booName of Members: Mary Divine Rudinas, Drake Wrigley Lataza, Astrae Tessaly

Romano, Jexogray Libato, Lawrence Haincadtu, Jasper Jon Amante

Group Number: 5
Grade & Section: 11- STEM 1

EXPERIMENT #1
Matter and Its Properties

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is the fundamental building
blocks of the universe and is found in everything around us. Matter can exist as solid,
liquid, gas or plasma and can undergo physical and chemical changes. It also has
several properties that can be used to describe and classify it. By studying the
properties of matter, we can better understand the behavior of different materials and
how they interact with each other.

I. OBJECTIVES

● Identify common chemical substances found at home.

● Use properties of matter to identify substances.
● Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances.
● Apply simple separation techniques such as distillation, chromatography,
filtration.

II. MATERIALS

● Powdered juice
● Distilled water
● Sand
● Cornstarch
● Cooking Oil
● Spatula or Spoon
● Powdered Milk
● Beaker
● Stirring Rod
● Filter Paper

III. PROCEDURES

I. Properties of Matter
1. Examine and observe the physical and chemical properties of the powdered
juice, distilled water, sand, cornstarch, cooking oil and powdered milk.
 2. Create a table for your observations and label your table.
3. Make a flowchart of your classifications according to their physical and
chemical properties.

II. Separation of Mixtures:

1. In your table, you are given two mixtures:
i. Mixture A is composed of sand, iron filings and water.
ii. Mixture B is your unknown mixture.

2. Obtain mixture A and perform a filtration process using a gravity filtration set-
up. Note your observations on the before and after the filtration process. What
is your residue composed of? How about your filtrate? Describe the appearance
of your residue and filtrate.
3. Obtain mixture B. Develop a flowchart showing a mechanism on how to
separate the mixtures into its individual original components.
4. Perform the mechanism you have developed in number 3.
5. Write your observations in your journal.

IV. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

I. Properties of Matter

SUBSTANCE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. Powdered juice - Grainy (fined - Acidic

powder)
- Whitish orange

2. Distilled water - Clear / Colorless - Neutral pH level

- Odorless - Low electrical
- 100° boiling point conductivity

3. Sand - Grainy solid, - Stable under

darkish brown normal condition
- Insoluble to water
- Light weight

4. Cornstarch - Soluble to water - Stable at ambient

- White powder color temperature
- Made up of long-
 chains of glucose
molecules which are
bonded

5. Cooking oil - Less density - Composed of

- Viscosity triglycerides
- Yellowish in color - Can undergo
oxidation when
heated

6. Powdered Milk - White fine powder - Slightly acidic

- Sweet - Has hygroscopicity
- Soluble to water property

II. Separation of Mixtures

1.)
 MIXTURE Components Observations

A Sand, iron filings, and - The water is dirty and

water the sand and iron
filings get mixed and
submerged in water.
- Can be attract by a
magnet.
- Heterogeneous and
brownish/darkish.

B Unknown - Grainy and dark

solid.
- Can be attracted by a
magnet.

2.)
The residue is composed of a mixture of iron filings and sand that is trapped with a
little content of water. The filtrate however is made only by water.

The residue is both brownish and dark with a grainy appearance and also it is wet.
While the filtrate is pure water with no sand or iron filings and it is more clear.

3.)
 V. POST LABORATORY QUESTIONS

6.)

7.)
● Filtration - In filtering the water and dirt to keep it/ make sure it’s clean using
filter paper.
● Evaporation - During water treatment, evaporation is essential in the water
treatment process specially in desalination plants.
● Distillation - -In purification of water to remake impurities from water.
● Decantation - We can use it in cooling, by separating immiscible liquids like oil
mixed with water.
● Chromatography - -It can be used for Forensic Investigation.

8.) Chromatography helps forensic science in the analysis and identity of various
substances and compounds found at a crime scene.

One example of Chromatography in Forensic Science is the analysis of drug

samples. Forensic chemists often encounter mixtures of illicit drugs such as cocaine,
heroin or methamphetamine that need to be identified and quantified. Gas
chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are
commonly used in doing analysis
VI. CONCLUSION

A mixture is formed when two or more substances are physically combined.

There are two categories of mixtures: homogeneous mixtures, which are uniform
throughout, and heterogeneous mixtures, which are not uniform. The components of a
mixture can be separated using methods that exploit differences in their physical
properties. In this particular experiment, there are two mixtures, and both of them are
heterogeneous. In Mixture A, it consists of sand, iron filings, and water. The water is
dirty, and the sand and iron filings were mixed and submerged in the water. To extract
the components of Mixture A, we employed the filtration technique. We used an
erlenmeyer flask as the container, a funnel to hold the filter paper, and filter paper to
separate the solids from the liquid. After completing the filtration process, the water
became clearer, and the residue remained on the filter paper. Mixture B, on the other
hand, consists of sand and iron filings. The sand and iron filings can be easily
distinguished but are difficult to separate. However, by using a magnet, we were
successful in separating the components of Mixture B. In conclusion, separating
heterogeneous mixtures is easier because the individual components can be easily
distinguished. Unlike homogeneous mixtures, where the components are not visible,
the individual components of a heterogeneous mixture can be separated more easily.