Master di II livello

in
“MANAGEMENT SANITARIO”

Modulo LINGUA E TRADUZIONE- Lingua Inglese

Docente Dott.Ing. Luca Rossi

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Exercises
Find the terms in the preceding text and match them with their contextual meanings.
Floppy–register –input– ink-jet– printer – monitor
is a screen which is used to display monitor
certain kinds of information.

is a small magnetic disk that is used floppy

for storing computer data and
programs
converts data into printed form printer
High speed unit of memory register
are devices which allow us to enter input
information into the computer

is a type of printer Ink-get

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano
02/03/2016
 Exercise solutions of previous lesson
Read the text again and match the words to the paragraphs.

WORDS PARAGRAPH

ALU 2

LCD 4

Cathode ray tube 4

typewriter 4

DRAM 3

Eprom 3

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Exercises
Rewrite the following sentences paying attention to correct word order

1. The printer is an output device which converts data into printed form.

2. There are two main types of semiconductor memory, volatile and non-volatile.

3. The Arithmetic logic unit which performs mathematical calculations and logical operations.

4. The mouse allows us to control the cursor and move around the screen very quickly.

5. The keyboard is made up of typewriter keys for letters and numbers, and it may also have function
keys for special purposes.

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Exercise solutions of previous lesson
Answer the following questions.

1. The Control Unit examines the instructions in the user’s program, interprets each instruction and makes
the circuits and the rest of the components to be activated to execute the functions specified.

2. The mouse allows us to control the cursor and move around the screen very quickly.

3. There are two main types of semiconductor memory, volatile and non-volatile. Examples of non-volatile
memory are flash memory and ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory Examples of volatile
memory are DRAM and cache memory.

4. .Lcd which stands for liquid crystal display,it is a flat screen monitor.

5. Laser printers scan the image with a laser beam and transfer it to paper with a special ink powder.

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Read the following passage (1)
The software
The software is any set of instructions that directs a computer to perform specific tasks or operations.
Computer software consists of computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data (such as online
documentation or digital media). Computer software is non-tangible, contrasted with computer hardware,
which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and
neither can be realistically used without the other.[Paragraph 1]
At the lowest level, executable code consists of machine language instructions specific to an individual
processor, typically a central processing unit (CPU). A machine language consists of groups of binary values
signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software
written in a machine language is known as "machine code". However, in practice, software is usually written
in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural
language) than machine language. High-level languages are translated into machine language using a
compiler or an interpreter or a combination of the two. Software may also be written in a low-level assembly
language, essentially, a vaguely mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language
alphabet. Assembly language is translated into machine language using an assembler. [Paragraph 2]
Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano
02/03/2016
 Read the following passage (2)
However the software can be divided into two categories: Application software, which is software that uses
the computer system to perform special functions or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic
operation of the computer itself and there are many different types of application software, because the range
of tasks that can be performed with a modern computer is so large; System software, which is software that
directly operates the computer hardware, to provide basic functionality needed by users and other software,
and to provide a platform for running application software. System software includes Operating systems.
[Paragraph 3]
The Operating system is the most important type of software. It is usually supplied by the manufacturers and
includes a set of programs and files that control the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It
controls all the elements that the user sees and it communicates directly with the computer. In most
configurations the Operating System is automatically loaded into the RAM section when the computer is
started up.

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Read the following passage (3)
There are many operating systems like:
MS DOS which was developed by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBM PC compatibles. Today it is used in old Pcs;
it is a text based Operating system, as we communicate with the computer by typing commands that exist
within a library.
• Windows which is used by most home Pcs, it includes many versions like Windows 98, Windows 2000
and Windows XP which is an update to all Windows versions with a new visual design, it is more secure
and reliable than other versions and it offers support for the latest technologies.

• MAC OS ; large part of this OS is inside the system file. It offers Internet capabilities, support for Java and
Airport technology for wireless connections.

• Unix,was designed to be a multi-tasking system, it is written in C language.

• Linux is protected under the General Public Licence and it is the open source multi tasking operating
system. [Paragraph 4]
Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano
02/03/2016
 Translate the passage (1)
The software
The software is any set of instructions that directs a computer to perform specific tasks or operations.
Computer software consists of computer programs, libraries and related non-executable data (such as online
documentation or digital media). Computer software is non-tangible, contrasted with computer hardware,
which is the physical component of computers. Computer hardware and software require each other and
neither can be realistically used without the other.[Paragraph 1]

Il software
Il software è un qualsiasi insieme di istruzioni che porta un computer a svolgere compiti o operazioni
specifiche. Il software è costituito da programmi per computer, librerie e relativi dati non eseguibili (come ad
esempio la documentazione in linea o il supporto digitale). Il software è immateriale, in contrasto con
l'hardware del computer, che è la componente fisica del computer. L’hardware e il software si richiedono a
vicenda e non possono essere realisticamente utilizzati senza l'altro. [paragrafo 1]

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Translate the passage (2)
At the lowest level, executable code consists of machine language instructions specific to an individual
processor, typically a central processing unit (CPU). A machine language consists of groups of binary values
signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software
written in a machine language is known as "machine code". However, in practice, software is usually written
in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural
language) than machine language. High-level languages are translated into machine language using a
compiler or an interpreter or a combination of the two.

A più basso livello , il codice eseguibile consta di istruzioni in linguaggio macchina specifiche per un
singolo processore, tipicamente una unità di elaborazione centrale (CPU). Un linguaggio macchina consiste
di gruppi di valori binari rappresentanti le istruzioni per il processore che modificano lo stato del computer
dal suo stato precedente. Software scritto in un linguaggio macchina è noto come "codice macchina".
Tuttavia, in pratica, il software di solito è scritto in linguaggi di programmazione di alto livello che sono più
facili e più efficienti per gli esseri umani da usare (più vicino al linguaggio naturale) del linguaggio
macchina. I linguaggi di alto livello sono tradotti in linguaggio macchina utilizzando un compilatore o un
interprete o una combinazione dei due.
Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano
02/03/2016
 Translate the passage (3)
Software may also be written in a low-level assembly language, essentially, a vaguely mnemonic
representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language is translated into
machine language using an assembler. [Paragraph 2]
However the software can be divided into two categories: Application software, which is software that uses
the computer system to perform special functions or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic
operation of the computer itself and there are many different types of application software, because the range
of tasks that can be performed with a modern computer is so large;
Il software può anche essere scritto in un linguaggio assembly di basso livello, in sostanza, una
rappresentazione vagamente mnemonica di un linguaggio macchina utilizzando un linguaggio naturale. Il
linguaggio Assembly è tradotto in linguaggio macchina utilizzando un assemblatore. [Paragrafo 2]
Tuttavia il software può essere diviso in due categorie: software applicativo, che è il software che utilizza il
sistema delcomputer per eseguire funzioni speciali o fornire funzioni di intrattenimento oltre il
funzionamento di base del computer stesso e ci sono molti diversi tipi di software applicativo, dato che la
gamma di attività che possono essere eseguite con un computer moderno è così grande;

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Translate the passage (4)
System software, which is software that directly operates the computer hardware, to provide basic
functionality needed by users and other software, and to provide a platform for running application software.
System software includes Operating systems. [Paragraph 3]
The Operating system is the most important type of software. It is usually supplied by the manufacturers and
includes a set of programs and files that control the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It
controls all the elements that the user sees and it communicates directly with the computer. In most
configurations the Operating System is automatically loaded into the RAM section when the computer is
started up.
Il software di sistema, che è un software che gestisce direttamente l'hardware del computer, fornisce
funzionalità di base necessarie agli utenti e a altri software, e fornisce una piattaforma per l'esecuzione del
software applicativo. Il software di sistema include i sistemi operativi. [Il paragrafo 3]
Il sistema operativo è il tipo più importante di software. Di solito è fornito dai costruttori e include una serie
di programmi e file che controllano le risorse hardware e software di un sistema informatico. Controlla tutti
gli elementi che l'utente vede e comunica direttamente con il computer. Nella maggior parte delle
configurazioni del sistema operativo viene caricato automaticamente nella sezione RAM quando il computer
viene avviato.
Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano
02/03/2016
 Translate the passage (5)
There are many operating systems like:
MS DOS which was developed by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBM PC compatibles. Today it is used in old Pcs;
it is a text based Operating system, as we communicate with the computer by typing commands that exist
within a library; Windows which is used by most home Pcs, it includes many versions like Windows 98,
Windows 2000 and Windows XP which is an update to all Windows versions with a new visual design, it is
more secure and reliable than other versions and it offers support for the latest technologies; MAC OS ; large
part of this OS is inside the system file. It offers Internet capabilities, support for Java and Airport technology
for wireless connections; Unix,was designed to be a multi-tasking system, it is written in C language.
Ci sono molti sistemi operativi come: MS-DOS che è stato sviluppato da Microsoft nel 1981compatibile per
tutti i PC IBM. Oggi è usato nei PC vecchi; si tratta di un sistema operativo basato su testo, ovvero
comunichiamo con il computer digitando i comandi che esistono all'interno di una libreria; Windows che
viene utilizzato dalla maggior parte dei PC di casa, include molte versioni come Windows 98, Windows 2000
e Windows XP, che è un aggiornamento per tutte le versioni di Windows con un nuovo design visivo, è più
sicuro e affidabile rispetto alle altre versioni ed offre il supporto per le tecnologie più recenti; MAC OS ; gran
parte di questo sistema operativo è all'interno del file system. Offre funzionalità per Internet, supporto per la
tecnologia Java e aeroporto per le connessioni wireless; Unix, è stato progettato per essere un sistema
multitasking, è scritto in linguaggio C. Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano
02/03/2016
 Exercises
Find the terms in the preceding text and match them with their contextual meanings.
Library –non-tangible – code – compiler – manufacturer – update

upgrade
a company that makes goods
for sale

program instructions
A particular editor for
translation of high level
programs

a thing that isn’t perceptible

by touch

A collection of files

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Exercises
Read the text again and match the words to the paragraphs.

WORDS PARAGRAPH

Pcs

Non-executable

Interpreter

Mac Os

Binary

Windows

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Exercises
Rewrite the following sentences paying attention to correct word order

1. for Java and Airport technology offers Internet capabilities and support MAC OS for wireless
connections
2. .loaded into the RAM the Operating System is automatically section when the is computer started
up in most configurations
3. signifying processor consists of groups of binary values a machine language instructions the
computer from its preceding state that change the state of
4. General Public Licence Linux is protected under multi tasking operating system the and it is the
open source
5. that the user sees and it communicates controls with the computer all the elements directly The
Operating System

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016
 Exercises
Answer the following questions.

1. What does “machine language” mean?

2. How are the high-level programs translated into machine language?

3. Describe Application software

4. Describe System software

5. What are the most famous Operating Systems?

Università degli Studi

02/03/2016
 Exercises

Writing…………

Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano

02/03/2016