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Physics Project
Physics Project
Physics Project
Academy, bhopal
2015-2016
To find refractive
indices of water and
turpentine oil
CERTIFICATE
2 APPARATUS 2
3 THEORY 2
4 PROCEDURE 3
5 OBSERVATION 6
6 CALCULATION 7
7 RESULT 8
8 PRECAUTION 8
9 SOURCES OF ERROR 9
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10
Objective
TOFINDREFRACTIVEINDICESOF
WATERAND
TURPENTINEOILUSINGAPALNEMI
RROR,AN
EQUICONVEXLENS(MADEOFGLAS
SOF
KNOWNREFRACTIVEINDEX)ANDA
N ADJUSTABLEOBJECTNEEDLE
Apparatus:
A convex lens, an optical needle, a plane mirror, a clamp
stand, a spherometer, a plumb line, metre scale, water and
turpentine oil.
Theory:
Let’s add small amount of water on a flat, plane surface and
place a convex lens over it. This forms a plano-concave lens of
water between the lower surface of convex lens and plane
mirror.
Let f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of water lens and convex lens
respectively, then focal length of the combination is:
1 1 1
F =f 1+f 2
1 1 1
= −
The focal length of the plano-concave lens is,
f1 F f2 …(i)
( )
1 1 1
From Lens Maker’s formula, f =( μ−1 ) R1 − R2
1
1
μ−1 ¿
=( R
∴ ∞
R1 = R and R2 = for water lens.
∴ R
The refractive index of water is μ=1+
f1 …(ii)
,
Procedure:
(ii) Place the plane mirror with the convex lens placed
on it above the horizontal base of a clamp stand
horizontally as its tip lies vertically above the optical
centre of the lens. Adjust the needle at a height a little
more than the rough focal length of the convex lens.
(iv) Note the distance of the tip of the needle from the
centre of the upper surface of the lens. Let it be x1.
(Use plumb line).
Pour few drops of water over the plane mirror and place
the
convex lens over it. Repeat steps (ii) to (iv) as done
above.
Repeat the procedure with turpentine oil also.
Observations
mirror X1 mirror
X2
Without 1 30.5 31 30.75 f1 =
liquid 2 36.7 37.2 36.95 33.8
5
With 1 31.4 31.8 31.6 f2=3
water 2 37.5 38.1 37.8 4.7
With oil 1 9.4 9.6 9.5 f3=1
2 10.4 10,6 10.5 0
CALCULATIONS
Mean distance between two legs
AB + BC
l=
+CA
3 =3 cm
Mean h = 0.7557 cm
To find the radius of curvature of the convex lens:
l + h =2.27366 cm
2
R=
6 2
h
R 2.27366
μ =1+ =1+ =1.06552
1
f2 34.7
R 2.27366
μ =1+ =1+ =1.22736
2
f3 10
Result
The refractive index of water is µ1 = 1.06552
The refractive index of turpentine oil is µ2 = 1.22736
Precautions
Sources of error:
(i) The distances x1 and x2 may not be
measured correctly.
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2. BOOKS :
Comprehensive Practical Manual for class XII