Word Stress

- only vowels can be stressed

- the schwa cant be stressed

- there is ONLY 1 primary stress

- in longer words, there is secondary stress too

How to stess?

- one syllable words -> there is no other syllable to stress

- two syllable words -> either the first or second syllable

+ stress on first syllable IF the final syllable contains schwa or the
short /ɪ/
+ stress on second syllable IF the first syllable contains schwa or the short
/ɪ/

- three syllable and more

+ weak syllables never carry stress - schwa...
+ antepenultimate word stress - third syllable from the end

Main stess patterns

- Last syllable
+ words from modern French
* -ade (Parade), -ache (moustache), -ale (morale), -ee (refuge), -een
(canteen)
* -el (hotel), -eer (career), -ese (Chinese), -ess (princess), -et(t)e
(brunette, compete), -ique, -ine, -oon
+ words from Italian
* -etti (spaghetti), -etta (vendetta), -etto (libreto), -illa (gorilla)

- Penultimate
+ suffixes which attract stress on the syllable immediately preceding
(before) it
* -ial (facial), -ian (musician), -ic (toxic), -id (solid), -ify
(glorify), -inal (final), -ious (glorious), -ity (city), -ual (casual)

- Antepenultimate stress
+ the main stress falls on the third syllable from the end
* words from Greek: biology, sociology, psychology, photography

- Secondary stress
+ occurs in long words
+ never falls on the syllable immediately after the main stress
+ usually falls on the root syllable of the foundation word
* example: qualification is derived from to qualify

Compound Words

- a combination of two or more words

- function as a single vocabulary unit

- some may be hyphenated

+ home-made bread
- others written together and some separate
+ Backstreet Boys

- the primary stress is usually on the first element

Homographs

- words which are written the same way but which have different pronunciation

- usually noun to verb

+ REcord (n) -> reCORD (v)

-> prezentace 2, strany 30-33 opakování slov