IDEAL INDIAN SCHOOL

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

RECTIFIER

NAME: HAJIRA NYSA

CLASS:12 E
ROLL NO:
 IDEAL INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA-QATAR

P.O.BOX:2836
DOHA-QATAR

PHYSICS PROJECT WORK

DONE AND SUBMITTED BY:
HAJIRA NYSA

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR

CLASS XII COURSE 2023-2024

SUPERVISED BY:
MR. RAJARAJAN
TEACHER IN CHARGE
IDEAL INDIAN SCHOOL
DOHA QATAR

SCHOOL SEAL
 IDEAL INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA-QATAR
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Hajira Nysa of class XII F

has done the Physics project work during the academic year 2023-
2024 at Ideal Indian School, Doha Qatar.

Her examination roll number is:

Name of PGT:

Date: Signature:

Principal Signature:

Submitter to All-Indian Senior School Certificate Examination in

physics (Practical)conducted at Ideal Indian School

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Name:_____________________ Name:_____________________
Signature:__________________ Signature:__________________
School:_____________________ School:_____________________
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to

express my sincere gratitude to the Almighty for
providing me with the right resources, and
ideas strength in order to help me
accomplish this project.

Secondly I would like to thank my physics

teacher Mr.Rajarajan for the vital support and genuine
guidance throughout without
which this project would not have been
successful.

Last but not least I would like to thank

my family and friends for their constant support
and encouragement in the completion
of this project
 OBJECTIVE
To construct a Full Wave Bridge rectifier and show that
the (AC alternating current is rectified into a direct
current (DC).

The aim is to:

1. Understand Rectification
2. Explain center tapped full wave rectification.
3. Explain Bridge Full Wave Rectification.
 Introduction
In half wave rectification, either the positive or
negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the
other half is blocked.Because only one half of the
input waveform reaches the output, it is very
inefficient if used for power transfer.A full-wave
rectifier is exactly the same as the half-wave, but
allows unidirectional current through the load during
the entire sinusoidal cycle (as opposed to only half
the cycle in the half-wave). A full-wave rectifier
converts the whole of the input waveform to one of
constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output.
Let us see our half wave rectifier example and
deduce the circuit. So, we have seen that this rectifier
circuit consists of two sources which have a phase
difference along with two diodes. When V1 is
positive, V2 is negative. Hence the top diode will be
a short and the bottom diode will be an open. On the
other hand, when Vs1 is negative, Vs2 is positive.
Hence the bottom diode will be on and the top diode
will be an open circuit.SearA full-wave rectifier can
be constructed using Center-Tapped transformer -
which give us two shifted sinusoids so that exactly
one of the waveforms is positive at one time and two
diodes. As compared to the half wave rectifier we use
two diodes instead of one, one of the two diodes
remains in conduction in both of the half cycles. At
any point in time, only one of the diodes is forward
biased. This allows for continuous
conduction through load.
MATERIALS REQUIRED

• Connecting Wires
• A Plug Single lead wire - 2m
• Three Nuts & Bolts 2-3 cm length
• Circuit board
• A Transformer (12 V)
• A Resistor
• p-n junction diode (4 nos)
• A LED
• Insulation Tape, Blades, Soldering Wax,
Soldering Iron, Soldering Lead & Sand Paper
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PROCEDURE
• Take the transformer and attach it to one end of the
circuit board. Attach the plug with the wire of
desired length and connect it to the transformer AC.
Now, take four diodes and connect the 4 diodes into
a loop. Connect the anode of diode D1 to the anode
of D2.

• Connect the cathode of D2 to anode of D3 connect

the cathode of D3 to anode of D4 and connect the
anode of D4 to cathode of D1. The output of
transformers should be connected to A and C. Now,
take two capacitor and connect its -ve terminal to
negative and +ve terminal to +ve. And connect both
the capacitors to B and D. Connect a resistor and a
LED to the capacitor. Attach wire from the
capacitors and connect it to the output device.
 WORKING
• When the AC is supplied to the transformer, it step
down the 240V main supply to 12V. It has a
capability of delivering 700mA. The 12 volts AC
appearing across the secondary is the RMS value.
The four diodes labelled Di to Da are arranged in
"series pairs" with only two diodes conducting
current during each half cycle. The four diodes
labelled Di to D4 are arranged in "series pairs" with
only two diodes conducting current during each
half cycle. During the positive half cycle of the
supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series while
diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the
current flows through the load as shown below.

• The positive half cycle

• During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes
D3 and D4 conduct in series, but diodes D1 and D2
switch OFF" as they are now reverse biased. The
current flowing through the load is the same
direction as before.

• The negative half cycle

• In subsequent Half cycles of the AC Current the

above process are repeated. In both the half cycles
it is clear that current flows through the resistor in
only one direction.Even though the voltage across
load is unidirectional it will still contains a few AC
components. This is filtered and made smooth
using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the AC
current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output
voltage. Capacitor also nearly filters all AC
components from supply and resistance is adjusted
for the required output..
• As this is a simple circuit, two capacitors and one
resistor are being used. The output Direct Current
and voltage light up the LED and other source
connected with it.
Observations and results
 CONCLUSION
• Rectifiers are found in all power supplies that
operate from an ac voltage source. Also the rectifier
is used as a power supply unit. The rectifier
converts the ac input voltage to a pulsating de
voltage. The filter eliminates the fluctuations in the
rectified voltage and produces a relatively smooth
de voltage.The regulator is a circuit that maintains
a constant voltage for variations in the input line

•
Bibliography
• Physics lab manual
• Wikipedia
• www.google.com
• www.olabs.edu.in