Republic of the Philippines

BOHOL ISLAND STATE

UNIVERSITY Main Campus
CPG North Avenue, Tagbilaran City

Vision: A premier S & T university for the formation of a world class and virtuous human
resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the country.
Mission: Committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in
the professional and technological fields; undertake research and development, and extension
services for the sustainable development in Bohol and the country.

Reporters: Ella Mae Llañas& Rezamae Pedoche

Course and Year: BSED-SOCIAL STUDIES 3

Topic: BULLETIN BOARD

DEFINITION:
Bulletin Board is a tool for classrooms ranging from preschool to high school and beyond which
can be used to relay information to students, reinforce lessons, display students work and more.
ORIGIN:

Bulletin – first known used during 1765

- From Middle French “bullete” which means seal or notice Bulletin Board –
first used during 1831

PURPOSE:

✓ To motivate the learner

✓ To give the correct initial impression
✓ To broader the sensory experience of the learner
✓ To intensify impression and vitalize instructions
✓ To provide information and encourage participation
✓ To facilitate communication
✓ To introduce new material or display student work
✓ To revisit concepts that have been previously covered in class

TYPES OF BULLETIN BOARD

 1. INFORMATIVE BULLETIN BOARD
Informative bulletin boards provide information to students. As its name, it provide
students with key pieces of information that can be narrow ( specific classroom events/
lesson) or broad ( current events happening in various parts of the country or world) in
scope. Also, it provides directions to students and can act as a place where previously
taught information can be retrieved for use on current and future task.

2. DISPLAY BULLETIN BOARD

Display bulletin board do exactly, what their name implies they display student’s work.
Display boards are used in the hallways outside of the classrooms to showcase
student’s work on a new unit or subject. It provides a communal space for students to
display their work generated from the
lessons, units, and projects of the core curriculum. With this, type of bulletin board helps
to reinforce a classroom culture that values individual differences, multiple perspectives
and enable students to become aware of the talents, aptitudes and help facilitate the
common interests among peers.

3. INTERACTIVE BULLETIN BOARD

An interactive bulletin board is one where students have an opportunity to interact with
manipulatives themselves. It also serves as learning tool that support student’s learning
by acting as a toolkit or toolbox. This bulletin board can challenge students mentally,
help students practice skills related to their learning, and give students something fun
and interesting to do while also molding students to be active learners.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BULLETIN BOARD

ADVANTAGES

• Information
Bulletin boards keep people/ students abreast of events, opportunities, lessons, and peer
activities in school or at work.
• Sense of Community
Traditional and Online bulletin boards can symbolize a sense of belonging and social
cohesion.
• Fostering Inspiration
Bulletin boards sometimes serve to inspire and motivate. Like classroom bulletin boards,
for example, showcase student’s pictures, poems, drawings, and stories to encourage
them and make them feel that their talents are valued and appreciated.
• Creativity
 Bulletin boards sometimes hone and motivate students to be creative in anything they do
or task to do.

DISADVANTAGES

• Distraction
Bulletin boards can be distracting to students, when teachers pair stimulating information
on the boards, students may become more interested in paying attention to what’s on
the board than listening to the teacher.
• Student Fairness
Some teacher’s use bulletin boards as a means of displaying student’s achievements
and good work. However, this can work as a disadvantage for those students whose
work never makes it onto the board. Using a bulletin board for this purpose leaves
certain students out and can hurt their feelings.
• Clutter and Confusion
A cluttered bulletin board that is full of information can become confusing to students and
with too much information being presented in the board, students may have a difficult
time deciphering the information.
• Sharp Objects
Bulletin boards use tacks and pins to hold up the information being posted. Such sharp
objects can become a safety hazard for students in the classroom. Loose pins that fall to
the floor or scrape against students can cause injuries.
• Costly
Bulletin boards are often costly for the fact that materials and information
should be dated to ensure that it does not remain no longer than desired so .

GROUP 4
WHITEBOARD
DEFINITION
• It is a reusable writing surface made of smooth, thin sheets of white slates on
which text or drawings are made with temporary markers.
• It is the 21st century version of the chalkboard
• It is the most flexible medium for instruction
HISTORY/ORIGIN
• Martin Heit
– a photographer who discovered the possibility after using a sharpie to write on
film negatives.
– He first developed the Whiteboard in the middle-1950’s.
• Albert Stallion (1960’s)
– he was working for an American steel production company when he discovered
that an enamelled steel sheet could be a useful writing surface. He realized that they
could potentially be a better alternative to chalkboards. As a result, Mr. Stallion decided
to leave the company in order to launch his own whiteboard business, which he named
MagiBoards.
• Whiteboard became commercially available in the early 1960’s however it did not
came widely used until 30 years later.
• Jerry Woolf – invented dry-eraser markers in 1975
• 1990’s– companies began to used Whiteboard more often; approximately 22% of
U.S. classes had switched from chalkboard to Whiteboard.
Tips in Using Whiteboard in Classroom
1. Always start with a clean slate.
2. Write an outline of the day’s lesson.
3. Write clearly and legibly.
4. Do not cover the materials on the board.
5. Write neatly and horizontally, from left side of the board going to the right and
always start writing from the top to the bottom
6. Do not crowd the board with too much information
7. Decide on how to emphasize various points
8. Use masking tape when posting on the board
9. Remember the cardinal rule in using the board “Talk to the students, not to the
board”.

USES OF WHITEBOARD

1. To demonstrate and explain facts and processes, often with the help of the drawing
and sketches, maps and others.
2. To present important facts, theories and principles such as new words, terms, rules,
definitions and classifications.
3. To provide a good medium for students’ demonstration
4. To display a broad variety of materials ranging from the motivational, developmental to
evaluative activities and processes
5. To develop maximum student’s participation
6. To provide focus for subsequent participant activity and discussion.
ADVANTAGES OF WHITEBOARD
1. Simple and Reusable
Whiteboards are simple to use and require no special skills.

2. Versatile Use
Whiteboards are effective in numerous settings that require spontaneous, quick-
feedback.

3. Non-Messy
Whiteboards are non-messy to use and do not produce harmful and allergenic dust
particles, such as those produced by blackboards.

4. Participative
Whiteboards are collaborative and encourage participation. More than one person can
use the board at any given time, so whiteboards multiply response and participation.
 DISADVANTAGES OF WHITEBOARD
1. Odor
The scratching of chalk against the chalkboard can make a student’s hair stand on end,
but chalk has no odor. Dry-erase markers are soft and silent, but they can cause vapors
in a classroom and contribute to indoor pollutants.

2. Glare
White print against a dark surface makes chalkboards easier to read. Whiteboards’
polished white finish can create a ghostly glare, making it difficult for visually impaired
students to discern what is written.

3. Expense
Markers wear out more quickly than chalk and must be replaced more often.

GROUP 2
GRAPHICS
 comes from the Greek word "graphein" which means to write, to draw or to
represent by lines "graphikos" means painting as well as drawings are
instructional materials which present summarized information and ideas through
drawings, words, pictures, and symbols.

GRAPHIC MATERIALS
Graphic Materials are materials used for instruction characterized by their vivid nature,
can be clearly described and are able to effectively present a message in which it is
designed for.
 the presentation of information in the form of diagrams and illustration instead of
words and numbers.
PURPOSES OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS

•
Translate abstract ideas and relationships into concrete form.
•
Used to point readers and viewers to particular information.
•
They convey ideas through simple, bold, legible, brief, non-verbal experiences
during teaching-learning process.
• They facilitate the formation of mental images so basic to learning.
• They present ideas in the form of a picture or a sketch.
• They convey certain types of information in a condensed and summarized form
IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS
 make lessons interesting
 learning easy
 enable teachers to easily express concepts

TYPES OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS

 DRAWING AND ILLUSTRATIONS
o nonphotographic representations of reality. Illustrations can be black and white
 CHARTS
o present relationships such as chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies.
TYPES OF CHARTS
 FLOW CHART OR PROCESS CHART
o show a sequence, procedure, or a flow of a process.
 CLASSIFICATION CHART
o show the classification and categorization of objects or events.
 TABULAR CHART
o show data, usually numerical and are presented in columns.
 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
o show the structure or chain of command in an organization such as company,
government and so on.
 STREAM OR TREE CHART
o show the relationships of data as shown in a hierarchy.
 DIAGRAMS
o a simplified drawing showing the appearance, structure or working of something;
a schematic representation.
o VENN DIAGRAM
-show areas of overlap between elements.
o CYCLE DIAGRAM
-show process with continuous cycle.
o RADIAL DIAGRAM
-show relationships of a core element.
o PYRAMID DIAGRAM
-show foundation-based relationship.
o TARGET DIAGRAM
-show steps toward a goal.
 GRAPHS
o IM which represents numerical data. It also illustrates relationships among units
of data and trends in data.
o LINE GRAPHS
-used frequently in plotting relationships between changes in a set of data,
usually over a period of time.
o BAR GRAPHS
-consists of bars, either horizontally or vertically, which are useful in
presenting comparisons of data.
o PIE GRAPHS
-used to show how a whole is divided into parts and relationship of the parts.
o PICTOGRAPHS
-used pictures to represent and compare numerical data instead of bar and
lines.
 POSTERS
o are materials which combine images, lines, colors, and words.
 CARTOON AND STRIP DRAWINGS
o are colorful line drawings with exaggerated features or symbols that provide
humor or satire.
 MAPS AND GLOBES
 o
represents the Earth or the portion of the Earth's surface.
o PHYSICAL MAP
- emphasize terrain and topographical concepts
o POLITICAL MAP
- emphasize man-made phenomena such as state, city or provincial boundaries,
locations or highways and government buildings.
o SPECIAL PURPOSE MAPS
-used for peculiar purposes like presenting amount of rainfall, population
distribution and travel routes.
ADVANTAGES OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS

• They are capable of attracting attention.

• They convey ideas through simple, bold, legible, brief, non-verbal experiences during
teaching-learning process.
• They facilitate the formation of mental images so basic to learning.
• They present information quickly and effectively.
DISADVANTAGES OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS

• From long distance, visualization cannot be seen.

• Participants might pay more attention to the graphics.

GROUP3
CHALKBOARD

A chalkboard is a slightly abrasive writing surface made of wood, ply, hardboard, cement,
ground glass, asbestos, slate, plastic, etc. with green or bluish green paint on it.
The chalkboard is one of the oldest and best-known teaching aids and it is essential for all
educators to master the technique of using it.

Chalkboard is the most useful and versatile of the visual aids at the disposal of a history teacher.
It would not be wrong to say that the chalkboard is irreplaceable and indispensable.

According to J.C, Aggarwal (1982), it is the oldest and the best friend of the teacher and the
most universally used aid.

ORIGIN
The chalkboard is widely believed to have been invented by a Scottish teacher James Pillans, in
the nineteenth-century.

FACT TRIVIA
George Baron-He was the first American Instructor to use a blackboard.
Originally, blackboards really were black.
Modern versions are often green because the color is considered easier on the eyes
The blackboard represents resistance through education.
THE USE OF CHALKBOARD AS TEACHING AIDS
o Framework of the lecture
o Tests can be written up on the board.
o Chalkboard is very useful to show solutions of the different mathematical problems
systematically
o The Teacher uses the chalkboard to write the important information about the topic.

o A chalkboard provides the educator with an inexpensive and adaptable visual aid which
lasts indefinitely.
o Diagrams, symbols, chart and even more complicated drawings can be added at the
appropriate time to bring life and meaning to the subject.
o Questions or problem to be discussed can be listed on the board

EFFECTIVE CHALKBOARD UTILIZATION

o Writing and drawing should be sufficiently large, clear and visible to all.
o The entire surface of the chalkboard must be visible to all.
o Boards and felt erasers should be kept clean.
o Work to be covered should be organized into sections with appropriate headings.
o Lecturers should take care to speak to the class and not to the board.
ADVANTAGES
o Teachers can have students write on the chalkboard to display their understanding of
course material.
o Availability -Most areas assigned for instruction are equipped with chalkboards.
o Flexible in use in the sense that instructors may use it, learners may use it and changes
can be easily made through erasure.
o Teachers can use chalkboard to draw or illustrate a point-by-point outline of a lesson by
a diagram, chart, etc.
o The chalkboard is inexpensive, especially when the usable life of the board is considered
o You can easily add or erase if you committed error or you forgot to write about the topic.
o Using chalkboard, the students can improve their handwriting/ penmanship
o Through chalkboard, the students can improve or develop their thinking ability and
visualize their own ideas
o Face to face contact with audience
DISADVANTAGES
o Chalk produces dust, it causes allergy and asthma problems.
o You cannot save the writings/ visual materials posted on the board
o Chalkboard work can be messy (dirty)- writings can sometimes not understandable
o The scratching of fingernails on a blackboard, as well as other pointed, especially metal
objects against blackboards, produces a sound that is well known for being extremely
irritating to most people.
o Sometime we can’t write the full information.