Productivity Improvement of Coco Scrub Through Redesigning Gluing Machine at PEC

Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY JPLPC-Malvar

Malvar, Batangas
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

“PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF COCO SCRUB THROUGH
REDESIGNING OF GLUING MACHINE AT PILIPILINAS ECO-FIBER
CORPORATION”
An Undergraduate Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Engineering and Computing Sciences
Batangas State University JPLPC-Malvar
Malvar, Batangas
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering
MANALO, ANGELA G.
MANAOG, ALYZA C.
PERIDO, CAMILLE ANN M.
Engr. JOEL R. CORNEJO

Adviser
December 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET
This undergraduate research study entitled, “PRODUCTIVITY

IMPROVEMENT THROUGH REDESIGNING OF GLUING MACHINE AT
PILIPILINAS ECO-FIBER CORPORATION’’, prepared and submitted by
MANALO, ANGELA G., MANAOG, ALYZA C., and PERIDO, CAMILLE ANN
M., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree, Bachelor of Science in
Industrial Engineering, has been examined and is recommended for Oral Examination.
JOEL R. CORNEJO, MSIE

Adviser
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of passed.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
ENGR. LEOVEN A. AUSTRIA

Chairperson
ENGR. NORXINE MONTALBO ENGR. MERESOL D. CALOSA

Member Member
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Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree,
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering.
AMADO C. GEQUINTO, Ph. D.

Dean of Colleges
December 2020
Date
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
With endless appreciation, the researchers would like to convey their deepest
gratitude to the following persons who have been a great help in achieving the fruitful
research work. If it’s not with their guidance, this paper would not be made possible.
To Engr. Joel R. Cornejo, thesis adviser, for his unending patience,
encouragement, understanding, and for providing information needed for the study to be
done. His advices were such a big help for them in doing research and writing of this
thesis;
To, Engr. Leoven A. Austria the chairperson of the panel of examiners, for his
prolific analysis and expertise that he had partaken towards the betterment and realization
of the study;
To Engr. Norxine L. Montalbo, a member of the panel, for his guidance that
helped enlightened the view of the researchers in conducting the study and also for his
encouragement, truthful comments, and immense knowledge;
To Engr. Meresol D. Calosa, one of the panelists, for sharing his knowledge
with regards to this paper to help the researchers improve this research work and for his
kind and positive criticism for the development of this study;
To Mr. Mark Joseph Lector, the Operator Manager in Pilipinas Eco-Fiber
Corporation., for her great contribution in the study by allowing the proponents to
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conduct the study, and to her co-employees, for helping and providing relevant data and
information that were needed in the study;
To the researchers’ loving families, for their immeasurable love, boundless
support in all aspects for understanding, patience, and for providing the researchers the
drive to continue especially in times of discouragements and hardships;
Above all, to the Almighty Father, for providing the researchers with all the
blessings, guidance, protection, inspiration, wisdom, knowledge, and the strength they
were able to use to endure all challenges.
- The Researchers
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DEDICATION
With our deepest appreciation
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved
Parents,
Who have been our source of inspiration and strength when we thought of giving up. The
ones who continually provide their moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial support.
Brothers, Sisters, Mentor, Friends, and Classmates,
Who shared their words of advice and encouragement to finish this study.
Lastly, we would like to dedicate this book to the
Almighty God,
Thank you for the guidance, strength, power of mind, protection, and skills and
for giving us a healthy life. All of these, we offer to you.
-Angela
-Alyza
-Camille
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“PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF COCO SCRUB THROUGH

REDESIGNING OF GLUING MACHINE AT PILIPILINAS ECO-FIBER
CORPORATION”
Batangas State University JPLPC –Malvar
Engr. Joel R. Cornejo, Angela G. Manalo, Alyza C. Manaog, and Camille Ann M. Perido
cornejo.joel@yahoo.com, angelamanalo212@yahoo.com, alyzamanaog14@gmail.com,

camilleannperido@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Satisfying customer needs is necessary to enable a business to survive in the

industry. Improvement of every aspect of the enterprise, product, process, system and so
on plays a big role in fulfilling the customer’s demand.
This study was conducted at Pilipinas Eco-Fiber Corporation and will give
attention to the productivity and automation of gluing machine. The researchers
conducted this study to identify the problem that caused the product waste. The existing
manual process of gluing process results a long cycle time. This resulted to the delay in
the production process. The proponents sought for improving the process in order to
avoid the idle time, thus the researchers have come up with an idea of introducing the
gluing machine. The study used the approach of Methods Engineering as a tool for
problem solving. It introduced an improvement that will make the process easier to
perform in shortest time. In addition, Why-why analysis, Time Study and Flow Process
Chart are also used to identify the areas for improvement. With the implementation of the
study through an gluing machine in the process of manual gluing a coco scrub, the
unnecessary process will be eliminated, and the company will meet 36.88% improvement
in its productivity with 70.14 minutes of processing time. This will increase and add a
valuable impact on the company’s profitability as well as in company’s goal of
maintaining a better-quality product at the right time and at the right quantity.
Keywords: Productivity Improvement, Unnecessary Process, Gluing Machine,
Idle time, Why-why Analysis, Time and Motion Study
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………... I
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………….. ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT…………………………………………………. iii
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………… iv
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………. V
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………… vi
LIST OF TABLE…………………………………………………………. ix
x
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………….
xi
LIST OF PLATES………………………………………………………...
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction……………………………………………………. 1
Statement of the Problem……………………………………… 5
Significance of the Study……………………………………… 6
Scopes, Limitations, and Delimitations of the Study………...... 7
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II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Conceptual Literature………………………………………….. 8
Related Literature……………………………………………… 11
Synthesis……………………………………………………….. 16
Conceptual Framework………………………………………... 19
Definition of Terms…………………………………………… 20
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………….. 22
Sources of Data………………….…………………………….. 23
Method of Data Collection………...……….………….………. 24
Analytical Procedures………………….………………………. 26
IV. PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Current Status of making the coco scrub……………….……… 28
Problems encountered in the current production………………... 37
Solution to the problem………………….……………………… 40
Proposed Gluing Machine………………….…………………… 45
Effectiveness of the Gluing Machine…………………………… 46
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V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings………………….………………………... 47
Conclusions………………….………………………………….. 48
Recommendations………………….…………………………… 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51
APPENDICES 52
A. Company Profile………………….…………………………………….. 53
B. Records of Time Study………………….……………………………... 57
C. Computations………………….………………………………………... 60
D. Existing Manual Gluing ………………………………………………... 62
E. Proposed Automated Gluing Machine …………….…………………… 64
F. Certifications………………….………………………………………… 66
G. Project Gantt Chart ................................................... 72
H. Curriculum Vitae ……………….……………………………………. 82
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Page
1 Conceptual Framework…….……………………….……...…….. 20
2. The Production Process…….…………………...……………... 28
3. Existing Process Layout ……………..…..…………………….. 34
4. Process Time of Coco scrub in minutes…………………….…... 34
5. Target Demand vs. Output of the coco scrub in PEC………… 36
6. Why Why Analysis……....…………………………………….. 39
7. Number of Units Produced per Month…….………………….. 48
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Coconut fiber is obtained from ripe coconut. It is a natural fibre extracted from
the husk of coconut. It can be recreated into different kind of products such as stitched
coir pads and mats, plant liners, coco nets, coco sacks, coco trays and pots, and coco peat
promoting a healthier and greener environment.
Adhesive is a social substance and can be defined as a mixture in a liquid or semi-
liquid state, capable to join permanently to surfaces, by an adhesive process. Every
coconut fiber construction needs a quality gluing. During the early stages of construction,
it may be required to glue several narrow pieces to form a compact coco fiber. All in all,
proper gluing is a must to avoid white marks and patchy formation of glue when it dries.
The study entitled, “Productivity Improvement of Coco Scrub through
Redesigning of Gluing Machine in Pilipilinas Eco-Fiber Corporation” aimed to create a
machine that would eliminate the waste in gluing a coco scrub to have a target production
in a time. Once the machine has been turned on and the coco scrub has been placed, the
machine would turn down automatically and would dip it into the glue. When it would go
up, the upper part would vibrate to drip the glue and flatten the foundation of glue in coco
scrub.
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The researchers wanted to develop coco scrub gluing machine that would offer so
many advantages like maintenance stocks of coco scrub, easy control of gluing
parameters, increased capacity, and ergonomically correct for employees. This machine
would be an ideal gluing equipment which would be efficient in draining glued coco
scrub and producing more dried coconut fiber in stocks of coco scrub in a short period of
time.
Productivity has been generally defined as the ratio of an extent of output to the
unit of all of the resources used to produce this output. Productivity usually deviates from
production. Production concerns with an increment in output over a given span of time;
productivity is concerned with the ratio of output to an input. With the correct choices,
improved production, higher values and elevated incomes can be accomplished for every
hour worked (Prathamesh P. Kulkarniet.al., 2013).
According to many researchers, the best way to improve productivity is by
eliminating or reducing time consuming actions which generally do not contribute in
actual production. It is a way by which one can reduce the cost & increase productivity,
which also increases annual profitability of the industry (Prathamesh P. Kulkarniet.al.,
2013).
The study has come up to identify the cause problem using different Industrial
Engineering tools such as Why-why Analysis and Time Study.
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Why-why Analysis is the process of identifying causal factors using a structure
approach with techniques designed to provide a focus for identifying and resolving the
problems. It is a tool the assists groups or individuals in identifying the cause’s problems
(Jiem, 2008). Why-why analysis is a method that helps to determine the cause-effect
relationships in a problem or a failure event. Through Why-why analysis, it is simple to
try solving a stated problem without a large detailed investigation requiring many
resources. The researchers used this tool to know the real cause of the problem or
situation in coco scrub gluing process. Through this tool, researchers found it much easier
to identify what was needed to be improved and what problem must be solved.
Time study contains wide diversity of procedure to determine the amount of time
require, under an excellent measurement of the state, for work associated with the human,
machine, or a combination of both. It is introduced by Frederick W. Taylor since the year
1881 but is still widely used as a method of rime study. Generally, time study is used to
measure work. The decision results than the time study is the period in which a person in
accordance with a job or task and fully trained to use a specific method, will perform a
task if the worker in the normal or expert. This is called the time standard for operation.
(Time and Motion Study: An Introduction to Methods, Time Study and Wage Payment,
2012). Researchers used this tool to clearly specify and monitor the rate at which a
process should be occurring at various production stages. Furthermore, with this method,
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the researchers could prove that they could reduce the time that it would take to glue and
drip the coco scrub in gluing process.
The researchers have proposed a Gluing Machine through work measurement to
reduce the production waste which would lead to increased production output and prevent
delays. The researchers were looking forward that the implementation of gluing machine
would create a favorable impact in the production of coco scrub and its positive impact in
the production plan.
Company Profile
Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation (PEC or Pilipinas Ecofiber) is a social enterprise
pursuing triple bottom lines of economic and financial viability, environmental
sustainability and social equity. In addition to profits, it cares for the planet and people,
particularly, coconut farming communities.
Pilipinas Ecofiber is a leading manufacturer of processed coco fiber and coco
peat. It has over 47 years of experience and track record as a manufacturer of processed
coco fiber and coco peat. It was used to be called Soriano Multi-Purpose Fiber
Corporation, but in September 2011 its corporate name was changed with the approval of
the Securities and Exchange Commission. Pilipinas Ecofiber is a wholly owned
subsidiary of the Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc. (FSSI), which acquired it in
June 2006.
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Pilipinas Ecofiber has operations in the provinces of Laguna, Quezon and Albay
(all in the southern parts of Luzon Island), processing fiber from coconut husks. It has
new and emerging partnerships with coconut farming communities in Camarines Norte,
Camarines Sur and Quezon provinces. PEC’s main office is located at Km. 79, Brgy. San
Mateo, San Pablo City, 4000 Laguna, Philippines. It supplies coco mats made of stitched
fiber to local furniture and bed manufacturers, and has both a domestic and export market
for various products such as stitched coir pads and mats, plant liners, coco nets, coco
sacks, coco trays and pots, and coco peat. The company has exported its products to the
United States, Canada, Japan, Korea, China, France and Australia. It has a growing
domestic market for coco peat among horticulture businesses, hog- and poultry raisers,
and vegetable farmers. It has a solid domestic market for geotextiles, bio logs, and the
like for soil erosion control.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study aimed to increase productivity of Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation by
applying the Lean Automation. It aimed to improve efficiency of the production and
contribute to progress of the company upon the completion of the study.
1. What is the current status of gluing a coco scrub at Pilipinas Ecofiber
Corporation?
1.1 Process;
1.2 Productivity; and

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1.3 Efficiency?
2. What are the problems encountered in gluing a coco scrub?
3. What improvement can be proposed to address the problem identified?
3.1 Process;
3.2 Productivity;
3.3 Efficiency?
4. How will the gluing machine be designed with regard to?
4.1 Components and Parts;
4.2 Usage?
5. What is the impact of coco scrub gluing machine in the process in terms of:
5.1 Process;
5.2 Productivity; and
5.3 Efficiency?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The results of the study would be beneficial to Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation.
The important information would help employees on how its productivity would increase.
The increase would result in the maximization of output for a given period of time. This
would mean that the machine would achieve its optimum cycle time at a lesser period of
time. As the study reached the main objective, an approach to increase productivity
would be given to the company.
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This research would also be beneficial to the proponents because it would allow
them to deepen their understanding of the principles and concept of this project.
The researchers of this accomplished study believed that it would be significant to
the future researchers with similar subjects as it would serve as a reference and
assessment of new feasible studies.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The researchers had set scopes to directly attain the goal and limitations to set
boundary of what was only needed to the study.
The scope of this project was redesigning a coco scrub gluing machine for
Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation to provide an effective solution to the difficulties in
existing gluing method, reduce time and labor cost, and at the same time, have
maintenance stocks of coco scrub. Data to be gathered would undergo a course of study
where Automation would be applied to attain the major objective of the study and
provide opportunity to suggest improvement in production of the company in gluing
method of coco scrub. This study was limited only for gluing method of dry coco scrub
with specific measurement.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This section discussed the concept that served as the foundation of the study. The
concepts and information were gathered through research works. These helped the
researcher’s provide information for the better understanding of the study.
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
Productivity is a way to measure efficiency, measure the output that comes from
units of input. Measure the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system, etc. in
converting units into useful outputs. Productivity is the critical determinant of cost
efficiency.
Time Study
It has been introduced by Frederick W. Taylor since the year 1881 but was still
widely used as a method of time study. Generally, time study was used to measure work.
The decision results that the time study was the period in which a person in accordance
with a job or task and fully trained to uses specific method, would perform this task of the
worker in the normal or expert. The number of cycles that should be observed depends on
the variability in the work and the level of accuracy required. This was called the time
standard for operation. Align the expert for a work may be made through several
methods, where each method was used only in accordance with some specific
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circumstances. Time study included using stopwatch, “Predetermined Motion Time
System or Synthetic Time System”, and “Work or Activity Sampling”.
According to “ Productivity Improvement by work and Time Study Technique for
Earth Energy glass Manufacturing Company” conducted by Duran(2015) in the content
of study a firm that produces tea glass is analyzed in term work/time during the process
of model production. In order to measure efficiency of tea glass models, time survey is
made and by the help of that method standardized time is calculated. Actual time and
standardized time is compared and as a result it is aimed that measuring inevitable times
and take necessary precautions against them. As a result of the study, waiting time cause
inefficiency in the work of molder and in the content of work/time, efficiency is
increased 53 % and model production capacity is reached at 237 tea glass.
Why-why Analysis
Invented in the 1930’s by Toyota Founder Kiichiro Toyoda’s father Sakichiand
made popular in the 1970’s by the Toyota Production System, the Why-why Analysis is a
strategy that involves looking at any problem and asking “why” and “what caused this
problem? “Six Sigma a Quality Management System (QMS), uses “Why-why Analysis”
in the Analyze phase of the Six Sigma Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
(DMAIC) methodology.
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The Why-why analysis is a method that helps to determine the cause-effect
relationships in a problem or a failure event. It can be used whenever the real cause of a
problem or situation is not clear. Through Why-why analysis, it is simple to try solving a
stated problem without a large detailed investigation requiring many resources. When
problems involve human factors, this method is least stressful on participants. It is one of
the simplest investigation tools easily completed without statistical analysis. Also known
as a Why tree, it is supposedly a simple form of root cause analysis. By repeatedly asking
the question, ‘Why?’ you peel away layers of issues and symptoms that can lead to the
root cause. Most obvious explanations have yet more underlying problems. But it is never
certain that you have found the root cause unless there is real evidence to confirm it
(Soldalini, 2012).
Flow Process Chart
A flow process chart is a symbolic representation of a physical process linked to
correspond to the sequence of operation. It was originally introduced as a classical
industrial engineering tool with five symbols. Over the years, many specialized forms of
flow charts have evolved to analyze the al structure and sequence of activities. Two such
specialized derivatives are Flow Diagrams for data processing and Process Mapping for
process sequencing. However, the classical Flow Process Charts are still being applied to
identify non-value-added activities. Traditionally, there are two formats for Flow Process
Charts which are pre-printed format and a descriptive arrangement. In the pre-printed
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format, each activity is recorded in the form, the corresponding symbols are marked and
then joined in sequence by a line. In the descriptive setup, each activity is charted in
sequence and represented by process symbols (Basu, 2009).
RELATED LITERATURE
To support the study, the researchers gathered previous related studies which gave
more ideas that help broaden the knowledge of the researchers.
FOREIGN STUDIES
The “Productivity Improvement in Tyre Manufacturing Plant” released by
Dr.Kittur and Amonkar (2019) focus on studying the production process in order to
understand the current productivity and suggesting the ways to improve the same. In any
production process, the major factors affecting the productivity are defects/non
conformities generated plus the rework done to eliminate the defects. Initially, the current
performance of the system is studied and measured using techniques like Time Study and
Process Capability. Improvement in the loading and unloading efficiency is achieved
from 58.835 to 100%. Since 4 seconds were saved for every batch which resulted in
saving 940 seconds or 15.667 minutes per shift. This resulted in increasing the batch
number from 235 to 245 batches per shift per mixer. Also, the 3M\4M condition is
suggested to reduce the major defect from potentially occurring in both Tyre Curing
department.
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According to “Productivity Improvement of a motor vehicle inspection station
using motion and time study techniques” conducted by Khalid Al-Saleh (2010) to
improve and enhance the bottleneck inspection point by using different applications to
reduce the inspection time. The main problem of this research was an inspection point
which consumed more time in comparison with the other inspection point. Accordingly,
this inspection point increases the flow time in the inspection points. This research
investigated and searched for possible solutions and alternatives aimed at achieving the
objective using some tools from motion and time study and ARENA software to simulate
and predict the changes expected to occur in the inspection lanes. Overall, the suggested
alternatives yielded an expected improvement of 174.8% in the production capacity.
A study conducted by Biswas (2015) entitled “Design of Mechanical Power Press
to Improve Productivity” stated that a substantial part of productivity increase was due to
technical progress. The organization of work was adjusted to the use of new machinery
that was dependent to the changes in a company’s variables. Productivity was measured
primarily in terms of quantity of product per hour. The study cited that using mechanical
press, the production could perform their job faster and more efficiently.
In this study entitled, “Cycle Time Reduction for Optimization of Injection
Molding Machine Parameters or Process Improvement which was conducted by
Henderson et.al., (2006), the major concern with the injection molding machine was
cutting down the cycle time or each part. The study aimed to design an experiment to
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optimize an injection molding machine by manipulating parameters to recommend
further improvements of the process and to reduce cycle time through the use of
statistical analysis. Specific objectives were to (1) manipulate cooling time, back
pressure, and plasticizing limit on the injection molding machine to reduce cycle time and
keep the quality of the part that deals with problem such as shrinkage, flash, and other
abnormalities; (2) provide statistical evidence for optimizing parameters of an injection
molding machine; (3) perform a statistical analysis to give basis for process and quality
improvement recommendations. The study proved that the only significant parameter was
cooling time and it was the only parameter that had a major effect on the overall cycle
time. This experiment proved that while assumption of the quality had been met, the
process could be cut down by 6.92 seconds.
LOCAL STUDIES
In this study of Moraleja, Pascual, Sabalboro, and Zamora (2012), they stated that
proposing a machine can improve the productivity as well as the quality of products
being produced in a processing or production area just like the proposed prototype of this
study called “Mechanical Ice Shaver” that helped restaurants and other business with
regard to producing good quality and faster grinding processing time of producing shaved
ice for cold products and beverages. The average rate of shaved ice per minute was 7.819
kg/min. and the average rate of shaved ice in 4 minutes was 33.423 kg/ 4 minutes which
proved that the ice-shaver had a high rate of shaving fine quality ice. The factor affecting
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the rate of shaved ice was the speed of the flywheel. The results obtained proved that ice-
shaver had a high rate of shaving ice with the help of the speed of the fly wheel.
According to the study of Caluyo et al. (2017) entitled “Design and Development
of Patty Molder for Work Efficency at LimcomaBatangas Prime, Inc.”, the main problem
of the patty production was the long weighing time which led to long processing time for
the patty and the worker was experiencing difficulties in using the existing molder. The
weighing process has the longest time consumed for it to be performed where the worker
needed to weigh in the range of 50±2 grams per patty. The existing molder has poor
design because of its material component such as stuck while pressing the molder, handle
was not fit to a wide range of hard sizes, and it was also heavy where the worker needed
to lift repeatedly. Because of this situation, the researchers came up with the design and
development of the new patty molder, new patty molder would lessen the processing time
and the difficulties of the workers that would increase efficiency and safety of the
process. On comparing performance of the existing operation and developed molder, the
developed molder increase efficiency up to 113.60%. The developed molders also
allowed minimizing the time acquired for weighing process and ease the condition of the
workers.
“Productivity Improvement through Installation of Dual Table at Green Shine
Enterprise” conducted by Llanto et al. (2017), aimed to introduce and understand
productivity improvement, various techniques of productivity improvement, work study
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and its relationship with productivity improvement. In order to improve the current
productivity rate (500 corrugated boxes) at Green Shine Enterprise, the researchers used
the concept of minimizing the processing time and maximizing the manpower. The
researchers identified the long drying time that ranged from 5-6 minutes to only 2.26
minutes per batch. Recommended to increase the daily quota from 500-1,100 marked
cartons or by 120% improvement.
“Productivity Improvement on the Testing Process of Integrated Micro-
Electronics, Inc at Calamba Laguna”comducted by Amparo, Malaluan and
Salavacion(2018) mainly focus in productivity improvement by the reducing the number
of output loss due to downtime in the testing area. It also aims to determine the root cause
of downtime in the testing process. Different statistical process control used including
Flow Process Chart, Why why Analysis and Pareto Chart. The downtime contributors
included in the 80% were caused by over reject, pickup in, lack of man power and sorter.
Therefore, through the study of researchers the company could reduce the number of
output losses due to downtime and increase the productivity rate.
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SYNTHESIS
Several studies mentioned in the related literature served as guidelines and
references for the discussion of the similarities and differences of the previous to present
studies which the researchers reviewed to help them in conducting their study.
In terms of elimination or reduction of defects, the study, the “Productivity
Improvement in Tyre Manufacturing Plant” released by Dr.Kittur and Amonkar (2019)
were the most related to the present study. They both showcased the effect of reducing
defects in improving the overall productivity rate of the company. The major focused of
this study was eliminating non value activities along the production process and ways to
reduce the occurrence of defects generated during the production time.
The study of “Productivity Improvement of a motor vehicle inspection station using
motion and time study techniques” conducted by Khalid Al-Saleh (2010)was related to
the present study. They focused on enhancing the bottleneck which consumed more time
in the said process. They also used the same tools which was the time study to improve
the productivity and reduce the time of process stated. The current study aimed to
improve and enhance the bottleneck inspection process while the present study aimed to
improve and reduce the time in gluing process. It was expected that the productivity,
profit, and comfort of productivity improvement using time and study motion.
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A study conducted by Biswas entitled “Design of Mechanical Power Press to
Improve Productivity” stated that a substantial part of productivity increased due to
technical progress. The organization of work was adjusted to the use of new machinery
that was dependent to the changes in the company’s variables. Productivity was measured
primarily in terms of quantity of product per hour. The study cited that using mechanical
press, the production could perform their job faster and more efficiently.
In this study entitled, “Cycle Time Reduction for Optimization of Injection
Molding Machine Parameters or Process Improvement which was conducted by
Henderson et.al., (2006), was connected to the present study because the major concern
with the injection molding machine was cutting down the cycle time. The study aimed to
design an experiment to optimize an injection molding machine by manipulating
parameters to recommend further improvements of the process and to reduce cycle time
through the use of statistical analysis.
Moraleja et al. (2012), in their study entitled “Fabrication and Testing of
Mechanical Ice Shaver” was similar to the present study because both proposed a
prototype which helped the production to reduce the processing time of the operation to
accomplish the quality needed in the production. They were also similar since the
previous process proposed Mechanical Ice Shaver which aimed to provide good quality
products and faster pocessing time of producing shaved ice as well as the present study.
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In the study of Caluyo et al. (2017) entitled “Design and Development of Patty
Molder for Work Efficency at LimcomaBatangas Prime, Inc.”, also connected to the
present study because the main problem of the patty production was the long weighing
time which led to long processing time for the patty. The worker was experiencing
difficulties in using the existing molder while the present study main problem was the
gluing process which caused more defects.
The study of Llanto et al., entitled “Productivity Improvement through
Installation of Dua Purpose Table at Green Shine Enterprise” was related to the present
study by means of proposing an equipment to minimize the processing time that would
result in increasing productivity. The study was also similar in terms of the problem
encountered at the production which was the time-consuming processes. Both studies
differed only at the production site, the present study conducted the implementation on
the folding area while the other study was at the marking and assembly workstation.
The study of “Productivity Improvement on the Testing Process of Integrated
Micro- Electronics, Inc at Calamba Laguna”conducted by Amparo, Malaluan, and
Salavacion (2018) was similar to the present study. It was mainly focused in productivity
improvement by reducing the number of output loss due to downtime in the testing area.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
In order to achieve the primary objectives and to prove the reliability of the study,
the researchers considered the following factors: the input, the process and the output.
Inputs for the study involved the information about the coco scrub in terms of its
productivity and the knowledge about methods engineering. After acquiring the data, it
would be evaluated by means of IE tools such as Why-Why Analysis to unveil the root
cause of the bottleneck. Also, Time and motion study would be used in measuring the
level of overall process cycle time and the productivity of the workers and their
assessment while performing the job. This would help in establishing the required time
standards. With the help of these IE tools, the researchers came up with the idea of a
gluing machine in order solve the productivity and process issue present in the company.
For the output of this research, the researchers proposed to eliminate waste while
improving gluing method by designing the prototype that would surely help the company
to produce more coco scrub.
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CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The section contained definition of some terms mentioned in the study.
Definitions were stated operationally to further understand how they were used as well as
their relevance to the study.
Automation. It could be used to reduced cycle time and improve productivity. It is
defined as the technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human
assistance.
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Cycle Time. It was the total time from the beginning to the end of process. Cycle time
includes process time, during which a unit is acted upon to bring it closer to an output,
and delay time, during which a unit of work is spent waiting to take the next action.
It was used as the standard time for the production of coco scrub, and as the base for
the information and comparison for the present and the proposed process.
Productivity. The state or quality of producing something; the effectiveness of
productive effort, especially in the industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per
unit of input; a measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system in
converting inputs into useful outputs .
Process Flow Chart. A detailed logical visual representation of all actual steps that are
done to complete an entire task or process.
The proponents used process flow chart since it would help the researchers
distinguish the steps in each process and to identify the delay that occur in the process.
Time Study. A technique of establishing an allowed time standard to perform a given
task, based upon measurement of work content of the prescribed method with due
allowance for fatigue and personal and unavoidable delays.
In order to get the new set of cycle time, the researchers used cycle time in this
study to compare the existing and current cycle time after the implementation of gluing
machine.
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Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented the methods on how the data from experiment are gathered
and analyzed. It explained also how the Gluing Machine would be fabricated. It was also
concerned in analysis of the method applied to field of study that would carry out in
collecting and analysis of data.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This research entitled “Productivity Improvement of Coco Scrub through
Redesigning of Gluing Machine in Pilipinas Eco-Fiber Corporation” was a
developmental type of research to increase productivity of the company through specified
Automation tool. The main goal of the research was to analyze the current process of the
company. In addition, it was a way to established new procedures, techniques, and tool
based upon a methodical analysis of specific cases. According to Richey and Klein
(2005), developmental research could have a function of either creating generalizable
conclusion or statement of law or producing context-specific cases. As such,
developmental research could have a function of either creating generalizable conclusion
or statement of law or producing context-specific knowledge that would serve as problem
solving function. Developmental research has a greater and higher impact that could
solve the existing company problems. Based on researchers’ study, the problem was
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appropriate to the developmental research in terms of designing and implementing
machines or equipment to improve productivity and efficiency rate to meet the daily
production quota. The data gathered through observation was analyzed by the researchers
in the production of Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation. Such observation revealed that the
main cause of the lower productivity and efficiency rate and insufficient capacity of their
current process were some interruptions in manual operations that lengthen the cycle time
in producing the product. In order to reduce the cycle time of the process, the researchers
recommended different proposals.
SOURCE OF DATA
For the proponent’s objective, they used alternative ways to gather information
that were needed for evaluation and analysis. Data were gathered by the researchers
directly from the company, specifically on the existing gluing method. The data from the
company were treated as primary data while data collected from published and
unpublished materials were used as secondary.
Since the study’s subject was to improve coconut fiber gluing methods, the main
source of information and data used in the study came from the company and its
operation management staff exposed in the production area. The primary respondents
were the owner of the company, the manager and the supervisor. Different salient
question were asked to the respondent with regard to the study. The management
provided historical information, company profile, and data for the analysis of the existing
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matter. The method in gluing were discussed to the researchers by the production
manager, direct observation, and other supplementary information, and concepts were
gathered by the researchers which would help to contribute to the realization of the study.
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
To attain the necessary data and analysis were performed by the researchers. The
instruments used in data gathering were (1) Informal interview to the production
manager, (2) The Document control of Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation, (3) Lean
Automation, (4) Kaizen (Continuous Improvement), (5) Time Study, and (6) Continuous
Flow for the production system. Different research material such as researchers on web,
article/books, and other related studies were gather more relevant information. These
were used to gather proofs about the reduced amount of coconut fiber produced and sun
drying method which causes idle time and to obtain more information on how to deal
regarding the current situation of the production area.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
Data collection was a critical aspect of the study because it would give the
necessary pieces of information needed by the researchers. The proponents were able to
collect data by means of following procedures.
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1. Conduct actual observation in the Primary area.
Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation allowed the researchers to conduct the study that
would be beneficial in improving productivity and efficiency. The researchers were
oriented and were allowed to observe, and analyze the actual setup of the primary area. In
line with the observation made, the researchers were able to conduct time study to gather
data that was used to establish drying method.
2. Interview the production manager regarding production operations.
Aside from the actual observations made to collection data, the researchers had an
interview to attain basic information regarding to company’s background such as
problems currently facing by the company, product description, and the working hours.
3. Gather relevant data to the study.
The researchers gathered relevant data and information from books, and thesis.
They studied and analyzed related literatures and looked for possible techniques and
methodologies that would be helpful to the present study.
The researchers also did a brainstorming to formulate ideas and possible solutions
through a systematic group discussion. After all the observations and gathering all data
needed, replacements were assessed and new concepts were considered to increase the
company’s productivity.
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ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE
The researchers conducted multiple studies and observations to understand the
process of gluing method at Pilipinas Eco-fiber Corporation. The proposed gluing
machine through lean automation would increase the productivity of the process. It would
also increase the company’s performance in terms of unnecessary movements, defects,
and cycle time improvement.
In the analysis of the current method of the company, the researchers familiarized
themselves with the production process. After gathering the data needed, the researchers
followed the following procedures:
1. The researchers gathered the number of output produced in the gluing method in
the production area per batch.
2. The researchers performed time study to determine the time it would take in the
gluing of coco scrub to finish before proceeding to the next process.
3. The researchers gathered and analyzed the data for two weeks to fully understand
the flow of the production with regard to gluing and dripping method and to map
the problem occurring in the production.
4. Based upon the gathered from the observation on the production and the data
from the interview on the manager, and worker, the researchers;
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5. Analyzed that designing a gluing machine could give an ease on increasing the
productivity of the said company.
6. After the observations, data gathering, and proposing a gluing machine, the
researchers brainstormed on the possible design of the project.
7. The researchers asked the help of fabricator in fabricating the gluing machine,
materials to be used; usage and location of the said equipment had been
considered in the study as well as the material’s cost and its stability.
8. The proposed structure would be implemented for a trial, thus guaranteeing if the
goals were followed and continuous improvement factors could be done and
implemented.
9. By the time the trials and observation had been done, the researchers compared
the existing process of the company to the process where proposed coco scrub
gluing machine was implemented.
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS ND INTERPRETION OF DATA
This chapter presented data through different tables, figures, chart, analyses of charts,
and company processes. Each set of data was analyzed and interpreted in the context of
the problem presented in the study.
1. Current Status of Pilipinas Eco-fiber Corporation.
In order to obtain specified objectives for the study, the researchers studied and
evaluated the existing method in the production of gluing a coco scrub in Pilipinas Eco-
fiber Corporation to completely analyze the presented data. The researchers used
different graphical illustrations to represent more accurate basis for the study. By this
study, the researchers defined the solution how to solve the problems that were analyzed
in the study.
1.1 Process Flow
Fig
ure 2: The Production Process

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Figure 2 presented the production process of gluing a coco scrub gluing machine at
Pilipinas Eco-fiber Corporation. It involved several processes to achieve the best quality
of the coco scrub including a stable adhesive that would be reversible, would provide
bond strength, would set quickly, and would have a good aging property. The
manufacturing of Pilipinas Eco-fiber Corporation started from extracting a natural fiber
from the outer husk of coconut, spraying glue to bond, and sun drying just to make it a
whole piece with the measurements of 10mm thick; 2m x 10m. When these things were
done, the whole piece of coco husk would be cut into 15 squares. After that, it would
undergo glue spraying and sun drying again. After the drying method, the coco husk from
square would then proceed into cutting; it would be cut into 487.5mm x 127mm. Using a
cutting tool, it would go onto final cutting by 162.5mm x 127mm per scrub and gluing
machine would help to make the process much easier. From the cutting procedure, the
scrub would then be arranged by 3 scrubs and would be put into the tray of gluing
machine. Upon arranging the scrub and turning the machine on, the scrub would be
dipped into the glue and when done, the tray would vibrate then drip the glue into the
scrub. As soon as the dripping would be finished, worker would put plywood into the top
of the tray where the scrub would go when the tray would be flipped backwards. It would
also be easily put into the drying rack for sun drying method.
After the gluing method the scrubs would be put into the heating machine, it
would have 27 scrubs per batch with 1-minute duration. When all batches of scrub would
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be done in heating method, it would then be put in the storage room. Worker would put
labels on it as mentioned in the information of the order. The finished products would be
produced based on the weekly demand of their customers and would be delivered or
picked up by the customers.
1.2 Time Study
TRIAL
Average
Element 1 2 3 4 5 time
(minutes)
Cutting 6.06 5.89 5.90 6.01 6.10 5.99
Gluing 10.15 9.63 9.68 8.59 9.03 7.39
Dripping 15.98 16.79 15.69 16.47 15.45 12.88
Draining 4.43 4.19 3.59 4.18 4.01 3.19
Drying 60 60 60 60 60 48
Pressing 1.65 2.02 1.89 1.97 2.07 1.59
Total in minutes 79.04
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Table 1: Existing Flow Process Chart of Coco Scrub Manufacturing
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Table 1.2: Summary of work done
Legend Symbol No. of production
Operation 4
Transport 4
Inspection 1
Storage 1
Delay 2
Total Number of Process 12
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Time in Minutes
Transferring to storage
Pressing the dried coco scrub for final product
Inspecting the coconut scrub.
Wait for it to dry.
Transferring the dripped coconut scrub into the drying rack

for sun drying
Draining the excess glue on the plastic by scooping the glue
Wait for the glue to drip
Transferring the glued coco scrub into the dripping table
Diluting the glue and dipping the coconut scrub
Transferring the coco scrub
Cutting the whole piece of coconut fiber
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Figure 4: Process Time of Gluing Process in minutes
Shown in Table 1 was the process time of gluing process in minutes. The
proponents had observed that waiting for the coconut scrub to dry came up with the
longest time, however, the process could not be altered so the next highest time value was
the dripping process which led to the bottleneck and waste. As a result, the target number
of demands could not be met because there was a lot of no-good product.
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2. Current Productivity
No. of Batch No. of coco scrub per Waste

batch
1 50 22
2 50 14
3 50 20
TOTAL 150 56
60
50
40
30 Target per batch

Waste
20
10
0
Batch 1 Batch 2 Batch 3
Figure 5: Target Demand vs. Output of Coconut Scrub in Pilipinas Ecofiber
Corporation
(March 2020)
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Figure 5 showed the batch productivity output and the batch target demand of the
customers. As shown in Batch 1, the target demand was 50 pieces of Coconut scrubs
while the produced output was 28 pieces. It was obviously insufficient to supply the
customer’s demand. In Batch 2, there was the same target demand, but the produced
output was 36, and for the Batch 3, out of 50 target demands, the produced output was
30. In total, the output produced was 94 pieces of coconut scrubs while the demand of the
customer was 150 pieces of coconut scrubs.
3. Problems encountered in gluing coco scrub process relative to productivity
The observation and thorough study of the researchers in the current status of
gluing the coco scrub at Pilipinas Eco-Fiber corporation in terms of its process led them
to notice the presence of bottleneck station in gluing area which eventually preceded
them to notice the presence of many wastes.
As the researchers analyzed the current process of the coco scrub, they perceived
that the gluing of the signature was inessential in making the final output of coco scrub.
This process only contributed large amount of time in producing the coco scrub as well as
in the manual gluing of the coco scrub.
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Table 2 Existing Flow Process Chart of Gluing Process at Pilipinas Ecofiber
Corporation
Time in Minutes
Pressing
Drying
Draining
Dripping
Gluing
Cutting
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Table 2 emphasized the existence of delays in the production processes of coconut
scrub. The production of Coconut scrub experienced delay as shown in the table above. It
was in the dripping process where the operator transferred the glued coconut scrub into
the dripping table and waited for it to be dripped which caused bottleneck and waste due
to inconsistent drip of glue from the coconut scrub.
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Why-Why Analysis
Figure 6: Why Why Analysis
The researchers used why-why analysis to determine the root cause of the
problem by repeating “why?” to countermeasure the problem. The problem encountered
in the production of coconut scrub at Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation was a lot of no-good
products were produced. As the proponents analyzed the process, the problem of waste
product was due to prolonged dripping time. It was shown on Figure 4 that the dripping
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of coconut scrub has the largest amount of time aside from drying which was constant.
As a result of the longtime of dripping, the coconut scrub became dry and patchy glues
were formed. This made the product a waste.
4. Improvement can be proposed to address the problem identified
After conducting an observation of the process, the researchers were able to
distinguish the problems and their causes in the production of the coconut scrub.
As shown in Figure 2.2, Why-Why Analysis, the real root cause why Pilipinas
Ecofiber Corporation produced a lot of no-good products was their dripping process. By
the profound understanding and analyzing of the existing process of gluing and dripping,
the proponents came up with the proposal of a Gluing Machine to eliminate the waste in
production of coconut scrubs. The reduction of dripping time would lead to good quality
products. Through a Gluing Machine, the coconut scrub would automatically go down to
dip into the glue and would go up to drip the glue with vibrating function for faster and
even dripping.
Gluing Machine was a special kind of machine that could dip and drip the coconut
scrub into the glue for better quality. In this study, the problem with the no-good
production of coconut scrub would be eliminated and the prolonged dripping time would
be reduced. The company would be able to maximize their productivity. Through the
Gluing Machine, productivity of the coconut scrub would maximize, and it would help
the operator to perform well and the target quality of the output would be met.
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2.1 Time Study of Proposed Machine
TRIAL
Element 1 2 3 4 5 Average time
(minutes)
1. Get 60 pcs. Of coconut 1.6 1.3 1.4 .59 .57 1.09

scrub
2. Transport the scrub to 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.32

the gluing machine
3. Load the coconut scrub 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.38
on the tray.
4. Dilute the glue on the 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.92
compartment
5. Press the button 0.21 0.23 0.19 0.25 0.18 0.21
6. Wait for gluing and 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
dripping
7. Flip the tray backward 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.94
with cover to transfer the
coconut scrub into the
drying rack
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Table 3: Flow Process Chart of the Gluing Process after Installation of the
Gluing Machine
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Table 3.1: Summary of work done
Legend Symbol No. of process
Operation 6
Transport 3
Inspection 1
Storage 1
Delay 2
Total number of Process 13
Table 3.1 showed the new processes involved in gluing coconut scrub when the
Gluing Machine was used in the production. The no-good production of coconut scrub
has been eliminated. The existing processes with eight (8) operations have turn into
thirteen (13) operations but these would be on the same machine so the worker would
need not to travel to different workstations. The numbers of processes were divided into
13 with minimum time compared to the previous processes taking into consideration the
quality of the product.
5. Proposed Automated Coco scrub Gluing Machine
The researchers considered the following factors for the automated gluing
machine. These factors were design, components, and usage.
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5.1 Components and Parts
Based on the study, observation and analysis conducted by the researchers, a
problem in the productivity of coco scrub was the manual gluing method. It has a
prolonged processing time that constituted to insufficient number of weekly actual output
compared to the weekly target demand. This was the reason why the researchers came up
to an idea of developing, designing, and proposing an automated gluing machine in the
production.
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Table 4: Parts and Descriptions of the Gluing Machine
PARTS PICTURES SPECIFICATIONS OF PARTS
A linear oscillating motor is an

electromagnetic actuator that can achieve
short-stroke reciprocating movement
Oscillating
directly without auxiliary transmission
Motor mechanisms. It has been widely used in
linear pump applications as the source of
power and motion just like vibration.
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AC motors, with their continuous energy

changes, are ideal for industrial and
residential applications. Ac motors are
preferred for compressor power drives, air
AC Motor conditioning compressors, and hydraulic,
and irrigation pumps.
A breadboard is a solder less device for

temporary prototype with electronics and
test circuit designs. Most electronic
Breadboard
components in electronic circuits can be
interconnected by inserting their leads or
terminals into the holes and then making
connections through wires where
appropriate.
A switch is a small control for an electrical
device which you use to turn the device on
Switch
or off.
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5.2 Usage
The primary objectives of the proposed gluing machine were to eliminate the
waste of coco scrub from patchy formation of glue and to separate the coco scrub easily.
Gluing machine proposed the idea of fast and efficient gluing method without
human effort. The proposed gluing machine used the oscillating motor for applications of
power, motion, and vibration. The usage of AC motors was viable power sources for a
range of applications due to their flexibility, efficiency, and quiet operation.
6. Proposed Gluing Machine Impact to Production
In the current set-up, the existing process took up 22.91 minutes for dripping and
gluing. Upon the designing stage of the prototype, the researchers aimed to speed-up the
processing time by at least 36.88%. The researchers proposed 8.45 minutes processing
time to improve the productivity and efficiency of the production. The proposed gluing
machine was designed to become an alternative to dripping of glued coco scrub. It would
be automatically up and down and vibrate to drip to prevent the output from having
patchy formation of glue in coco scrub.
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NUMBER OF UNITS PRODUCED PER

BATCH
140
120
120
100
NUMBER OF UNITS
PRODUCED PER BATCH
80
64
60 56
40
20
0
Difference Gluing Machine Existing Process
Figure 7: No. of Units Produced per Batch
Figure 7 showed that in the existing process of gluing, the company could
produce 64 pieces of coco scrub per batch, while, with Gluing Machine, the process of
coco scrub could produce 120 coco scrub pieces per batch.
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDING CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
As the project has evolved, several iterations were taken the product to its present
stage. In order to summarize the process and its compliance with the research questions
that were posed at initiation of its project, conclusions and recommendation have been
made and they were presented in this section.
Summary of Findings
After the data had been scrutinized and analyzed by the researchers, they were able
to attain the following results.
1. The researchers had observed that the Pilipinas Eco-fiber has problem in the
gluing method of the Coco scrub with regards to the waste.
In order to assess the problem, several considerations were gathered by the
researchers in order to find out how to eliminate the waste of production of Coco Scrub.
This was gathered through time study with the manual process of gluing method. The
result showed that the Coco scrub gluing machine helped the management to reduce
waste, avoid patchy formation of glue, and help worker to avoid over fatigue and
tediousness factor.
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2. The researchers found out that, in order to lessen the amount of no-good products
of gluing process, the researchers should take consideration of the dripping time which
contributed to the production of waste products.
3. Due to the no-good products count of 50 per batch of 185, the researchers
proposed a Gluing Machine to reduce the production of waste product and improve the
productivity and efficiency.
4. From 50 no good products per batch of 185, the proposals made by the researchers
resulted to decrease of no-good products to 0 and it has a big impact on the production of
coconut scrub.
Conclusion
Based on the findings stated above, the proponents were able to arrive at the
following conclusions:
1. The researchers found that when the dripping time already started, the coco scrub
was hard to separate from adhesion. The management should take improvement
initiative to increase the productivity.
2. After the implementation of proposed machine, researchers had concluded that
reducing waste would increase the productivity as it would prevent so much time
consumption in draining.
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3. The researchers concluded that through automation, the production efficiency had
increased. This study had proven that efficiency increased in every batch of
production because of the lessen wastes.
Recommendations
The researchers have jumped to the following recommendations after the data
gathered have been evaluated.
1. The researchers would like to recommend that in order to reduce waste and
become efficient, manual gluing should be changed into automated gluing machine
because it would provide good results in terms of productivity and efficiency and would
greatly help to meet customer requirement.
2. In order to increase efficiency, non-value-added activities, if cannot be totally
eliminated, should be reduced. If in case it could be automated, the production would
meet the productivity and efficiency of the Coco Scrub.
3. To increase the production, the company should consider using the proposed
equipment which would mean additional productivity and efficiency which could lead to
help reduce waste and improve the quality of the product.
4. The organization should further analyze and control the result of the study in
order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of the proposal.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
Robert D. Pritchard, Productivity Measurement and Improvement: Organizational Case

Studies, 1995
John Maxey (2012), Productivity Improvement. Published By PG Scholar, DoIE, CEG,

Anna University, Bangor, United Kingdom
B. PUBLISHED THESIS
Biswas (2015) Design of Mechanical Power Press to Improve Productivity
Benjamin W. Niebel (2012). Time And Motion Study: An Introduction To Methods Time
Study, And Wage Payment, Published By Literary Licensing, LLC, London, United
Kingdom
C.UNPUBLISHED THESIS,JOURNALS AND CASES
Moraleja, G. Pascual, D. P., Sabalboro, M. And Zamora A. (2012) “Fabrication And

Testing of A Mechanical Ice-Shaver”., Mapua Institute of Technology” Bachelor of
Science In Mechanical Engineering Mapua University-658 Muralla St, Intramuros,
Manila, 1002 Metro Manila
Caluyo R. A. J., Marcelo, J.C. And Pesihan, J.D. (2017) “Design and Development of
Patty Molder for Work Efficiency at Limcoma Batangas Prime, Inc”. Batangas State
University- Lipa, Lipa Batangas
Llanto, M.M. G., Malvida, M.J A. Mendoza, M. M. (2017) “Productivity Improvement

through Installation of Dual Purpose Table at Green Shrine Enterprise”. Undergraduate
Thesis, Batangas State University- Malvar, Malvar Batangas
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D.ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
https://www.academia.edu/39787771/Productivity_improvement_in
_tyre_manufacturing_plant
Duran (2012) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212567115008874
KhalidAl-Saleh(2010)
https:www.researchgate.net//publication/
2574551241_Productivity_improvement_of_a_motor_vehicle_inspection_station_using_
motion_and_time_study_techniques
Monczja et.al. (2008). Process Flow Chart. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.31295/ijbem.v1n1.26
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APPENDICES
A: Company Profile
B: Records of Time Study
C: Computations
D: Existing Manual Gluing
E: Proposed Automated Gluing Machine
F: Certifications
G: Project Gantt Chart
H: Curriculum Vitae
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Appendix A:
Company Profile
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HISTORY
Pilipinas Ecofiber Corporation (PEC or Pilipinas Ecofiber) is a social enterprise
pursuing triple bottom lines of economic and financial viability, environmental
sustainability and social equity. In addition to profits, it cares for the planet and people,
particularly, coconut farming communities. This company is a leading manufacturer of
processed coco fiber and cocopeat. It has over 47 years of experience and track record as
a manufacturer of processed coco fiber and cocopeat. It used to be called Soriano Multi-
Purpose Fiber Corporation, but in September 2011 its corporate name was changed with
the approval of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Pilipinas Ecofiber is a wholly
owned subsidiary of the Foundation for a Sustainable Society, Inc. (FSSI), which
acquired it in June 2006.
They operate in the provinces of Laguna, Quezon and Albay (all in the southern
parts of Luzon island), processing fiber from coconut husks. It has new and emerging
partnerships with coconut farming communities in Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur and
Quezon provinces. PEC’s main office is located at Km. 79, Brgy. San Mateo, San Pablo
City, 4000 Laguna, Philippines. They supplies coco mats made of stitched fiber to local
furniture and bed manufacturers, and has both a domestic and export market for various
products such as stitched coir pads and mats, plant liners, coco nets, coco sacks, coco
trays and pots, and cocopeat. The company has exported its products to the United States,
Canada, Japan, Korea, China, France and Australia. It has a growing domestic market for
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cocopeat among horticulture businesses, hog- and poultry raisers, and vegetable farmers.
It has a solid domestic market for geotextiles, biologs and the like for soil erosion control.
Pilipinas Ecofiber’s board of trustees is all appointed by FSSI. Each trustee of the
company brings her and his expertise to the company in social entrepreneurship, financial
and engendered organizational management, civil engineering, horticulture, agriculture
and rural development — thereby contributing to its overall viability. The company has
supplied coco nets to various infrastructure projects such as the Subic-Clark-Tarlac
Expressway (SCTEX) in Central Luzon and the Tarlac-Pangasinan-La Union
Expressway (TPLEX), as well as irrigation rehabilitation projects of the National
Irrigation Authority. Its clients in the private sector use coco nets and sacks for their
property development projects and rehabilitation and protection of slopes, forests and
watersheds. As a social enterprise, Pilipinas Ecofiber is developing partnerships with
coconut farming communities in the Bicol region and Quezon provinces. The company
actively pursues opportunities that would enable marginalized communities to uplift
themselves through the coco coir business.
When Fr. Richard took leave of absence on February 2007, Fr. Leonido C. Dolor,
currently chair of the Commission on Social Communications and Mass Media, was
named Officer-in-Charge. Eventually, he was named as its general manager. Before the
year ended, Archbishop Ramon C. Arguelles named his priest-in-charge of the Ranch
property, asking him to stay at the PPPH as his official residence.
55
Malvar, Batangas
Currently, PPPH is supplying notebooks, journals, newspapers and etc. to schools, church
and local government.
56
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix B:
Record of Time Study
57
Malvar, Batangas
Table A.B.1
Time Study of the current process of gluing process
TRIAL
Average
Element 1 2 3 4 5 time
(minutes)
Cutting 6.06 5.89 5.90 6.01 6.10 5.99
Gluing 10.15 9.63 9.68 8.59 9.03 7.39
Dripping 15.98 16.79 15.69 16.47 15.45 12.88
Draining 4.43 4.19 3.59 4.18 4.01 3.19
Drying 60 60 60 60 60 48
Pressing 1.65 2.02 1.89 1.97 2.07 1.59
58
Malvar, Batangas
Table A.B.2
Time Study of the Gluing Process of coco scrub using Automated Gluing Machine
TRIAL
Element 1 2 3 4 5 Ave. Time (min)
1. Get 60 pcs. Of coconut 1.6 1.3 1.4 .59 .57 1.09

scrub
2. Transport the scrub to 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.32

the gluing machine
3. Load the coconut scrub 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.38
on the tray.
4. Dilute the glue on the 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.92
compartment
5. Press the button 0.21 0.23 0.19 0.25 0.18 0.21
6. Wait for gluing and 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
dripping
7. Flip the tray backward 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.94
with cover to transfer the
coconut scrub into the
drying rack
59
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix C:
Computations
60
Malvar, Batangas
Productivity Rate of the Existing Process
Productivity Rate = No. of Coco scrub
Amount of Time Worked
= (750 pcs of coco scrub)/ (480 mins of work)
= 0.19 pcs / mins
Productivity Rate Using the Automated Folding Machine
Productivity Rate = No. of Coco scrub
Amount of Time Worked
= (2640 pcs of coco scrub)/ (480 mins of work)
= 0.09 / mins
Productivity Improvement
Productivity Improvement = (Automated Gluing Output –
Existing Process Monthly Output
Existing Process Monthly Output) *100
= ((116-18) / 116) * 100
= 84.48%
61
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix D: Existing
Manual Gluing
62
Current Status Republic of the Philippines
Malvar, Batangas
ADHE
63
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix E: Proposed
Automated Gluing Machine
64
Malvar, Batangas
65
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix F:
Certifications
66
Malvar, Batangas
CERTIFICATE OF APPEARANCE
This is to certify that Angela G. Manalo has been personally appeared in
PILIPINAS ECO-FIBER CORPORATION to conduct the study on their research
paper entitled: “PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF COCO SCRUB
THROUGH REDESIGNING OF GLUING MACHINE AT PILIPILINAS ECO-
FIBER CORPORATION”.
Given this 12th day of December 2020 PILIPINAS ECO-FIBER
CORPORATION– San Pablo, City Laguna.
Mr. Mark Joseph A. Lector
OPERATION MANAGER
67
Malvar, Batangas
This is to certify that Alyza C. Manaog has been personally appeared in
CORPORATION– San Pablo City Laguna.
OPERATION MANAGER
68
Malvar, Batangas
This is to certify that Camille Ann M. Perido has been personally appeared in
CORPORATION– San Pablo City Laguna.
OPERATION MANAGER
69
Malvar, Batangas
CERTIFICATE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is to certify that the following B.S Industrial Engineering students, Angela
G. Manalo, Alyza C. Manaog, and Camille Ann M. Perido of Batangas State
University- Malvar Campus conducted a research Study at PILIPINAS ECO-FIBER
CORPORATION entitled “PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF COCO SCRUB
Given this 26th day of January 2019 PILIPINAS ECO-FIBER CORPORATION–
San Pablo City Laguna.
OPERATION MANAGER
70
Malvar, Batangas
CERTIFICATE OF ENGLISH EDITING AND PROOF READING
This certificate confirms that the manuscript written below was edited by Ms. Lariel T.
Manimtim. The following issues were corrected: grammar, spelling, punctuation,
sentence structure, and phrasing.
Thesis Title:
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF COCO SCRUB THROUGH REDESIGNING

GLUING MACHINE AT PILIPINAS ECO-FIBER CORPORATION
Authors
Manalo, Angela G.
Manaog, Alyza C.
Perido, Camille Ann M.
Date issued:
Given this 2nd day of January 2021
LARIEL T. MANIMTIM
Lic. No. 1335087
Grammarian
71
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix G:
Project Gantt chart
72
Malvar, Batangas
Figure H-1: Gantt Chart
73
Malvar, Batangas
Appendix H:
Curriculum Vitae
74
Malvar, Batangas
ANGELA G. MANALO
Luta Norte, Malvar Batangas

Mobile No: (0975) 368-7498
Birthdate: November 28, 1998
Email:angelagabomanalo@gmail.com
OBJECTIVE:
To attain a stable job that will enable me to use my strong organizational skills,
educational background and gain further experience while enhancing the opportunity to
help the company advance efficiently and productively.
EDUCATION:
 Primary Education:
Canubing 2, Elementary School
A.Y. 2008-2013
With Honors
 Secondary Education:
Evangelista National High School
A.Y. 2013-2016
With Honors
 Tertiary Education:
Batangas State University- JPLPC Malvar
A.Y 2016-Present
 Vocational:
Synergy Assessment and Training Center (TESDA)
Events Management Services NC III
October 15, 2015
WORKING EXPERIENCE:
75
Malvar, Batangas
 Service Crew
KFC Tanauan City Batangas
February 9, 2018-May 2, 2018
 On-the-Job Training at Ionic EMS, Inc.
February 10, 2020-March 13, 2020
ORGANIZATION AND OTHER AFFILIATION:
 Member, Council of Engineering Students (CES)

A.Y 2016-2017
A.Y 2017-2018
 Member, Batangas Society of Industrial Engineering Students (BSIES)
A.Y 2017-2020
 Member, Junior Philippine Industrial Engineering (JPIIE)
A.Y 2018-2020
 Member, Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
A.Y 2018-2020
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS:
 Time Management Skills

 Proficiency in Systems Analysis and Evaluation
 Complex Problem Solving Skills
 Proficient in MS Office-Word, Excel, Outlook, and Power Point
TRAININGS AND SEMINARS:
 March-Fire Prevention Month: “Be Burnt in Awareness”

Student Center, Batangas State University JPLPC –Malvar, Malvar Batangas
March 16, 2017
 PERCEIVE: Industrial Engineer’s Roles in Service Quality Management

Los Banos, D.L. Umali Auditorium
October 21, 2017
76
Malvar, Batangas
 Leadership Training Seminar: “Youth Leadership and Project

Management”
3rd Floor New Conference Room, Batangas State University JPLPC –
Malvar, Malvar Batangas
October 23, 2017
 2nd BSIES Provincial Congress “IEs of Tomorrow: A Vision of the

Future, Navigating Towards Success”
Freedom Hall, Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas, Capitol Site,
Batangas City 4200
October 28, 2017
 KAKUSHIN 2017: “Harnessing the Industrial Engineering Capabilities

for Self-Empowerment
3rd Floor Administration Building, Batangas State University JPLPC –
November 25, 2017
 KAKUSHIN 2018: “Re-Engineering the Strategic Minds of Industrial

Engineers”
December 03, 2018
CHARACTER REFERENCES:
Engr. Norxine L. Montalbo

Program Chair, IE/ MexE Instructor
Batangas State University – JPLPC Malvar
(0915) 580-3197
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and beliefs.
77
Malvar, Batangas
ALYZA C. MANAOG
Bitin Bay, Laguna

Mobile No: 09555824121
Birth date: October 14, 1997
Email: alyzamanaog14@gmail.com
OBJECTIVE
To obtain a responsible and opportunity where I could develop my personality and

contribute engineering knowledge to fullfill company’s objectives in their engineering
development.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINTMENT
 Tertiary Education:
Batangas State University JPLPC Malvar Campus
Malvar, Batangas
A.Y. 2014-Present
 Secondary Education:
San Pedro National High School
San Pedro Sto. Tomas Batangas
A.Y. 2010-2014
 Primary Education:
Sto. Tomas South Central School
San Pedro Sto. Tomas Batangas
A.Y. 2004-2010
SKILLS
 Basic Sketch Up design operating literate.

 Confident and resourceful in Quality Management.
 Having abilities of Developing, Evaluating and Time Study.
 Work closely with team members to achieve engineering goals.
ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATION
78
Malvar, Batangas
 Council of Engineering Students (CES)

Member, A.Y 2016-2017
 Council of Engineering Students (CES)

Member, A.Y 2017-2018
 Batangas Society of Industrial Engineering Students (BSIES)

Member, 2017- 2020
 Junior Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (JPIIE)

Member, 2018- 2020
SEMINARS ATTENDED

(October 21, 2017) University of the Philippines – Los Baños
 KAKUSHIN 2017: Harnessing the Industrial Engineering Capabilities for

Self-Empowerment (November 25, 2017)
Batangas State University –JPLPC Malvar
 3rd BSIES Provincial Congress “IEnvest: Understanding the Contemporary

Advances in Commerce” (December 02, 2018)
Batangas City 4200
 KAKUSHIN 2018: “Re-Engineering the Strategic Minds of Industrial

Engineers” (December 3, 2018)
3rd Floor Administration Building, Batangas State University JPLPC –Malvar,
Malvar Batangas
 Cultivate: “Transforming Industries Towards Sustainability and Green

Engineering “ held at University of the Philippines – Los Baños D.L Umali
Auditorium (September 21, 2019 )
79
Malvar, Batangas
CHARACTER REFERENCES

IE Instructor, Batangas State University – JPLPC Malvar
09155803197
Engr. Joel R. Cornejo

Department Chairperson, CECS
Adviser, Council of Engineering Students (CES)
09284033561
80
Malvar, Batangas
CAMILLE ANN M. PERIDO
San Isidro, Malvar Batangas

Mobile No: (0951) 076-7948
Birthdate: August 30, 1999
Email:camilleannperido@gmail.com
OBJECTIVE:
To attain a stable job that will enable me to use my strong organizational skills,
educational background and gain further experience while enhancing the opportunity to
help the company advance efficiently and productively.
EDUCATION:
5. Primary Education:
Malvar Central School
A.Y. 2010-2011
6. Secondary Education:
San Isidro National High School
A.Y. 2014-2015
With Honors
 Tertiary Education:
Batangas State University- JPLPC Malvar
A.Y 2016-Present
 Vocational:
Synergy Assessment and Training Center (TESDA)
Events Management Services NC III
October 15, 2015
WORKING EXPERIENCE:
 Service Crew
81
Malvar, Batangas
KFC Tanauan City Batangas

February 9, 2018-May 2, 2018
 On-the-Job Training at Ionic EMS, Inc.
February 10, 2020-March 13, 2020
ORGANIZATION AND OTHER AFFILIATION:
A.Y 2016-2017
A.Y 2017-2018
 Member, Batangas Society of Industrial Engineering Students (BSIES)
A.Y 2017-2020
 Member, Junior Philippine Industrial Engineering (JPIIE)
A.Y 2018-2020
 Member, Philippine Institute of Industrial Engineers (PIIE)
A.Y 2018-2020
SKILLS AND QUALIFICATIONS:
 Time Management Skills

 Proficiency in Systems Analysis and Evaluation
 Complex Problem Solving Skills
 Proficient in MS Office-Word, Excel, Outlook, and Power Point
TRAININGS AND SEMINARS:
 March-Fire Prevention Month: “Be Burnt in Awareness”

Student Center, Batangas State University JPLPC –Malvar, Malvar Batangas
March 16, 2017

Los Banos, D.L. Umali Auditorium
October 21, 2017
82
Malvar, Batangas
 Leadership Training Seminar: “Youth Leadership and Project

Management”
3rd Floor New Conference Room, Batangas State University JPLPC –
October 23, 2017
 2nd BSIES Provincial Congress “IEs of Tomorrow: A Vision of the

Future, Navigating Towards Success”
Batangas City 4200
October 28, 2017
 KAKUSHIN 2017: “Harnessing the Industrial Engineering Capabilities

for Self-Empowerment
November 25, 2017
II. KAKUSHIN 2018: “Re-Engineering the Strategic Minds of Industrial

Engineers”
December 03, 2018
CHARACTER REFERENCES:

Program Chair, IE/ MexE Instructor
Batangas State University – JPLPC Malvar
(0915) 580-3197
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and beliefs.
83

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Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY JPLPC-Malvar

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

An Undergraduate Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Engr. JOEL R. CORNEJO

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

This undergraduate research study entitled, “PRODUCTIVITY

JOEL R. CORNEJO, MSIE

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of passed.

ENGR. LEOVEN A. AUSTRIA

ENGR. NORXINE MONTALBO ENGR. MERESOL D. CALOSA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

AMADO C. GEQUINTO, Ph. D.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

To Engr. Joel R. Cornejo, thesis adviser, for his unending patience,

encouragement, truthful comments, and immense knowledge;

kind and positive criticism for the development of this study;

To Mr. Mark Joseph Lector, the Operator Manager in Pilipinas Eco-Fiber

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

information that were needed in the study;

To the researchers’ loving families, for their immeasurable love, boundless

drive to continue especially in times of discouragements and hardships;

were able to use to endure all challenges.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING SCIENCES