EEN-E3001 Fundamentals of industrial energy engineering, Spring 2023

Learning assignment 1:
Pulp demands in paper and pulp making
Submission latest on February 5 by 23.59

An integrated pulp and paper mill produces two paper grades (SC paper, LWC paper) and
pulp at the mill site. Table 1 shows annual production rates. Operational days of the mill is
351 d/a.

Table 1. Annual production rates of the mill

Production Annual production, t/a
SC-paper 255000
LWC-paper 350000
Air dry chemical pulp 215000
SC Super Calendered
LWC Light Weight Coated

Some definitions

Net production describes the production rate of the paper that is sold outside the
mill.

Gross production means the production rate of the paper at the reel.

Production efficiency describes net production compared to gross production at the reel. This
efficiency takes into account the amount of rejection after the reel.

A) Production rates of SC paper

Initial data:
Operational days 351 d/a
Basis weight 70 g/m2
Production efficiency 0.9
Net production 250000 t/a

Calculate net and gross production per day.

B) Production rates of LWC Paper

When LWC-paper is produced coating is a separate unit which must be taken into account in
calculations.

Initial data:

Operational days 351 d/a

Coating machine:
 Share of Rejection 7 % of the coated paper
Basis weight 55 g/m2
Amount of coating material 7.5 g/m2 on both sides
Net production 345000 t/a

Paper machine:
Basis weight 40 g/m2
Production efficiency 0.88

Calculate net and gross production rates (t/d) for the coated paper. Production
efficiency = 1- share of rejection.

Calculate net production rate of the paper machine. Net production rate is calculated
by subtracting the amount of the coating material from the gross production of the
coating machine.

Calculate gross production rate (t/d) of the paper machine.

C) Pulp demands of SC paper

Initial data

Moisture content 6%
Fillers 20 %
Fibers 74 %
Total 100 %

Fiber composition
Mechanical 80 %
Chemical 20 %
Rejection fibers 0.5 %

Calculate how much chemical and mechanical pulps are needed at the SC paper
machine (tds/d).

D) Pulp demand of LWC paper

Initial data

Moisture content of the coated paper 5 %

Fiber composition
Mechanical 60 %
Chemical 40 %
Rejection fibers 0.5 %

Calculate how much chemical and mechanical pulps are needed at the LWC paper
machine (tds/d).
 Pulp demands are calculated on the basis of net production at the paper machine (see
part B). Net production for the paper machine has been calculated at the moisture
content of 5 %. Consider the moisture content when you calculate pulp demands for
the paper.

E) Pulp demand of the pulp drying machine

Pulp is sold as Air Dry Tons (ADT) which means that the dry solids content of the
pulp is 90 % (i.e. moisture content is 10%). In practice, the dry solids content can
differ from 90 % depending on the air temperature and humidity.

Initial data
Operational days 351 d/a
Production 225000 ADT (90 %)

Calculate the average production rate of bleached chemical pulp in unit ADT/d.

F) Pulp demands

Calculate how much chemical and mechanical pulp the mill needs in total in units tds/d and
ADT/d