Colloquial Russian Colloquial Russian provides a step-by-step course in Russian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Russian in a broad range of situations, requiring no prior knowledge of the language. Features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries This fifth edition offers modernised language reflecting social and cultural changes, new vocabulary that’s essential for day-to-day interactions, and updated audio material. Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Russian will be an indispensable resource for both independent learners and students taking courses in Russian. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download for free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. The audio material features the texts, dialogues and exercises from the book and will help develop listening and pronunciation skills. Svetlana le Fleming has taught Russian at the University of Northumbria, UK. Susan E. Kay has taught Russian at the University of Northumbria, UK. Mikhail Vodopyanov is Associate Lecturer in Russian at the University of St Andrews, UK.THE COLLOQUIAL SERIES The following languages are available in the Colloquial seri Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic (Levantine) Arabic of Egypt Arabic of the Gulf Basque Bengali Breton Bulgarian Burmese Cambodian Cantonese Catalan Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Gujarati Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Kazakh Korean LatvianLithuanian Malay Mongolian Norwegian Panjabi Persian Polish Portuguese Portuguese of Brazil Romanian Russian Scottish Gaelic Serbian Slovak Slovene Somali Spanish Spanish of Latin America Swahili Swedish Tamil Thai Tibetan Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Welsh Yiddish Yoruba Zulu COLLOQUIAL 2s series: The Next Step in Language Learning Chinese Dutch French German Irish Italian Portuguese of Brazil Russian Spanish Spanish of Latin America Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO available online. All audio tracks referenced within the text are free to stream or download fromwww.routledge.com/cw/colloquials.Colloquial Russian The Complete Course for Beginners Fifth Edition Svetlana le Fleming, Susan E. Kay and Mikhail Vodopyanov i Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORKDesigned cover image: Marina Stroganova via Pixabay Fifth edition published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Svetlana le Fleming, Susan E. Kay and Mikhail Vodopyanov The right of Svetlana le Fleming, Susan E. Kay and Mikhail Vodopyanov to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 1993 Fourth edition published by Routledge 2017 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Le Fleming, Svetlana, author. | Kay, Susan E., 1947- author. | Vodopyanoy, Mikhail, author. Title: Colloquial Russian : the complete course for beginners / Svetlana le Fleming, Susan E. Kay, Mikhail Vodopyanov. Description: Fifth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York ; Routledge, 2023. | Series: Colloquial series | Includes indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2022043926 (print) | LCCN 2022043927 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032417486 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003359562 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Russian language—Conversation and phrase books—English. | Russian language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—English. | Russian language—Spoken Russian. Classification: LCC PG2121 .L364 2023 (print) | LCC PG2121 (ebook) | DDC 491.783/421—de23 LC record available at https: //Iccn.loc.gov/2022043926 LC ebook record available at https://Iccn.loc.gov/2022043927ISBN: 978-1-032-47941-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-41748-6 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-35956-2 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562 ‘Typeset in Avant Garde and Helvetica by Apex CoVantage, LLC Every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders. Please advise the publisher of any errors or omissions, and these will be corrected in subsequent editions. Access the companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/colloquialsContents Preface to the fifth edition Introduction Introduction to the Russian language 1 Kak Bac 30ByT? What’s your name? In this unit you will learn how to: Identify yourself - your name, nationality, profession and address Ask simple questions Describe things using ‘my’, ‘your’ and adjectives Use the prepositional case 2 Usy4dem pycckni A3biK We are studying Russian In this unit you will learn how to: Say which languages you can speak Talk about television and newspapers ‘Ask more questions Use personal pronouns Use verbs in the present tense Make nouns plural Form adverbs Use a wider range of adjectives 3B roctunnye At the hotel In this unit you will learn how to: Ask the way Find out about hotel services and facilities Use the accusative case Use a wider range of possessives and adjectives Use numbers 1-30 4 TWnW4HbIn DeHb A typical dayIn this unit you will learn how to: Order a meal Use the genitive case Use short adjectives Describe your day Use ordinal numerals 1-30 5 Cemba Family In this unit you will learn how to: Deal with introductions Learn about Russian names Learn about Russian addresses Talk about your family, their characters, hobbies and work Use personal pronouns in the accusative and genitive Form expressions for ‘must’ and ‘all’ 6Vném B réctu! Visiting friends In this unit you will learn how to: Receive guests and be a guest yourself Talk about clothing Refer to days of the week Give someone's age Use reflexive verbs Use the dative case 7 Cnopt Sport In this unit you will learn how to: Talk about sport Talk about careers Use the imperfective past tense Use the instrumental case Use vei 8 ThoGHmpiis STABIX Favourite holidays In this unit you will learn how to: Discuss the weather Talk about holidays Refer to months of the year Use adjectives, possessives, STOT, TOT, BeCb and oH in cases other than the nominativeUse cBoii 9 NpésquuKkn Festivals In this unit you will learn how to: Describe festivals and celebrations Use the imperfective future tense Express dates 10 Ap6aT Arbat In this unit you will learn how to: Hold a telephone conversation Make a date Use verbs of motion 11 Kak cHATb KBapTipy B MockBé How to rent a flat in Moscow In this unit you will learn how to: Talk about renting a flat Use the perfective past and perfective future tenses 12 Poccwiickue CMM Russian mass media In this unit you will learn how to: Talk about various media Form nominative, accusative and genitive plurals Use the imperative Use adjectives with numerals Ask questions using nu 13 3a nokynkamu! Shopping In this unit you will learn how to: Make purchases and deal with prices Use dative, instrumental and prepositional plurals Use the partitive genitive Use numerals 40-1,000 Translate the verb ‘to put’ 14 Nytewécteua Travelling In this unit you will learn how to:Buy a rail or air ticket Describe a journey Use prefixed verbs of motion 15 Teatp The theatre In this unit you will learn how to: Book a theatre ticket Talk about the theatre Tell the time Use comparatives Use koTéppii 16 3npasooxpanénue Health care In this unit you will learn how to: Talk about health and cope with a visit to the doctor Use the superlative Use ce6A Use negatives 17 Netep6ypr St Petersburg In this unit you will learn how to: Write a letter Express dates Use more numerals Use the subjunctive/conditional 18 PapHonpésue Equal rights In this unit you will learn how to: Discuss women’s rights in Russia Form present active and past active participles Use Hékoro and Hé4ero 19 O6pasoB4nne Education In this unit you will learn how to: Talk about education in Russia Form the passive voice Form present and past passive participles Use 4T6-T0, 4T0-HN6YAb20 Cu6Mpb Siberia In this unit you will learn how to: Discuss ecological issues Use verbal adverbs (gerunds) Use conjunctions Use To, YTO. Grammar summary Rules of spelling - Gender - Declension tables - Verbs - Prepositions - Stress Key to the exercises English-Russian vocabulary Russian-English vocabulary Audio track listing Grammar index Russian indexPreface to the fifth edition Peter and Marina, the two main characters whose storylines run through Colloquial Russian, have accompanied generations of learners on their journey towards fluency in Russian. While they remain at the heart of this new edition, they are now joined by new characters to highlight the diversity of speakers of Russian, both within Russia and beyond. New vocabulary is introduced throughout this edition, to reflect contemporary changes in language and communication technologies. To continue with a balanced representation of gender, more feminine forms feature in example grammar sentences and exercises. Comprehension questions that follow texts and dialogues are now presented in Russian to provide learners with an additional opportunity for active engagement with the language. For the first time, audio recordings of all texts are available in addition to the dialogue and exercise recordings, thus providing full audio coverage of all textual materials presented in the book. Finally, new images offer learners a refreshed glimpse into Russian life, architecture and culture. I would like to thank my colleagues and students at the University of St Andrews for always providing a stimulating learning environment, which has been a source of inspiration for this edition. I would also like to thank my parents Elena and Vladimir Vodopyanov, to whom I dedicate this work. Mikhail Vodopyanov September 2022Introduction DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562-1 Colloquial Russian is intended for adult learners and students working on their own or with a teacher. It covers the situations, vocabulary and grammar required to take students up to GCSE level, and in the later units, it also includes some advanced- level grammar, for example participles and gerunds. Units begin with dialogues and short texts. These introduce new grammar points and are followed by lists of new vocabulary. Only the new vocabulary is explained in each unit. There is a cumulative Russian-English vocabulary at the back of the book, and it is important to try to master the vocabulary for each unit before moving on to the next. Each unit, as well as introducing new grammar points, focuses on a topic and teaches the student how to approach particular communicative situations in Russian, The English-Russian vocabulary does not contain all the words used in the book, and is intended for use with improvisation exercises and English-Russian translations. Communicative and situation-based exercises follow dialogues and texts, and include text-based questions and those directed at the student. Additional topic- based short pieces include questionnaires, advertisements, menus and maps. Vocabulary-building exercises provide learners and teachers with copious materials for speaking and group activities. They include ‘Russian realia’, which are documents drawn from Russian daily life; these may be used as practice for the GCSE reading exercise. Not every single word and expression used in these extracts is explained in the book. Treat this as a real-life exercise and do not expect to understand every word but just enough to be able to work out the answers to the questions. Each unit contains a grammar section explaining the new structures introduced in that unit. Explanations are strictly related to the material in the unit and do not cover exceptions that do not appear in the book. It could be helpful to glance at these explanations when translating texts and dialogues and then work through the section more methodically before attempting the grammar exercises that follow. The improvisation exercise gives students the opportunity to use the new vocabulary and structures learnt in the unit to communicate in a real-life situation. Finally, there is an English-Russian translation exercise testing both vocabulary and structures encountered in the unit. There is a key to the exercises at the back of the book, but with respect to the improvisation exercise the answers given are only suggestions. The goal of this exercise is to communicate the message using expressions you feel confident with. At the end of the book is a Grammar summary, It presents the main grammatical forms dealt with in the book in tables for easy reference. The two-way vocabularyand an index to the grammatical points covered in each unit are also at the back of the book. The recordings, which are free to access online, will help the student with pronunciation and development of speaking and listening skills. The symbol indicates available recordings. We would like to express our gratitude to Ian Ferguson who designed the Russian cursive font used in the handwritten alphabet section.Introduction to the Russian language DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562-2 The Cyrillic alphabet (Audio 1.2) The alphabet used for Russian has many similarities with the Greek alphabet. This is because it was devised by Byzantine missionaries from the Greek Orthodox Church. The alphabet is known as ‘Cyrillic’ in honour of the missionary St Cyril, who is thought to have invented it together with his brother St Methodius. Many sounds that the Cyrillic alphabet represents are quite similar to English sounds, Russian letter Closest English equivalent 1 A a a asin father 2 6B 6 b 3. 8B B v 4 r r g as in girl 5 a a d 6 E e ye as in yes 7 €E é yo as in yonder 8 mw # zh/s as in treasure 9 3 3 Zz 10 U n ee as in feet 1 Hn a y as in buy 12K K k 13°«*2 n 1Russian letter Closest English equivalent 14° M M m 15H H n 16 O ° ° as in or 177 on n P 18 P p r wy C c s 20 T T t 2.sy y 00 as in shoot 22 © od f 23° -X x ch as in loch 24 ou m ts as in bits 2 4 4 ch as in chimp 26 «WW w sh asin rush 27) «ou wy shsh as in fishshop 28 > hard sign 29 bl sit 30 b soft sign 31 9 2 e as in net 32 10 0 yu/u as in use 33° «Al a ya asin yardLearning the alphabet letter by letter (Audio 1.3) Use the following practice words, many of which are similar to English words, to familiarise yourself with the Russian alphabet. It will be useful to study this section in conjunction with the recordings, since the English equivalents are only approximate. These practice words have stress marks added to tell you which syllable to put most emphasis on when the word has more than one syllable. The letter & is always stressed. Russian letter English equivalent Practice word Meaning T t ° as in or mM m Tom volume (‘tome’) a as in father 4ToM atom Pp r moTép. motor n P nopt port c s cnopt sport cton stop nacnopt passport e ye asin yes metp metre 9 e asin net Spa era K k SkcnopT export opkéctp orchestra 4 n Hoc nose “ ee asin feet wmnopt import n 1 nna lamp kunoméTp kilometre 6 b SanéT ballet Spar brotherRussian letter English equivalent Practice word Meaning a d AoKTOp doctor y 00 as in shoot typict tourist ctyAéHT student oo) £ cbyT6én football cbpykt fruit r 4 nporpamma programme KunorpamM. kilogram 3 z KOMMyHii3M communism a y asin buy my3éa museum Tponnév6yc trolleybus man May mon my x zh/s as in treasure >kKypHan journal B v sonei66n volleyball Bénra Volga u ts as in bits ueHTp centre KOHUépT concert 10 yu/u as in use Yomop humour cioxét subject w sh asin rush woK shock wy shsh as in fishshop ToBApuy, comrade é yo as in yonder énka fir tree x chas in loch 3x0 echo A ya asin yard aK yak bl iasin sit my3bika music 4 chas in chimp vemnuéH championRussian letter English equivalent Practice word Meaning yal tea b soft sign (Audio 1.4) The soft sign (b) does not have a sound of its own. It tells you how to pronounce the consonant that precedes it. Consonants followed by a b are softened or ‘palatalised’. That means that they are pronounced with the middle of the tongue rising towards the roof of the mouth. It is rather like making a short y sound after the consonant: cTunb ‘style’; cpunbo ‘film’. > hard sign Similarly, the hard sign (14) does not represent a sound of its own. Make a slight break in the word where the hard sign comes: 6 BéKT ‘object’. Pronunciation You will be surprised how easily you can read Russian aloud once you have mastered the alphabet. The transition from recognising individual letters to being able to read whole words is much easier in Russian than in English. If you pronounce Russian words letter by letter, as they are written, you will come very close to a correct pronunciation. However, there are some additional points that you must take note of if you wish to perfect your pronunciation. They are described below. If you have the recordings, make sure you listen for these points. Stress and vowel reduction (Audio 1.5) Stress marks are used throughout this book to show you which syllable to emphasise in your pronunciation of each word. This phenomenon of stress is not peculiar to Russian. English words also have a stressed syllable. For example, ‘el’ is pronounced differently in ‘eligible’, where it is stressed, and ‘travel’, where it is not stressed. In Russian, the emphasis on the stressed syllable is even greater than in English. The unstressed syllables, in consequence, suffer greater reduction. Reduction of vowels Vowels in stressed syllables are pronounced with their full value, normally exactly as they are written. Vowels in unstressed syllables are articulated less strongly, and this changes the pronunciation of some vowels quite considerably.Unstressed ‘o’ An unstressed ‘o’ is reduced to either: (a) a weak ‘a’ sound if the ‘o’ is at the beginning of the word or in the syllable immediately before the stress, e.g. O6bEKT ‘object’, MOTOp ‘motor’, Tponnén6yc ‘trolleybus’ or (b) an even weaker ‘e’ (as in ‘father’) in all other unstressed syllables, e.g. &tom ‘atom’, tomop ‘humour’, xo ‘echo’, nacnopr ‘passport’. Unstressed ‘e’ and ‘s” When they are not stressed, ‘e’ and ‘s’ are usually pronounced more like a weak ‘n’, e.g. Onepa ‘opera’, pectopau ‘restaurant’, A3EIK ‘language’. At the end of a word they often sound more like the ‘e’ in father, e. ‘good’, cbamunna ‘surname’. Other vowels are not so greatly affected when they are in unstressed syllables, generally being pronounced like a weak version of themselves. Because stress can affect the pronunciation of a Russian word to such a significant extent, it is important to adopt good habits from the very beginning, always making every effort to stress words correctly when reading and always learning new words with the correct stress. When the ending of a Russian word changes, the position of the stress may also change. For example, the stress may be on different syllables in the plural and singular forms of a noun or be in a different position in different parts of the same verb. Some common stress patterns are included in the Grammar summary at the end of this book. It is not necessary to put stress marks on Russian words when writing unless this helps with the learning process. Russians do not use stress marks when they write. AO6poe Pronunciation of the vowel ‘bl’ There is no exact equivalent sound in English. It is pronounced like ‘i’ in ‘sit’ but the tongue is drawn further back: a3éiK ‘language’, My3biKa ‘music’. This is not an easy sound to copy. Try saying ‘oo’ but with your lips unrounded. Pronunciation of certain consonants (Audio 1.6) Some Russian consonants, while very similar to sounds in English, are pronounced in a slightly different way.The Russian letter p (the ‘r’ sound) is rolled. The tongue vibrates against the front of the palate: Pocena ‘Russia’. T, Mand Hare pronounced like English ‘t’, ‘d’ and ‘n’ except that the tip of the tongue is against the upper teeth, its tip pointing downwards and not with the tongue further back as in English: Tom ‘volume’, nopt ‘port’, AO«Top ‘doctor’, pectopax ‘restaurant’. B is pronounced like English ‘v’ but with the lower lip behind the upper teeth: Bonra ‘River Volga’. Jlis pronounced like English ‘I’ but with the back of the tongue low and the tip against the upper teeth: namna ‘lamp’. W is pronounced like the ‘sh’ in ‘rush’ but with the tongue curled away from the palate: wok ‘shock’, LU is pronounced like a double-length ‘sh’, but with the tongue flat against the palate: Topapmuy ‘comrade’. is like ‘s’ in ‘treasure’ but with the lower jaw extended: xypHan ‘magazine’. Soft consonants (Audio 1.7) The effect of a soft sign & on the consonant that precedes it has already been mentioned. Certain vowels have the same effect. They are e, 6, U, 10, A. Consonants followed by these vowels are pronounced in the same way as consonants followed by a soft sign, i.e. with the middle of the tongue rising towards the roof of the mouth: 6unér. Most Russian consonants have both this soft form and a hard form which is pronounced with the tongue lower in the mouth. The difference in sound is most noticeable with the consonants n and T: *xypHan ‘magazine’, cTunb ‘style’; cnopT ‘sport’, MaTb ‘mother’, ‘Asmall number of Russian consonants have only a hard or only a soft form. 9K, wi and y are always hard. After them u sounds like bI, e sounds like 3 and a soft sign b is ignored: umpk ‘circus’, YeHTp ‘centre’. Y and uy are always soft and after them a sounds like # and y like 10: 4aii ‘tea’. Consonants at the end of the word (Audio 1.8) At the end of a word: Ais pronounced like T wokonag ‘chocolate’ (pronunciation woKonaT) r is pronounced like k apyr ‘friend’ (pronunciation @pyk) B is pronounced like ep Top6ayés ‘Gorbachev’ (pronunciation Top6a4éep) 3 is pronounced like c pKa ‘jazz’ (pronunciation apKac)x is pronounced like wi Gardx ‘luggage’ (pronunciation 6araw) 6 is pronounced like n rpv6 ‘mushroom’ (pronunciation rpun) This is because a, F, B, 3, , 6 are voiced consonants, i.e. when they are pronounced the vocal chords vibrate. T, k, ep, c, W, M are voiceless consonants. They are pronounced with exactly the same shaped mouth and tongue position as their voiced partners but without the vibration of the vocal chords. Consonants at the ends of words in Russian are always pronounced as if they are voiceless, irrespective of how they are written. When there is a combination of two or more consonants in Russian, they are either all pronounced as if voiced, or all pronounced as if voiceless. The character of the last consonant in the combination determines how the others are pronounced. If the last consonant is voiced, the others will be voiced: epyt66n (pronunciation ebyA6on). If it is voiceless, the others will be voiceless: BOAKa ‘vodka’ (pronunciation BoTka). This occurs, not just within a word, but also where two words are pronounced without a pause between them: B KMHO ‘to the cinema’ (pronunciation cp KAHO). The handwritten alphabetA a 6 @ Pop P pn 5 6 BS c cc CG «€ a 8s @ € 1 + Mm r r JF 4 voy XY # an a2 @D g o 6 & © Ee e € e x x B & e 6 @ @€ uiu 4% 4 K «x KM we 44 & 2 3 3 & 3 wu wu & « von &@ «@ uu @ wy na @ @ » a K « & «& ot e non 4 «& b 6 Mou Mu 3 2 JF 9 H on CO 4 0 0 SHO o 0 O «@ A an &@& 2 non & a (a) Do not omit the small hook at the beginning of the letters m, n, A: Gunér oem =napa FG (b) The only ‘tall’ letters are 6 and B. The letters n, H, K are the same size as the letter a: 6anért oem = Bonenbin Foxedht KUHd AUKe Practising writing letter by letterRussian letter Practice word T T TI mn ° ° 0 ° M “ aM nu TOM mou A a é a atom anu Pp Pp P fr morop momar n n Ha nopt toga Gc} c c ce cnopt enon ron cmon nacnopr nacnofm E ° é e MeTp emp 3 2 I 9 Spa ye K « He #& ‘Skcnopt snenofum opKéctp opnccmfr H 4 FE 4 Pectopan fecmefpan nv “ u“ a jamnopT aunofum a a A « néwna ALMA KunoMéTp Muto nemfr 5 6 SE Sf 6anér em Gunét AMatem Alphabet recognition Test your knowledge of the alphabet by trying to work out the meaning of the following words: (a) Sporting terms 1. TéeHHUC 2. cbyT6on 3. GackeT6on 4. xOKKEH 5. MaT4 6. ron 7. cpMHnWw 8. cnoptcméH 9. 4emnnoH 10. cTagquon 11, atnétuKa 12. roneep(b) Out and about napk nopt Teatp Pectopan Kacbé yHuBepcuTéT WHCTHTYT 3oonapK 6ank 10. ueHTp 11. 6ynbBap 12, cynepmapKeT PeNArrener (c) Things you might order in a café 1. KOcbe 2. numonag, 3. BOAKA 4. 6ucpurTeKc 5. chpyKr 6. cyn (d) Entertainment . TeaTp KOHUépT onepa 6anér cpunem My3bika nporpamma paqno Bngeo peryavaeye (e) Useful words for a tourist nacnopt Typuct Tpancnopt apTo6yc Tponnén6yc TaKcn aaponopt Garax orénb PreAAyrerenr(£) Cities of the world PeNArrener . Nongou Mockea Netep6ypr Hbo-Mopk Amctepaam Squn6ypr Napix Bepnuw Wanxan (g) Countries of the world Per aren pr Aurnua Poccna Amépuka ®panuna Tepmanna Asctpanua Wranua Wotnanana VcnanuaUnit One Kak Bac 30ByT? What’s your name? DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562-3 « Identify yourself - your name, nationality, profession and address * Ask simple questions * Describe things using ‘my’, ‘your’ and adjectives * Use the prepositional case anor 1 / Dialogue 1 B camonéte On the plane (Audio 1.9) Peter Green, an English businessman, is on his way to Moscow to join a Russian- British computer firm. He has learnt a little bit of Russian, and when he notices the young woman sitting next to him on the plane reading a Russian magazine, he takes the opportunity to try out his Russian. Nintep: Sto pycckuii xypHan? Maphna: fla, pyccknii. Nitep: Untepécuein? Mapiua: Ouenb uxtepécupiit! Narep: Bet typuctka? Mapua: Her, 9 He Typuictka. A ctyaéHtKa. Mntep: CryaéHtka B MockBé? Mapua: A ctypéntka MY. MI - Sto MockéscKni yHupepeutér. A Bbi TypucT? Nirtep: Her, a He Typiicr. A 6usHecmén. Mapiua: Aurnuiickit 6uzHecméH? Sto Bawa npocbéccua? Nitep: Her, 9 uKeHép. AHrniicknii uEpkeHép - Nutep Fp. Mapnia: Oueb npuatHo! Mntep: A kak Bac 30ByT?Mapina: Mena 3oayt Mapua Netposa. Nutep: Bawa cbhaminua Netposa? Bel pycckan? Mapina: fla, pycckaa, Ho 9 He Tuni4Haa pycckaa! Moi oTéu pycckuii, a MOA MaTb aHmmuatka. A 3To He O4eHb THNMYHO! Tntep: A a Tuna4Hbii aHrnu4aHuu! Molt oTéy aHrnu4aHni, v MOA MaTb axrnnuaHka. Kpemne Boi rocnoguu [pun? Are you Mr Green? (Audio 1.10) A man meets Peter at the arrivals gate at Moscow airport. Visavos: 3qpascreyite! Bb rocnogitH Tpun? Nirep: Dla, a Mirtep Fpun. L66poe ytpo! Visas: A Bau wocbép, Visanoe Visar ViaHosiu! Nurtep: OveHb npnatHo! Visaxos: Baw agpec B Mocksé - roctaHuua «TBepcKan». Mntep: Poctiunua «TeepcKan»? A roe roctnHnua «TBepcKan»? Vipaoe: Toctiunua «Taepckas» - 8 ugHTpe. Sto TeepcKaa ynuya - YeXTpanbHan ynuua B Mockeé. Tam Kpemn, Kpacuaa nnowagp. Nutep: Ouenb xopowod! Visaxos: Bot Bawa MawitHa! Noxanyiicta! Mntep: Cnacn6o! Cnosapb / Vocabularya anpec aurnuiick|| nit, -an, -0e axrnmyan |i, Ka) agponopt 6usHecméH B (+ prep) Baw, Bawa, Bawe BOT Bbl rae rocnogin rocthumya aa »xypHan “ uMKeHép: uuTepécH || bit, -an, -0e KaK Kpacuaa nnowanp (f) Typicr, -Ka cbamanna xopowo ueHTp and, but address English Englishman (woman) airport businessman in, at your here is you where Mr hotel yes magazine and engineer interesting how Red Square (male, female) tourist surname it is good; well centre Kpemne ( MaTb mawinna Mry Moi, Moa, Mos MockoscKnin yrueepenrér He HeT oréy oueHb npocpéccun pycek||nii, -aa camonét CTyAéHT, -ka TaM Teepcxan ynuya THNMYHO Tann4H || BIA, -aa, -0e UeHTpanbh || bil, -an, -oe wodép 310 A Kremlin mother car Moscow State University my Moscow University not no father very profession Russian (man), Russian (woman) airplane (male, female) student there Tverskaya Street it’s typical typical central driver this is, it is I Kak Bac 30ByT? MeHA 3oByT. Moa chamunus. ISapasctByite! |o6poe ytpo! |Cnacn6o! Noxanyiicta! Kak Bawa cbamianua? l6uene npuaTHo! What's your name? My name is. ... What’s your surname? My surname is. ... Pleased to meet you! Hello! Good morning! Thank you! Please! You are welcome! NB When Russians give their names, they will often give their surname first. Peter's driver introduces himself as MzaHOs Mean VBanosny. His surname is ABaHoe; hisfirst name is Wav. Asanosny is a middle name based on his father’s first name. A more detailed explanation of Russian names is in Unit 5. Bonpocpt - Questions Answer the following questions about yourself in Russian. Try to answer in complete sentences: Kak Bac 30897? (to a woman) BbI aHrnuaHka? (to a man) Bet aHrnu4aHn? Bei nH»KeHEp? (to a woman) Boi cTyAéHTKa? (to a man) Bb! ctyaéH7? Boi ctyaéHT(ka) B yHuBepenTéte? Fae Baw yHuBepcuTéT? Bau oTéy aHrnM4aHin? Bala MaTb aHrnuyaHka? [pammatnka / Grammar Absence of ‘a’ and ‘the’ There is no definite article (the word ‘the’) or indefinite article (the words ‘a’ or ‘an’) in Russian. A uepkenép means either ‘I am an engineer’ or ‘I am the engineer’, and you have to select the appropriate translation according to the context. Omission of ‘am’, ‘are’, ‘is’ In Russian, the present tense of the verb ‘to be’ is usually omitted. Thus, the sentence ‘I am Russian’ is translated A pycexas - lit. ‘I Russian’. Between two nouns, a dash can be used in place of the verb: Nertposa - Bawa chamunua. ‘Petrova is your surname’. The word 3to means ‘this/that/it’, but since the present tense of ‘to be’ is usually omitted, it will generally be translated as ‘it is, this is’ etc.: To pycckni KypHan. ‘It is a Russian magazine’. 370 Bawa npocbéccusa. ‘It is your profession’, Bor translates as ‘here is/here are’: 370 Bawa Mawinna. ‘Here is your car’.Note the use of He in the negative form: ‘He Typn cr. ‘Iam not a tourist’. S10 He O4eHb THNAYHO. “That is not very typical’. Interrogative sentences You can ask a question in Russian simply by putting a question mark at the end of a statement or by changing your intonation if you are speaking: 3ro Bawa npodéccua. ‘It is your profession’. Sto Bawa npocpéceua? ‘Is it your profession?” 310 pyccKnis xypHan? ‘Is it a Russian magazine?” YnpaxkHéHne 1 / Exercise 1 Using the following words, ask a question and reply in the affirmative. For example: Sto xypHan? fa, Sto xypHan. camonétT agpondopT 6usHecméH yHUBepcuTéT roctmHvya Kpemnb Kpacuaa nnowagb Mat oréy, aHrmuaHinn 11. pyecknit CPN AAS LYS 2 YnparkHéHne 2 / Exercise 2Using the following pairs of words, ask a question and reply in the negative. For example: Sro Mocks? Het, 3to He Mockea, STo JoHpoH. 1. Typiict - 6u3sHecMéH 2. CTYMEéHT - CTyéHTKa 3. KpacHaa nnouwapb - Teepcaa ynnua 4, FOCTMHMUa - yHUBepcuTéT 5. AHTMMYAHUH - pyccKnih Gender of nouns Russian has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Nouns denoting male people or animals are masculine and those denoting female people or animals are feminine. Unlike English, not all nouns denoting inanimate objects are neuter. Some are masculine and some are feminine. The gender of a noun in Russian can generally be determined by its last letter. Nouns ending in a consonant are masculine: xypHan ‘magazine’; ampec ‘address’. Nouns ending in -a or -# are feminine: ynuua ‘street’; cpamanua ‘surname’; npobécena ‘profession’. Nouns ending in -o are neuter: Ytpo ‘morning’. Some nouns ending in -b are feminine, others are masculine, so their gender has to be learnt: nnowyamb ‘square’ - feminine; Kpemmb ‘Kremlin’ - masculine. Note that there are two forms of the words ‘tourist’ and ‘student’: Typuct ‘male tourist’, typuctka ‘female tourist’; cty@éHT ‘male student’, cty@éHTka ‘female student’. Possessive adjectives The words for ‘my’ and ‘your’ change according to the gender of the nouns they are describing: Mom oTéu ‘my father’; MOA MaTb ‘my mother’; Moé yTpo ‘my morning’. The form Moi is used with a masculine noun, the form Moa with a feminine noun and the form Moé with a neuter noun. Baw aqpec ‘your address’; Baia cbamanna ‘your surname’; Bale YTpo ‘your morning’. The form Bau is used with a masculine noun, the form Bawa with a feminine noun and the form Bawe with a neuter noun. YnpaxHéHue 3 / Exercise 3 (Audio 1.11) Using the following words, ask a question and reply in the affirmative. For example: Sro Bawa cbaminus? Ma, ato Moa chamianua.mawinHa oKypHan foctnynya agpec oTéy MaTb camonét sogeesee Adjectives All adjectives change their endings according to the gender of the nouns they are describing: wHTepécHbIt xypHan ‘interesting magazine’; uHTepécHan nporbéceua ‘interesting profession’; AHTepécHoe YTpo ‘interesting morning’. The ending -bIm is used when the noun it describes is masculine, the ending -aa when the noun is feminine and the ending -oe when it is neuter. Note these other examples: MockOBckuii yHnBepenTer ‘Moscow University’; avrniicKnit 6u3HecMeH ‘English businessman’; pycckan cpamunua ‘Russian surname’. In MockOBcKun and aHrnuicKun the ending is -wi rather than the regular -biM ending because it is a rule of Russian spelling that b1 is replaced by w after K. The word pycekas as well as being the feminine form of the adjective ‘Russian’ can also mean ‘a Russian woman’, Similarly pyéckwit, the masculine form, can also mean ‘a Russian man’. In order to translate the adjective in an English expression such as ‘it is good/that is good’, Russian uses a form ending in -0: xopowid ‘it (that) is good’. It can also be combined with the word Sto: S10 Tunh4HO. This is typical. YnpaxHéHue 4 / Exercise 4 (Audio 1.12) Using the following words with the adjective pycckmi, ask a question and reply in the affirmative. For example: Sto pycckasn roctuHuuya? Qa, 3to pycckas rocTaHuua. 1. agpec 2. damunua 3. agponopt 4, camonéT 5. MHKEHEp:6. 6U3HECMEH 7. cTyneHTKa 8. TypucTKa YnparkHéune 5 / Exercise 5 Using the same words ask a question and reply in the negative, replacing pycckuin with aurnwicKna. For example: Sto pycekan rocthHuuya? Her, 3To anrniiickan rocTuHuua. Cases Russian is a language with a case system. Nouns appear in different cases, indicated by different endings, according to the role they fulfil in the sentence. There are six cases in Russian: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional. Nominative case The nominative case of a noun is used when that noun is the subject of the sentence. This is the form in which it will be listed in the dictionary and is the form we look at to determine the gender. Most nouns in this unit are in the nominative case. Kypuan, cbaminua, typict, aapec are examples of nouns in the nominative case. Sto and Bor are followed by nouns in the nominative case: Bot mawnna. ‘Here is the car’. The nominative case is also used after ‘am’, ‘are’, ‘is’ when these words are omitted in Russian: A anrnuyanun. ‘lam an Englishman’. Prepositional case Following a preposition a noun will no longer be in the nominative case and its ending will probably change. The preposition which appears in this unit is B, meaning ‘in’. It is followed by the prepositional case although other prepositions inRussian may be followed by other cases such as the accusative or the genitive. The ending for most nouns in the prepositional case in the singular is -e. Nouns ending in a consonant add -e after the final letter: yeHTp ‘centre’; B U@HTpe ‘in the centre’. Nouns ending in a vowel and masculine nouns ending in -& change the final letter to -e: MockBa ‘Moscow’; B Mocksé ‘in Moscow’; Kpemnib ‘the Kremlin’; B Kpemné ‘in the Kremlin’. Note that in Russian ‘on the plane’ is B camonéTe. YnpakHénne 6 / Exercise 6 Using the following words, answer the question: [ae Typncet? For example: Tae typitct? Typacr B Mockeé. 1, ougou 2, rocTHHMya 3. YHUBepcuTeT 4. YeHTP 5. camonéT nposusayua / Improvisation Your first questions in Russian (Audio 1.13) Now it’s your turn to join in a Russian conversation. Try to convey the sense of the English phrases using the Russian expressions you have learnt in this unit. - 106poe ytpo. ~ Reply by saying ‘good morning’ in return. - Moa cbamianua Nerpos. A kak Bawa cbamianua? ~ Give your surname as Ivanov if you are a man, or Ivanova if you are a woman. - OueHb npuatuo! — Respond by saying ‘pleased to meet you’. - Bol pyccknii? (Bi pycckaa?) ~ Reply no, you are English. - Bawa chaminua pycckan? ~ Say that your father is Russian and your mother is English. - Untepécno! Bei typict(ka)? ~ Reply that you are not a tourist but an engineer. - [ge Bawa roctunnya B Mocksé? ~ Tell him that your hotel is in the centre. - B ueHTpe? Sto xopowid! Kpemnb uv Kpacuaa nnowapb 8 UeHTpe.Nepesog / Translation - My name is Brown. What is your name? ~ My name is Ivanov. - Are you Russian? = No, [am English. - But your name is Russian. - My father is Russian and my mother is English. ~ That’s interesting! Where is your hotel in Moscow? ~ My hotel is in the centre. - Inthe centre? That’s nice! The Kremlin and Red Square are in the centre!Unit Two Visyyaem pyccKnun AsbIK We are studying Russian DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562-4 Say which languages you can speak Talk about television and newspapers Ask more questions Use personal pronouns Use verbs in the present tense Make nouns plural Form adverbs Use a wider range of adjectives Busznecmeén B Mockse A businessman in Moscow (Audio 1.14) Peter Green is settling into his work as a computer programmer in Moscow. He realises that to do business there he needs to improve his Russian, and so is listening to the radio and reading Russian newspapers and magazines online. Ntep Fpun pabdraer B JOHAOHe. Oupma, roe oH pabdraer, MenaeT KoMNbIOTeEpHbIE nporpammel, u Muvtep - oTnM4HbI cneynanncr. Hocenuac Mutep B Mockse, NOTOMY 4TO 3QeCb MOKHO AenaTb SisHec. MuTep nonumae;r, 4TO AénaTb 6ushec B Mocksé TpyqHo. Bot novemy oH u3y4aeT pYccknit A3bIK. «B MockBé HAO roBOpuTb No-pycckn», ~AyMaeT OH. KOHEYHO, HAO MHOrO pa6OTaTb, YNTATb pycckue raséTbl WxXypHanbI B MHTepHeTe, CnywiaT’ paano. Kaxpoe yTpo Mutep cnywaer pycckoe paao u KAKabIN BeYep CMéTpHT pyccKui TeneBusop. OH y>Ke HEMHGrO NOHUMAET M ToBophT no-pycckn. OH 4dcTo 4UTAeT B MHTepHeTe M06MMbIN KypHan «HayKa W >KU3Hb». KypHan «Hayka 1 KU3Hb» M razéTa «HdBOCTM» d4eHb NonynaApHble.1. Where does Peter normally work? 2. What does Peter’s firm make? 3. What is Peter’s favourite magazine? Cnosapb / Vocabulai BOT noyemy that iswhy MOHMMaTb I to understand raséta newspaper (noHMMal|to, -ewb) roBopiéTb I to speak, say (ropop]|to,-wue) nonynspH||bii,-as, -0e, -ble popular Aenatb I 6U3HeC to do business noTOMy 4TO because (génallio, -eub) pa6otatb I to work ayMat I to think (pa6oral|to,-ewb) (aymallio, -ewb) 3gecb here enywartb I to listen 3HaTb I to know paano (n indecl) to radio (3Hal|t0, -ew) (cnywallto,-ewe) w3yyatb I to study (usyyallio, ewe) cMorpéTe II to watch Kaxkabin Be4ep every evening TeneBu3z0p television specialist (cmorp||to, -nwb) kaKgoe YTpO every morning cneywanuct KOMNMbIOTepHaA computer cenyac now nporpamma — programme —TpyaHo it is difficult no6um||bI1, favourite -an, -08, -bie Tpyan|leii, difficult -af, -08, -bie MHOoro alot ye already MOXxKHO itis possible cbapma firm, company HagoO. it isnecessary 4acTo often HemHOro, alittle aurate I to read HOBOCTb (f) news (untallio, -ewb) oTnM4n| |b, excellent 4TO what, that ani, -0e, -ble ASbIK language QUESTION WORDS KTO - who? 4To - what? rae - where? Kak - how? noyemy - why? kak6ii, KaKan, kakée, Kakiie - what kind of? which?Bonpoctic Questions First, based on the text above: 1. [ge Nutep pa6oraer B Mocksé? 2. UTO OH u3y4aeT? 3. Mlouemy oH uay4aer pyccKuin ASbIK? 4, Kak oH nay4aeT PyCCKM ABIK? And now about yourself: 1. Movemy abi nayuaeTe pyccKuin AsbIK? 2. Kak Bbi Nay4aeTe PYCCKN ASKIK? 3. Bol unTaeTe pycckve ra3éTbl (KypHanbi)? 4. Kako Baw MO6MMBIA pyccKniA (aHrniaicKni’) KypHan? 5. Bb cMOTpuTe pyccKnii (aHrnuiicKuis) TeneBusop? 6. Kakaa Bawa mo6umaa pycckaa (axrnniickaa) nporpamma?: 7. Kak HOBOCTM BbI CMOTpUTe (pycckne, aHrnicKne)? anor 1/Dialogue 1 ‘A nporpammnucr | am a computer programmer (Audio 1.15) Peter gets into conversation with a Russian who asks him questions about his job. Pycckwi: UsBuuite, BbI axrniiicKnin 6usHecMeH? A Kakaa Bala CneyManbHOCTb? Mirtep: A nporpammicr. Pyccknii: A uto Aénaet nporpamoinct? Mntep: A génaio komnbtoTepHbie nporpammpl. Pyccckui: Sto TpyaHan paGota? Nutep: Tpyauaa, Ho O4eHb MHTepécHaa. Pyccxwii: A roe Bawa cbipma? Mutep: Haw rnasybii ocbuic B JIOHAOHe, a B Mocksé Ha Ap6aTe Haw cbunuan. Cnosapb / Vocabulai Vseunure! Excuse me! Haw, Héwa, Héwe, HéWM our nporpammuct computer programmer rndBHbIn Ocpuc main office cneunénbxocte (f) specialism cpunuan branch anor 2 / Dialogue 2‘A ropopto no-pyccku I speak Russian (Audio 1.16) A fellow guest in the hotel is surprised to see Peter watching Russian television. Peter explains that it’s excellent practice if you are studying Russian. - O6ppii Bévep! - [O6ppiit Bévep! - UTo Bbi Aénaete? - A cmotpio Tenesnsop. - BbI sHaeTe pyCCKM ASBIK? - A HeMHOro roBopio no-pycckn. - VintepécHo cmoTpétb Tenesisop? - CMOTPETb MHTePeCHO, HO NOHMMATb TpyAHO! PyccKne roBopsT O4eHb 6eicTpo! - A kaka 3To nporpamma? - Sto HOBocTH. - Pycckne HOBocTH? VTepécHo CMOTpéTb HOBOCTH? - fla, O4eHb nHTepécuo. V, 3HaeTe, STO - oTNM4HaA NPaKTUKa. Cnosapb / Vocabulary Béyep! Good evening! oTnu4uHan excellent quickly npakrnka practice [HAUMOHANIBHOCTU NATIONALITIES jJaMepuKéHeu,, aMepuKAHKa American (man, woman) laHrnM4dHMH, aHrnM4aHKa English (man, woman) lwoTnaHAeu, woTndHaKa Scottish (man, woman) |6puTaneu, GputanKa British (man, woman) IMTanbaAHeU, ATaNbAHKa Italian (man, woman) IkuTéey, KnTaAHKa Chinese (man, woman) Inonak, nonauKa Polish (man, woman) IMcndHeu, ucndHKa Spanish (man, woman) JHémeu, HémKa German (man, woman) pyeckni, pycckan Russian (man, woman) cbpanuys, cppanuypKenka French (man, woman) YnpaxHeéune 1 / Exercise 1 Complete the sentences by specifying the person's nationality. For example: Dpkon ropopmit no-aHrnuiicku, NOTOMY 4TO OH aHTNM4yaHHH.. M3pu ropopnt no-aHrniniicKn, NOTOMY 4TO OHA. ... . Visa ropopint no-pycckn, NOTOMY HTO OH.. . Ta TOBOPMT NO-pyCCKM, NOTOMY 4TO OHA. . Mapa roopiit no-mcnaHcKn, NoTOMy 4TO OH: . Xocé ropopuiT No-McnaHCKN, NOTOMY UTO OH... . X@nbMyT FOBOPIIT NO-HEMELIKU, NOTOMY UTO OH. |. XAHHa TOBOPIIT O-HEMELIKM, NOTOMY 4TO OHA. . Kal ropopint no-cbpaHuy3ckn, NOTOMY 4TO Oo! ). CAMOHa FOBOpMIT NO-cppaHUy3cK, NOTOMY UTO OHA... weeryauneenn Learn to speak languages ebpanuy3cKni A3biK (French), AcnaHcKun A3BIK (Spanish), HEMeU-KMM A3BIK (German) TOBOpUTb No-pyccku to speak (in) Russian no-aHrniicKn (in) English No-cbpanuy3cKn (in) French no-ncnaHcKn (in) Spanish No-Heméukn (in) German YnpaxkHeune 2 / Exercise 2 Complete the sentences. For example: Miwa pycckui cryeuT. OH 3HaeT pyccKni ASbIK M rOBOpHT No- pyccku. 1. M8pu aurnitiickan ctynéHTKa. Ona. 2. Anna cbpanuysckaa cTyéHTka. Ona... 3. PénbmyT HeEmeyKnit MEDKeEHEp. OH.. 4, Tana u Veau pycckne cryféHTbl. OHn.... 5. Mapa ucnanckaa Typictka. Ova 6. Mbi anrniickne 6usHecMeéHtl. MbI [pammatnka / Grammar Personal pronouns The personal pronouns in Russian are as follows:Te! you (familiar singular) oH = he (male people and animals) it (masculine inanimate nouns) od she _ (female people and animals) it (feminine inanimate nouns) OHS it (neuter nouns only) MbI we BbI you _ (polite singular and familiar/polite plural) oum they (all genders, animate and inanimate) Note the two forms of ‘you’. TI is only used when talking to one person with whom. you are on informal terms, the equivalent of ‘tu’ in French. Bbt is used both for the plural and when talking to one person with whom you are on polite terms. Even when addressing one person, verbs used with bt are always plural. Spelling rule It isa rule of spelling in Russian that the letter b1 may never follow the letters r, K, x, K, 4, W, Uy. Instead the letter uw is written. Plural of nouns The usual nominative plural ending for masculine nouns ending in a consonant and feminine nouns ending in -a is -bI. If, however, that consonant or the letter preceding the -a is r, K, x, K, 4, Wi or uy then the ending will be-w: kypHan - >kypHanbi and ra3éta - ra3éTbl, but ASEIK - A3bIKM and TypicTKa - TypAcTKN . This is because of the spelling rule. Nouns ending in -b also have their plural in -4; HOBoCT - HOBOCTH. Indeclinable nouns Some nouns, usually of foreign origin, never change their endings, even for the plural, and are indicated by the word ‘indeclinable’ in the dictionary, e.g. pagvo - ‘radio’; MeTpO - ‘metro’; KMHO - ‘cinema’; Kacpé - ‘café’; Taken - ‘taxi’; BAeO - video. YnpaxxHéune 3 / Exercise 3 (Audio 1.17) Answer the questions using the words in brackets and replacing the nouns with personal pronouns.For example: Tae Mutep [pun? (Mockea) On B Mockeé. Tae ctynéxtka? (yHnpepcurét) Tae typucr? (roctiHuya) Tae roctiHnua? (ueHTp) Tae HOBocTv? (MHTepHeT) Tae ctynéxTbl? (camonét) Tae cbipma? (Noxon) Tae yHupepcurér? (Netep6ypr) Tae kaché? (metpo) exo eere Present tense of verbs Russian verbs follow two main patterns. These are known as the 1st and 2nd conjugations. 1st conjugation (I) Many 1st conjugation verbs have an infinitive ending in -aTb, e.g. pa6OTaTb ‘to work’. To form the present tense, remove the -Tb and add the following endings: A pa6éTa-1o MbI pa6éta-em ‘TbI pa6éTa-ewb BbI pa6éta-ete oH/oHd/OH6 pa6éta-eT OHM = pa6dTa-1oT There is only one present tense in Russian, so A pa6Otaw is used to translate both ‘I work’ and ‘Iam working’. 2nd conjugation (II) 2nd conjugation verbs often have infinitives ending in -WTb or -€Tb, e.g. FOBOPUTb ‘to speak, say’; CMOTPETb ‘to look at, watch’. To form the present tense, remove the last three letters from the infinitive and add the following endings: a TOBOp- 10 Mb rOBOp-1M Tb roBop-vub BbI roBop-ute on/oHna/0HO ToBop-wT OHA roBop-AT YnpaxHéune 4 / Exercise 4Rewrite the text, changing the verbs in bold from the ou form first to # and then to MbI. On paGoraer B SléHp0He. dipma, re OH paGOraer, AénaeT komnbtoTepbI, HO Tenépb OH B Mockeé. Tam OH Aenaer 6u3Hec. Bot TlO“eMY OH M3y4aeT PYCCKMI ABEIK. OH CNYWAeT Paguo, CMOTPUT pyccknit Tenesusop. OH yk HeMHOrO NOHMMAeT M roBOpMT no- pycckn. Uacto oH 4MTaeT pycckue ra3éTbI M >KyPHaNbI B MHTEpHETe. Adjectives Adjectives where the last letter before the ending is r, K, x, K, 4, li or uy have the masculine ending -ii and the plural ending -ve: MockOBckni yHuBepcuTeT ‘Moscow University’; ‘MockOBcKne HOBOCTH’ ‘Moscow News’. This is because of the spelling rule. Most other adjectives have the masculine ending -biit and the plural ending -ble: KakQbIn Be4ep ‘each evening’; AHTepecHbIe HOBOCTH ‘interesting news’. The feminine ending -aa and the neuter ending -oe are not affected by this spelling rule: pyeckancty@éHTka ‘a Russian woman student’; pyeckoe kacpé ‘Russian café’, The same plural endings agree with all genders: aHrndiickue TypitcTes ‘English tourists’; aHrnMucKMe TYPHCTKH ‘English women tourists’. Adjectives which are stressed on the ending have the masculine ending -6 KakOi TeneBn3zop ‘which television’. The feminine, neuter and plural endings follow the pattern already encountered with pyecknii and anrniiicknn: Kaka nporpamma ‘which programme’; kakOe Kacpé ‘which café’; kakite HOBOCTH ‘which news’. Used together with another adjective, kaKOu can also mean ‘such, what a’: KakaAn WHTepécHan Nporpamna ‘what an interesting programme’. YnpakHéune 5 / Exercise 5 Complete the sentence using the correct form of the adjective. For example: CryqéHT pycckni m cTyméHrka.. Crygént pyccKnii u ctynéHTka pycckan. 1, PaséTa wHTepécHaa MM KypHan.... 2. Oipma nonynspvaa u KoMnbiOTeptl.... 3. TypuicTka aHrniicKaa MM TYpHcT. 4, BU3HECMEH OTNMUHBI MW MHDKEHEP.... 5. VTepHeT pyccKnii u paano.... 6. 7. 8. . Tenecbou Bal v ynnya.... . Oupma moa un Ocpuc... . KomnibroTep Moi v1 BUZeO....9, Taséta Bawa vu KypHantl.... YnpaxHéune 6 / Exercise 6 Insert the right question word «kakOi», «kakaA», «KaKOe», «Kaknen. . BaLU NOGMMBIA KypHaN? ABbIKM BbI 3HaeTe? .. Bawa M06maa nporpamma? pagno sbi cnywaete? HOBOCTM BbI CMOTpUTe? yeep YnparkHenne 7 / Exercise 7 (a) Answer the questions using the adjective wHTepecHbI. For example: Kaka 3to nporpamma? Sto uHTepécuan nporpamma. (Note that 3to ‘this is’, ‘these are’ does not change.) 1. KakOii 3To TenecboH? 2. Kae 3T0 HOBOCTH? 3. Kakaa 3T0 raséta? 4. Kaxe 3T0 kypHanbi? 5. Kakoe Sto Bige0? (b) Now use the adjective oTnW4HBIM, For example: Kaxii 8v0 ctyaénr? 3ro otninuneii cryaeHT. 1, Kakoe Sto MeTpo? 2. Kakaa 3To cpvpma? 3. Kaxne Sto komnbioTepbi? 4. Kakoii 3T0 6usHecMeH? Adverbs To form an adverb from a Russian adjective, remove the adjective ending and (usually) add -o: 6bicTpBI - GEICTpO ‘quickly’; oTNWYHEIM - OTNNYHO. ‘excellently’. This is the same form used to translate ‘It is excellent’. YnparkHenne 8 / Exercise 8Insert the right adjective or adverb. For example: (OTNMYHbIA-OTNMYHO) OH OTNMYHBIN CneynanncT. OH otni4Ho roBopiT no-pyccKn. 1. Mapiua ... paGoraer. Oxa ... cTyaeHTKa. (xopOWuM, xopoLO) 2, Mporpammict - ... cneuvanbHoctb. Pabdtatb B Mocksé...(MHTe-pecHbIli, vHTepécHo) 3. MeTpo ... TpakcnopT. Mapmua ... ropopuT no-pycckn. (6bicTpbIN, 6bICTpO) 4, ... Qenat’ 6i3zHec B Mocksé. Pycckan rpamMarua ... (TpyAHbIM, TPyAHO). Mo>xkxo, Hago, Henb3A Moxuo ‘it is possible, one may’, Hag ‘it is necessary, one must’ are impersonal expressions used with an infinitive: MoxKHO AénaTb 6u3HeC ‘It is possible to (one may) do business’; Hago FoBopiTb no- pyceKn ‘It is necessary to (one must) speak Russian’. The opposite of MOKHO is HeNb3A: HeNb3A CMOTPeTb STO BiWEO ‘you may not watch this video’. Accusative case Ina Russian sentence, the direct object of a verb goes into the accusative case. In the following example, xypHan is the object of the verb uutatb and is in the accusative case: OH 4uTaeT xKypHan. ‘He reads a magazine’. There is no difference between the nominative and accusative singular forms of okypHan. This is also true of many nouns in the plural: ®apma qenaet komnbioTepht ‘The firm makes computers’. Here komnbtoTepht is in the accusative plural although the form is the same as the nominative plural. You may notice other examples of the accusative case in the texts and exercises for this unit. However, only words like »xypHan, whose accusative form is the same as their nominative, have been used in the accusative. There is a full explanation of the accusative case in the next unit. Ho anda Ho and acan both translate the word ‘but’. Ho emphasises contrast, whereas a is closer to ‘and’: Natep axrnuyannn, Ho ceiyac oH B Mocksé. ‘Peter is an Englishman, but now he is in Moscow’. Tirrep urxenép, a Mapitia cryaéHka,‘Peter is an engineer, and Marina is a student’. INIT eLe)=VZkteIN Lema tere lwen a hele Corel Meeting new people and introducing yourself (Audio 1.18) - 3apascteyiite. Bol ropopuite no-pyccku? ~ Reply that you are English but do speak Russian. Say that you are a student in Moscow at the university, studying the Russian language. Ask whether he/she is a student. - Het, © He CTye@HT(ka). - Ask whether he/she is a businessman/woman and where does he/she work. - la, a 6usHecmeéHn. A paGOrato anc, B Mocksé. = Do you speak English? - A HemHOro NoHMMalO No-aHricKn. ~ Ask how does he/she study English. - Kakgpii Béyep A cnywato aHrnuiickoe paguo. Bbi cnywaete pycckoe pagno? ~ Reply that you listen to Russian radio every morning, and every evening you watch Russian television. - Kakaa Bawa nio6umaa nporpamma? - Reply that your favourite programme is the news. It is very interesting and good practice, but Russians speak very quickly and it is difficult to understand. ~ Boi untaete pycckne raséTbi u KypHanbI? ~ Reply that you often read Russian newspapers and magazines and that your favourite newspaper is the Moscow News. Ask whether it is a popular newspaper. - la, Sto O4eHb NonynapHas raséta. Nepesog / Translation It is not difficult to study Russian. It is necessary to work a lot. I speak English and Russian. It is not difficult to speak English. Russian television is very interesting. Now I watch Russian news and videos on the internet (8 MHTepHEéTe) every evening. One can listen to Russian radio every morning. I understand Russian a little, but it is difficult to speak in Russian. The Russian language is not very interesting.Unit Three B roctuHuye At the hotel DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562-5 Ask the way Find out about hotel services and facilities Use the accusative case Use a wider range of possessives and adjectives Use numbers 1-30 B roctunnye At the Hotel (Audio 1.19) Peter’s hotel is in an old building in one of the narrow lanes off Tverskaya Street. The company where he works is not far away in Arbat (another popular central area of Moscow). Peter likes staying in this small simple hotel. It is convenient for shops, theatres, restaurants and the metro. Toctnunua, roe xuBéT Mntep, - HeSonbuude cTapoe anaHne. PAagom - TaepcKaa ynuya. Ovpma, re paGoraer Murep, He OueHb AaneKO, Ha Ap6ate. Vi Mitep yore aHaeT Qopory TyAa. Xopowid waTH Ha paGory newKom! MuTep - xopowmin cpororpad, cpotorpacpna - erd x066u. Ero cboroannapar scerga B cyMKe. Tutep yké sHaer, 4TO 3TO yAO6Haa rocTHHuya, BCé pAgom: Kacbe, pecTopaHbl, Mara3viHbl, MeTpO, TeaTpbI. Ho, Kak BCeraa, ECTb npo6neémbI. Bor, HanpuMeép, B ero KOMHaTe 1Indxo paGOTaeT MHTepHET. KémHaTa xopdwaa, Sonbwas uu cBéTNaA. OKHO B KOMHaTe Gombude. Ho Ha cToné He paGoraer namna. V\ kak Tora paGoraTe, kak nucatb? Nutep mHOro nuwer, MHOro YuTaeT. Vinu, HanpuMep, BaHHas. OTNM4HaA BaHHaa: ECTb AYU, BaHHa, HO He pabdoraerT KpaH. UTo peénaTb? Kak pewatb npo6némb! B Mocksé, Mintep eusé He 3Haer.1. How does Peter get to work? 2, What is his hobby? 3. Where does he keep his camera? 4. What kind of room does Peter have? 5. What problems does Peter have? Cnosap! Ap6at Sonbuiéit B (+ acc) BaHHa Bcé Aopéra tyA4 ayuw KUT GKBY, »*«MBéWUb) eré, e6; ux ect ews 3naune wath Ha pa6dty newkém (ually, -éub) ann katpé (n indecl) kak Bcerga KéMHaTa Kpaw namna Arbat (area in mara3nH Moscow) Ha (+ acc) (+ prep) big to, into Hanpumép bath; -1 - Hemanekd bathroom OKH6 everything nucate I (nnwy, niweub) road there shower nnéxo. to live pectopaH pewatb I his, her; their paqom there is, there cBétnbii are crappiit yet, still;~He cTon not yet cymka building Torna to go to work on foot yaé6upii or qpotoannapat café cotérpac: as always room %x666u (n indecl) tap Uto aénate? lamp shop to, into; onto; on, at, in for example not far window to write badly restaurant to solve near, nearby light old table bag then convenient, comfortable camera photographer; -na photography; photograph hobby What is to be done?Tne MOxkHo 3aBTpakaTb? Where can one have breakfast? (Audio 1.20) Peter is searching for a place where he can have breakfast. He asks the concierge. He also takes the opportunity to mention the problems in his room. Nntep: Ckaxiite, nokanylicta, re 30€Cb MOxKHO 3aBTpaKkaTb? Dexypraa: 3antpakatb? Moxto B 6ycbére. Tam Bcera ecTb Yai, KOcpe, COK, 6ytep6poabi. Nutep: A rae 6ycbét? exypxHas: Tam, Hanpaso, nocnéquaa ABepb B Kopupope. Narep: Bonbuide cnach6o! Visennitte! Bei sHdeTe, ects npo6néma. Dexypxaa: Ma, a cnywato, B 4ém nén0? Mutep: B Homepe He pa6OTaioT MHTepHET M1 Kpal, Mana Ha CTONe TOKE He pa6oraer. Dexypxaa: Vntepxér, kpa, nana He pa6draior? Sto He npo6néma! B roctHHMye ecTb mactep. Kakoii Bau HOMep? Mirep: Mott Homep cro nat. Qerkypraa: Xopowo! Homep cro nate, He paGoraioT MHTepHET, KpaH, amma. A BOT yké mactep 3necb! 1. Where can you have breakfast in this hotel? 2. What is served there for breakfast? 3. How does the concierge react to Peter’s problems? 4, What is the number of Peter’s room? onrol-t-]os 6ytep6pon sandwich 3aBTpakatTb I to have breakfast 6ychér snack bar 3mecb here ABepp (f) door kKopugop corridor, hallway BexypHan concierge Kotbe coffee weno business, matter (m indecl) mactep workman nocnégn || ni, last HanpaBo to/on the right -AA, -ee HOoMep room (in hotel) coK juice ~ CTO NATE number 105 ToKe also, too B uém peno? What's the matter? Cxaxute, Tell me please! Could you tell me .. noxkanyicta! Bonbuide cnacn6o! Thank you very much!Noxanyiicta! You’re welcome; don’t mention it - the customary response to cnach6o Tpammatnka Present tense of verbs 1st conjugation Nucate ‘to write” A nvuw-y MbI nvw-em Tel niw-ewb BbI niaw-ete oH/oHa/OHS nvw-eT onn naw-yT Note that, although the present tense of this verb is not formed in the regular way from the infinitive, it does have regular 1st conjugation endings. The endings -y (first person singular) and -yt (third person plural) occur regularly after a consonant. Mati ‘to go’ A wa-y MbI wp-6M TbI wo-éub BbI 0H/oHa/OHO wp-éT oH wa-yT 2KuTb ‘to live’ A *«MB-Y MbI Tel KB: BbI 2«MB-éTe on/oHa/OHO *«MB-6T onn *KMB-YT Because the endings on these verbs are stressed, & has replaced e. Ynpa>kHeuue 1 Agree with the statement by saying that you do it too. 1. Mtep »«uBét B Mocksé. A TOKe. ... 2. OH pa6oraerT B cbupme. A TOxKe. 3. Miatep mHOro nuwer un uuTaer. A TOKE MHOrO 4, OH Bcerga saBtpakaer B Kathe. A TOxe. ... 5. Mntep ugét Ha pa6oTy newkom. A Toe. ...Tne Ap6ar? Where’s Arbat? (Audio 1.21) When Peter first arrived in Moscow, his mobile phone was not working and he wasn’t sure of the way to his office from the hotel. Asking people the way was a good opportunity to practise his Russian. Marep: Boi He 3Hdere, rae Ap6at? NpoxOxnit: Kako Ap6ar? Hospi anu Crappiit? Nutep: Crappii Ap6ar. Npoxox«nii: Capit Ap6ar. 3Hat0. A KuBy Tam. A kya BbI MnéTe? Nutep: A nay Ha pa6ory. Mpoxéxnii: A re Bb pa6sraere? Nutep: A paGétaio B cbipme «Nporpéce». Npoxoxnii: ipma «Mporpéce»? Sto Heplanexo: uguTe npAMo u Hanpaso. Nutep: Bonbuide cnacii6o! Npoxdknit: Noxanyiicral Cnosapb Npoxoxnn passerby Vante Go straight npamo! on! Cxaxute, Tell me please! Could you tell HOBBIM new noxkanyicta! me...? Kpacnan nnowage n Uctopayecknii my3eiCounting in Russian (Audio 1.22) Cardinal numbers 1-30 one oan thirteen Tpnvaquatb two. asa fourteen 4eTEIPHagUaTb three tpn fifteen naTHaguate four YeTbIpe sixteen wecrHaquaTb five NATE seventeen cemHaquaTe six wecTb eighteen BoceMHaquaTb seven C@Mb nineteen AeBATHaqUAaTS eight BoceMb twenty aABaquaTb nine aéBaTb twenty-one ABaquaTb OANH ten AecaTb twenty-two ABaguaTe ABA eleven OAMHHagUaTb twenty-three ABaquaTb Tp twelve gqBeHaquaTb thirty TpwqAuaTb Gender of nouns Nouns ending in -# are masculine: my3éu, 4a. Nouns ending in -e are neuter: 3maune, Kae. (Except kOcpe, which is masculine.) Spelling rule In Russian, an unstressed letter o may never follow the letters x, 4, W, UA, U. It is replaced by e. This spelling rule affects the neuter ending of some adjectives - see below. Adjectives Adjectives like TANM4HBIN are called ‘hard’ adjectives. Another, much smaller group of adjectives is described as soft. Note the difference in the endings: Masculine Feminine ‘Neuter Plural Hard TWNW4HBI Tunw4Haa Tunw4Hoe TMNM4HBIE Soft nocnégunia nocnéguaa nocnéguee nocnégHne Some adjectives have a mixture of hard and soft endings resulting from the influence of the spelling rules and of stress:Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural pycckni pycckan pycckoe pycckue 6onbwon 6onbwiaa 6onbuide Sonbune kaon kakan kaKoe kakne xopowmint xopowan xopowee xopowme The words BaHHaa ‘bathroom’ and gexypHaa ‘concierge’, although they translate words that are nouns in English, are feminine adjectives in Russian. Thus their plural forms are BaHHbIe and peKypHble. YnparkHeHne 2 Put the adjectives into the correct form to agree with the nouns. 1, (6onbWOA) NapK, NpoGNéma, OKHO, CTONEI 2. (nocnégHui) ABepb, 3naHue, Mara3iH, HOBOCTH 3. (yAO6HbI) KOMHaTa, pecTopah, Kacpé, namnbi 4, (XopOwi’) pagno, rocTMHnua, MacTep, cTyAéHTbI 5. (ncTopiueckni) nndwanb, MeTpo, My3éi1, ynnub! 6. (nonynapHbiit) xO66u, *KypHan, raséTa, pectopaHb! YnparkHeHne 3 Ask a question using the correct form of kakOi. Then answer it using the adjective in brackets. For example: Toctiunya (orniuneii). Kakan Sto rocTMHnya? ‘Sto oTni4nan roctTiHnya. 1. Gap, Kacbé, HOBocTH (oTAMYHBII) 2. oTorpacpua, Tenecou, MeTpO, KOMHaTBI (nnoxdi) 3. BaHHaa, pectopan, 3gaHve, camonétel (xopoumil) 4. KOMHaTA, NapK, OKHO, FOCTAHMUbI (yQO6HbIM) 5, aBTOByC, Mauna, Kacpé, raséTbI (HOBbIM) Kya? Where? Ty There Croma Here Kyaa is used to translate ‘where’ when it means ‘where to’: kya BbI MAéTe? ‘where are you going?’ Contrast: rae 6ap? ‘where is the bar?’ Similarly there are two words for ‘there’: Tam and Tyga and two words for ‘here’: 3gecb and ctoa. Tyma is used in the sense of ‘(to) there’ and ctoga in the sense of ‘(to) here’: a way TyAa ‘I amgoing there’; Mutep uaér coma ‘Peter is coming here’. Contrast: 6ydpéT Tam ‘The snack bar is there’; pecTopaH 3qecb ‘The restaurant is here’. Kya Bei nnéte? “Where are you going?” IA way coma (tryna). ‘lam going here (there)’. lbut Tae Bei? ‘Where are you?’ |A 3qeCb (Tam). ‘Lam here (there)’. YnpakHeHne 4 Choose the appropriate word. 1. A may ..., noTOMY 4TO Kacpé.... (Tam - TyAa) 2. OH ugar ..., ROTOMY 4TO BaHHaA.... (3f1eCb - crona) 3... OH UDET? ... OH pabOTaeT? (rae - Kya) Accusative case Ina Russian sentence, the direct object of the verb goes into the accusative case. This is often identical with the nominative case. For example, neuter nouns, inanimate masculine nouns and feminine nouns ending in -b do not change their endings in the accusative: yTpo - yTpo; 3qaHue - 3naHNe; aBTOGyc - aBTObyc; nnouwayb - nndwanb. Feminine nouns ending in -a change that ending in the accusative singular to -y. Those ending in -# change the ending to -10: opora - Aopory; chamianua - chamiannio On ander aopory. He knows the way. Accusative case after prepositions The accusative case is used after the prepositions B ‘to, into’; Ha ‘to, on to’: A uay B 6ychér. On nar Ha pa6éry. ‘Lam going to the snack bar’. ‘He goes to work’. Note the difference in use between B followed by the accusative, as here, and B followed by the prepositional case, as explained in Unit 1: OOH B 6ape ‘he is in the bar’; oHa HgéT B Gap ‘she is going to the bar’. In the first example, B is translated to ‘in’ or ‘inside’ and indicates location, and in the second, it is translated as ‘to’ or ‘into’ and indicates motion. Similarly, the preposition Ha is used with either the prepositional or the accusative case, depending on whether you want to convey the idea of location or motion:On na pa6éte. On upér Ha paGorty. ‘He is at work’, ‘He is going to work’. Generally Ha is used to translate ‘to’ or ‘at’ before a noun indicating an activity or event and B before nouns indicating buildings or parts of buildings. There are some exceptions to this general rule: Oud maét na néuty. Oné4 Ha néuTe. ‘She is going to the post office’. ‘She is at the post office’. YnparkHeHne 5 Answer the questions using the words in brackets. For example: Tae tenépt Mutep? (pa6ora, my3en) Mutep na pa6ore. Tutep B my3ée. 1. [ge tenépb Mutep? (yHuBepeutér, kacpé, nouta, pectopak) 2. Tae MOxKHO 3aBTpaKaTb? (kacbé, Gap, rocTMHila, KOMHaTa) 3. Kya uaét Mintep? (Gap, Komnata, kny6, pa6dra, 6u6nvoTéka, meTpO, nouta) Possessive adjectives Erd (pronounced ‘ye-v6") ‘his, its’, e8 (ye-y6) ‘her’ and ux ‘their’ do not alter according to the gender of the noun they describe. In this respect, they are like English possessive adjectives and unlike the Russian possessives MOM and Bau (see Unit 1): eré Tenedpou ‘his phone’; er6 KOMHaTa ‘his room’; Moi Tenedbou ‘my phone’; Mos KOMHaTa ‘my room’; eé cTon ‘her table’; eé cbamunua ‘her surname’; Bau! cTon ‘your table’; Bawa chamianua ‘your surname’; Mx Tenecbou ‘their phone’; wx KomMHaTa ‘their room’. Haw ‘our’ and TBo# ‘your’ (corresponding to the singular, familiar form of ‘you’, Tb!) change their endings in the same way as Bal and MOH: Hall TenecpoH ‘our phone’; Hawa KOmHaTa ‘our room’; Hawe 3faHHe ‘our building’; Tow TenecboH ‘your phone’; TBoA KOMHaTa ‘your room’; TBO 3qaHMe ‘your building’. The plurals of Moii, TBOM, Hawi and Baw are the same whatever the gender of noun they are used with. They are MoM, TBOM, Haw, Baw: HalWM TeneBusopE! ‘our televisions’; Haw KOMHaTBI ‘our rooms’; MOM TenedbOHbI ‘my phones’; MoM KOMHaTBI ‘my rooms’. YnparkHeHne 6Put the possessive adjectives into the correct form to agree with the nouns. 1. (Moi) OTéu, MaTb, OKHO, *KYPHANbI 2. (80%) cbamnnua, appec, Takcn, HOBOCTK 3. (Haw) rocTMHnua, 6UsHeC, MeTpO, Mara3iHbl 4. (Baw) cbupma, 3qaHve, MHTepHET, TenedoHbl 5. (erd) npo6néma, Aeno, cTon, npoekTe! 6. (e8) Komnata, kacbé, anpec, nnaHbl 7. (ux) KomnbioTep, x066n, cbupma, cbotoannaparel Ectb Ectb is used to mean ‘there is, there are’. It is followed by the nominative case: Ectb npo6nema. B roctmHnue ectb Gap. ‘There is a problem’. ‘There is a bar in the hotel’. VUmnposu3ayva Giving and asking directions. (Audio 1.23) Ha ynuye - Ckaxkiite, noKanylicTa, re rocThHuya «HaunoHanb»? - Respond that the Hotel National is over there, where the metro is. Go straight and then to the left. ~ Abi He 3HaeTe, re Ap6at? ~ Arbat? Yes, I do know. I live there. Go straight, then to the right. - Bonbuide cnacn6o! - You're welcome! B roctannye ~ Excuse me, is there a bar in the hotel? ~ la, ectb O4eHb xopowmia Gap. - Ask whether you can get breakfast there. - fla, MOxHo. Boerna ectb yal, Kocbe u ByTep6poAbl. ~ And where is the bar? - Tam, HanéBo, nocnéqHaa ABepb B KOpugope. - Thank you! - Moxanyicta!arch - Every morning I go to work on foot. ~ I know the way there well. - My favourite route is through (4épes) the park. - I work in a hotel right in the centre. - It is very interesting to work there. - The building is big, and there is everything in the hotel: shops, restaurants and bars. - Ihave my breakfast at the bar. - There are always sandwiches, tea and coffee. - The room where I work is very comfortable. ~ There is a big window and a balcony. There is a park nearby.Unit Four Tunw4Hbii neHb A typical day DOI: 10.4324/9781003359562-6 Order a meal Use the genitive case Use short adjectives Describe your day Use ordinal numerals 1-30 Mapina - ctygéHtka MIY Marina is a Moscow University student (Audio 1.24) Marina lives in the university dormitory which is quite a long way from the centre of Moscow where her department is located. Therefore, she has to get up quite early to be in time for her lectures. Yoxé Be HeAenu Mapnna crygéHTka yHuBepenrtera. Eé geHb - TANMYHbIAeHb ctynéHta MIY. Ho Mapiua >KvBét 8 O6WWexHTHN, AaNeKO OT YeHTpa, a e& cbakynbTéT B YeHTpe ropoga. Sto sHaunT, YTO Hao paHo BcTaBaTb. Mapiina BcTaéT paHo, NPUHUMaeT AYW, 3aBTpaKkaeT. OBEINHO OHA MANO ECT YTPOM, Ha 3aBTpak TOnbKO NbéT YaWIKy nv ABE YaUKH 4aA Ges MonoKa ui caxapa. lo o6éna y Mapnuti Tp néxym, v norom o66q. Mapua o6épaer B kacbé, HegameKo oT yHueepentéta. Ho uacTo Tam anmHHaa Ouepesb. CTOATb B OuepenM He O4eHb NpuatHo. Torga ova upeér B 6ycbér: Tam Bcerga npogaioT 6yTep6pogb! unn nupoxkn. MapitHa nokynder 6 6ycbéTe aBa 6yTepOpoga Minn nupoxKKa, NbET OAH cTakaH cOka Wnu Monoxa. Tenépb ona roToBa pa6OTaTb Ao BéYepa. Mocne o6éna y Mapmnti ewyé ogna néxuna, u noTom ona cBo60pHa. Ho 3T0 He 3Ha4MT, YTO MOKHOOTAbIXaTb, Tenépb HaQo pabdTaTb B 6uGnnoTéKe. MapitHa niet pecbepar. Pa6orbI y Heé MHOro. TonbKO BeYepoM Nocne ;KUHA OHA OTAbIXaeT, CMOTPUT BUQeO B MHTepHeTe, cnywaeT My3biKy. Hora, Kora y Mapitbl HeT pa6oTel, Ha wgér B KMHO, B Kny6, B TeaTp MMM Ha KOHUEpT. . Uo Mapia nenaet yrpom? . UTo Mapua ect Ha 3aBTpak? A To nbéT? . [ae MapitHa o6éfaeT? |. Korga Mapina wet B 6ycber? . UT nvweT Mapa nocne o6éga? Vi rae? . Korga Mapa cBo60gHa? 1 2. 3 4 5. ¥Y Mapiubi ectb néxunn. CKonbKo ux 40 066? A ndocne o6éna? 6. 7. 8. . UTo ménaet Mapiua 8 cBobogHoe Bpéma nocne Yuva? Cnosa| Béyepom BcTaBaTb I paHo (BcTal|1o, -éu) ronéaHbIin répon, roTéBbin Aen (m) Anwunan dyepenp (f/) ecTb (em, eb, ecT, eauM, eaite, east) 34BTpak SHa4UT wHorna KH (n indecl) npnaTHo NpogaBate | (npoga || 10, -éw) in the koraa evening togetup KOHUépT early néxyna mano hungry monoké. town Henéna ready 06én, o6énarTb I day long queue o6wexnTHe o6EINHO to eat OTAbIXATb I nupoxdK breakfast nwtb I (nbWo, nbéwb) it means sometimes nokynatb I cinema pumas | (ay, BaHHy) it’s cToAtb IB pleasant to sell é4epeqn Spann, Spknnate 1 when concert lecture little milk week dinner, to have dinner dormitory usually to relax, rest pirozhok (little pie) to drink to buy to take (a shower, bath) to stand ina queue supper, to havesupper pecbepat essay, yTpom in the morning project céxap sugar cbaxynbtét faculty, department cBo6éaHbIA free 4auiKa cup cTaKaH glass Bonpocot: TunM4HbIn DeHb Uto Bbi Aénaete yTpom? Boi npunumaere yw un BaHHy? UTo BbI eaMTe Ha 3aBTpaK? Tne Bbi o6épaete? Kak BbI oTabIxaeTe BeYepomM? B kacpé In a cafe (Audio 1.25) Marina and her friend Bogdan, from Ukraine, are having lunch in a trendy cafe in Arbat. Mapina: Boras, Tb! roréa? Kya ugém o6épare cerogHA? Borgan: B kacbé! A Hato xopowee Kacbé Ha Ap6are. Mapmna: A uTo cerogHa B MeHIO? Boraan: B menio cerogua: Gop, 6ucpuiTékc, pbi6a, MakapOHbI ui rynaWw. Mapnua: Xopowod! Tora pei6y, noxanylicta. V Kono. Ochna: PéIGbI HET, ECTb TONbKO MACO. Borpan: Moa noppyra Beretapnatka, oHa He ecT Maca. Y Bac ECTb OMNET? Ocpnunant: Omnéta ToxKe HeT, ECTb rpvObI B CMeTaHe. Mapua: Ppv6e1 8 cmetaxe! Moé nio6imoe 6niopo! Borgau: V\ rynaw, noxanylicta. Ocbnynant: Bor Baw rpv6el. A rynAw ewé He roto. Hago «gaTb. Borax: Ona Hao KAaTb. A Tak ronogeH! 1. Fae Mapua u Borman xorat o6éfaTb ceropHa? 2. Kakoro Gnioga M3 MeHiO CerOaHA HET? 3. Kakoe nto6umoe 6niogo Mapiubi? A kakde 6niogo ect Borah? 4, Touemy Mapiia He ect matco v1 pbi6y?Tey 6ntogo dish Mento (n indecl) menu 6ucbwreKc beefsteak Msico meat Gopyy borsch (beetroot soup) omnét omelette onsite again BereTapuau || vegetarian noapyra friend (female) eu, -Ka (man, woman) apyr friend (male) rynaw goulash pbida fish rpv6tiB mushrooms in sour cream ceroqHa today cmetane (pronun. aKnaTb I OKA||¥, ub) to wait ceBoana~) Torga then Makapoub! (p!) macaroni TONbKO only Kacé B yeHTpe Mockebt O6eq Lunch (Audio 1.26) Natela is from Georgia, and Timur from Uzbekistan. Both are studying Russian at MSU. Today, they would like to try out a new café on Tverskaya Street in the centre of Moscow. Tumyp: Kya ugém o6épatb cerogHa?Haténa: B kacpé «Kak y maMbI ». Tam O4eHb BKYCHbIe NenbMéHM, HACTOALINe, cn6upcxne! ‘Tumyp: A Bosbmy KOMnneKcHbI 06g. Tam yxké ecTb Tpu Gmiopfa: NépBoe, BTOpOe, Tpeétbe. Bcé Bmécte. A O4eHb ronogeH! Haténa: Ha népsoe © BO3bMy rpuGHOM Cyn, a Ha BTOpOe - NenbMeHN. 3 TO Moé mio6imoe 6niopo. Tumyp: A Ha geceépt? Haréna: Ha gecépt - Mopoxeroe u Kocpe. Tumyp: A a 4ait uw nnporKHoe. 1OsiTe) BKYCHBIN tasty MopoxKeHoe ice cream Bcé BMéecTe all together HacToAWMi real rpuGHou cyn mushroom nMpoxHoe cream cake soup cu6upcKue Siberian KOMNNeKCHbI O66R, set menu nenbméenn dumplings [1a népBoe (BTopoe) for the first (second) course lHa (TpéTbe, cnagKoe, gecept) for the sweet course / dessert l4a 2aeTpax (06a, joxnH) for breakfast (lunch, supper) Mave, noxanyicra! (Could you. ...) Give (bring) me please! |Y Bac ecTb? Do you have? |A BosbMy.... I'll take. [pammatnka Present tense of verbs 1st conjugation 2K ate ‘to wait for’ a *_a-y MBI >: Tel KA-6Ub BbI «O-€Te on/oHna/OHO oKa-6T OHA *O-YT Note that the endings of this verb follows the same pattern as MATH. Mute ‘to drink’ a Tb-10 MBI Tbl nb-6wb BbI0H/oHa/OHO nb-ét oH not Betapatb ‘to get up, stand up” a BcTa-10 MbI TbI Beta-éub BbI Bcta-éTe on/oHa/OHO Bcta-éT onn BCTa-1oT There are several verbs in Russian ending in -aBaTb which follow this pattern. 2nd conjugation Croat ‘to stand’ This is a regular verb of the 2nd conjugation. A cTo-10 MbI cTO-AM Th! cTO-AWb BbI cto-wte on/oHd/OHO cTo-vT onn cTO-AT Ectb ‘to eat’ This is an irregular verb. In the plural, however, it has 2nd conjugation endings. A em MbI en-4M Tel ewb BbI ep-iTe on/oHnd/OHO ect on en-AT YnparkHeHne 1 Confirm the following statements. For example: Hag pa6otatp. MbI yxé paGoraem. A TOxe paboTato. 1, Hao ectb. 2, Hago nite. 3. Hago BctaBat. 4, Hapo KgaTb. 5. Hago nucate. 6. Hago oTabixatb. 7, Hago nati. Genitive caseEndings of the genitive singular Masculine nouns ending in a consonant add -a, and neuter nouns ending in -o replace it by -a: CTYA@HT - CTyMéHTa; MONOKO - MonoKa. Masculine nouns ending in -b or -# and neuter nouns ending in -e replace these endings by -”: Kpemnb — Kpemna; vai - uaa; oGuexiTHe - OGuYexHTUA. Some masculine nouns drop the vowel 0, @ or & from the last syllable of the nominative form when other endings are added: nMpoxkOK - NNpoxkKa; AeHb - AHA; OTEY - OTUA. Feminine nouns ending in -a replace it by -bl, and those ending in -A or -b replace them by -n: pa60Ta - pa6oTbI; Hegéena - Heménn; O4epepb - OYepemn. Note the nouns Mat and 4oub ‘daughter’: MaTb - MaTepH; AO4b - aouepn. Sometimes feminine endings are affected by the spelling rule: waka - ¥auiKn, Uses of the genitive case a. To translate ‘of: cTaKaH MonoKa ‘a glass of milk’. b, To translate ‘-’s’: feb CTyMeHTa ‘a student’s day’. c. The genitive case is used after certain prepositions: noéne ‘after’; 6e3 ‘without’; 40 ‘until’; HanpOTuB ‘opposite’; OKoNo ‘around, near’; y ‘by, near’; oT ‘from’; n3 ‘from, out of; c ‘from, out of: 6e3 Monoka ‘without milk’; Ao 06éqa ‘until lunch’; nOcne o6éaa ‘after lunch’; HanpoTMB o6uwexiTua ‘opposite the dormitory’; Kono O6wexMTHA ‘near the dormitory’; y 6MGnuorexn ‘by the library’; qaneKo oT UeHTpa ‘far from the centre’; n3 O6WexUTHA ‘out of/from the dormitory’; c pa6orbI ‘from work’, Note that ws is the opposite of B and c is the opposite of Ha: B o6wexnTHe ‘to/into the dormitory’; n3 O6wexUTHA ‘from/out of the dormitory’; Ha pa6oTy ‘to work’; ¢ pa6orbI ‘from work’. Or translates ‘from’ in the expression ganex6 ot ‘far from’ and also ‘from a person’: oT Mapituet ‘from Marina’. d. The genitive singular is used after the numerals apa/ape ‘two’, TPA ‘three’ and 4etbipe ‘four’: aBa 6ytep6poga ‘two sandwiches’; ABE Hegénn ‘two weeks’; Tew néxunu ‘three lectures’. Note that apa is used with masculine and neuter nouns and age with feminine nouns. Compound numerals ending with 4Ba/aBe, Tpu or 4eTéipe are also followed by the genitive singular: ABaQuUaTb YeTEIpe MuHyTbI ‘twenty-four minutes’, e. The genitive is used after MHOro ‘a lot of, much’ and mano ‘little, few’: MHOro pa6oTsI ‘a lot of work’; Mano pa6oTb!I ‘little work’. £, The direct object of a negative verb may be put in the genitive instead of the accusative: Owa He ect Maca ‘She does not eat meat’. g. The genitive is used after the word HeT ‘there is no, there is not any’: HeT pbi6b! ‘There is no fish’. h. The genitive is used after the preposition y ‘in the possession of, to hav Mapai néxuna ‘Marina has a lecture’ (lit. ‘In the possession of Marina is