PHILIPPINES

 According to Nabesa (2023), Filipino employees are known for their dedication to their
work and effort. They have consistently shown that they are among the top workers in the
world with their strong work ethic and sense of dedication. Philippines has a high-context
culture, like most of Asia. Communication in high-context societies is complicated. It
influences communication by a variety of elements, including the person's status as well
as their body language, tone, and facial expressions. There's no need to express your
message verbally in this situation. People rely on context and non-verbal signals instead
to communicate. (Shepherd, n.d.). Filipinos are also very contextual and expressive.
When anything has to be clarified or repeated, it is said by expanding the mouth widely
and raising both eyebrows in agreement. Depending on the circumstance, their "yes" and
"no" are not always straight-forward. They might respond with "yes, but...", "no for
now," or "maybe." When chatting to them, put an effort to look for other cues to better
comprehend what they truly mean. (People Dynamics, n.d.).

 The K to 12 Program (commonly known as K-12), which includes 13 years of education

from kindergarten to grade 12, is the pre-university education system in the Philippines.
It was implemented during a six-year period from 2011 to 2017 to bring the Philippines'
educational system in step with the rest of the world (FutureLearn, 2021). Around the
world, education is essential. Even if every country has its own educational system,
majority of them share a similar idea or a similar level of education. The Philippines'
educational system is distinctive since it incorporated variety of colonial-era elements
(Granada, 2021). According to Pinkian (2015), the Philippines' distinctive culture and
traditions are what he recognized and loved about the school ethics and school culture.
How interactive students are with one another. In the Philippines, teachers like giving
their pupils the freedom to express their emotions through sharing their knowledge or
even by having them participate in activities that require them to use verbal and
nonverbal signs to share their ideas while acting, dancing, singing, or reporting.
ITALY

 According to Yordan (n.d.), extra-long lunch breaks, flexible work schedules, developing
close connections, and freedom of speech. These are only a few of the peculiarities you'll
run with when working in Italy. The only aspects of the workplace culture that extend
beyond the workplace and are deeply embedded in the office setting are the expectations
that you know Italian and always dress elegantly to present yourself well. Make sure to
constantly conduct yourself with politeness because it is a quality that is highly valued in
Italy. There are particular manners and protocols for different social and professional
contexts, but it's essential to keep in mind that respect is more important in Italy than
Italian codes of behavior. (Business Culture, n.d.). It is important to get in touch
frequently with your Italian business partner. This demonstrates your concern for and
interest in the business connection. Try to be as open and honest with them as you can in
order to develop a relationship. Whether or not they like or trust you, your charisma can
play a significant role. In the end, the impression you make on an Italian can influence
their choices and even take priority over business goals. For instance, if you have an
excellent offer for them but they don't like your attitude, they may turn down the offer
(Evason, 2017).

 According to Straughan (2006), Italian schools have an interesting and highly effective
system in place to encourage social cohesiveness among the children. The professors
move from classroom to classroom, with the exception of those whose subjects call for
labs or other specialized equipment, since each class completes everything together
throughout the day while remaining mostly in the same room. Each class in public high
schools is required by law to have two elected representatives who represent the interests
of the students in the school. If the representatives feel they won't receive a fair hearing
from their instructors, they verbally communicate any complaints, issues, or suggestions
to the principal or to their teacher committee. This gives students practical experience
with leadership, representative governance, and bureaucracy. All of these elements
contribute to the socialization of students, which is one of the fundamental, if unspoken,
goals of the Italian educational system.
References:

Business Culture (n.d.). Business Etiquette. https://businessculture.org/southern-europe/business-

culture-in-italy/business-etiquette-in-italy/

Evason, N. (2017). Business Culture. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/italian-culture/italian-

culture-business-culture

FutureLearn (2021, August 6). Explore: The Education System in the Philippines.
https://www.futurelearn.com/info/futurelearn-international/explore-philippines-education-system

Granada, A. (2021, April 14). A Guide to the Education System in the Philippines.
https://kabayanremit.com/blog/lifestyle/education-system-philippines/

Nabesa, A. (2023, April 15). Filipino Workers: Known for Hard Work and Commitment.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/filipino-workers-known-hard-work-commitment-arion-
nabesa#:~:text=Filipino%20workers%20are%20renowned%20for,best%20workers%20in
%20the%20world.

PeopleDynamics (n.d.). The Filipino Workplace Culture. https://peopledynamics.co/filipino-

workplace-culture/

Shepherd (n.d.). Filipino Work Culture: How Is It Different From The US?
https://www.supportshepherd.com/post/filipino-work-culture-how-is-it-different-from-the-us

Straughan, D. (2006, May 13). Italian School Culture: Encouraging Unity in the Classroom.
https://www.beginningwithi.com/2006/05/13/comment-on-italian-school-culture/