MSE 2211

Crystal Defect, Deformation and

Fracture

Maliha Rahman
Lecturer
Dept. of MSE, RUET
 Lecture 29-30

Topic: Fatigue
Reference: Dieter Chapter 12
INTRODUCTION
Failures occurring under conditions of dynamic loading are called fatigue
failures

fails at a stress much lower than that required to cause fracture on a single
application of load

results in a brittle fracture, with no gross deformation at the fracture.

the fracture surface is usually normal to the direction of the principal

tensile stress.

the appearance of the fracture surface: a smooth region and a rough

region
STRESS CYCLES
a) Complete reversal of stress
(Sinusoidal). Max and Min
stresses are equal. One in
tension and other is in
compression

b) Repeated stress cycle. Max

and Min stresses are not equal.
Both are in tension

c) Complicated cycle : Aircraft

wing
• Fluctuating stress cycle: two components
• Mean stress σm and alternating stress σa
• Range of stress σr is = σmax- σmin
• σa= σr /2=(σmax- σmin)/2
• σm = (σmax+ σmin)/2
• Stress ratio R = σmin/σmax
• Amplitude Ratio A = σa / σm =(1-R)/(1+R)
THE S-N CURVE
• Fatigue data is presented by S-N plots. At higher stress, fatigue life
• N is plotted on log scale. decreases.
• It gives the number of cycle of stress for failure.
For few metals (Steel etc.)
• Stress can be σmax or σmin or σa.
the curve flattens at a certain
stress limit Fatigue/
Endurance Limit.

In non-ferrous metals This

does not happen. Fatigue
Strength is given by stress at
an arbitrary N.
STATISTICAL NATURE OF FATIGUE
EFFECT OF MEAN STRESS ON FATIGUE
Cycle stress-strain curve
n’ is the cyclic strain hardening
exponent
K’ is the cyclic strength coefficient
Low-cycle fatigue
PROBLEM
• For the cyclic stress-strain curve shown in the figure, σB= 75 Mpa and
ƐB= 0.000645. If Ɛf = 0.30 and E= 22 x 104 MPa determine (a) Δɛe and
Δɛp (b) the number of cycle to failure.
Solution
• Dieter Page 391
• 2N= number of strain reversals to failure (1 cycle= 2 reversal)
• C= fatigue ductility exponent (-0.5 to -0.7 for many metals)
• Ɛ’f = fatigue ductility coefficient ( same as Ɛf for many metals)

Home work
End of today!!