DEFINITION OF TOURISM

- Is a social, cultural, environmental and economic phenomenon which

entails the movementof people to countries or places outside their usual
environment for personal or business purposes.
CHARACTERISTIC OF TOURISM
1. Phenomena and relationship
2. Dynamic and static
3. essential elements must be to and from destinations outside the place of
residence
4. Temporary and short-term
5. purposes of recreation and leisure
FORMS OF TOURISM
DOMESTIC TOURISM
- Resident visitor within the country of reference either as part of a
domestic tourism trip or part of an outbound tourism trip
INBOUND TOURISM
- Non-resident visitor within the country of reference on an inbound tourism
OUTBOUND TOURISM
- Resident visitor outside the country of reference, either as part of an
outbound tourism trips or as part of a domestic tourism
FIVE A’s OF TOURISM
- Attractions
- Accesibility
- Accommodation
- Activities
- Amenities
TOURIST
- Tourists is a word related to “tour” which is derived from the Latin word
“tornus” a circle-or turner’s wheel
Tourist – Overnight visitor
Excursionist – Same-day visitor
TRAVEL – refers to the movement of people from one location to another.
Three main reasons why people travel
- Business - Leisure -Bleasure
DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY
- Hospitality comes from the latin word “hospitare” which means “to receive
as guest”
- Includes the “reception and entertainment of travelers, the way they are
treated by the industry employees and an overall concern for their well-
being and satisfaction
SYMBOL OF HOSPITALITY
- PINEAPPLE story begins when Christopher Columbus returned to
Europe with the pineapple, which orifinated in South America, as one of
the prizes obtained in the New world.
- Welcome, Friendship, Hospitality
THREE PERPECTIVE OF HOSPITALITY
- Guest Perspectiev – recipient of hospitality
- Operator Perspective – deliverer of hospitality
- Tech – platform to help operators better-deliver
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
- Food and Beverage Services
- Accommodation or Lodging Services
- Recreation and Leisure Servicess
- Travel Service

THE HISTORY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

- Tourism comes from the Hebrew word “torah” means “education,
teaching, or law”
- Derived from Old Saxon term “torn” means “leave with the aim returning”
- Travel from the word “travail”
EARLY TOURISM
Two main reasons why people travel
- Business - Leisure

THE SUMERIANS
- Invented money and wheels
- The greeks creation Olympic Games in 776 B.C led to the development
of another type of travel for entertainment
- They built horse stables every 6 miles, these specific sites can be used to
replace fatigued horses or get new hose to travel faster – Petrol stations
- One of the most important pilgrimage destinations in the 14th century was
St. Jame of Galicia

Holiday was derived from an organized place "holy day"

MEDIEVAL PERIOD
- religious travels were the only one who traveled during the period
RENAISSANCE
- educational travel was offered as a new type of travel.
- young men's educational journey became known as the "Grand tour"
- another purpose of regular travel "health and culture" people who are sick look
for curious while others seek out culture.
- sanitas for aquas - Health through Waters
- spa comes from the Spanish word "espa" means "fountain"
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- technological advancement and
- societal changes
- enjoyment
- People's increase productivity and urbanization provided them with the chance
and financial means to take a "staycation"
MODERN TOURISM (19TH CENTURY)
- The development of two technological development
• the building of a railway system
• the creation of steam power
- low cost commercial aircraft
- The invention of steam power which led to the popularity of day cruces and the
development of resorts
THOMAS COOK
• first travel organizers to plan a railway journey between Leicester and
Loughborough, England.
• In 1986, he organized an American tour.
• Cook's Circular Notes - traveler's check
- The Baedeker
• most popular guide book of the century
• main book for Europeans
MODERN TOURISM 20TH CENTURY
- the development of motor cars motorized public road transport boosted
popularity of seaside tours. - another is the interest in international travel

HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY ANCIENT PERIOD

- Sumerians:
• they are the earliest recorded hospitality industry • they also introduce money
and writing
• alcoholic beverages - the beer which were considered to be safest drink than
their water
• taverns the very first hospitality business

EARLY TRADERS
• establishment of Caravanserai along the silk road
• Caravanserai we're classified as "guest homes or roadsides inns" that were
built to accommodate visitors and traders for the night

EMPIRES 3,200 BC TO 47 A.D

- EGYPTIAN EMPIRE:
• Egyptian hospitalities well known large fees held in honor of their distinguished
visitors and dignitaries.
• Egyptians were the first to start the tourism and hospitality industry • famous
pyramids
 GREEK EMPIRE:
• The emergence of inns and taverns in ancient Greece
• inns and taverns were highly regarded and provided excellent pills to travelers
• most hospitable empires
ROMAN EMPIRE:
• trade interchange of products, battles, road networks, religious activities,
sports, and tourist sites are all possible contributors to the growth of travel and
tourism.
- Khans
• which were a combination of stables sleeping quarters and castles were built.
MEDIEVAL PERIOD (DARK AGES)
- innkeeping practically vanish after the fall of the Roman empire in 476 AD
- Xenodocheions Greek word that means "inns or resting place"
- Hospice of St Bernard was the most famous of this monastery-shelters.
RENAISSANCE: 1,350 AD - 1600 AD
- there was a decrease in the number of available restaurants or dining
establishments throughout this time
- In England taverns, pubs and inns did not serve food or drink and the higher
class disregarded this establishments.
EARLY MODERN PERIOD 1,600 AD TO 1,800 AD
-The stagecoach was the most popular means of transportation
-In the 1600s are really requiring innkeepers to acquire licenses.
-Boulanger
• restaurants a French word that means "restoratives" where the name for these
establishments.
• France - Café. Café is the french word for "coffee"
• Café Procope

THE INDUSTRIAL ERA: 1800s

- the industrial revolution
- it is a time marked by the industrialization of society and economies
- The invention in mechanization of various kinds of transportation including
railways.

MODERN PERIOD
•19th century
-the evolution of the hotel business
-hotel bigon serving food and beverage to the travelers
-sophisticated facilities that supplied superior rooms and dining areas to the
general public
-recreation of various hotel selling facilities
-The term restaurant was then used to refer to a hotel's dining room
• 20th century
- The development of hospitality culture among people presented a major
financial opportunity
- the rise of motels which are accommodation cities erected beside major
highways
- In the year 1980 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
announced the 27th day of September as World Tourism Day
• 21st century
- The integration of technological advancement into the hospitality industry
- engineering advancement enabled the construction of taller and more
technological hotels

PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Cesar Ritz - the hoteliers of Kings and King of hoteliers
Ellsworth Milton Statler - hotel man of the half century
Conrad Hilton - the biggest hotel man in the world
Thomas Cook - the father of modern tourism
Howard Dearing Johnson - The pioneer of restaurant franchising
John Willard Marriott - founder of Marriott corporation
Ray Kroc
Isadore Sharp - man for all seasons
Ruth Fertel

THE ECONOMICS OF TOURISM HOSPITALITY

INDUSTRY
ECONOMICS
- Lisa refers to the study of the laws of supply and demand.
- economics also deals with the optimal use of scarces resources too much
available resources with the needs and wants of individuals and communities

MACRO VS MICRO

• MACROECONOMICS
- it refers to external forces that can affect an enterprise, sector, or industry.
- these include economic, political, socio cultural, and technological influences.
• MICROECONOMICS
- it refers to factors that an organization directly affect its operations
- these include looking into the consumer behavior of individual and organization.

TOURISM DEMAND
- it is defining are "the total number of persons who travel or wish to travel" to
use tourist facilities and services at places away from their places of work or
residence.
• demand substitution
• demand redirection
• demand generation

FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM DEMAND

- economic
• cost of travel
• prices of goods and services
• foreign exchange rates
- geographic
• accessibility of the destination
• seasonality of the available attractions and recreational activity
• location
- political
• government laws on visas
• immigration
• customs
• taxes
• health policies
- perception of the destination
• image
• credibility
• branding
• safety and security issues

TOURISM SUPPLY
- it is consisting of the possible products and services to satisfy and exceed the
demand of travelers
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM SUPPLY
• direct providers
• support services
• The recent development organizations

FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM SUPPLY

- political
• government support for threesome investment such as tax holidays
• export and import regulations
- technological
• availability of equipment
• innovative techniques
- geographical
• accessibility of destination
• climate
• natural environment
- social
• hospitality
• communication skills
• showcase of traditions and culture
- legal
• Laws and regulations
• policies and procedures

ROLE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

- The tourism and hospitality industry are one of the most important sectors of
the global economy
- a diving force in expanding economic opportunity, particularly in developing
countries, by allowing people to manage their assets in ways that generate
income and options.

TOURISM MULTIPLIER
- this simply refers to how many times a tourist money circulates through a
country's economy.
- leakage is the value of goods and services imported to service the needs of
tourism and hospitality

UNDESIRABLE IMPACT OF TOURISM

- negative environmental effects of tourism and hospitality
- economic instability
• foreign poaching
• tourism dependence
- negative social effects of tourism and hospitality
STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE THE POSITIVE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

1. Growth theories
• theory of balance growth
• theory of unbalanced growth
2. Economic strategies
• foreign exchange
• import substitution
• economic development incentives

SCOPE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS
- it is described as an individual organization or community who has an interest
in the success of the industry
- demand side are classified based on origin
• domestic tourists
• international tourists
- supply side
• resource providers
• tourism operators
• Tourism managers
• infrastructure and supports services

TOURISM SECTORS
• accommodations
• attractions
• food and beverage services
• gaming and entertainment
• mice and special events
• transportation
• travel trade
• tourism support services