1.

The following text is for questions 1 – 5!

(1) Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one
hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in
science and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve
student’s conceptual understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently,
most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT and encourage school teachers to use
them. However, teachers need to be specifically trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.

(2) Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change. However, the spread of ICT is
beginning to affect how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is
integrated into the curriculum. The curriculum documents provide arguments for introducing ICT
in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that graduates from teacher education programs
have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most
current teacher’s pre-service preparation and subsequent in service courses were designed by
using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are
not familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features and possibilities of teaching learning
processes based on ICT.

(3) This issue becomes complicated because the students’ thinking skills are often week. Also,
they typically lack information literacy skills although they were born in or after 1982. In
addition, they belong to the “Net Generation”. Furthermore, they are accustomed to operation in a
digital environment for communication, information gathering, and analysis. The problem is that
students do not have to understand how their use of technology affects their habits of learning.

(4) Effective development of pre-service teacher’s ICT proficiency does not seem not to be a
direct process, but is the one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a needs assessment is
important to find out what ICT skills and knowledge teachers need at school. Second, designers of
teacher education programs should know the pre-service teacher’s perceptions of ICT and their
attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher education programs need to
consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
 (adapted from https://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/26424/19606/)

With the statement “One of the Current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the
curriculum”. In paragraph 2, the author intends to …

a.
Emphasize the needs of teachers with good literacy in technology

b.
Show that teacher education programs have been running expected ICT curriculum

c.
Explain the curriculum documents for ICT introduction in education

d.
Argue that current teachers already have good knowledge of using ICT

e.
Explore the reasons for including ICT in the curriculum document

2. The author’s idea of the relationship between the use of ICT and learning outcomes is
analogues with …

a.

Books – intelligence

b.

Harvest - irrigation

c.

Cellphones - crime
d.

Speed - aeroplane

e.

Vitamin - health

3. The assumption the author has about teacher education programs is that ….

a.

The programs were still designed in reference to traditional education technology and settings

b.

The programs have found out what ICT skills and knowledge the teachers need

c.

The programs have given materials related to the pre-service teacher’s perceptions of ICT

d.

The programs have introduced a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT

e.

The programs have participants who are familiar with the processes of technology-mediated
educational transactions

4.Which paragraphs of the passage illustrate the ideal ICT teacher education program most
effectively?

a.

1&2
b.

c.

d.

2&3

e.

5. " .....and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum.” (paragraph 4)

The word “integration" has the same meaning as the following EXCEPT...

a.

Amalgamation

b.

Dissolution

c.

Incorporation

d.

Combination

e.

Consolidation
6.

The following text is for question 6 – 10!

Democracy in Indonesia encounters numerous challenges. Starting from Soekarno’s Old

Order to the New Order when Soeharto ruled not more than 30 years, the government
implemented a system that culminated in bloodshed. In the reformasi era, learning from past
mistakes, then the new government. Assisted by the people, began to rebuild the system, which
resulted in the establishment of several new political parties.

As the principle of democracy is “for the people, by the people”, the Indonesian
presidential election, which takes place every five years, involves participation from the netizens,
thus creating a sentiment of unity among Indonesians. If done correctly, an election can be
considered as a fair way of choosing because the selected president is supposed to be the one with
the most votes, once a leader is chosen. As citizens, the people are obliged and have the right to
monitor as well as criticize the governments, especially if the letter is thought to not performing
well.

Assisted by technology, today’s society is becoming more critical and can easily convey
their opinions. And the new liberty of information sharing can also be a plus point for Indonesian
leaders. For example, the mayor of Bandung, technology, is often ‘seen’ in Twitter. Residents of
the West Javanese capital could air both complains and suggestions directly through social media,
which can also be perceived as a reciprocal act for the people, who have given the mayor their
trust.

But since election lies in the nation of number, some potential leaders have often focus
solely on gathering the mass of votes, at many times without thinking ahead. This is one of the
weaknesses of democracy in Indonesia. Many candidates seek different ways to promote
themselves. Winning and losing an election could also mean life or death for some of the
candidates. Irrational behaviors, such as committing suicide, have been reported in candidates
who have failed in election. Hence at times, election can be toxic to both the candidates and the
voters. Both parties put a lot of time and money at stake just to get the limited spot.
 Nothing all these aspects, although as of today, the execution of democracy in Indonesia
is still far from perfect, Indonesians are indeed attempting to create a better changes in the society,
which by itself is also getting smarter, Indonesian leaders, must be careful when taking decisions,
especially if they can affect the prosperity and development of the country.

The primary idea of the passage is …

a.

General election in Indonesia

b.

The role of technology in expressing opinions

c.

The development of democracy in Indonesia

d.

Indonesian democracy is imperfect

e.

The importance of people’s role in democracy

7. What is the purpose of the text …

a.

To compare democracy in Indonesia during Old Order and New Order

b.

To relate the Indonesian democracy with its prosperity

c.

To define the system of democracy in Indonesia

d.

To review the development of democracy in Indonesia

e.

To analyze the imperfection of Indonesian democracy

8. From the second paragraph in can be inferred that …

a.

There is no need to monitor and criticize the government

b.

President is elected once in five years by people representatives

c.

The duty of the citizens is simply selecting a leader

d.

People must monitor and criticize their government only when it does not perform well

e.

Citizens are required not only to elect their leaders but also monitor and criticize them

9. What is the tone of the passage?

a.

Neutral
b.

Pessimistic

c.

Concerned

d.

Accusatory

e.

Indifferent

10. The word “sentiment” in “…. involves participation from the netizens, thus creating a
sentiment of unity among Indonesians” (paragraph 2) means …

a.

Disinclination

b.

Feeling

c.

Disinterest

d.

Reality

e.

Hatred