Barangaysand Buildings Traversedbythe Valley Fault System

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Barangays and Buildings Traversed by the Valley Fault System
Technical Report · September 2017

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31921.07526
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Barangays and Buildings Traversed by the

Valley Fault System
Ervin Malicdem
Mapping advocate, Schadow1 Expeditions. Member, National Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council Information Management – Technical Working Group.
Correspondence to: Ervin B. Malicdem (schadow1@s1expeditions.com)
The Philippines is one of the densely populated country in the world with over 337 persons per square
kilometer. Most of the population is situated in Metro Manila with roughly 21,000 per square kilometer
density in an area of over 600 square kilometers. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
has published an updated trace of the Valley Fault System traversing the densely populated are of the
Philippines. Amidst existence of the fault line, the Philippine government does not have a strict
implementation of policies that pertains to the resiliency of structures from tremors and proper zoning
that prohibit construction of structures within the deformation zones of the fault. Thus, the importance
of identification of structures directly on top of the fault line and population is required for planning in
case the “Big One” strikes.
Keywords: Big One, earthquake, Metro Manila, fault line, valley fault system, Marikina valley fault
system, land deformation, buildings, population
Introduction
In 2015, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) has released an updated
trace of the Valley Fault System through their VFS-GMMA Atlas or the Valley Fault System in the General
Metro Manila Area Atlas. The atlas provides a definitive trace of the location of the fault line and the
exact trace to where it traverses.
DigitalGlobe, a company operating sophisticated satellite constellations in orbit capturing high-

resolution satellite imagery of the world, Including the Philippines has released some of its satellite
images for OpenStreetMap tracing.
OpenStreetMap, is a database of free, open sourced and crowd sourced map of the world with over 4
million contributors.
The Philippine Statistics Authority has released its 2015 census in early 2017 giving a glimpse of the
population on where the fault line traverses.
2
Ervin B. Malicdem: Barangays and Buildings Traversed by the Valley Fault System
The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council’s IM-TWG has identified and created in 2016
the latest and authoritative barangay boundaries of the Philippines.
Through the use of freely accessible data, this project aims to identify and quantify the barangays being
traversed by the Valley Fault System, the structures that are within the deformation zone of the fault
and barangay population directly traversed by the fault system.
Background
Since 2010, PHIVOLCS has already released the first version of the map of the Valley Fault System but
the study is only concentrated on the northern portion of Metro Manila. In 2015, they have publicly
released the complete fault line trace all the way from Bulacan then traversing Rizal for the East
segment; and Metro Manila to Cavite and Laguna for the West segment.
The Valley Fault System is a dextral strike-slip type fault that can potentially cause an earthquake with a
strength of 7.2 to 7.6 magnitude. The last known activity of the fault happened in 1658 and 1771 in the
east segment of the Valley Fault System. As for the West segment, there was no record yet thus making
the west segment potentially ripe for movement, having an elasticity of 10-12mm displacement per
year.
The Bohol quake of 2013 and Nepal quake of 2015 has intensified the clamor regarding the potential
quake that can be caused by the valley fault system. These two earthquakes, 7.2M and 7.8M
respectively, are within range of the strength of the potential quake that the Valley Fault System can
cause.
The absence of public documents that identify the structures that can be affected by the quake, in
addition to the passive implementation of policies that promote structural integrity of buildings in
Metro Manila and nearby provinces, demand a greater and more specific information to empower the
people with awareness of their place of dwelling. Through specific information of locations-at-risk, an
implementation of proper zoning can be made that can ensure no structures are built near or on top of
the fault’s deformation zone. Identification of population and infrastructure-at-risk from the potential
earthquake that the Valley fault system can cause must also exist so that the government can prepare
for the magnitude of evacuation, rescue and relief operations that may be needed in case the disaster
happens.
Research Method
Fault Line Trace

PHIVOLCS has first published the Marikina Valley Fault trace in March 2011 through the Geology and
Geophysics R&D division. Schadow1 Expeditions converted this trace to vector data last July 11, 2014
3
and released it through the article, “Interactive Map for the West and East Valley Fault Line on Rizal,
Metro Manila, Laguna and Cavite.” At that time, the published fault line trace terminates to the south
towards Pasig River. In 2015, PHIVOLCS released a newer fault line trace extending until Barangay
Canlubang in Calamba through the VFS-GMMA Atlas. Schadow1 Expeditions re-traced the fault line and
provided a new version in May 2015. The newest trace was then used as a basis for determining
intersecting elements that constitutes as structures traversed by the Valley Fault System.
The fault trace was extended to a buffer of 5-meters each side of the fault as a suggested minimum
distance for avoidance of ground rupture hazard. The buffer distance is then used to identify
infrastructures that are traversed by the fault line. PRS92 Zone 3 (EPSG:3123) was used to calculate
extensions from the actual trace.
Figure 1. Valley Fault System Trace by PHIVOLCS, 2015 and processed 5-meter buffer
using PRS92-3 has reference for distance calculation. Satellite Imagery by
DigitalGlobe.
4
Satellite Imagery
DigitalGlobe has allowed the used of its imagery for OpenStreetMap tracing since May 2017. Using high
resolution and recent imagery layer for OpenStreetMap tracing, most of the buildings are traced and
mapped to the OpenStreetMap database.
Figure 2. DigitalGlobe Satellite Imagery (2016) showing the VFS directly traversing a
mid-rise condominium.
OpenStreetMap data
Building data are extracted from the OpenStreetMap database for identification of buildings directly
traversed by the fault line and its buffer zone. September 7, 2017 database extract was used to identify
and quantify the buildings.
5
Figure 3. OpenStreetMap buildings data extract of September 7, 2017.
Survey
Some of the buildings in the OpenStreetMap database lacked specific information as most of its
buildings data are tagged with a generic data of “building=yes”. Schadow1 Expeditions surveyed the
buildings and updated the data of over 28,374 changes to OpenStreetMap data through 48 changesets.
6
Figure 4. Surveying the fault planes along Barangay Mabuhay in Carmona, Cavite.
Figure 5. Screenshot of a contributions made in OpenStreetMap to modify and add mapping

data from the survey made by Schadow1 Expeditions for the Valley Fault System. Changset
Extraction provided by OSMCha v0.30.0
7
Barangay Boundaries
Using the 2016 barangay boundaries released by the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Council Information Management and Technical Working Group, the structures and population where
segregated according to where they are located.
Figure 6. Showing both the municipal and barangay boundaries directly traversed by
the Valley Fault System.
2015 Census
Using the latest census released by the Philippine Statistics Authority, population traversed by the Valley
Fault system are quantified.
8
2017 Population Estimates

Population projections for 2017 were calculated based from the average on the percent increase in
2000-2005, 2005-2010, and 2010-2005 to quantify the projections for 2017.
(Vrecent − V past )
PR = x100
V past
Where:
PR= percentage rate

V Recent = present value
V Past = past value
Figure 7. Formula used for population estimates for 2017
Results
Valley Fault System Length and Area of Possible Rupture

The Valley Fault System traversed to a length of 146.71 kilometers and is composed of two major fault
segments: (1) The East Valley Fault and (2) The West Valley Fault.
The East Valley fault extends to 17.24 kilometers traversing from Rodriguez (Montalban) of the province
of Rizal on the north, then to San Mateo, also in the province Rizal on the south.
The West Valley fault extends to 129.47 kilometers from Doña Remedios Trinidad in Bulacan, passing
through San Jose del Monte City, and Norzagaray, also in Bulacan. Then traverses to cities in Metro
Manila including Quezon City, Marikina, Pasig, Makati, Taguig, and Muntinlupa. After which, it also
traverses to Cavite and Laguna provinces in south Luzon, namely: San Pedro, Biñan, Carmona, General
Mariano Alvarez, Silang, and Calamba.
Using a five-meter buffer on both sides of the fault line, a total of 2,962.10 square kilometers was
derived and presumed to be the minimal potential area of ground rupture when the 2 fault planes slip
during movement.
9
Barangays Traversed by the Valley Fault System

81 Barangays are identified to be traversed by the Valley Fault System.
Province of Laguna San Jose Del Monte
Biñan • San Isidro
• Biñan Poblacion
• Malamig
Province of Rizal
• San Francisco
Rodriguez
Cabuyao
• Macabud
• Casile
• Manggahan
• Pittland
• Mascap
Calamba • Puray
• San Isidro
• Canlubang
• San Jose
San Pedro • San Rafael
• G.S.I.S. San Mateo

• Magsaysay
• Dulong Bayan 2
• San Antonio
• Guitnang Bayan I
• San Vicente
• Guitnang Bayan II
• Sampaguita Village
• Malanday
• Calendola
• Maly
Santa Rosa City
• Santo Domingo
Province of Cavite
Carmona
Province of Bulacan
• Cabilang Baybay
Doña Remedios Trinidad • Lantic
• Mabuhay
• Kabayunan
• Sapang Bulak General Mariano Alvarez
Norzagaray • Gregoria de Jesus

• Nicolasa Virata
• San Lorenzo
• San Jose
• San Mateo
• Tiniente Tiago
10
Silang
• Cabangaan Pasig
• Inchican
• Bagong Ilog
• Maguyam
• Ugong
• Puting Kahoy
Quezon City
• Libis
Metro Manila
• Pansol
Makati • Ugong Norte
• White Plains
• Comembo
• Bagong Silangan
• East Rembo
• Matandang Balara
• Pembo
• Batasan Hills
• Post Proper Southside
• Bagumbayan
• Rizal
• Blue Ridge B
Marikina
Taguig
• Barangka
• Bagong Tanyag
• Malanday
• Bagumbayan
• Industrial Valley
• Lower Bicutan
• Tumana
• Maharlika Village
Muntinlupa • Central Signal
• Upper Bicutan
• Buli
• Ususan
• Cupang
• Central Bicutan
• Putatan
• North Signal Village
• Sucat
• South Daang Hari
• Poblacion
• South Signal Village
• Tunasan
• Pinagsama
• Alabang
• Bayanan
Affected Structures
A total of 6,331 structures have been identified to be on-top of the Valley Fault Line within the 5-meter
buffer zone as per the intersection of the fault line buffer area and the 2017-09-07 extract of
OpenStreetMap data.
11
Figure 8. Illustration of structures directly traversed by the Valley Fault System with 5-
meter buffer zones along Pasig City.
These buildings are classified according to their purpose.
Building Classification
1. Hotel – an establishment providing temporary accommodation. Motels are also classified in this
category.
2. House – permanent structure for human habitation. Usually a single-detached structure with a
single to 3 storey level or a row house in an attached-type structure for residential purposes.
3. Condominium – a mid-rise to high-rise building used for human habitation.
4. Industrial – structure used for manufacturing.
5. Warehouse – structure used as storage of agricultural and industrial supplies.
6. Retail – structure used as a place for selling goods
7. Commercial – structure used for commerce and office spaces.
8. Public – structure used by the government and as public venues of communities.
9. Hospital – used for healthcare
10. School – Colleges, universities, high schools, elementary schools and other educational
institutions.
11. Unspecified – generic classification of buildings to where its specific purpose is unknown or has
not yet been specifically identified in the OpenStreetMap database.
12
Figure 9. Table of Structures and its classification that are directly traversed by the
Valley Fault System.
For a complete list of the buildings and its classifications, please refer to Annex A.
Private Subdivisions and Villages

There are over 99 villages, subdivisions and residential buildings traversed by the Valley Fault System.
Some of the subdivisions are still being developed as this study was created.
Biñan, Laguna • Villa Olympia 4

• Villa Olympia 6
• Juana 3 Subdivision
• Chrysanthemum Village
• Rosario Village
• Harmony Homes
Calamba, Laguna
• Sitio Buntog
Carmona, Cavite
San Pedro, Laguna
• Canyon Ranch
• Adelina 1 Homes
• Moderno Homes Phase 3
• Adelina 2 Homes
• United San Pedro Subdivision
• Reaville
• Stonecrest
13
General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite • Dreamhome Ville

• Highway Homes Subidivsion
• Manila Southwoods Pahara
• Capri Subdivision
• Manila Southwoods Peak V
• Mariategue Compound
• Susana Heights Subdivision
• Muntinlupa Bliss
Silang, Cavite
• Villa Carolina Subdivision
• San Miguel Wedgewoods • Bruger Subdivision
• Ayala Westgrove Heights Phase 1 • Country Homes Alabang
• Miami Forbes Golf City • Gruenville Subdivision
• Sitio Muzon • Lake Homes View 1
• Midland Subdivision
• Bagong Paraiso Compound
Marikina • Sunrise Subdivision
• Sto. Niño Subdivision Phase 1
• Ateneo Employees Housing Project
• Sto. Niño Subdivision Phase 2-4
• Cinco Hermanos Subdivision
• Dela Costa Housing
• Loyola Grand Villas
Pasig
• Montevista Village
• Industrial Valley Complex • Kawilihan Village
• Valle Verde 1
• Valle Verde 3
• Valle Verde 4
• Valle Verde 5
Muntinlupa
• Valle Verde 6
• Tribeca Private Residences • Valle Verde 6-A
• Escalade South Metro • Valle Verde 6-B
• JPA Subdivision • Luntalla Valle Verde
• Liberty Homes • Robinsons Circle
• Up Side Subdivision
• Posadas Village
• Doña Rosario Heights Subdivision
• Doña Rosario Bayview Subdivision
Quezon City
• Camella Homes 3
• R.M. Tiosejo Subdivision • Area 5 Sitio Veterans
• Villa Carolina I • Filinvest Heights
• Lodora Village • Filinvest Heights II
• L and B II Compound • Northview Subdivision I
• F. de Castro Compound • Garland Woodcrest Forest Subdivision
• Estehonor Compound • Buenavista Ville Subdivision
• Joesmerry Subdivision • White Plains Subdivision
• Park Homes • Green Meadows Subdivision
14
• Blue Ridge Subdivision

• Capitol Park Homes Subdivision
Villages traversed by the East Valley Fault
• Sunnyside Heights Subdivision
• Acropolis Rodriguez, Rizal
• La Vista Subdivision
• Christineville
• Spring Country
• Mediterranean Heights Phase 1
• The Prominence
• Litex Village
• Vista Real Classica
• Phase 1-A Sub Urban
• Villa Amor Uno
• Gloria Vista Subdivision
• Loyola Subdivision
• Tagumpay Village
• Joville 3
• Hillside Subdivision
Taguig
• Pinagsama Village
• Perpetual Village X San Mateo, Rizal
• Villa San Mateo
Educational Institutions
There are about 19 schools, colleges and universities that are on the West Valley Fault Line, to which 29
of their buildings are directly constructed on top of the fault line. These schools must immediately
evacuate the premises in case of an earthquake due to the possibility of collapse when the dextral slip-
type fault collides during movement.
• Marikina - Barangka Elementary School, Mother of Angels, Center for Family Ministries
• Muntinlupa - Pedro E. Diaz High School, Alabang Elementary School, West Bay College, St. Peter
School of Alabang, Buli Elementary School, Servite School
• Quezon City - Ateneo Grade School, Ateneo de Manila University
• Rodriguez (Montalban) - Macabud High School
• San Pedro, Laguna - Adelina Complex Elementary School
• Santa Rosa City - Saint Scholastica's College Westgrove
• Taguig - Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Army's Angels Integrated School, Sto. Niño
Catholic School, Ann Claire Montessori, Gracel Christian College Foundation, Inc.
See Annex C for the complete list of infrastructures traversed by the Valley Fault System.
15
Affected Population
About 2,503,073 people are residing in 81 barangays directly traversed by the Valley Fault Line as per
2017 population estimates based from the 2015 census of the Philippine Statistics Authority.
Muntinlupa has the most number of population traversed by the West Valley fault, with 500,374 people
residing in its eight barangays. While Barangay Batasan Hills of Quezon City is the most populated
barangay traversed by the Valley Fault System with 167,187.
Figure 10. Chart of 2017 estimates of population of barangays traversed by the Valley
Fault System.
16
Figure 11. Chart of 2017 estimates of population of cities traversed by the Valley
Fault System.
A list of population estimates for 2017 traversed by the Valley fault system is available in Annex B.
17
Annexes
Annex A. Buildings traversed by the Valley Fault System
OSM ID Building Type City / Municipality Name

521321802 house Calamba
516537389 house Silang
410421631 unspecified Silang
18

199761501 commercial Silang BPI Ayala Westgrove
459846452 worship Silang St. Benedict worship
409654174 condominium Silang
19

421008799 house Biñan
421009062 unspecified Biñan
421009131 unspecified Biñan
20

21

423984442 house General Mariano Alvarez
423984493 unspecified General Mariano Alvarez
22

422136206 commercial General Mariano Alvarez
23

422136448 commercial General Mariano Alvarez
422144568 unspecified General Mariano Alvarez
516535490 house Carmona
24

412355424 unspecified Carmona
412355674 unspecified Carmona
258756011 unspecified San Pedro
259680920 house San Pedro
25

26

286026877 public San Pedro Adelina 1 Covered Court
286028425 industrial San Pedro MMG Industrial
286028450 industrial San Pedro MMG Industrial
27

286860023 commercial San Pedro Orchard Leaf Apparel
408669546 commercial San Pedro
408879152 industrial San Pedro Cementaid
408879157 industrial San Pedro
408879161 warehouse San Pedro
416443527 industrial San Pedro United Polyresins
416443528 warehouse San Pedro
28

420232407 house San Pedro Santos Sari-Sari Store
29

506003937 industrial San Pedro
515136356 industrial San Pedro Iglesia ni Cristo
30

516543680 industrial San Pedro Tabaqueria de Filipinas
31

32

33

34

34129226 unspecified Muntinlupa
52173316 retail Muntinlupa Ultra Mega Supermarket
52173318 commercial Muntinlupa Yokohama Tire Center
206618372 public Muntinlupa SSS
206624548 retail Muntinlupa
275467600 worship Muntinlupa Aglipay worship
275479061 house Muntinlupa
35

275482701 school Muntinlupa St. Peter School of Alabang
275484672 retail Muntinlupa 7-Eleven
285170712 industrial Muntinlupa Amkor Technology
285219634 industrial Muntinlupa
285220779 warehouse Muntinlupa
285220791 warehouse Muntinlupa United Power Systems
36

285239898 school Muntinlupa Alabang Elementary School
285239935 school Muntinlupa Alabang Elementary School
285239946 school Muntinlupa
37

286120797 commercial Muntinlupa
38

39

287668313 commercial Muntinlupa Omni Arcade
287668321 commercial Muntinlupa JMS International - NMS Center
288171343 hospital Muntinlupa Muntinlupa Health Center (Main)
288913803 commercial Muntinlupa King Harold Memorial worships
305509982 worship Muntinlupa Evangelical worship of Muntinlupa (UCCP)
315705973 condominium Muntinlupa
353501557 worship Muntinlupa Our Lady Of The Abandoned Parish
361271395 commercial Muntinlupa Elizabeth Center
361271426 hospital Muntinlupa
363481069 commercial Muntinlupa Pat-Rey Building
368317576 commercial Muntinlupa Port Area Tire Building
368397832 commercial Muntinlupa Max's
40
369128119 retail Muntinlupa SM Center Muntinlupa

408653234 commercial Muntinlupa Arbar Building
408663966 commercial Muntinlupa Amkor Building
409985675 retail Muntinlupa Starmall Alabang
410050495 worship Muntinlupa Saint Andrew the Apostle Parish
41

411530244 condominium Muntinlupa
42

420487498 school Muntinlupa Servite School
427036511 retail Muntinlupa Edna Duran Building
439537567 retail Muntinlupa Delmar's Woodworks and Wood Parquet
43

44

451498906 retail Muntinlupa Tiles Bargain Center
505958857 retail Muntinlupa Generika Drugstore
45

505989010 hospital Muntinlupa
46

47

516543184 school Muntinlupa West Bay College
48

49

516543368 house Muntinlupa Pedro Diaz High School
516543380 worship Muntinlupa Pentecostal Missionary worship of Christ (4th Watch)
516543381 worship Muntinlupa Pentecostal Missionary worship of Christ (4th Watch)
50

51

52

53

516543532 public Muntinlupa Putatan Barangay Hall
54
516543554 commercial Muntinlupa Kanyaw

55

56

57

58

516544643 industrial Muntinlupa Mitsubishi Electric
516547429 house Muntinlupa Escalade South Metro Clubhouse
516547430 condominium Muntinlupa Building B Escalade South Metro
516547431 condominium Muntinlupa Building A Escalade South Metro
59
516547456 condominium Muntinlupa Gramercy Towers

516547462 condominium Muntinlupa Hudson Towers
60

61

521321899 commercial Muntinlupa Patdus Building
62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

521323002 worship Muntinlupa
77

33164418 public Taguig Standards and Testing Division
238048651 school Taguig Army's Angels Integrated School
264992423 industrial Taguig
78

265033850 unspecified Taguig
265157397 school Taguig Sto. Niño Catholic School
265174694 house Taguig
274225516 condominium Taguig
79

80

81

285170380 commercial Taguig
285291917 industrial Taguig Hycco Laboratories Company Incorporated
82
286100770 public Taguig

286218770 condominium Taguig
83

286604915 school Taguig
286833646 school Taguig Ann Claire Montessori
84
286833663 worship Taguig

286834279 condominium Taguig Maharlika Islamic Condominium
85

288867435 worship Taguig Fatima worship
86

288894651 worship Taguig Blue worship
87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

443353795 retail Taguig
443353806 retail Taguig Gloria Salazar Store
102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

101475724 public Makati East Rembo Covered Court
101475725 public Makati East Rembo Barangay Hall
145078321 public Makati East Rembo Multipurpose Bldg
264887463 house Makati
284835053 unspecified Makati
113

114

115

116

117

118

119

287012270 commercial Makati
120

121

122

123

124

117341038 house Pasig
118564222 hotel Pasig Victoria Court Canley
131940882 public Pasig Basketball court
131940885 commercial Pasig
141449782 unspecified Pasig
261161131 industrial Pasig
261166951 public Pasig Kawilihan Basketball Court
125

261634047 warehouse Pasig Universal Robina Corporation
126

127

128

129

521323215 condominium Pasig Phoenix Heights Condominium
52872085 retail Marikina
93320680 school Marikina Barangka National High School
107394781 school Marikina
114514519 unspecified Marikina
116705944 house Marikina
119409708 house Marikina Mother of Angels
130

119525070 house Marikina Barangka Talyer and Fitness Center
120374782 commercial Marikina 7-Eleven
120374800 school Marikina Barangka Elementary School
131

121222291 commercial Marikina
132

133

160457563 school Marikina JM Lucas Infirmary
160693277 school Marikina
134

135

136

316652658 commercial Marikina SONOLUX Asia
316652659 commercial Marikina CLCP
316682838 school Marikina Center for Family and Ministries
137

138

139

140

116557949 unspecified Quezon City
118693849 warehouse Quezon City Mercury Drug Corporation
260564177 house Quezon City
263665442 unspecified Quezon City commercialwarehouse
141

142

143

279928057 commercial Quezon City
144

145

285035414 worship Quezon City Our Lady of Mount Carmel
285035420 commercial Quezon City ASCOM Research and Developmen Center
146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158
516562632 house San Mateo

521322336 warehouse San Mateo
159

160

161

521321614 house Rodriguez
162

280173034 unspecified Rodriguez
163

516555891 retail Rodriguez
164

432746434 warehouse Rodriguez
390181331 school Rodriguez
390181332 school Rodriguez
390181333 school Rodriguez Macabud High School
165

166

167

168

169

170

521323801 house Norzagaray
516559487 warehouse Norzagaray
516559488 warehouse Norzagaray
521323780 house San Jose Del Monte
171

Annex B. 2017 Population Estimates of Barangays Traversed by VFS

Calamba
2017 Canlubang 56910
Mun./Brgy. Population est. Calamba Total 56910
Binan Carmona
Malamig 4209 Cabilang Baybay 8371
San Francisco 29695 Lantic 20159
Binan 4298 Mabuhay 10456
Binan Total 38202 Carmona Total 38986
Cabuyao Dona Remedios Trinidad
Casile 4296 Kabayunan 1807
Pittland 3351 Sapang Bulak 2714
Cabuyao Total 7647 Dona Remedios Trinidad Total 4521
172
General Mariano Alvarez Blue Ridge B 1762

Gregoria De Jesus 10716 Libis 4162
Nicolasa Virata (san Jose) 6324 Matandang Balara 73565
San Jose 4251 Pansol 35466
Tiniente Tiago 3374 Ugong Norte 10309
General Mariano Alvarez White Plains 4903
Total 24664 Quezon City Total 403142
Makati Rodriguez
Comembo 17420 Macabud 10055
East Rembo 29120 Manggahan 14411
Pembo 58786 Mascap 4867
Post Proper Southside 54305 Puray 4061
Rizal 44161 San Isidro 121476
Makati Total 203793 San Jose 129338
Marikina San Rafael 28957
Barangka 19166 Rodriguez Total 313165
Industrial Valley 16568 San Jose del Monte
Malanday 57427 San Isidro 5973
Tumana 44787 San Jose del Monte Total 5973
Marikina Total 137948 San Mateo
Muntinlupa Dulong Bayan Ii 9091
Alabang 66077 Guitnang Bayan I 31693
Bayanan 37986 Guitnang Bayan Ii (pob.) 17860
Buli 9625 Malanday 16269
Cupang 60419 Maly 14361
Poblacion 119518 San Mateo Total 89276
Putatan 92209 San Pedro
Sucat 59563 Calendola 4897
Tunasan 54978 Gsis 2970
Muntinlupa Total 500374 Magsaysay 12608
Norzagaray Sampaguita 5938
San Lorenzo 2061 San Antonio 63627
San Mateo 8939 San Vicente 27064
Norzagaray Total 11000 San Pedro Total 117104
Pasig Santa Rosa
Bagong Ilog 17398 Sto. Domingo 4238
Ugong 23316 Santa Rosa Total 4238
Pasig Total 40714 Silang
Quezon City Carmen 2596
Bagong Silangan 91460 Inchican 5561
Bagumbayan 14327 Maguyam 12136
Batasan Hills 167187 Puting Kahoy 14131
173
Silang Total 34425 North Signal Village 33262

Taguig Pinagsama 59396
Bagong Tanyag 23524 South Daang Hari 19852
Bagumbayan 42142 South Signal Village 40618
Central Bicutan 29733 Upper Bicutan 42692
Central Signal 41094 Ususan 56126
Lower Bicutan 58786 Taguig Total 470989
Maharlika Village 23765 Grand Total 2503073
Annex C. Infrastructures Traversed by VFS

Infrastructures traversed by the Valley Fault System.
OSM ID Building Type City Name Landuse Amenity

4893585 Marikina Loyola Memorial Park cemetery
19018647 Marikina Riverbanks Center retail
Quezon
25775190 City Ateneo Grade School school
Quezon
27240632 City White Plains Subdivision residential
27241434 Pasig Valle Verde 3 residential
27651178 Green Meadows Subdivision residential
28993482 residential
29100952 Taguig City Pinagsama Village residential
30988610 Tribeca Private Residences residential
31234921 Mitsubishi Electric industrial
32001356 Escalade South Metro residential
32713532 J. M. Basa Compound residential
32715369 Pasig Valle Verde 6 residential
32836222 brownfield
33164568 Camp Bagong Diwa military
33833072 Taguig Mañalac Industrial Estate industrial
36685670 Taguig Department of Science and Technology commercial
39213373 Uratex industrial
39891592 industrial
46331655 Marikina Barangka Elementary School school
174
49050532 Universal Robina Corporation industrial

50979776 Blue Ridge Subdivision residential
Quezon
51062061 City Capitol Park Homes Subdivision residential
52098516 Muntinlupa JPA Subdvision residential
53268754 Sunnyside Heights Subdivision residential
55479536 Acropolis residential
65607412 Liberty Homes residential
65607420 industrial
65607591 Muntinlupa UP Side Subdivision residential
71537410 Pasig Valle Verde 6-B residential
72678375 Muntinlupa Starmall Alabang retail
77321806 Muntinlupa residential
77321813 Muntinlupa Pedro E. Diaz High School school
77321815 Muntinlupa Shell retail fuel
80911128 Biñan Chrysanthemum Subdivision residential
86479290 parking
Quezon
91368788 City Northview Subdivision 1 residential
91843065 San Pedro Rosario Village residential
91843092 grass
93175973 Muntinlupa Posadas Village residential
93175974 Muntinlupa Doña Rosario Heights Subdivision residential
101475725 public Makati East Rembo Barangay Hall townhall
107017067 Buntog residential
110610506 Doña Rosario Bayview Subdivision residential
110610525 parking
112332495 Taguig Polytechnic University of the Philippines university
116557466 commercial
119409718 San Jose Manggagawa place_of_worship
119409741 Marikina Mother of Angels school
119525070 house Marikina Barangka Talyer and Fitness Center public_building
126763920 La Vista Subdivision residential
131228339 Muntinlupa SM Center Muntinlupa retail
175
131940058 Pasig Phoenix Subdivision residential
137620614 Camella Homes 3 residential
137620622 R. M. Tiosejo Subdivision residential
137620630 Villa Carolina I residential
137620674 Midland Subd. residential
137620675 RMT industrial
137620681 San Pedro United San Pedro Subdivision residential
137620683 grass
137620685 Lodora Village residential
Quezon
138294127 City Ateneo de Manila University university
141449751 Robinson Circle residential
145078321 public Makati East Rembo Multipurpose Bldg community_centre
145663493 Carmona San Lazaro Leisure and Business Park commercial
145663539 Canyon Ranch residential
145892379 Biñan Juana 3 residential
145894083 Biñan Villa Olympia 4 residential
145894085 Biñan Villa Olympia 6 residential
153318659 Rodriguez Phase 1-A Sub Urban residential
Quezon
160457563 school City JM Lucas Infirmary hospital
160888569 La Marea residential
165279953 Ateneo Employees Housing Project residential
171616119 Muntinlupa Alabang Elementary School school
171616136 Muntinlupa West Bay College school
197152376 industrial
197152377 industrial
199761498 Westgrove Plaza parking
199761499 Westgrove Plaza commercial
218550749 Muntinlupa L and B II Compound residential
238048651 school Taguig Army's Angels Integrated School school
257429330 FAULT LINE residential
265157397 school Taguig Sto. Niño Catholic School school
275467600 church Muntinlupa Aglipay Church place_of_worship
275467602 Muntinlupa F. de Castro Compound residential
275482701 school Muntinlupa St. Peter School of Alabang school
275616385 Estehonor Compound residential
176
276173558 railway
277480732 house Muntinlupa residential
277480733 house Muntinlupa residential
278132742 farmland
278132743 farmland
278132744 farmland
278132745 farmland
278135561 farmland
278156713 farmland
279129486 grass
280521782 Muntinlupa Jesus The Good Shepherd Church place_of_worship
280521783 Park Homes residential
280521803 Dreamhome Ville residential
Quezon
285035414 church City Our Lady of Mount Carmel place_of_worship
Quezon
Quezon
Quezon
285199310 forest
285857963 forest
286833646 school Taguig Ann Claire Montessori school
288171344 Muntinlupa Phoenix retail fuel
288308427 railway
288867435 chapel Taguig Fatima Chapel place_of_worship
288894651 mosque Taguig Blue Mosque place_of_worship
288913802 Muntinlupa Highway Homes Subdivision residential
305509982 church Muntinlupa Evangelical Church of Muntinlupa (UCCP) place_of_worship
315705970 Capri Subdivision residential
316682835 parking
317245544 Carmona Moderno Homes Phase 3 residential
353501557 church Our Lady Of The Abandoned Parish place_of_worship
355037445 farmland
355119731 MMG Industrial Complex I industrial
364930079 Biñan De La Salle University Laguna Campus university
365875627 Planas Compound residential
368397832 commercial Muntinlupa Max's restaurant
368397833 Muntinlupa Petron fuel
374649849 San Pedro United Polyresins Inc. industrial
177
Quezon
379241341 City Mercury Drug Corporation industrial
390181333 school Rodriguez Macabud High School school
390181337 farmland
390181339 farmland
391697580 San Pedro Adelina Complex Elementary School school
409964406 Reaville residential
410050495 church Saint Andrew the Apostle Parish place_of_worship
410058145 San Pedro Adelina 1 residential
410443904 Cher garages
416157741 San Pedro Adelina 2 Homes residential
420487487 Muntinlupa Servite School school
431495712 grass
437970075 San Pedro Tesco industrial
Quezon
440718296 City Spring Country residential
Quezon
440895655 City The Prominence residential
441815009 Muntinlupa Buli Elementary School school
453655510 Cinco Hermanos Subdivision residential
459846450 Silang Miami Forbes Golf City residential
459846451 Santa Rosa Saint Scholastica's College Westgrove college
459846452 church St. Benedict Church place_of_worship
460689666 San Jose Public Market marketplace
461494071 Mariategue Compound residential
484448041 Patdu Business Park commercial
489403481 Muntinlupa Substation industrial
502711415 San Pedro Public Cemetery cemetery
505213332 Muntinlupa Our Lady of Miraculous Medal Parish place_of_worship
505958528 Taguig place_of_worship
505958857 retail Muntinlupa Generika Drugstore pharmacy
516543380 church Muntinlupa Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch) place_of_worship
516543381 church Muntinlupa Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ (4th Watch) place_of_worship
516543489 retail Muntinlupa fuel
516543532 public Muntinlupa Putatan Barangay Hall townhall
516543554 commercial Muntinlupa Kanyaw restaurant
516547429 house Muntinlupa Escalade South Metro Clubhouse community_centre
Quezon
516555891 retail City fuel
518360044 Rodriguez Gloria Vista Subdivision residential
178
518476901 Rodriguez Mediterranean Heights Phase 1 residential

518476902 Silang Ayala Westgrove Heights Phase 1 residential
Quezon
518478074 City Garland Woodcrest Forest Subdivision residential
521979467 Pasig Suzuki Philippines Plant industrial
522001143 Taguig Ann Claire Montessori school
522001149 Taguig Gracel Christian College Foundation Inc. college
522011000 DOST Biodiversity Park village_green
522011011 Taguig Maharlika Islamic Condominium residential
522013343 DOST Biodiversity Park village_green
522013354 Taguig Maharlika Islamic Condominium residential
Conclusions and Recommendations

The Valley Fault segments traverses to a densely populated area in the Philippines to which most of the
structures directly on top of the fault are primarily houses. It is important that the government tags each
of the specific houses that are directly in danger of ground rupture and relocate the families living in the
area.
The government should also pass and implement stricter rules and policies for zoning and proactively
implement the national building code. This is to ensure buildings and houses are earthquake resilient
while those areas that are in the deformation zone are not developed for housing and structures for
public gathering and habitation are not built.
Emergency procedures must be in place to evacuate people due to the 2.5 million people living in
barangays that are directly traversed by the fault. The procedures must be made available to the local
government units down to the level of Homeowners Associations to which about 99 of those traversed
are gated communities.
Awareness must be made to the nuclear level of communities, the families. For appropriate measures
when the earthquake strikes. This includes the first response during an earthquake depending on the
location, and the next place to go during emergencies. Information on nearest medical facilities and
evacuation centers must be prepared.
Each family must be equipped with survival bags that contain food supplies, water, clothing, and first-aid
kits that are sufficient to last for at least 3 days.
Acknowledgments
For the support provided by my wife, Evelyn Malicdem who has been around assisting me on my
mapping surveys and activities. Gratitude for the readers, followers, and supporters of Schadow1
Expeditions, the travel and mapping resource website for the Philippines. Special thanks to those who
donated in the past to ensure Schadow1 Expeditions provides and serves the GPS routable map of the
Philippines.
179
Correspondence
Ervin B. Malicdem, Schadow1 Expeditions. 1003 Crimson Road, Las Piñas City, Philippines. Phone +63
(915) 3387659; email: schadow1@s1expeditions.com
References
Philippine Population Density (Based on 2015 Census of Population).
https://psa.gov.ph/content/philippine-population-density-based-2015-census-population
Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay as of August 1, 2015 for Region 4A, Metro
Manila and Region 3. Philippine Statistics Authority.
Marikina Valley Fault line map, February 2000. Active Faults Mapping Group, DOST – PHIVOLCS Geology
& Geophysics R&D Division.
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&itemid=500024
Valley Fault System – General Metro Manila Area Atlas, DOST-PHIVOLCS, 2014.
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/images/VFS-Atlas/index.html
5-meter rupture avoidance, VFS-GMMA pp.20-49 . through NDRRMC

http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1457/vfs-pages20-49.pdf
Barangay boundaries. COD, CAFOD team, National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council,
Information Management – Technical Working Group
DigitalGlobe Premium Satellite Imagery layer on Java OpenStreetMap editor (JOSM)
DigitalGlobe and its use for opensource tracing and verification in OpenStreetMap.
https://forum.openstreetmap.org/viewtopic.php?id=58339
OpenStreetMap Contributors, Open Database License 2017-09-07 data extract
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Information 3 for the Mw 7.2 earthquake in Bohol

http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/html/update_SOEPD/2013_Earthquake_Bulletins/October/2013_1015
_0012_B3F.html
United States Geological Survey 2015 Nepal Earthquake bulletin.

https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20002926
Nelson, Alan R.; Personius, Stephen F.; Rimando, Rolly E.; Punongbayan, Raymundo S.; Tungol, Norman;
Mirabueno, Hannah; Rasdas, Ariel (2000). "Multiple Large Earthquakes in the Past 1500 Years on a Fault
in Metropolitan Manila, the Philippines". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. Seismological
Society of America. 90 (1): 84. doi:10.1785/0119990002.
Google Earth, © Landsat / Copernicus
OSMCha v0.30.0 for changesets extraction of edits made by Schadow1 Expeditions for the Valley Fault
System buildings identification. https://osmcha-django-
staging.tilestream.net/?filters=%7B%22date__gte%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%222017-08-
180
01%22%2C%22value%22%3A%222017-08-
01%22%7D%5D%2C%22date__lte%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%222017-09-
17%22%2C%22value%22%3A%222017-09-
17%22%7D%5D%2C%22users%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22schadow1%22%2C%22value%22%3
A%22schadow1%22%7D%5D%2C%22comment%22%3A%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22vfs%22%2C%22va
lue%22%3A%22vfs%22%7D%5D%7D
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Barangays and Buildings Traversed by the Valley Fault System

Technical Report · September 2017

The Athalon Invasion View project

Taal Volcano Eruption 2020 - Evacuation Center Mapping View project

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

© Ervin Malicdem 2017. CC Attribution 4.0 License.

Barangays and Buildings Traversed by the

Correspondence to: Ervin B. Malicdem (schadow1@s1expeditions.com)

DigitalGlobe, a company operating sophisticated satellite constellations in orbit capturing high-

Fault Line Trace

Figure 3. OpenStreetMap buildings data extract of September 7, 2017.

Figure 5. Screenshot of a contributions made in OpenStreetMap to modify and add mapping

2017 Population Estimates

PR= percentage rate

Figure 7. Formula used for population estimates for 2017

Valley Fault System Length and Area of Possible Rupture

Barangays Traversed by the Valley Fault System

Province of Laguna San Jose Del Monte

Biñan • San Isidro

• G.S.I.S. San Mateo

Norzagaray • Gregoria de Jesus

These buildings are classified according to their purpose.

Private Subdivisions and Villages

Biñan, Laguna • Villa Olympia 4

General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite • Dreamhome Ville

• Blue Ridge Subdivision

• Villa San Mateo

Annex A. Buildings traversed by the Valley Fault System

OSM ID Building Type City / Municipality Name

516537401 house Silang

409906233 condominium Silang

421009150 house Biñan

516535593 house Biñan

421214045 house General Mariano Alvarez

422136289 house General Mariano Alvarez

516535495 house Carmona

259681270 house San Pedro

259885375 house San Pedro

286859413 house San Pedro

420232364 house San Pedro

420741977 unspecified San Pedro

516543677 house San Pedro

516543721 house San Pedro

521321853 house San Pedro

521322412 house San Pedro

522051777 house San Pedro

275482699 house Muntinlupa

285221024 industrial Muntinlupa

285303473 house Muntinlupa

286121038 house Muntinlupa

286204423 unspecified Muntinlupa

369128119 retail Muntinlupa SM Center Muntinlupa

411524583 house Muntinlupa

411586205 house Muntinlupa

439861773 house Muntinlupa

443536620 house Muntinlupa

505971176 house Muntinlupa

505995299 unspecified Muntinlupa

516543156 house Muntinlupa

516543198 house Muntinlupa

516543342 house Muntinlupa