VERTICAL, VEGETABLE GARDENING AMONG RESIDENTS OF

BARANGAY CAWAGAYAN, A FEASIBILITY STUDY

A Practical Research presented to the faculty

of Cawagayan National High school-Senior
High School, Cawagayan, Pinukpuk, Kalinga

In partial fulfillment of the subject requirements

Curriculum of the Department of Education in Inquiries
Investigation Immersion
 Chapter I

Introduction
Vertical vegetable gardening is an innovative and practical

solution for residents of our barangay who are looking to grow

their own fresh produce, even if they have limited space

available. This method involves growing vegetables on vertical

structures such as walls, fences, or trellises, instead of

traditional horizontal plots. By utilizing vertical space,

residents can grow a variety of vegetables in a compact area,

making it an ideal solution for urban environments.

Vertical vegetable gardening has several benefits. It allows

residents to have access to fresh, healthy produce that they can

grow themselves, which can help improve their overall health and

well-being. It also promotes sustainable living by reducing food

waste and carbon footprint associated with transportation of

produce. Moreover, vertical gardens can add to the aesthetic

value of the barangay, creating a more beautiful and green

environment.

Vertical vegetable gardening is a simple, yet effective way

to promote healthy living and sustainable practices among

residents of our barangay. Vertical vegetable gardening is also a

great way to save money on groceries, as residents can grow their

own produce at a fraction of the cost of store-bought vegetables.

Additionally, it can be a fun and rewarding hobby for people of

all ages, providing an opportunity to learn about gardening and

the natural world.

One of the best things about vertical vegetable gardening is

its versatility. It can be done using a wide variety of

containers and structures, so residents can customize their

gardens to fit their specific needs and preferences. For example,

some people may opt for a small, freestanding vertical garden

made from recycled materials, while others may choose to install

a larger, more elaborate garden on a wall or fence

Vertical vegetable gardening can also help build a sense of

community among residents. It provides an opportunity for

neighbors to share tips and resources, and even swap produce with

each other. This can help foster a sense of camaraderie and

cooperation, creating a stronger and more interconnected

community overall.

Moreover vertical vegetable gardening is an accessible,

practical, and enjoyable way for residents of our barangay to

grow fresh produce, promote sustainable living, save money, and

build community.
Background of the Study

Vertical vegetable gardening is a relatively new and

innovative way of growing vegetables that has gained popularity

in recent years, especially in urban areas where space is

limited. Unlike traditional horizontal gardening, vertical

gardening involves growing vegetables on structures such as

walls, trellises, or fences, which allows gardeners to make the

most of their available space.

The study of vertical gardening was prompted by several

factors. Firstly, the limited availability of space, particularly

in urban areas, has necessitated the exploration of alternative

gardening methods. With urbanization on the rise, traditional

horizontal gardening may not be feasible for many individuals or

communities. Vertical gardening offers a potential solution by

utilizing vertical spaces, enabling people to grow vegetables

even in tight spaces. Secondly, there has been an increased

interest in self-sustainability and locally sourced food

production. Vertical gardening aligns with the growing desire for

healthier eating habits, reducing reliance on commercial

agriculture, and having more control over the quality and safety

of the food consumed. Additionally, environmental concerns

associated with traditional agriculture have driven the

exploration of alternative methods. Vertical gardening has the

potential to address these concerns by maximizing the use of

vertical spaces, reducing the need for clearing additional land,

and contributing to urban greening. Furthermore, vertical

gardening can foster community engagement and social cohesion. It

can serve as a shared activity that brings neighbors together,

strengthens social ties, and enhances well-being. Lastly,

vertical gardening can contribute to food security and

accessibility, especially in areas with limited access to fresh

and affordable produce. By enabling individuals and communities

to grow their own vegetables, vertical gardening can enhance food

accessibility, reduce reliance on external food sources, and

address issues related to food deserts.

There are several benefits to vertical vegetable gardening.

For one, it allows people who live in urban areas or have limited

outdoor space to grow their own fresh produce. This can be

especially important for people who want to eat healthier, more

locally sourced foods but don’t have access to a traditional

garden plot. Additionally, vertical gardens can be used to

beautify urban spaces, which can have a positive impact on mental

health and well-being.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in

sustainable agriculture and local food systems. Vertical

vegetable gardening is one way that urban residents can

participate in these movements by growing their own fresh produce

in a limited space. Vertical gardening is also a way to reduce

food waste, as gardeners can harvest only what they need, rather

than buying prepackaged produce that often goes to waste.

Vertical vegetable gardening has been shown to have several

environmental benefits. By growing food locally, it reduces the

carbon footprint associated with transport and storage of

produce. Additionally, vertical gardening can help improve air

quality in urban areas by absorbing carbon dioxide and other

pollutants. Moreover, it can also help reduce water usage, as

vertical gardens require less water than traditional horizontal

gardens.

There is also evidence to suggest that vertical vegetable

gardening can have social benefits. It can be a way to educate

children and adults about sustainable living and healthy eating.

Despite the potential benefits, there are also challenges

associated with vertical vegetable gardening. For example,

gardeners may need to invest in specialized equipment, such as

trellises or vertical planters, which can be expensive.

Additionally, vertical gardens may require more maintenance than

traditional gardens, as they need to be watered and fertilized

regularly to ensure proper growth.

 Therefore, this study will aim to explore the feasibility

and potential benefits of vertical vegetable gardening in our

barangay. By examining the social, environmental, and economic

impacts of this growing method, we hope to provide insights and

recommendations for how to best support residents who are

interested in this practice.

Statement of the Problem

This feasibility study aims to investigate the viability of

vertical vegetable gardening practices among the residents of

Barangay Cawagayan. The study will explore the factors such as

the availability of suitable structures and resources for

vertical gardening, the level of knowledge and skills among

residents regarding vertical gardening techniques, and the

potential benefits and challenges associated with adopting

vertical gardening in the Barangay. By addressing these research

gaps, the study intends to provide insights into the feasibility

of vertical vegetable gardening as an alternative method for food

production and enhance food security among residents of Barangay

Cawagayan. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify strategies to

overcome any barriers and to provide recommendations for the

successful implementation and sustainability of vertical

gardening practices with the unique context of the Barangay

Theoretical Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

. The process for

The inputs implementation of
vertical vegetable
required for the
gardening among the
implementation of vertical
residents of Barangay
vegetable among the The output of
Cawagayan involves the implementing vertical
residents of Barangay following stages: vegetable gardening
Cawagayan include land or among residents of
space, seeds, soil or 1. Site selection and Barangay Cawagayan is a
growing medium, water, preparation sustainable and
nutrients, vertical farming 1. Selection of crops environmentally friendly
technology such as 2. Vertical farming source of fresh produce
technology for the community.
hydroponic or aeroponic
system, and skilled labor. 3. Planting and
maintenance
4. Harvesting and
marketing

Significance of the Study

This study is significant because it can provide insights

into the potential of vertical vegetable gardening as a solution

to food insecurity and nutrition issues in urban areas. By

understanding the attitudes and opinions of residents towards

this method, the barangay can determine the feasibility and

potential interest in starting a community vertical vegetable

garden. This can contribute to improving access to fresh produce

and promoting sustainability in the community.

Hypothesis or Assumptions

The respondents are familiar with the concept of vertical

vegetable gardening and its potential benefits. The respondents

are willing to participate in the study and provide honest and

accurate responses to the questionnaire.

The questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for measuring

the attitudes and opinions of the respondents towards vertical

vegetable gardening. The results of the study can be generalized

to the population of the barangay.

The respondents have the necessary resources, such as space,

sunlight, and water, to start and maintain a vertical vegetable

garden. The respondents have access to the necessary materials

and tools for vertical vegetable gardening, such as containers,

soil, and seeds.

The respondents have the necessary skills and knowledge to

start and maintain a vertical vegetable garden, or are willing to

learn.
 The barangay has the necessary resources and support to

start and maintain a community vertical vegetable garden, if

deemed feasible.

Limitations:

The study is limited to the attitudes and opinions of

residents in the barangay towards vertical vegetable gardening,

and may not reflect the views of other communities or

populations.

The study is limited to the use of a Likert scale

questionnaire, and may not capture the full range of attitudes

and opinions towards vertical vegetable gardening.

The study does not measure the actual implementation or

success of vertical vegetable gardening in the barangay.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on the attitudes and opinions of

residents in the barangay towards vertical vegetable gardening.

The study aims to determine the feasibility and potential

interest in starting a community vertical vegetable garden. The

study will use a Likert scale questionnaire to measure the

attitudes and opinions of respondents towards various aspects of

vertical vegetable gardening.

Delimitations

The study is delimited to the topic of vertical vegetable

gardening in an urban setting and does not address other methods

of gardening or farming. The study is limited to the attitudes

and opinions of residents in the barangay, and does not include

the perspectives of non-residents. The study is also limited to

the use of a Likert scale questionnaire and does not include

other research methods, such as interviews or focus groups.

Definition of terms

Vertical vegetable gardening - is a method of growing plants in

vertical arrangements using various structures, such as

trellises, containers, or towers. This method maximizes limited

space in urban areas and can be a sustainable way to grow fresh

produce.

Vertical Gardening - A method of growing plants in vertical

arrangements, often using structures such as trellises,

containers, or towers, that maximizes limited space in urban

areas.
Vegetable Gardening - The cultivation of vegetables for personal

or commercial use.

Sustainable Agriculture - An agricultural system that emphasizes

environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and economic

viability.

Urban Agriculture - The practice of growing, processing, and

distributing food in or around urban areas.

Community Gardening - A type of urban agriculture where a group

of people come together to cultivate a shared garden, often for

the purpose of improving food access and community engagement.

Carbon Footprint - The amount of greenhouse gases, primarily

carbon dioxide, released into the atmosphere as a result of human

activities such as transportation, energy production, and food

consumption.

Feasibility - The likelihood that a project or program can be

successfully implemented and achieve its intended outcomes, often

considering factors such as cost, resources, and stakeholder

support.

Assumption - A belief or hypothesis that is accepted without

proof or verification, often based on past experiences or common

knowledge.
Significance - The importance or relevance of a study, often

measured by the potential impact on society, the advancement of

knowledge, or the contribution to a field of research.

 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

There is a growing body of literature on vertical vegetable

gardening, with many studies highlighting the benefits and

challenges of this method. For example, according to a study by

Goh et al. (2020), vertical farming can increase crop yields by

up to ten times compared to traditional farming methods.

Additionally, the study found that vertical farming requires less

water and can be more energy-efficient than traditional farming.

Another study by Despommier (2010) explored the potential of

vertical farming to provide fresh produce to urban areas, which

can reduce the carbon footprint of food transportation and

storage. The study highlighted the importance of integrating

vertical farming into urban planning and design.

In terms of the feasibility of vertical vegetable gardening

among residents, a study by Lin et al. (2018) found that urban

residents were more likely to engage in home gardening if they

had access to suitable outdoor spaces and had the necessary

knowledge and skills. The study also found that the perceived Mo
benefits of gardening, such as health and environmental benefits,

were important motivators for residents.

Another study by Krom et al. (2018). Explored the

effectiveness of vertical gardening in a community setting,

finding that the method was successful in providing fresh produce

to residents and promoting community engagement. However, the

study also noted the importance of addressing potential barriers,

such as lack of space and equipment, and the need for ongoing

maintenance and support.

There is a growing body of literature on vertical vegetable

gardening, with many studies highlighting the benefits and

challenges of this method. For example, according to a study by

Goh et al. (2020), vertical farming can increase crop yields by

up to ten times compared to traditional farming methods.

Additionally, the study found that vertical farming requires less

water and can be more energy-efficient than traditional farming.

Another study by Despommier (2010) explored the potential of

vertical farming to provide fresh produce to urban areas, which

can reduce the carbon footprint of food transportation and

storage. The study highlighted the importance of integrating

vertical farming into urban planning and design.

In terms of the feasibility of vertical vegetable gardening

among residents, a study by Lin et al. (2018) found that urban

residents were more likely to engage in home gardening if they

had access to suitable outdoor spaces and had the necessary

knowledge and skills. The study also found that the perceived

benefits of gardening, such as health and environmental benefits,

were important motivators for residents.

Another study by Krom et al.(2018) explored the

effectiveness of vertical gardening in a community setting,

finding that the method was successful in providing fresh produce

to residents and promoting community engagement. However, the

study also noted the importance of addressing potential barriers,

such as lack of space and equipment, and the need for ongoing

maintenance and support.

Although non-farmers who lived in urban areas were slightly

more likely to have sufficient FV intake than those who lived in

rural areas, very few practiced home gardening. This research

found that only a small proportion of that subpopulation greve

IVs at home for their own consumption (14.7%). That low level

might be due to lack of time, insufficient gardening knowledge

skills, or a disconnect with food gardening/food system. Those

are the most common horiens identified among non-FV-gardeners in

previous research (24,25). That said, the results of this study

did validate the significant, positive relationship between home

gardening and sufficient FV intake. People who practiced home

gardening were 16 fold more likely to have sufficient FV intake

than those who did not. That finding is consistent with previous

studies that found a significant relationship between

Home gardening and vegetable intake among Japanese persons

aged 60 69 fol, and a direct influence of urban gardening on

improved FV intake among older adults [7]. Therefore, home

gardening should be promoted as part of people’s routine leisure

activity to increase fieir FV access and intake, and to enhance

household food security and wellbeing.

The findings show that the practice of urban home gardening

differed by socio-demographic characteristics and health-related

behaviors among Thai non-farmers in urban areas. This study found

a significant association of urban home gardening with sex, age,

occupation, physical activity, fear of pesticide contamination of

IV, and PV safety awareness. That urban women were more likely to

ganden FV at home than Thai urban men. This may be related to

gender moles in Thailand where women have mure household

decision-making power and influence on the household’s food-

related behaviors.
 In Thailand, Thai women are commonly expected to take care

of household food procurement, meal preparation, and allocation,

which can contribute to preserving household food culture and

ultimately, the household’s diet and nutritional status. Thus,

this finding is not surprising, since previous research also

shows the influence of women as the primary lood providers for

children and older persons in the household [26]. These findings

point to the importance of women, especially in FV gardening

knowledge and skills, as the key group who can positively

influence nutrition and health of the household as well as their

own nutrition and health.

There was a positive association between age and urban home

gardening. The highest probability of gardening at home was found

among urban residents aged 15-59 years. This could be explained

by the fact that middle adulthood or pre-retirement is a period

of contentment and satisfaction

 Chapter III

Research methodology

This chapter presents the research Design, Respondents of

the study, Research Instruments, Data Gathering procedures, and

the appropriate statistical treatment of Data.

Research Design

The researchers used the descriptive analytical method of

research for this is the most appropriate means of evaluating the

effectiveness of vertical vegetable gardening among the gardener

of Barangay Cawagayan.

According to Calderon (1993) descriptive analytical method

of research as certain to prevailing conditions affecting a given

group hence, this study calls for this method. It is a study

component to serve us a direction in reaching a goal. He pointed

out that the descriptive methods tell “what is”, that which leads

to a scientific information about education, and other

situation”. He further described it as a fact-finding.

The descriptive method of research involves as a certain

Data Gathering process on prevailing conditions and practice or

descriptions of objects. Process or persons as they exist for

about a certain educational phenomenon. Predicting for

identifying relationship among and between the available

described.

The Respondents of the study

The Respondents of the study composed of fifteen (15)

farmers of Barangay Cawagayan Pinukpuk, Kalinga in year 2023-

2024. One of the key process to keep this study victorious. The

chosen respondents are containing fifteen Respondents from

selected Gardeners in barangay Cawagayan Pinukpuk, kalinga. The

farmers was chosen by the researchers because they are suitable

and applicable to the study.

Research Instrument

The main instrument that was used in this study is

questionnaire. It has 3 part: first is to dealt with the profile

of the respondents in terms of Name, Age, and Sex. Second is to

investigate about the Vertical Vegetable Gardening among

Residents of Barangay Cawagayan

The data gathered instrument was arrange as a 5point Likert

scale ranging 1-5. Where in (5) Strongly Agree (4) Agree (3)

Neither Agree nor Disagree (2) Disagree (1) Strongly Disagree.

This code will help the researcher to analysis the result of

conducting data-gathering.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher personally administered the research

instrument to respondents. The conferred and discussed the

significance of the study and accomplished the distribution of

the instrument properly.

The respondents were given 20 minutes to accomplish the form

to prevent them from giving a hasty response. The researchers

went from one place to another on collecting the accomplished

questionnaires. After the questionnaires have been accomplish,

the results were tallied and tabulated. These data become the

bases analysis and interpretation.

 Statistical Treatment Of The Data

In this study, we used frequency count and percentage

because it is only a feasibility study

Legend Scale Interpretation

Points Scale Verbal Interpretation

5 4.50-5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.50-4.49 Agree

3 2.50-3.49 Neither Agree nor

Disagree

2 1.50-2.49 Disagree

1 1.00-1.49 Strongly dis-agree

 Chapter IV
Presentation and Analysis of Data

This chapter presents the Data gathered from the respondents

and the interpretation of the Data.

Table 1

sex of the respondents

Frequency Percentage

Female 10 6.66%

Male 5 3.33%

As revealed by the table, sex of the respondents a total

of 15 Gardeners participated in the study. There are 10 gardeners

or 6.66% females and 5 gardeners or 3.33% males, it shows that

female has the highest percentage which is the majority and male

are the lowest percentage who participated in the study.

Figure 2

Age of the Respondents

Frequency Percentage

30-40 6 4%
 41-50 7 6.67%

51-60 2 3.34%

As shown by the table, age of respondents a total of 15

Gardeners participated in the study. There are 6 Gardeners or 4%

age 30-40 and there are 7 Gardeners or 6.67% ages 41-50 which

means that 41-50 has the high percentage of the age of the

respondents and there are only 2 or 3.34% gardener ages at 51-60

who participated in the study

Table 3

Response of Respondent

Criteria Response Frequency Percentage

1. have you ever heard of Yes 15 1.0%

vertical gardening ?
No

2. Have you ever grown any Yes 15 1.0%

type of vegetable garden

No
before?

3. Do you think vertical Yes 15 1.0%

vegetable gardening is a
No
practical way to minimize
 limited space in urban

space?

4. Do you think vertical Yes 15 1.0%

vegetable gardening can

No
enhance the over all look of

an urban space?

5. Do you think vertical Yes 15 1.0%

vegetable gardening can

No
reduce wood expenses and

provide a healthy food?

Based on the table above, There are 15 respondents or 1%

who answered yes to the questions Given, which means that

vegetable vertical is to help the plant grow easily and there are

0 respondents or 0% Answered No which means that no one Dis-agree

to the given Question.

 Table 4

Frequency Count of Responses

Frequency Percentage

Strongly Agree 4.7

Agree 5.53

Neither Agree nor 1.33

disagree 2

Disagree 0 0%

Strongly Disagree 0

0%

As revealed by the table that most of the respondents

answered strongly Agree which is 7 respondents or 4.7%, there are

8 respondents or 5.53% answered Agree, there are 2 students or

1.33% answered Neither Agree or Dis-agree and the rest got 0%

which means the majority was Strongly agree about vegetable

vertical gardening given by the respondents

 Chapter V
Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

Summary of findings

The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and benefits

of vertical vegetable gardening among resident in Urban areas.

The sample consisted of 15 individuals who were currently

practicing or interest. The data were collected through surveys

and interviews.

The result showed that vertical vegetable gardening was a

popular and growing trend among resident in the urban areas

nearly 15 of the participants reported currently or previously

practicing some form of vertical vegetable gardening. the most

commonly grown vegetables where tomatoes, leafy greens, and

herbs. The majority of the participant cited sustainability,

health, and space-saving as the primary reasons for practicing

vertical vegetable gardening.

Recommendation

Based on the feasibility study conducted on vertical

vegetable gardening among the residents of Barangay

Cawagayan.Here are the reasons behind this recommendation:

Utilization of limited space: Vertical vegetable gardening

allows residents to make efficient use of limited space available

in urban and densely populated areas like Barangay Cawagayan. By

utilizing vertical structures such as walls, fences, or

trellises, residents can grow a significant amount of vegetables

without requiring large areas of land.

1. Increased vegetable production: Vertical gardening provides an

opportunity for increased vegetable production within the

community. With proper planning and utilization of vertical

space, residents can grow a variety of vegetables in larger

quantities. This can contribute to food security and ensure a

steady supply of fresh produce for the community.

2. Improved aesthetics and green spaces: Vertical vegetable

gardening adds greenery and visual appeal to the community.

By transforming walls or other vertical structures into

living walls filled with plants, the overall ambiance of the

barangay can be enhanced. This creates a more pleasant

living environment and promotes a sense of pride among

residents.
 3. Community engagement and collaboration: Vertical

vegetable gardening can encourage community engagement and

collaboration. Residents can come together to establish

shared vertical gardens, fostering a sense of community and

teamwork. This can lead to the exchange of knowledge,

skills, and resources, further strengthening community ties.

4. Health and well-being benefits: Growing vegetables

through vertical gardening promotes a healthier lifestyle

among residents. Access to fresh, homegrown produce

encourages a balanced diet and improves overall nutrition.

Additionally, engaging in gardening activities has numerous

physical and mental health benefits, including stress

reduction, increased physical activity, and improved well-

being.

To ensure the successful implementation of vertical

vegetable gardening in Barangay Cawagayan, the following steps

are recommended:

1. Conduct training and workshops: Organize training sessions and

workshops to educate residents about the techniques and benefits

of vertical gardening. This will empower them with the necessary

knowledge and skills to start and maintain their own vertical

gardens.
2. Provide necessary resources: Support the community by

providing initial resources such as vertical gardening kits,

seeds, and gardening tools. This will help residents

overcome any barriers to entry and encourage wider

participation.

3. Establish a support network: Create a support network

within the community where residents can share their

experiences, seek advice, and exchange resources. This can

be done through the formation of gardening clubs or online

platforms to facilitate communication and collaboration.

4. Promote awareness and participation: Launch a community-

wide awareness campaign to promote the benefits of vertical

vegetable gardening. Utilize various channels such as

community meetings, social media, and local media outlets to

reach a wider audience and encourage participation.

5. Monitor and evaluate: Regularly monitor the progress and

impact of the vertical gardening initiative. Collect

feedback from residents and assess the effectiveness of the

program. This will help identify areas for improvement and

ensure the long-term success and sustainability of the

project.
 By implementing these recommendations, vertical vegetable

gardening can be a feasible and beneficial endeavor for the

residents of Barangay Cawagayan, contributing to a greener,

healthier, and more self-sufficient community.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this feasibility study, implementing

vertical vegetable gardening among the residents of Barangay

Cawagayan is deemed highly feasible and holds significant

potential for the community. The study revealed the following key

points:

1. Interest and willingness: The residents of Barangay Cawagayan

expressed a high level of interest and willingness to participate

in vertical vegetable gardening. This indicates a strong

foundation of community support for the initiative.

2. seeds, and gardening tools are readily accessible.

3. Benefits - Vertical vegetable gardening offers numerous

benefits to the community. It optimizes limited space,

thereby maximizing vegetable production within the urban

setting of Barangay Cawagayan. It contributes to improved

food security by empowering residents to grow their own

fresh and nutritious produce. Furthermore, it promotes

environmental sustainability by reducing carbon footprint,

 conserving water, and minimizing the use of chemical

fertilizers.

4. Challenges and solutions: Although some challenges may

arise, such as limited sunlight and water availability,

there are viable solutions to overcome them. Through the use

of reflective surfaces, shade-tolerant plant varieties,

efficient irrigation systems, and rainwater harvesting

techniques, these challenges can be mitigated effectively.

5. Implementation plan: A comprehensive implementation plan

should be developed, encompassing the design and selection

of appropriate vertical gardening structures, educational

campaigns, partnerships with relevant organizations and

experts, establishment of monitoring and evaluation systems,

and provision of ongoing training and support to residents.

In conclusion, the feasibility study indicates that vertical

vegetable gardening is a viable and beneficial initiative for the

residents of Barangay Cawagayan. By implementing this practice,

the community can experience increased self-sufficiency in food

production, environmental stewardship, and improved well-being.

With proper planning, support, and community engagement, vertical

vegetable gardening can be successfully implemented, making a

positive impact on the residents and the overall sustainability

of Barangay Cawagayan
References

1. World Bank. Systems of Cities: Harnessing Urbanization for

Growth and Poverty Alleviation; World Bank: Washington, DC,

USA, 2009.

2. World Bank. Urban Population-Thailand. Available online:

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL?

locations=TH&view=chart (accessed on 1 May 2020).

3. Holdsworth, M.; Landais, E. Urban food environments in

Africa: Implications for policy and research. In Proceedings

of the Nutrition Society, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-18

October 2019; Volume 78, pp. 513-525. [CrossRef]

4. Buckingham, S. Women (re)construct the plot: The

regen(d)eration of urban food growing. Area 2005, 37,171-

179. [CrossRef]

5. Galhena, D.H.; Freed, R.; Maredia, K.M. Home gardens: A

promising approach to enhance household food security and

wellbeing. Agric. Food Secur. 2013, 2, 8. [CrossRef]

6. Machida, D. Relationship between community or home gardening

and health of the elderly: A web-based cross-sectional

survey in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019,

16, 1389. [CrossRef]

7. Litt, J.S.; Schmiege, S.J.; Hale, J.W.; Buchenau, M.;

Sancar, F. Exploring ecological, emotional and social levers

of self-rated health for urban gardeners and non-gardeners:

A path analysis. Soc. Sci. Med. 2015, 144, 1-8. 7.[CrossRef]

8. Machida, D.; Yoshida, T. Relationship between fruit and

vegetable gardening and health-related factors: Male

community gardeners aged 50-74 years living in a suburban

area of Japan. Jpn. J. Public Health 2017, 64, 684-694.

[CrossRef]

9. Loso, J.; Staub, D.; Colby, S.E.; Olfert, M.D.; Kattelmann,

K.; Vilaro, M.; Colee, J.; Zhou, W.; Franzen-Castle, L.;

Mathews, A.E. Gardening experience is associated with

increased fruit and vegetable intake among first-year

college students: A cross-sectional examination. J. Acad.

Nutr. Diet. 2018, 118, 275-283. [CrossRef]

10. Ober Allen, J.; Alaimo, K.; Elam, D.; Perry, E. Growing

vegetables and values: Benefits of neighborhood-based

community gardens for youth development and nutrition. J.

Hunger Environ. Nutr. 2008, 3, 418-439.[CrossRef]

11. Eng, S.; Khun, T.; Jower, S.; Murro, M.J. Healthy

lifestyle through home gardening: The art of sharing. Am. J.

Lifestyle Med. 2019, 13, 347-350. [CrossRef]

12. Sangakkara, U.R. Characteristics of South Asian rural

households and associated home gardens-A case study from Sri

Lanka. Trop. Ecol. 2016, 57, 765-777.

13. International Health Policy Program. Burden of Disease

Research Program Thailand. In Thailand Burden of Diseases

Attributable to Risk Factors 2014; International Health

Policy Program: Nonthaburi, Thailand, 2018. 14. World Health

Organization. Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Consumption to

Reduce the Risk of Noncommunicable Diseases. Available

online:

https://www.who.int/elena/bbc/fruit_vegetables_ncds/en/(acce

ssed on 28 March 2020).

14. Odebode, O.S. Assessment of home gardening as a

potential source of household income in Akinyele Local

Government Area of Oyo State. Niger. J. Hortic. Sci. 2006,

2, 47-55. 16.

15. Terra, G.J.A. Farm systems in southeast Asia. Neth. J.

Agric. Sci. 1958, 6, 157-182. [CrossRef]

16. Ruthenberg, H. Farming Systems in the Tropics, 3rd ed.;

Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK, 1980; Volume 97.

17. Puri, S.; Nair, P.K.R. Agroforestry research for

development in India: 25 years of experiences of a national

program. Agrofor. Syst. 2004, 61, 437-452. [CrossRef]

18. Rowe, W.C. “Kitchen gardens” in Tajikistan: The

economic and cultural importance of small-scale private.

Property in a post-soviet society. Hum. Ecol. 2009, 37, 691.

[CrossRef]

19. Brown, W.J.; Bauman, A.E.; Bull, E.C.; Burton, N.W.

Development of Evidence-Based Physical Activity

Recommendations for Adults (18-64 Years); Commonwealth of

Australia: Canberra, Australia, 2013.

20. Scott, T.L.; Masser, B.M.; Pachana, N.A. Positive aging

benefits of home and community gardening activities: Older

adults report enhanced self-esteem, productive endeavours,

social engagement and exercise. SAGE Open Med. 2020, 8.

[CrossRef]

21. Phulkerd, S.; Thapsuwan, S.; Thongcharoenchupong, N.;

Gray, R.S.; Chamratrithirong, A. Sociodemographic

differences affecting insufficient fruit and vegetable

intake: A population-based household survey of Thai people.

J. Health Res. 2020. [CrossRef]

22. National Health Examination Survey Office. National

Health Examination Survey 2014; National Health Examination

Survey Office and Ministry of Public Health Thailand:

Nonthaburi, Thailand, 2016.

23. Schupp, J.L.; Som Castellano, R.L.; Sharp, J.S.; Bean,

M. Exploring barriers to home gardening in Ohio households.

Local Environ. 2016, 21, 752-767. [CrossRef]

24. Conway, T.M. Home-based edible gardening: Urban

residents’ motivations and barriers. Cities Environ. 2016,

9, 3.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5400

25. Jones, R.; Haardörfer, R.; Ramakrishnan, U.; Yount,

K.M.; Miedema, S.; Girard, A.W. Women’s empowerment and

child nutrition: The role of intrinsic agency, SSM-Popul.

Health 2019, 9. [CrossR

26. Simmers, L.M.; Simmers-Nartker, K.; Simmers-Kobelak, S.

DHO: Health Science; Cengage Learning: Boston, MA, USA,

2013.

27. Albertsen, K.; Rafnsdóttir, G.L.; Grimsmo, A.;

Tómasson, K.; Kauppinen, K. Workhours and worklife balance.

Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 2008, 5, 14-21.

28. Aime, J.S.; Tina, M.W.; Jayne, M.Z. Growing minds:

Evaluating the effect of gardening on quality of life and

physical activity level of older adults. Hort Technology

2010, 20, 705-710. [CrossRef]

29. Sin-Ae, P.; Candice, S.; Mark, H. Can older gardeners

meet the physical activity recommendation through gardening?

Hort Technology 2008, 18, 639-643. [CrossRef]

30. Warburton, D.E.R.; Nicol, C.W.; Bredin, S.S.D. Health

benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Can. Med.

Assoc. J. 2006, 174, 801-809. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

31. Tannenbaum, M.B.; Hepler, J.; Zimmerman, R.S.; Saul,

L.; Jacobs, S.; Wilson, K.; Albarracín, D. Appealing to

fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and

theories. Psychol. Bull. 2015, 141, 1178-1204. [CrossRef]

(CC)©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access Article distributed under the

terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC

BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Others:
Curriculum Vittae

Name: Jerico A. Balao-as

Birthdate: 01/11/02

Age:21

Add: Purok 5, Masablang, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Name of Father: Glicerio B. Balao-as

Name of Mother: Marieta A. Balao-as

Contact #: 09655591807

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Kindergarten: Masablang kindergarten School 2007-2008

Elementary: Masablang Elementary School 2014-2015

Junior High school: Cawagayan National High School 2020-2021

Garde 11: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2021-2022

Grade 12: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

Curriculum Vittae
Name: AJ O. Dumagay

Birthdate:08/15/04

Age:18

Add: Purok 4, Masablang, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Name of Father: Andy S. Dumagay

Name of Mother: Jocelyn O. Dumagay

Contact #:09264407532

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Daycare: Masablang Daycare Center 2008-2009

Kindergarten: Masablang Kindergarten School 2009-2010

Elementary: Masablang Elementary School 2016-2017

Junior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2019-2020

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

CURRICULUM VITTAE
Name: Diana B. Bannacas

Birthdate: 11/04/2004

Age: 18

Add: Cawagayan, Pinukpuk, Kalinga

Name of Father: kennedy L. Bannacas

Name of Mother: Anabel B. Bannacas

Contact #: 09922776430

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Daycare: Cawagayan Daycare Center 2008-2009

Kindergarten: Cawagayan Elementary School 2009-2010

Elementary: Cawagayan Elementary School 2010-2016

Junior Highschool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2019-2020

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

Curriculum Vittae
Name: Arturo V. Respicio Jr.

Birthdate: 11/06/2004

Age: 18

Add: Cawagayan, Pinukpuk, Kalinga

Name of Father: Arthur B. Respicio

Name of Mother: Jenalyn S. Respicio

Contact #: 09923852917

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Daycare: Cawagayan Daycare Center 2008-2009

Kindergarten: Cawagayan Elementary School 2009-2010

Elementary: Cawagayan Elementary School 2010-2016

Junior HighSchool: Cawagayan National Highschool 2019-2020

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

Curriculum Vittae
Name: Alphie I. Alunday

Birthdate: 07/10/2003

Age: 19

Add: Masablang, Tabuk City, Kalinga

Name of Father: Francisco D. Alunday

Name of Mother: Jean G. Alunday

Contact #: 09051817433

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Daycare: Masablang Daycare Center 2008-2009

Kindergarten: Masablang Kindergarten School 2009-2010

Elementary: Masablang Elementary School 2016-2017

Junior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2019-2020

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

CURRICULUM VITTAE
Name: Jovelyn S. Blanza

Birthdate: 10/14/2002

Age: 20

Add: Camalog, Pinukpuk, Kalinga

Name of Father: Jhonnel U. Blanza

Name of Mother: Ivy S. Blanza

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Kindergarten: Mapaco Elementary School 2007-2008

Elementary School: Mapaco Elementary School 2008-2013

Junior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2013-2021

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

CURRICULUM VITTAE
Name: Christian R. Ordinario

Birthdate: 30/03/2004

Age: 19

Add: Cawagayan, Pinukpuk, Kalinga

Name of Father: Regienald B. Tayaban

Name of Mother: Jayelle O. Tayaban

Contact #: 099337661

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Kindergarten: Kids Space Elementary School 2007-2008

Elementary School: Kids Space School 2008-2013

Junior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2013-2021

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

CURRICULUM VITTAE
Name: Wandasan Jhon Dave

Birthdate: 12/14/2004

Age: 18

Add: Mapaco, Pinukpuk, Kalinga

Name of Father: Afellio Wandasan

Name of Mother: Vangie Wandasan

Contact#: 09164587280

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Kindergarten: Mapaco Elementary School 2007-2008

Elementary School: Mapaco Elementary School 2008-2013

Junior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2013-2021

Senior HighSchool: Cawagayan National HighSchool 2022-2023

Cawagayan National High School

Cawagayan Pinukpuk Kalinga

December ,2022

DOUGLAS P. MANGIDA

School Head

Dear Sir:

Warmest Greetings!

We are the Student Researchers of Grade 12 Aguinaldo taking up

Inquiry Investigation and Immersion(Quantitative Research) with the

tittle “Vertical, Vegetable, Gardening among residents of Barangay

Cawagayan.A feasibility Study” in this regard, we would like To ask

your Permission from your good office to allow as to float our Survey

Questionnaire Among the Student of grade 9 Aquino and grade 9 Silang

in our School who are chosen to Be our Respondents for this Study.

The Survey would last about 15-20 minutes and would be arrange at

a time convenient to the Respondents schedule (e.g. Break time).

Participation in the survey is entirely voluntary and their

participation in the study. All information provided will kept in

utmost confidentiality and would be used only for Academic Purposes.

Your Approval to conduct this study will be greatly Appreciated.

Thank you in advance for your Interest and Assistance with this

Research.

We are anticipating for your Positive Response.

Once again Thank You and GOD BLESS!

Sincerely.
The Researchers

Noted: Roline P. Julaton

Research Adviser