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4.4.2.2 - Derivation of The Diffusivity Equation in Radial-Cylindrical Coordinates
4.4.2.2 - Derivation of The Diffusivity Equation in Radial-Cylindrical Coordinates
4.4.2.2 - Derivation of The Diffusivity Equation in Radial-Cylindrical Coordinates
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Home > Lessons > Lesson 4: Reservoir Engineering for Oil Reservoirs > 4.4.2.2: Derivation of the Diffusivity Equation in Radial-Cylindrical Coordinates
If we perform a mass balance on a thin ring or Representative Elemental Volume, REV, in the reservoir
as shown in Figure 4.07, then we would have:
Equation 4.43 simply states that any mass entering the REV at its outer boundary less the mass exiting
the REV at its inner boundary must be accumulating in the REV. We can elaborate on the definitions of
terms in Equation 4.43 as:
∂(𝜌𝑞)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐼𝑛 = 𝜌𝑞]𝑟′ + 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑡 = 5.615(𝜌𝑞]𝑟′ + 𝑑𝑟)𝑑𝑡
∂𝑟
Equation 4.44
and,
Where:
Substituting Equation 4.44 through Equation 4.46 into Equation 4.43 results in:
∂(𝜌𝑞)
5.615[(𝜌𝑞] ′ = 𝑑𝑟) − 𝜌𝑞] ′ ]𝑑𝑡 = 2𝜋𝑟𝑑𝑟 𝜙ℎ ∂𝜌
𝑟 ∂𝑟 𝑟
Equation 4.47a
or,
∂(𝜌𝑞)
5.615 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑡=2𝜋𝑟𝑑𝑟 𝜙ℎ ∂𝜌
∂𝑟
Equation 4.47b
1 ∂(𝜌𝑞) = 2𝜋 𝜙ℎ ∂𝜌
𝑟 ∂𝑟 5.615 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.48
Now, substituting Darcy’s Law, Equation 4.05 with l=-r and without the formation volume factor, B, (we
want the flow rate in reservoir bbl/day not STB/day):
1 ∂ 0.001127𝜌𝑘(2𝜋𝑟ℎ) ∂𝑝 = 2𝜋 𝜙ℎ ∂𝜌
𝑟 ∂𝑟 [ 𝜇 ∂𝑟
]
5.615 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.49
If we assume that the permeability, k, and the thickness, h, are uniform, then we have:
1 ∂ (𝑟𝜌 ∂𝑝 ) = 𝜙𝜇 ∂𝜌
𝑟 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟 (5.615)(0.001127)𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.50a
or,
1 ∂ 𝑟𝜌 ∂𝑝 = 𝜙𝜇 ∂𝜌
𝑟 ∂𝑟 ( )
∂𝑟 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.50b
1 ∂ (𝑟𝜌 ∂𝑝 ) = 𝜙𝜇 ∂𝜌 ∂𝑝
𝑟 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.50c
1 𝑑𝜌
𝑐=𝜌
𝑑𝑝
Equation 4.51
1 ∂ (𝑟𝑝 ∂𝑝 ) = 𝜙𝜇𝑐𝜌 ∂𝑝
𝑟 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.52
Equation 4.52 is the nonlinear diffusivity equation. We say that it is Nonlinear because the two density
terms in the equation are functions of pressure. In this nonlinear form, we cannot solve the equation
analytically (exactly). In order to obtain analytical solutions to this equation, we must first Linearize it.
To do this, we apply the chain rule to the left-hand side of Equation 4.52:
2
1 𝑟(𝜌 ∂ 𝑝 + ∂𝑝 ∂𝜌 ) + 𝜌 ∂𝑝 = 𝜙𝜇𝑐𝜌 ∂𝑝
𝑟[ ∂𝑟
2 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟
]
0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.53a
or,
2 2
1 𝑟 𝜌 ∂ 𝑝 + ( ∂𝑝 ) ∂𝜌 + 𝜌 ∂𝑝 = 𝜙𝜇𝑐𝜌 ∂𝑝
𝑟 { [ ] }
∂𝑟
2 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑝 ∂𝑟 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.53b
2 2
∂ 𝑝
Note that the term, ( ∂𝑝
∂𝑟 )
, is the first derivative squared and not the second derivative, ∂𝑟
2 . To complete
∂𝑝
the linearization process, we must assume the pressure gradient, ∂𝑟
, is small. If this is the case, then
∂𝑝 2
( ∂𝑟 ) is very small, and we can remove it from Equation 4.53b:
2
𝜌 ∂2 𝑝 ∂𝑝 𝜙𝜇𝑐𝜌 ∂𝑝
𝑟 + =
𝑟 [ ( ∂𝑟2 ) ∂𝑟 ] 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.54a
or,
2
∂ 𝑝 ∂𝑝 𝜙𝜇𝑐 ∂𝑝
+ 1𝑟 =
∂𝑟
2 ∂𝑟 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.54b
1 ∂ (𝑟 ∂𝑝 ) = 𝜙𝜇𝑐 ∂𝑝
𝑟 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟 0.006328𝑘 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.55a
or,
1 ∂ (𝑟 ∂𝑝 ) = 1 ∂𝑝
𝑟 ∂𝑟 ∂𝑟 𝜂 𝑑𝑡
Equation 4.55b
Where:
Equation 4.55 is the linear form of the diffusivity equation that describes the transient flow of a slightly
compressible liquid through porous media. As we have already shown, solutions to this equation are
useful in pressure transient analysis. The solutions to the diffusivity equation also have applications in
the oil and gas production in:
The name Diffusivity Equation comes from the fact that this equation governs the diffusion process
(with appropriate changes to the equation parameters and variables to make it relevant for diffusion). In
addition, this equation also governs the process of heat conduction in solids, again, with appropriate
changes to the equation parameters and variables.
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