Introduction to ICT
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Friday, September 04, 2020 8:27 AM
Information and Communication Technologies
• Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) deals with the use of
different communication technologies
such as mobile phones, telephone,
Internet, etc. to locate, save, send and
edit information.
Web 1.0:
• When the World Wide Web was invented,
most web pages were static. Static (also
known as flat page or stationary page) in
the sense that the page is “as is” and
cannot be manipulated by the user. The
content is also the same for all users.
This is referred to as Web 1.0.
WEB 2.0: Dynamic Web Pages
• Web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 by
adding dynamic web pages—the user is
able to see a website differently than
others. Examples of Web 2.0 include
social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video
sharing sites, hosted services, and web
applications.
• Web 2.0 allows users to interact with the
page: instead of just reading a page, the
user may be able to comment or create a
user account. Web 2.0 also allows users to
use web browsers instead of just using
their operating system. Browsers can now
be used for their user interface,
application software (or web applications),
and even for file storage.
• Most websites that we visit today are
Web 2.0.
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Features of Web 2.
1. Folksonomy. It allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely
chosen keywords (e.g., tagging). Popular social
networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram,
Facebook, etc. use tags that start with the
pound sign (#). This is also referred to as
hashtag.
2. Rich User Experience. Content is dynamic and
is responsive to user’s input. An example would
be a website that shows local content. In the
case of social networking sites, when logged on,
your account is used to modify what you see in
their website.
3. Long Tail. Services are offered on demand
rather than on a one-time purchase. In certain
cases, time-based pricing is better than file-
size-based pricing or vice versa. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that
charges you for the amount of time you spent
in the Internet, or a data plan that charges
you for the amount of bandwidth you used.
4. User Participation. The owner of the website is
not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content of their
own by means of comment, reviews, and
evaluation. Some websites allow readers to
comment on an article, participate in a poll, or
review a specific product (e.g., Amazon.com,
online stores).
5. Software as a Service. Users will subscribe to
a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them. This is a cheaper option if
you do not always need to use a software. For
instance, Google Docs is a free web-based
application that allows the user to create and
edit word processing and spreadsheet
documents online. When you need a software,
like a Word Processor, you can purchase it for
a one-time huge amount and install it in your
computer and it is yours forever. Software as
a service allows you to “rent” a software for a
minimal fee.
6. Mass Participation. It is a diverse information
sharing through universal web access. Since
most users can use the Internet, Web 2.0’s
content is based on people from various
cultures.
Saturday, October 24, 2020 1:39 PM
Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web
• The Semantic Web is a movement led by
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
• The W3C standard encourages web
developers to include semantic content in
their web pages.
• According to the W3C, “The Semantic Web
provides a common framework that allows
data to be shared and reused across
application, enterprise, and community
boundaries.”
• The aim of Web 3.0 is to have machines (or
servers) understand the user’s preferences
to be able to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
Several problems of Web 3.0
1. Compatibility
• HTML files and current web browsers could
not support Web 3.0.
2. Security
• The user’s security is also in question since
the machine is saving his or her
preferences.
3. Vastness
• The World Wide Web already contains
billions of web pages.
4. Vagueness
• Certain words are imprecise. The words
“old” and “small” would depend on the user.
5. Logic
• Since machines use logic, there are certain
limitations for a computer to be able to
predict what the user is referring to at a
given time.
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Trends in ICT
1. Convergence
• Technological convergence is the
synergy of technological advancements
to work on a similar goal or task.
2. Social Media
• Social media is a website, application,
or online channels that enable web
users to create, co-create, discuss,
modify, and exchange user-generated
content.
Six Types of Social Media
1. Social Networks. These are sites that
allow you to connect with other people with
the same interests or background.
Example: Facebook and Google.
2. Bookmarking Sites. These are sites that
allow you to store and manage links to
various websites and resources.
Example: StumbleUpon/Pinterest
3. Social News. These are sites that allow
users to post their own news items or links
to other news sources.
Example: Reddit and Digg
4. Media Sharing. These are sites that
allow you to upload and share media content
like images, music, and video.
Example: Flickr, Youtube and Instagram
5. Microblogging. These are sites that
focus on short updates from the user.
Example: Twitter and Plurk
6. Blogs and Forums. These websites allow
users to post their content.
Example: Blogger, WordPress, and Tumblr
Saturday, October 24, 2020 1:43 PM

Mobile Technologies

The popularity of smartphones and tablets

has taken a major rise over the years. This is
largely because of the devices’ capability to
do tasks that were originally found in personal
computers.

Kinds of operating systems:

 iOS

 Android

 Blackberry OS

 Windows Phone OS

 Symbian

 WebOS

 Windows Mobile

Assistive Media

Assistive media is a nonprofit service

designed to help people who have visual and
reading impairments. A database of audio
recordings is used to read to the user.

Introduction to ICT Page 3

 Contextualized online search and research

skills
Saturday, October 24, 2020 1:45 PM

LEARNING COMPETENCIES • Characteristics of libraries in terms of

reliability, accuracy and value:
• Use the Internet as a tool for credible
research and information gathering to best ○ Libraries of published books are
achieve specific class objectives or address often considered highly reliable,
situational. accurate, and valuable.

• Students will be better users of search engines. ○ Books and documents from
In particular, they can be more deeply aware of dominant sources are often peer
search techniques that will give results that are reviewed.
useful for their academic and chosen career.
○ ISSN or ISBN registration
MEDIA & INFORMATION SOURCE INDIGENOUS ensures that standards were
KNOWLEDGE, LIBRARY, INTERNET followed in producing these
materials.
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET
• Local knowledge
• Information found on the Internet
• Knowledge that is unique to a given culture or
may be quite varied in form and
society.
content.
• IK contrasts with the international knowledge
• It is more difficult to determine its
system universities, research institutions and
reliability and accuracy.
private firms. (Warren
• Accessing information on the Internet
• Characteristics
is easy, but requires more discipline to
○ oral tradition of communication check and validate.

○ store information in memories • Factual & fictitious data are often

merge.
○ information exchange is face-to-face
• Information should be always validated.
○ information are contain within the border
of the community • ONLINE SEARCH AND RESEARCH

Example: Benguet Province (Municipality of ○ Also known as Internet Research.

Tublay)
○ More than just googling (typing a
LIBRARY word in Google and then clicking
the search button).
• Library are often classified in four groups
(these libraries may be either digital or physical ○ A skill needed to be improve to
in form ): get factual information.

○ Academic

○ Public

○ School

Special

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○ Special

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Saturday, October 24, 2020 1:56 PM

EVALUATING INFORMATION 23. RELEVANCE Content is relevant to your

topic or research.
 ACCURACY
SEARCH SKILLS
○ Content is grammatically correct,
SEARCH TOOLS
verifiable and cited when necessary
• SAFE SEARCH
 AUTHOR
○ Helps you block inappropriate or
○ Defines who created the content, the
explicit images from your Google
individual or group’s credential/expertise
Search results.
and provides contact information.
○ The Safe Search filter isn’t 100%
 DOMAIN TYPES
accurate, but it helps you avoid most
○ Domain types are: adult content.

 .com (commercial) • RESTRICTED MODE

 .org (organization) • .edu (education) ○ an opt-in setting available on the

computer and mobile site that helps
 .gov (government)
screen out potentially objectionable
 .net (network) content that you may prefer not to
see or don't want others in your
 .mil (military)
family to stumble across while
 .ph (country domain) This is used to enjoyingYouTube.
further evaluate a website.
○ A parental control setting
 CURRENCY forYouTube.

○ Information is current & updated • GOOGLE SCHOLAR

frequently.
 FAIRNESS
○ Content is balanced, presenting all sides
of an issue and multiple points of view.
 USE OF SEVERAL SEARCH ENGINES
○ Search Engines are programs that look
for documents based from specified
keywords and return these documents
where the keyword were found. • Major
Search Engine:
○ Google
○ Provides a simple way to broadly
search for scholarly literature. From
one place, you can search across
many disciplines and sources:
articles, theses, books, abstracts and
court opinions, from academic
publishers, professional societies,
online repositories, universities and
other web sites.
• REVERSE IMAGE SEARCH
○ use a picture as your search to find
related images from around the web.

○ Yahoo (uses google)

○ AltaVista

○ Bing

○ Lycos

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Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:06 PM

PLAGIARISM
SEARCH OPERATORS
• an act or instance of using or closely
• use search operators and other punctuation imitating the language and thoughts of
to get optimize search. another author without authorization;
○ AND & OR operator the representation of that author's work
as one's own, as by not crediting the
 For conditional searching original.
 Search result must agree on the • Using other people’s words and ideas
given condition without clearly acknowledging the source
 The operator AND narrows the of the information
search by retrieving only records HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
contain both terms.
• You need to cite the things you copy on
 The operator OR broadens the the internet.
search to include records
containing either keyword, or • Put quotation marks around everything
both. that comes directly from the text and
cite the source.
• Plus (+)
• Paraphrase, but be sure that you are not
○ To indicate that the word after the simply rearranging or replacing a few
sign is a required word must be found in words and cite the source.
the search.
• Use the style manual in properly citing
○ Ex. +preventive sources.
• Minus (-)

○ To exclude a word from your search

that is not required on result

○ Ex: -personal

• Wildcard (*)

○ To find a variations of word, for an

instance measure* it will find entries
such as measures and measurement.

• Quotation Mark (“”)

○ Names or phrase should be enclosed

with quotation mark better result.

○ Ex: “precautionary measures”

Introduction to ICT Page 7

Online Safety and Security
Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:13 PM

Online Safety and Security What can I do?

• The Internet has become a part of our just like in the real world, you should
daily lives. The technology has become so always be careful of whom you tell your
advanced that the average person can now name to. In online, you can refrain from
access vast amounts of information and using your full name especially in apps and
communicate with people from all over the sites where they are not really required.
world using devices that can fit in his ○ Usernarne
pocket. In what is called the Information A username is an alias that
Age, the Internet has become not only a represents your online presence. It
privilege but also a necessity for many can be your real name or
people. combinations that totally depend on
Information Security your creativity. Some apps and
• We usually need to submit some personal websites address you by your
information in order to gain access to username instead of your full name.
online sites and services. These personal In many cases, your username, along
details are often required to secure our with your password are all that is
online activities and transactions. However, needed to log in to your account.
in the wrong hands, our personal
What's the risk?
information can be used to cause
In the Internet, your username
inconvenience, loss or even harm to us and
is as good as your actual name.
other people. Here are some of the most
Therefore, anyone who knows it
commonly shared personal details, how
can start looking for you or
they can be used in dishonest and malicious
sometimes even contact you.
ways and what you can do to secure them.
What can I do?
○ Full Name
Like your real name, do not
_Al most every app and website with
readily give out your username,
a log-in feature require your full
especially with people that you
name. Almost of the time, they just
don't trust. As a precaution,
ask for it to determine how to
you can select usernames that
properly address you in emails and
do not include your real name.
personal messages. Some sites, like
Facebook, use it to label your account
and online interactions. ○ Password
The password is one of the most
What's the risk?
important bits of information in the
Your name is probably the most
Internet. Basically, it is a group of
widely known detail about you
characters that, when paired with
but it can still be used in the
your username or email address, can
simplest forms of identity theft.
unlock your user account. For this
Anyone can use your full name to
reason, website and app owners have
sign up and create a fake
many ways to keep your password
account. This account can then
secure.
be used in ways that may put you
in trouble like posting malicious
content or leaving rude
comments.

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in trouble like posting malicious
content or leaving rude
comments.

Introduction to ICT Page 9


Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:23 PM
What's the risk?
For obvious reasons, hackers take
special interest in people's
passwords. People tend to use
similar if not identical passwords
for their online accounts so
figuring out the password to one
account may also compromise the
others.
What can I do?
There are several steps that you
can do to keep your passwords
secure:
□ 1 Do not share your password
with ANYONE.
□ Memorize your password. Do
not write it down anywhere.
□ Do not use obvious passwords
like important dates or names
of you or your loved ones.
□ Use combinations of
uppercase letters, lowercase
letters, numbers and special
characters. Some websites
require this but it's a good
practice to do so even if its
not.
Tip: To pre-vent yourself from
forgetting your password, use phrases
that are easy for you to remember but
hard for others to guess like lines from
a song or movies or phrases that have
personal meaning to you.
□ Do not use the same
passwords for different
accounts.
Tip: More specifically, do not use the same
passwords for apps that are used for leisure
(Facebook, Instagrami and apps that are
used for financial transactions (Paypal, eBay,
online banking)
 Change your passwords periodically
 Do not save your password when
using public computers or other
people's device.
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Tip: Web browsers commonly give you the option
to save your password when you first log in to
some vicebsites. This feature may be convenient
when using your own computer or mobile device
but it can be dangerous if you accidentally save
your password in someone else's computer or
device especially if it is in a public place like a
library or a computer shop.
• Birthdate
Birth dates are mostly required to determine
if you are old enough to access certain
contents and features in the Internet.
Sometimes, it is also used in security checks
to determine if it is indeed the rightful
owner who is accessing the account since
birth dates are not usually widely known.
What's the risk?
The birth date, along with other
personal details can be used to
pass security checks and hack
personal accounts.
What can 1 do?
For your own protection, observe
the age restrictions of online
content. Websites are required by
law to add warnings to age-
sensitive content but it is still up
to the users to choose whether or
notto view them.
• Home Address and Locations
Some online services ask for users' home
address. Some apps can automatically
determine your current location using your
device's GPS (Global Positioning System)
feature. They do this in order to give you
location-specific contents and options. For
example, YouTube determines the user's
location and suggests videos that are
relevant to that area.
What's the risk?
Carelessly sharing your location or home
address can ultimately compromise your
physical security because it will tell
potential criminals where you are. Also,
because it is usually required
information in online commerce like
online shopping, your home address can
be used in identity theft.
people's device.

Introduction to ICT Page 11

Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:29 PM

What can I do?

Always check if a website or app
requires you to submit your address or
allow them to automatically track you. If
it is required, then check the settings if
you can hide your address and current
location from other users. If it is not
required, then don't submit it at all.
• Phone Numbers
Phone numbers are usually required
by many online services in order to
have a direct line to their clients.

Introduction to ICT Page 12

Why Should You Use Productivity Tools?
Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:31 PM

Productivity tools (also known as productivity Word & Data OpenOffice,

software) have a purpose in our everyday lives, Processing Writer, AbiWord, KOffic
both at home and at work. Chances are, you’ve Software e, MS Word
used productivity tools and you weren’t even
Spreadsheet OpenOffice,
aware you were using them.
Software Calc, KOffice, MS Excel
“Productivity tools” refers to the software
Presentation OpenOffice,
that people use to create and produce
Software Impress, KOffice, MS
documents, presentations, databases, charts,
PowerPoint
and graphs. It’s not exactly the most exciting
and fun software out there, but for many Database OpenOffice
organizations, corporations, and individuals, it’s Software Base KOffice
a necessity! Graphic Design & OpenOffice,
Editing Software Draw, GIMP, Dia, FreeMi
So why should you use productivity tools?
nd, Photoshop
While there are a wide range of benefits, the
best reason is that it just makes essential, File Management PDF Creator
everyday computing tasks more efficient. Who Software
doesn’t want that? Publishing Scribus OpenOffice
Software Draw
Making Everyday Tasks More Efficient
Organization GTD-Free
Think back to the last time you used a
Software
computer, which was probably some time today.
What was the task you needed to accomplish Email Software SeaMonkey, Yahoo, Gmail
and what software did you use to do so? Most
likely, you used a productivity tool. Professional Quality Documents,
Presentations & Graphics
Most essential everyday computing tasks can
be tackled with productivity tools. Need to Productivity tools also help you create
write a letter? What about creating address professional quality documents,
labels, or a graph with data that you’ve presentations, graphics, and more. Sure, you
collected? All of these things and more are could probably create these same things
easy to do thanks to productivity software. freehand, but it just wouldn’t have that same
professional polish that will make your work
If you don’t have productivity software, it’s
stand out.
hard to imagine the steps you would need to go
through create these tasks on your own. It Say for example, you need to prepare a
would require a lot of coordination and extra business pitch. Use a word or data processing
leg work—certainly not the most efficient use software to polish up your raw content, and
of your already busy day! then use spreadsheet software to create
charts and graphs for visual appeal. Design a
Productivity tools come in a wide range of
logo with your graphics software, and create
software, sometimes bundled together or
assets for your business. Then put it all into a
offered separately. Productivity tools include:
presentation to nicely sum up your talking
points and give visual interest during your
presentation. Now that’s professional!

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Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:36 PM

It’s not all about the looks, either. Productivity
tools often have built-in spelling and grammar
checkers, calculators, and other tools to make
sure that you are producing not only stellar-
looking products, but also accurate and
statistically sound products as well.
Cross-Application Integration
The biggest benefit to using a productivity suite,
like OpenOffice Suite or Microsoft Office, is
that all of the applications can be integrated
with each other, and your data and work is usable
within the platform.
What does this mean exactly? Let’s say you have
a database of names and addresses that you need
to turn into address labels. This should be a
fairly easy task, unless your database is managed
by different software. A productivity suite would
allow you to import that database of names into
your word or data processor into a simple
template. Then, presto! You’d have labels you
could print and send.
Or, what about charts and graphs you created in
your spreadsheet program that you need in your
presentation? Sure, you could save those images
and insert them manually, but a productivity suite
would allow you to embed those charts and
graphs directly into the presentation software.
Now, if there’s any change to the data in those
charts and graphs, they would automatically
change in your presentation too.
A guide to productivity tools for researchers
Digital tools give researchers great ways to be
productive-min
Procrastination is the devil. And yet we often
find ourselves ticking off minor tasks - or
scrolling through endless pictures of exotic
destinations we’re probably never going to
visit - on a regular basis instead of getting
stuck into the next important task. Tackling a
research project may seem like a mountain
you’re not quite ready to climb, but with a
little smart working and a few digital tools on-
side you’ll be done in no time.
Procrastination isn’t the only enemy of
research. Time restraints, barriers to
information and a lack of willingness from
participants can all pose brick walls for any
research project, but overcoming them isn’t
impossible. If you’re suffering from a chronic
lack of productivity you need some handy tips,
tricks and tech to get you back on track, boost
your focus and put those endless distractions
to bed. So if you’re spending more time on
Twitter than on market research, this article
is for you.
Here are some of the productivity tools for
research which you could use:

Perhaps the biggest benefit that we have not yet Asana Logo
mentioned is for those who work from home.
Keeping track of who’s doing what, and when,
You’re used to having all the up-to-date, name-
will help keep you accountable for your part in
brand applications in an office setting, but it’s
the research project. That’s where Asana,
not always the same once you’re at your home
project management software and
office. Using our recommended productivity tools
ensures that you will have the compatibility to
work with your files at home, and then easily
transfer that work back to your office software.

Introduction to ICT Page 14


Saturday, October 24, 2020 2:36 PM
tool, comes in. In Asana members of your
research team can be assigned to subtasks
within tasks, ticking off “small wins” as you go.
This will help tasks seem much more
manageable, while helping you stay on top of
what’s expected of you, and when.
Logo_dark_with_tagline-1
Boosting productivity isn’t all about avoiding
distraction. It’s about making smart choices to
streamline the time you spend on daily tasks.
Manually transcribing interviews and other
research materials is time-consuming and
draining - let automation and artificial
intelligence take the reins and create a
transcription for you to search and analyze in
no time at all. Trint is a productivity tool that
will take your qualitative interviews to a new
level of efficiency.
Trello LogoTrello
Key for those that like visual tools, Trello is
the digital organization tool that helps you plan
out and conquer your research. It’s hard to
ignore your workload when it’s laid out and
labelled for you, so keeping Trello running when
you’re working will keep you on track. You can
set due dates, add notes and organize each
task into itemized columns, so you’ll know the
status of everything on sight. Once you
experience the satisfaction of seeing your
completed tasks pile up you’ll never look back.
Wunderlist Logo
Life sometimes gets in the way of research,
and vice versa. Keeping your life in sync and
carefully planning the time devoted to your
project and to procrastination (or “other life
stuff”) is essential to actually dialing in when
research calls. Wunderlist is a top digital tool
for organizing your to-do list and generally
managing your work-life balance, making sure
there’s time to tick off everything both
personal and professional
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Mendeley_Logo_Vertical
Often cited as the holy grail of research tools,
Mendeley helps ease the pain of many
researchers’ Achilles’ heel: referencing. This
handy software helps you cite and store your
references, building a library of work as you go.
Many researchers spend a lot of time reading -
Mendeley helps you keep the important parts
together and well organized.
Procraster LogoProcraster
The clue to this workflow tool is in the name:
Procraster is a procrastination-busting tool. It’s
built on the notion that we delay important
tasks for a few simple reasons. We consider the
task too big, we think we’ve made an error, we
don’t know where to start, we need to finish
something else or we need it to be perfect.
Procraster lets you flag and categorize these
tasks and then gives step-by-step advice to get
you back on track. If you’re struggling with
focus group questions and don’t know where to
start, this one’s for you
750 Words Logo
Writer’s block can send you running for your
procrastination go-to sites quicker than you can
say “qualitative research.” 750words aims to
keep you on track by encouraging writers to pen
at least three pages per day, which should be
manageable. Writing part of your research
paper may seem like it’s too big to tackle, but
taking things a day - and 750 words - at a time
makes things so much easier. Small, daily
victories are very productive in the long run.
StayFocusd LogoStayFocusd
If you really don’t trust yourself not to get
distracted by time-wasting sites, then this
Google Chrome extension may be just what
you’re looking for. It allows you to limit time
allowed on certain sites, and once you’ve used up
your allowance it won’t let you visit that site
again that day, pushing you back towards that
to-do list and that transcript of last week’s
research interview.