Introduction to Information

and Communication
Technology
 Information and Communication Technology
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is a broader term for
Information Technology (IT), which refers to all communication technologies,
including the internet, wireless networks, cell phones, computers, software,
middleware, video-conferencing, social networking, and other media
applications and services enabling users to access, retrieve, store, transmit,
and manipulate information in a digital form.
 What is a Computer?
Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as
input from the user and processes these data under the control of
set of instructions (Program) and gives the result and saves output.
 Functions of a computer:
1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
2. It processes data to become information. (PROCESSING)
3. It stores data and information. (STORE)
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)
 Classification of Computer according to:
Purpose
1. General Purpose – design for a variety of task.
2.Special Purpose – dedicated to a specific task only.
Types of Processing
1. Analog - Machines that represent variables or quantities using physical
analogies.
2.Digital – Machines that specialize in counting.
3. Hybrid – Machine that incorporate measuring capabilities of the analog
devices and the counting capability of the digital devices
Capacity
1. Micro-computer (Personal Computer) - used in homes, offices, individual
and corporate uses.
2. Mini-computer (Midrange Computer) – for companies needing storage and
processing requirements.
3. Mainframe Computer (Large Scale Computer) – for medium to large
business. Used by government and business companies.
4. Super Computer – use to compute intensive tasks.
Micro-computer (Personal Computer)
Midrange Computer
Mainframe Computer
Super Computer
 Capabilities and Limitations of Computers
Capabilities:
• They can do repetitive and routine work
• Greater productivity and less manpower
• Reliable and accurate
• Storage Capability
• Self-checking capability
• Self-operating
• Remote processing
• Multitasking
Limitations:
• Cannot make decision of its own
• Cannot think for itself
• Cannot correct wrong instruction
• Cannot produce information of its own
• Vulnerable for virus attack
 Uses of Computer
• Creates documents, brochure and pamphlets for businesses.
• Use it as media of learning.
• Use it for researches.
• Communicate with other people through chat.
• Use it for entertainment.
• Use it for business online.
Components of the Computer System

Hardware Software User

 Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system.
This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also
includes all the parts inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive,
motherboard, video card, and many others.
 Four Categories of Computer Hardware
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Processing Devices
4. Storage Devices
 Input Devices
An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer,
allowing you to interact with and control it.
 Output Devices
An output device is any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually
for display, projection, or physical reproduction.
 Processing Device
When a computer receives data from an input device (e.g., keyboard), the data
goes through an intermediate stage before it's sent to an output device (e.g.,
monitor). A processing device is any device in a computer that interprets and
manipulates incoming data during this stage.
 Storage Devices
Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage, storage media, or storage
medium, a storage device is any hardware capable of holding information
either temporarily or permanently.
 Software
Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-
defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve
a particular problem.

2 Types of Software
1. System Software
2. Application Software
 Operating Software
An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer.
It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software
and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without
knowing how to speak the computer's language. Without an operating
system, a computer is useless.

Three (3) most common OS

Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Mobile OS
Apple iOS and Google Android
 Application Software
Application software, or app for short, is software that performs specific tasks
for an end-user.
 User
A person who uses computers for work or entertainment or
communication or business