Purpose:

It is estimated that 537 million people are currently living with

diabetes all over the world. By 2045, projections show this number
rising to some 783 million diabetics globally.
Dialysis machines are the treatment given to patients once they
have reached stage 5. One dialysis treatment for uninsured patients
can cost over $500. Additionally, if receiving dialysis from the
emergency department at a hospital, prices can be as high as
$10,000 per session.
Certainly most of the people that suffer from this disease don’t have
the resources to get a dialysis treatment. Thankfully there are
always alternatives to be discovered that are more economically
viable and accessible to all public. Xenotransplantation has been
researched to address multiple issues such as organ storage. This
Is based on the blood passing through a pig intestine and working
as a filter. Bolivia’s government has just banned and made kidney
transplantations illegal.
\Only a family member can donate their kidney if necessary.
Anyone outside the family transplanting their kidney is now
acknowledged as organ trafficking. For this reason, the need and
value of dialysis treatment will increase drastically.
Materials
● Motors:
- 12 volt pumps
- Silicone cables
- Motor controller L298N
- Arduino Uno
- Screwdriver
- Flux
-
● Dializer:
- 2 litre bottle
- 2 metre hose
- 3 metre thin hose
● Dialysing fluid:
- Water
- Salt
-
● Blood:
- Sante
- Iron

HYPOTHESIS

If utilizing the intestinal membrane as a dialyzing

medium, then we could enhance our filtration
apparatus's capacity to effectively extract a substantial
proportion of dissolved salts from our solution because
this will enhance stems from the inherent property of the
membrane, facilitating the osmotic processes while
maintaining a strict segregation between our solution
and the surrounding water. This segregation is a result
of the membrane's semipermeable nature, which
permits the passage of solutes through it while
preventing undesired mixing or leakage.

Procedure:

Making The Dialyser:

1- Make holes on the bottle depending on the position.
2- Measure the amount of hose you will need inside the bottle.
3- Make holes to hose.
4- Cover the holes with the pig membrane, in order to create the
filter.
5- Put all the hoses in their place, carefully so that the membranes
are not damaged.
6- Paste the hoses with silicone in order to close any leakes.
7- place the bottle on the tripod.
8- Place the end of the hoses in the plastic containers.
9- Connect the pumps to the hoses.

Connecting the Pumps:

1- Cut the tip of the cables.
2- Connect the end of the cables to the motor controller (Those
cables are going to provide energy to the controller)
3- Cut two sets of cables and connect them to the controllers
4- Connect the two sets of cables to each pump by melting tin and
lead over the tip of the cables (Soldering).
5- Connect the controller to the Arduino
6- Transfer a code inside the Arduino so that the pumps stay
working
7- Connect both controllers to a source of electricity

Research:
The use of pig membranes in dialysis, also known as
xenotransplantation, has been explored as a potential solution to
address organ shortages. However, it's important to note that as of
my last knowledge update in September 2021, xenotransplantation
was still a field of active research and not yet a widely adopted
practice for dialyzer membranes. The results of using a pig
membrane dialyzer in a dialysis machine would depend on various
factors, including the specific technology used, the compatibility of
the pig membrane with human blood, and the safety and efficacy of
the procedure.
Since my information is not up to date, I recommend consulting the
latest scientific literature or medical professionals for the most
current information on the results and outcomes of using pig
membranes in dialysis machines. Xenotransplantation involves
significant ethical, medical, and regulatory considerations, so it's
important to stay informed about the latest developments in this
field.