LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY CAVITE

RESEARCH STUDY

A Research study on the Planning and Design Guidelines

of Different Facilities

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

of Architectural Design 7 – Community Architecture

and Urban Design (ARDES07)

Submitted by:

Kiamzon, Alyssa Margaret R.

Submitted to:

Ar. Ludyvilla Vista

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... ii

HOSPITAL AND HEALTH FACILITIES ..........................................................................

COMMERCIAL BUILDING ................................................................................................

HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ............................................................................

CIVIC CENTER ....................................................................................................................

RESORTS ..............................................................................................................................

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GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES
(DOH Guidelines)

As part of standard professional practice, hospitals and other healthcare facilities

must be planned and built in accordance with applicable architectural standards, functional
programs, and regulations. To design health facilities, the following references shall be
taken into consideration.

P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
• P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• B. P. 344 – Accessibility Law and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
• R. A. 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code
• Manual on Technical Guidelines for Hospitals and Health Facilities Planning and Design.
Department of Health, Manila. 1994
• Signage Systems Manual for Hospitals and Offices. Department of Health, Manila. 1994
• Health Facilities Maintenance Manual. Department of Health, Manila. 1995
• Manual on Hospital Waste Management. Department of Health, Manila. 1997
• District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development. World Health Organization Regional
Publications, Western Pacific Series. 1992
• Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical Facilities. American
Institute of Architects, Committee on Architecture for Health. 1992
• De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book
Company. 1980

Classifications of hospitals according to DOH Hospital Classifications (2015)

According to Ownership
- Government
A hospital created by law; the health facility may be under DOH, LGU, DOJ, State
Universities, and other government-owned corporations.

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- Private
Owned, established, and operated through funds from donation, investment or other
means by an individual, private corporation, or independent association or
organization.
According to Scope of Services
- General Hospital – a hospital or facility that provides all kinds of services (but not
limited to:
o Clinical Services (Family Medicine, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine,
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery)
o Emergency Services
o Outpatient Services
o Ancillary and Support Services (Clinical Laboratory, Imaging Facility,
Pharmacy)
- Specialty – a facility that specializes in only a specific disease or condition

According to functional Capacity

- Level 1 General Hospital

Minimum requirements include:

1. A staff of qualified, medical, allied medical and administrative personnel

headed by a physician duly licensed by the PRC
2. Bed space for its authorized bed capacity, in accordance with DOH Guidelines
in the Planning and Design of Hospitals
3. An operating room with standard equipment and provisions for sterilization of
equipment and supplies in accordance with:

• DOH Reference Plan in the Planning and Design of an Operating Room or

Theater
• DOH Guidelines on Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization of Reusable
Medical Devices in Hospital Facilities in the Philippines

4. A post-operative Recovery Room

5. Maternity Facilities consisting of Ward(s), Room(s), a Delivery Room,

exclusively for maternity patients and newborns

6. Isolation facilities with proper procedures for the care and control of infection
and communicable diseases as well as for the prevention of cross infection

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7. A separate dental section/ clinic

8. Provision for blood donation
9. A DOH-licensed secondary clinical laboratory with the services of a consulting
pathologist
10. A DOH licensed Level 1 imaging facility with the services of a consulting
radiologist
11. A DOH licensed pharmacy

- Level 2
All of requirements of level1 including:

1. An organized staff of qualified and competent personnel with Chief of

Hospital/Medical Director and appropriate board-certified Clinical Department
Heads
2. Departmentalized and equipped with the service capabilities needed to support
board certified/ eligible medical specialties and other licensed physicians
rendering services in the specialties of Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Surgery, their subspecialties, and other ancillary services
3. Provision for general ICU for critically ill patients
4. Provision for NICU
5. Provision for HRPU
6. Provision for Respiratory Therapy Services
7. A DOH licensed tertiary clinical laboratory
8. A DOH licensed level 2 imaging facility with mobile X-ray inside the
institution and with capability for contrast examinations

- Level 3

All of requirements of level 2 including:

• Teaching and/or Training Hospital with accredited residency training program for
physicians in the four major specialties namely: Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics
and Gynecology, and Surgery
• Provision for physical medicine and rehabilitation unit
• Provision for ambulatory surgical clinic
• Provision for dialysis facility
• Provision for blood bank

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• A DOH licensed level 3 imaging facility with interventional radiology

Factors and Considerations:

1. Environment: a health facility shall be in a location that is accessible to a

community and shall not be adjacent to railroads, freight yards, playgrounds,
airports, and industrial and disposal plants.
2. Occupancy: The location of the hospital shall comply with all local zoning
ordinances. It shall not be designed for other purposes and any other building
cannot be converted into a hospital. (Division C-2, GI – General Institutional)
3. Safety:
✓ Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly
outside the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
✓ A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be provided for
each floor of the building.
✓ Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the
building.
4. Security
5. Patient movement:
✓ Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum
width of 2.44 meters.
✓ Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and equipment
transport may be reduced in width to 1.83 meters.
✓ A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing
areas located on the upper floor.
✓ A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not on
the same level of the site.
6. Lighting and Ventilation
7. Auditory and Visual Privacy
8. Water Supply
9. Waste Disposal
10. Sanitation
11. Housekeeping
12. Maintenance
13. Material Specification: floors, walls, and ceilings shall be durable and sturdy, easy
to clean, and resistant to fire.
14. Segregation (of personnel and wards)
15. Fire Protection
16. Signages

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17. Parking: the facility shall provide a minimum of 1 parking space for every 25
beds.
18. Zoning:
✓ Outer zone – immediately accessible to public: emergency services,
outpatient services and administrative services.
✓ Second zone – areas that receive workload from outer zone: laboratory,
pharmacy, and radiology.
✓ Inner zone – areas that provide nursing and management of patients,
private but accessible to guests
✓ Deep zone – areas that require asepsis to perform prescribes services:
surgical areas, delivery areas, nursery, intensive care units.
✓ Service zone – areas that provided support: dietary service, housekeeping
services, maintenance, and mortuary

Hospital spatial relationships:

19. Spaces: adequate and ergonomic areas should be provided for people activity,
furniture, equipment, and utilities.

Space Area in Square

Meters
Administrative Service
Lobby
Waiting Area 0.65/person

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Information and Reception Area 5.02/staff

Toilet 1.67
Business Office 5.02/staff
Medical Records 5.02/staff
Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff
Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and Housekeeping Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29
Supply Room 5.02/staff
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary
Dietitian Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65
Food Preparation Area 4.65
Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal Area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
Clinical Service
Emergency Room
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65
Scrub-up Area 4.65
Clean-up Area 4.65

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Dressing Room 2.32

Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor’s Closet 3.90

Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff

Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and Housekeeping Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29
Supply Room 5.02/staff
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary
Dietitian Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65
Food Preparation Area 4.65
Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal Area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
Clinical Service
Emergency Room
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65

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Scrub-up Area 4.65

Clean-up Area 4.65
Dressing Room 2.32
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor’s Closet 3.90

Nursing Unit
Semi-Private Room with Toilet 7.43/bed
Patient Room 7.43/bed
Toilet 1.67
Isolation Room with Toilet 9.29
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room
Receiving and Releasing Area 5.02/staff
Work Area 5.02/staff
Sterilizing Room 4.65
Sterile Supply Storage Area 4.65
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse 5.02/staff
Ancillary Service
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink 10.00
Pathologist Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Radiology
X – Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area and 14.00
Toilet
Dark Room 4.65
Film File and Storage Area 4.65
Radiologist Area 5.02/staff
Pharmacy 15.00
Notes:
1. 0.65/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
2. 5.02/staff – Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one
(1) chair, space for occasional visitor, and space for aisle
3. 1.40/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
4. 7.43/bed – Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed, space
for occasional visitor, and space for passage of equipment
5. 1.08/stretcher – Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1) stretcher

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GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING

Commercial buildings belong to Classification Group E – Business and Mercantile

according to P.D. 1096.

Division 1 - Gasoline filling and service stations, storage garages and boat storage
structures where no work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no
open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids.
Division 2 - Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, drinking and dining
establishments having an occupant load of less than one hundred persons, printing plants,
police and fire stations, factories and workshops using not highly flammable or
combustible materials and paint stores without bulk handlings.
Division 3 - Aircraft hangars and open parking garages where no repair work is done except
exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding or the use of highly
flammable liquids.

SITE SELECTION
Assess area requirements:
o Potential for expansion
o Parking (for employees, visitors, trucks, etc.)
o External storage area
o Landscaping
o Use of public utilities: water, power, gas, and disposal
o Access on public and private roads
o Environmental impact
o Possible hazards

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GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF A HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Classified as R-5 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Considerations
1. Views, Vistas, and Landmark Buildings
✓ Identify the existing and future landmarks through a comprehensive view
analysis to evaluate the potential impact of the proposed development on these
views.
✓ Lot Conditions – shall be in a regular shape to allow for a design that
incorporates effective transition measures; the lot shall abut the public realm on
at least 2 sides (parks, plazas)
✓ When a proposed high-rise building is adjacent to only low-rise buildings, the
lot should be of sufficient width or depth to establish the gradual height
transition (typically 45 degrees)

✓ Minimum lot area: 1,350sq.m (corner lot); 1,800 sq.m. (interior or through lot)

2. Built Form
o How the building is experienced by pedestrians and how the building expresses the image
of the location, owner, and occupants.
o Enhance the overall pedestrian experience especially in the immediate surrounding public
spaces through designing the lower portion or base of the building.
o Enhance and create the image of a community and a city through the façade or design of
the upper portion of the building through protecting and/or creating views and landmarks
and respecting and/or enriching urban fabric and skylines.

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3. Height and Transition

o The maximum height of the base of a proposed high-rise building should be
equal to the width of the RROW to provide sufficient enclosure for the street
without overwhelming the street.

o additional height may be appropriate through the provision of step backs

architectural articulation, particularly on wider streets and deeper lots.
o The minimum height of the base should be 2 storeys.
o Where there is an existing context of street wall buildings with consistent height,
the base of the proposed high-rise building should respect this condition through
setbacks and architectural articulation.

4. Articulation and Materiality

o Use high-quality, durable, and environmentally sustainable materials with
variety in texture.
o Breaking up a long façade vertically through massing and architectural
articulation to fit into the existing context of the building.
o Include multiple entrances.
5. Tower portion
o Encourage small tower floor plates to minimize shadow and wind impacts and
allow the passage of natural light into interior spaces.
o Provide proper separation distances between towers (at least 23 m)
o The minimum separation between a tower over 30-storeys and a neighboring
tower should be 25 m.
o Orient and shape the tower to improve building energy performance, natural
ventilation, and daylighting.
6. Pedestrian space and Connection
o In areas where the streets are narrow, provide additional pedestrian spaces
through easements.
o Increase building setback at grade to provide additional pedestrian access at
busy street corners.
7. Parking, Loading and Servicing
o Locate parking underground or at the rear part of the building.
o Locate drop-off and pick up areas on private lands.
o Coordinate and integrate public transit elements such as benches and stops
within the site.

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GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF CIVIC CENTERS

Division C-1 According to PD 1096

Space requirements
3 Lot zones
LOT 1 – Recreational and Social Centers
o Building 1: Cultural Center
✓ Chair Office
✓ VC for Administration Office
✓ VC for Operations Office
✓ Staff Office
✓ Auditorium
✓ Public Library
o Building 2: Sports Center
o Building 3: Commercial Center
SITE SPACE REQUIREMENTS (on USA and ISA)
o Parks and Playground
o Bicycle Lanes and Jogging lanes
o Common Parking slots
LOT 2 – Constituents’ Services
o Building 1: Lying-in Health Center (DOH)
✓ Administration Area
✓ Emergency Area
✓ Operations
✓ Wards
✓ Pharmacy
o Building 2: Vocational Center (DOLE/TESDA)/Youth Development Center (DepEd)
✓ Information technology construction
✓ Construction
✓ Weaving and Sewing
✓ Arts and Crafts
✓ Housekeeping
✓ Healthcare
o Building 3: Day Care Center/ Senior Citizen Center (DSWD, DOH, and DepEd)
✓ Classrooms, comfort rooms
✓ Teachers’ area
✓ Staff
✓ Outdoor activity areas
✓ Senior Citizens’’ Common area
✓ Sleeping quarters
✓ Building utilities
LOT 3 – Government Services
o Building 1: NDRRMC/ Evacuation Center
• Subzone 1: Administration (usually at ground level)
✓ Chairperson office
✓ VC-DILG Office
✓ VC-DSWS Office
✓ VC-DOH Office

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✓ VC DepEd Office
• Subzone 2: Administration Support
✓ Clerical Area
✓ Record/File room
• Subzone 3: Command and Control Center
✓ Information/Reception Counter
✓ CCTV or Computer room
✓ Security room
• Subzone 4: Staff Area
✓ Meeting/ Briefing room
✓ Pantry
✓ Staff Lounge
• Subzone 5: Services and Utilities
✓ Common Comfort rooms
✓ Storage
✓ Electrical Room
✓ Janitor’s Quarter

o Building 2: DILG – Fire Station and Police Station

• Administration Area (DILG)
✓ Chair and Vice Chair’s Office
✓ Staff Area
✓ Record/File room
✓ Lounge/Pantry
✓ Comfort rooms
• POLICE STATION
✓ Sub-Zone 1 Administration
o Chief of Police (SPO4) Office
o Information Desk/Clerical Area
o Women's Desk (Room)
o CCTV/PABX/Security
o Record/File Room
o Waiting Area
✓ Sub-Zone 2 Operations
o Briefing Room/Meeting Room
o Interrogation Room
o Pantry/ Rest Area
o Locker Room/T&Bs
o Comfort Rooms (M/F) and Utility Room
✓ Sub-Zone 3 Prison/Services/Utilities
o Prison Cell (M/F)
o Comfort Rooms for Inmates (M/F)
o Electrical Close
• FIRE STATION
✓ Sub-Zone 1 Administration
o Fire Chief Office
o Information Desk
o Clerical Area
o Record/File Room
o Control Room (CCTV/PABX/Security)
✓ Sub-Zone 2 Operations
o Briefing Room/Meeting Room

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o Pantry
o Comfort Rooms (M/F)
o Electrical Closet
o Laundry/Drying Area
✓ Sub-Zone 3 Firemen’s Quarter (2F)
o Sleeping Area
o T&Bs
o Utility Area

GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF RESORTS

DIVISION H-4 according to National Building Code of the Philippines

A resort is a commercial establishment that offers a variety of vacation-related facilities and
activities, such as a hotel, a spa, restaurants, bars, and recreational amenities. Resorts are often located in
scenic areas, such as beaches, mountains, or forests.

Resorts can be classified into two main types: destination resorts and urban resorts. Destination resorts are
located in remote areas and offer a variety of activities and amenities that guests can enjoy without leaving
the resort. Urban resorts are located in cities or towns and offer guests access to the city's attractions, as
well as the resort's own amenities.

a total of 1000 points have been set as the

maximum number of points that can be
achieved by Hotels, Resorts, and
Apartment Hotels.

Section 1. Five Star Grading System. There are five (5) levels of accommodation standards ranging from
one to five stars. The star bands for Hotels, Resorts and Apartment Hotels are as follows:

a. One Star: 25-40% achievement (251 to 400 points) – These enterprises appeal to budget minded
travellers. There is a limited range of facilities and services.

b. Two Star: 40-55% achievement (401 to 550 points) - These enterprises appeal to the tourists seeking
more than basic accommodation. They offer expanded facilities and higher level of comfort.

c. Three Star: 55–70% achievement (551 to 700 points) – These enterprises offer a very good level of
accommodation. There are more spacious public areas, higher quality facilities and a greater range of
services.

d. Four Star: 70–85% achievement (701 to 850 points) - These properties are upscale in all areas.
Accommodation is refined and stylish. Service is responsive, often including an extensive array of
facilities.

e. Five Star: 85%-100% achievement (851 to 1,000 points) - These properties reflect the characteristics of
luxury and sophistication. The facilities are world class in every manner and the meticulous service exceeds
all guest expectations

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Sample Schematic Layouts for Different Zones:

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REFERENCES:

Urban design guidelines for high-rise buildings - ottawa. (n.d.)

https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/design_guide_tall_bldgs_en.pdf

Pickard, Q. (Ed.). (2005, September 9). The Architects’ Handbook. Wiley-Blackwell.

https://doi.org/10.1604/9781405135054

Scribd. (n.d.-a). Resort accreditation guidelines in the Philippines. Scribd.

https://www.scribd.com/document/290531555/Resort-aCCREDITATION-
GUIDELINES-IN-THE-PHILIPPINES

Scribd. (n.d.-b). Spaces in resort. Scribd.

https://www.scribd.com/document/332500574/Spaces-in-Resort#

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