Properties of Matter

Matter
● General properties of matter:

○ mass

○ weight

○ volume

○ density

○ specific gravity

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 General Properties of Matter
Mass

- Massis the amount of matter in an object.

- The more matter is present in an object
means the greater its mass.

- It is usually expressed in grams (g) or

kilograms (kg)
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 General Properties of Matter
Materials that are compact
have relatively greater mass
than those with a hollow
interior.

Which one has more

mass between a block
of wood and a ball?
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Measuring Mass
Balance – used to determine object’s mass.
TYPES OF BALANCES

* Digital Scientific Balances

* Beam Balances
- Double Beam Balance
- Triple Beam Balance
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Reading Mass in Triple Beam Balance
Weight
General Properties of Matter

- It is the measure of force that acts on an object.

- It is expressed as the amount of matter (mass)
multiplied by the gravitational force that acts on it.
W= m x g
○ The greater the gravitational force that acts on
an object, the “heavier” it weighs.
- It is expressed in newtons (N).
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 Mass vs. Weight
“Mass and
weight are often
interchangeable,
but these are
two different
quantities.”

A comparison of astronaut’s mass and weight on earth and

on the moon 8
 General Properties of Matter
Volume
- It is the amount of space occupied by matter.

- It can be measured using instruments with

graduations or by getting the dimensions of
the object.

- It is expressed in
* liters (L)/ mL for liquids, or
* cubic meter (cm3) for solids. 9
Measuring Volume of Liquids
Measuring Volume of Solids
 General Properties of Matter
Density
- It is the ratio between mass and volume.

- It is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) or

grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).

- It tells how compact an object is.

○ An object with greater mass has more compact
particles than the lighter ones.

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 General Properties of Matter
Specific Gravity
It is the ratio of a substance’s density to a standard
substance.

It is also known as relative density.

It is a dimensionless quantity.

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 General Properties of Matter

Specific Gravity

Water at 4 oC, which is at its densest, is commonly used as

a standard for comparison of liquids and solids.

Air at room temperature (20 oC) is the usual standard for

comparison of gases.

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How can you distinguish physical
from chemical properties of
matter?
 Physical Properties
Physical Properties

- These are qualities that are readily observable or

measurable without changing the matter’s composition.

General properties such as mass, volume, weight,

density, and specific gravity are all examples of physical
properties.

These are often used to describe or observe matter.

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Other Physical Properties

● melting point ● size

● boiling point ● texture
● freezing point ● shape
● solubility ● color
● metallic properties

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 Other Physical Properties
Melting Point

- It is the temperature
at which a solid matter
changes to liquid.

-It varies according to

its composition of
materials. An ice cream melting
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 Physical Properties

Freezing Point

It is the temperature
at which a liquid
turns into a solid
matter.
Water freezing into a snowflake
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 Physical Properties
Boiling Point

- It is the temperature at
which liquid evaporates

- The vapor pressure is

equal to the pressure of its
surrounding liquid at this
temperature.
The formation of bubbles in a heated
liquid indicates that it is starting to boil.
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Solubility
Physical Properties

- It is the ability of a solute to dissolve in a

given solvent.

- It varies depending on its composition.

- It is considered as a physical property as

one can tell whether a material is soluble or
not by merely observing its physical
A spoonful of sugar
appearance. is soluble in water.
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 Physical Properties
Metallic Properties

These are qualities that are observed specifically

in metals.
○ conductivity
○ malleability
○ ductility

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 Physical Properties
Conductivity

It is the ability of a
material to allow heat
or electric charges to
pass through easily.

Materials can be copper wire aluminum pot

thermal or electrical
conductors.
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 Physical Properties
Malleability

- It is the ability of a material

to be flattened into thin
sheets.

Ductility
gold ring
- It is the ability of a material
to be easily drawn into wires.
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How can physical properties of
matter distinguish one
substance from another?

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Qualities that are readily observable or
measurable without changing the
matter’s composition are known as
physical properties.

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Chemical Properties
● These are the characteristics that can only be seen
when the chemical identity of a material is altered.

● These become evident when a material undergoes a

chemical change.

● These highly depend on its composition.

● Some examples are biodegradability, combustibility,

flammability, and reactivity. 27
 Chemical Properties
Biodegradability

- It is the capacity of a material to decompose through

the actions of microorganisms.

-It is observed when a material undergoes

decomposition.
○ Organic materials or carbon-based materials
have a higher biodegradability compared to
the synthetic ones.
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 Approximate time for common materials to
Biodegradability

decompose in marine and terrestrial

environments
Time to Decompose
Materials
Marine Environment Terrestrial Environment

paper towel 2 to 4 weeks 1 to 2 weeks

apple core 2 months 4 to 6 weeks

tin cans 50 to 100 years

aluminum cans 200 years 80 to 100 years

plastic bags 500 years to forever

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 Chemical Properties

Combustion

- It is a chemical reaction
between a substance (fuel) and
oxygen which results in the
generation of heat and light in
the form of flame. A tip of matchstick burning

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 Chemical Properties

Combustibility
It is the ability of a material to combust or burn.

Flammability
It is the ability of a combustible material to catch
flame easily.

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 Chemical Properties
Combustibility and Flammability

It is the main difference between the two properties: ease

and rate of how an object burns.

Not all combustible materials are flammable.

○ A block of wood may only burn when exposed
to a specific amount of heat and oxygen, but
putting a flame near it will not necessarily
make it burn instantly. 32
Combustibility and Flammability

“Not all
combustibl
e materials
are
flammable.
”
burning wood 33
Reactivity
Chemical Properties

It is the tendency of a substance to

undergo a chemical reaction.

It depends on the chemical structure

and composition of the substance.
○ fluorine: most reactive element
○ noble gases: no to little
reactivity
Platinum is one of the
least reactive metals.
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How can chemical properties of matter
distinguish one substance from
another?

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The characteristics that can only be
seen when the chemical identity of a
material is altered are known as
chemical properties.

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Physical Properties of Matter

● These may be further classified as intensive or

extensive.

● These are based on whether a physical property

depends on the amount of matter or not.

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How will you differentiate
intensive from extensive
properties of matter?

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 Intensive Properties
These properties do not
depend on the amount of
matter.

Examples:
○ color
○ density
○ boiling point Sugar remains white regardless
of its amount or size.
○ melting/freezing point 39
 Extensive Properties

These properties depend

on the amount of matter.

Examples:
○ mass
○ volume

Powdered sugar takes up more

space than sugar cubes. 40
Physical properties of matter may be
categorized as intensive or extensive
based on its dependence on the
amount of matter.

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● Physical properties of matter may be further
classified based on whether it depends on the
amount of matter.
○ Intensive properties are physical properties
that do not depend on the amount of matter.
○ Extensive properties are physical properties
that depend on the amount of matter.

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