Review the Mayflower Compact

• What do you see as the main points of the

compact?
• How does religion play a role in this
document?
• What is the relationship between the pilgrims
and the King?
• Who are they submitting to?
• What theory of government do you see?
 Clifford Barnes
HIST 1301

Colonial America
Chapters 4,5,and 6
 Terms, People, and Events
Middle passage Glorious Revolution Redemptioners

Stono Rebellion Seasoning Mercantilism

 Key Points to Understanding
• How did Divine Right influence political thinking of
the 1800’s.
• What goods were traded between the East, West,
and America’s?
• Contrast the basic goals of Mercantilism with
Capitalism?
• What divisions begin to grow between Britain and
her colony's?
English and French colonization
• Successful colonization required permanent
settlement.
• Both James II and Louis XIV sought to establish
colonies on North America.
• England encouraged its citizens particularly the
poor and under employed to indenture
themselves.
• France limited the ability of its citizens to settle
thus the French were not able to populate much
of the territory they claimed.
 Types of English Colonies
• Royal colonies were owned by the king.
• Proprietary colonies, Land grants from the
British government. These colonial governors
reported directly to the king.
• Self-governing colonies, the king granted a
charter to a joint-stock company, and the
company then set up its own government
 The English Colonies
• Charles II granted land and commercial rights
to men loyal to the crown.
• Proprietary colonies had high levels of
autonomy.
• Pennsylvania, William Penn, Religious
tolerance, attracted Quakers, farmers,
artisans, and merchants.
 Pennsylvania
• Granted by Charles II to William Penn.
• Penn established friendly relations with
natives.
• William Penn was a Quaker but granted
Religious freedom (to Christians)
• Attracted farmers, merchants, and artisans.
Global trade and International
Wars
fuel tensions drive the need for labor
• King Williams war
– French and English settlers
– Indian allies on both sides
– Lack of British support poor treatment of militia
• War of Spanish Secession
– King Charles II of Spain dies with no heir.
– English colonies stand alone against French and Spanish
– Indian allies on both sides.
– English holdings in North America are increased.
• Global trade networks
– Europe, America, China, India, Africa, Middle East, Caribbean,
– Silks, spices, porcelain, olive oil,
– Sugar, rum, salted fish, naval stores
– Slaves, manufactured goods, gold
– Mercantilism vs Capitalism
Economic Growth
 Indentured servants
• Recruited from the poor and unemployed.
• Served 5 years more time was added if they
run away or get pregnant etc.
• Declined in numbers in the early eightieth
century
• Redemptioners were similar to the
Indentured.
 The Atlantic Slave Trade
• Improving economic conditions in Britain reduce
the number of indentured servants.
• Parliament chartered the Royal African Company
in 1673.
• The majority of slaves are transported to South
America and the West Indies.
• Early slaves were war captives, but over time
African slavers used any means possible to secure
captives.
• The slave trade devastated large areas of West
Africa.
 The Stono Rebellion
• Stono's Rebellion
September 9, 1739
Early on the morning of Sunday, September 9, 1739,
20 black slaves met in secret near the Stono River in
South Carolina to plan their escape to freedom.
Minutes later, they burst into Hutcheson's store at
Stono's bridge, killed the two storekeepers, and stole
the guns and powder inside. The group of slaves grew
in number as they headed south. Stono's Rebellion,
the largest slave uprising in the Colonies prior to the
American Revolution.
 Terms, People, and Events

Spectral evidence Patriarchal family Walking Purchase

New light clergy Old Light clergy Enlightenment

Pietists Great Awakening Impressment

 Religious Strife
• Religious leaders such as Cotton Mather were
concerned about the declining faith of the
population.
• Puritans viewed events such as Indian
uprisings and war as evidence that Satan was
at work in the world.
• New Light clergy sought to re-energize the
faithful thru revivals
 Religious Division
• Old Light clergy became concerned that new
Light clergy were depleting their
congregations.
• New Light clergy attracted young people, poor
people, free blacks, slaves, and woman.
• New Light teaching include questioning
authority and a criticism of slavery.
 The Enlightenment
• Rational and scientific thinking.
• Increasing acceptance of diversity.
• Pietists challenged both established churches
and Enlightenment ideas (follow your heart)
• New light ministers embraced the spiritual
turmoil the caused crossing social, ethnic,
racial, and religious lines.
 Diversity and Expansion
• From 1700 to 1775 the population of the English
colonies grew from 250,00 to over 2.5 million.
• The colonies became more urbanized.
• Westward expansion increased tensions with
Native Americans, France, and England.
• The Walking Purchase.
• Ethnic tensions rose as settlers increasingly
included Irish, Scots, Dutch, and Germans.
• Catholic and Jewish settlers added to the
diversity.
 The Role of Woman
• Woman were scarce in the early decades of
settlement.
• Early female settlers married older prosperous
man and often controlled large estates.
• As the ratio of men and woman balanced
woman lost much of their influence.
• The patriarchal family became the model
family.
Witchcraft
Salem Witch Trials
 Salem Witch Trials
• What was the cause of the Witch trials?
• Who were the accused?
• Who were the accusers?
• What were the root causes of the Witch trials?
 Political Sovereignty
• While No longer Divine the king was still
Sovereign.
• While the king or queen is sovereign their
power is mitigated by the parliament.
• While not sovereign the colonies become
increasingly self governing.
• Angered by Royal impressment and political
disconnection the colonial assemblies assume
increasing power.
Who was John Locke?
 Key Points to Understanding
• Who were the commonly targeted as witches?
• How did social economic, and political tensions
contribute to in increase in accusations of
Witchcraft?
• Who wielded the most political and economic
control during the colonial period?
• How did Great Awakening preachers connect
religious and political philosophies?
• How did expansion and war contribute to tensions
with Indians and the British?
 The 7 Years War and Colonial Crisis
• French British rivalry
• The Albany Congress sought to improve relations
with the Mohawks. It failed after an attempt to
form colonial government.
• The French and their Indian allies win early
battles forcing Britain to commit more troops and
drive up its debt.
• William Pitt becomes Britain's Prime Minister and
commits massive resources to fight and defeat
the French and their allies.
 Debt and Taxes
• The English debt exploded during the war
• Sugar Act one of the first attempts to increase
tax revenue by lowing the tax on Molasses
and strengthening enforcement.
• Stamp act imposed a tax on paper for official
documents
• Taxation with out representation became the
cry
 Colonial Resistance
• Daughters of Liberty and Non consumption
• Anti British boycotts
• Military occupation
• The Boston Massacre
• Boston Tea party
• The Coercive Acts
• First Continental Congress demands no new
rights but the continuance of the sole power to
tax
• Lexington and Concord