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    Carlos Franco

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    of 11
    2 Paleontoloaists are seclentista who study fossils __.9 Index fossils can help identify rock Iayors of the same age in different places 4. Relative dating relies on the postion of fossile within a rock column. 5. Carbon-14 dating can be used to date fossils that are up to 6 milion years old 6. Radioactive decay is @ random process inal occurs et 8 xed rate /) Molecular Clocks SuPpon a universal common ancestor Yor ai 6. Eras of the geologic ime scaie are divided imio wor, ¥, Only one mass extinction nas ever occurred in tne history ot ie on Earn 10. The fossil record does not suppor the idea of a common ancestor of al life on Earth, 11, The rate of evolution is always the same. 42. Geographic changes can affect patterns of evolution. Critical Rea Read this 9 18 from the lesson and answer the questions that follow. A Geologic Time Scale Measures the Evolution of Litre Observation of rock layers, dating techniques, and correlation of similar streta from around the. world led to the development of a geologic time scale, How does the scale divide the 4.6 bition years of Eann's nistory? What themes emerge trom ns stones of ine past? One iname ts ne simost Lunimaginabie amounts of time in Earths history. The deep time of Earth's history is far veyona our ‘experience, and our knowledge 18 far more detailed for recent periods than for the distant past. A ‘scale divided into evenly spaced periods of ime would not show this recent detail, 8o the divisions of the geologic time scale are not evenly spaced. Instead, they mark major changes in Earth's climate, geography, atmosphere, and life, In the geologic time scale, the largest units of time are eons, Eons include smaller units called eras, which in tum include periods. epochs, and stages. Faunal stages identity specific fossil groups. Terms such as upper (or late) and lower (or early) may D8 used to divide Units into more or less recent subdivisions. The total history of Earth comprises: four eons, From most to least recent they are the Phanerozoic, Proterozoie, Archean, nd Hacean. Thair names refer to @ second major theme of Earth's history: the evolution of ite. Phanerozoic ‘means ‘visible life * The Phanerozoic Eon spans the most recent 648 millon years of Eann's history. It's divided into three eras well known for their chronicle of Ife in the fossil record: + The Cenozoic ("recent ite") Era ms ihe present era. itis tne era we Numans lve in, + TM@ MesozoVc ("miaale Ire") Era precedes Ine CendzOIc Ere. It 18 ine miagie era oF Ine Pnanerozoie kon, + Tne Paleozoic ("old He") Era 18 O10eBK erm OF Ne PNanerozoIc Eon. It begins win ine Gamonen Period, when tne frst great explosion of te occurred, For the first ume in ine Cambnan, living things were composed of hard parts thal tured to fossils and left @ record of their lives. (The name “Cambnan’ refers to where these fossils were first studied.) Proterozoic means "before complex life." The Proterozoic Eon precedes the Phanerozoic Eon. It ‘extends back to 2 5 billion years ago, The Archean (‘ancient’) Eon precedes the Proterozoic Eon. ‘The Hadean (“unseen”) Eon reaches back to the formation of Earth. These three oldest eons are ‘combined in the Precambrian Supereon, which includes all of Earth's history up to ine Campnan explosion oF ie Queswene 1. How long Is the history of Earth? ( 4 + ul Gill yur > mat i ine paste for oneions of ne gantogye tme semie? The fuswim 0F (he geal . : KY OF The geal, fou oh ove atl catty spied at recent een ofthe geelagle time eeale, and what eres doee ft incude? 3, What Is the mat Phe haere ‘4 fneny cesenne me nrst irae eons of Fann’ Mistry 2 lverwon 4, Permian Period _L. 5 Mesozoic Era + Pangaes 1. Jurassic Period 8. Cenozoic Era 9. Paleocene Epoch 10 Holocene Epoch Oefinition 4: fit te plant ove on land 'b supercontinent that eventually broke up into all (he continents we know toaay ‘© most recent era of the geologic time scale d. geologic ore that starts with the Cambrian Period ‘8. frst epoch of the Cenozoic Ere ¢ era known asthe “age of dinosaurs 49. curent epocn or the geologic time weale 1. arthropod that was common during the Cambrian Penoa | last period of the Paleozoic Era |. period of the Mesozoic Era when \aroe dinosaurs were wioespres Multiple Choice Circa the letter of the correct choiee 1. Th wotar system formed from a 8 protocei >. protopimam. €. protopianet. 1 protoplanetary asx | Mier ana Urey tested ine nypotnesie tnat conamons on pnmruve Eann would nave alowed Ine ‘© formation of living cells from organic molecules, . Syntnesis of organic molecules from inorganic precursors 6. evolution of eukaryotic organisms from prokaryotic organisms {2 development of ONA and RNA from primitive protein molecules, 3. The idea that a replicator molecule evolved before the evolution of biochemical parnways '® known as ine 4, metapolic-painway mode! . enaosymbiotic model, cpenes-nrst moas! 6. replicator mode) 4. Tne exogenesis nypomnesis 18 supported By Ine aiscovery oF 4 Arcnaebactenia In hydrothermal vents, ©. circular OA In mnocnenane ¢ living cells in biack smoxere 4G, organic moiecures in space, ‘5. The eartiest life on Earth most likely evolved during tne (Proterozoic Fon Primitive Eon, © Primeval Fon d Hadean Bon 4 tong ett proaryoes one sical they split into two maior crouos. called the Eubacteria ano Provera, D Euxaryote 6, mitocnonana, ‘a. Arcnaebactena 7. Berore ine evolution of pnotosyninesis, organisms were 8 aerooi: vawasive decay and the pressure of contraction. As @ result, Earth was molten at frst, Heavy venta sank to the center, and lighter ones traveled to the surface, Heat and solar wind meant that early Earth had no atmosphere or oceans. Eventually, contraction and cooling allowed formation of a crust and retention of an atmosphere, However, continued bombardment melted Portions of the crust for @ jong time, About 4 6 bilion years ago, Earth colided with another protoplanet. named Thela. This "Big Whack’ gave Earth its moon and tited Earth on its current axis The tit led to the seasons, which now influence so much of Ie's diversity, ‘The Big Whack may also have initiated plate tectonic activity by speeding up Earth’s rotation. Tne

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