Lesson 2:

Circulatory
System
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Identify the component of the circulatory
system.
• Explain the different types of circulation.
• Identify the composition of the blood.
• Name and compare the different types of
blood vessels.
Circulatory System
The circulatory system is the life support
structure that nourishes your cells with
nutrients from the food you eat and oxygen
from the air you breathe. It can be compared to
a complex arrangement of highways, avenues
and lanes connecting all the cells together into
a neighborhood. Sequentially, the community
of cells sustains the body to stay alive. Another
name for the circulatory system is the
cardiovascular system.
Circulatory System
The circulatory system functions
with other body systems is to
deliver different materials in the
body. It circulates vital elements
such as oxygen and nutrients. At
the same time, it also transport
waste materials away from the
body.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. HEART - pumps the blood throughout the body.
2. BLOOD VESSEL – carries the blood throughout the body.
a) Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to
the cells, tissues and organs of the body
b) Veins - carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
c) Capillaries - the smallest blood vessels in the body,
connecting the smallest arteries to the smallest veins. the
actual site where gases and nutrients are exchanged
3. BLOOD – carries the materials throughout the body
 TYPES OF CIRCULATION
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Movement of blood from
the heart, to the lungs, and
back to the heart.
 TYPES OF CIRCULATION
CORONARY CIRCULATION
Movement of blood through
the tissues of the heart.
 TYPES OF CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Movement of blood from
the heart to the rest of the
body, excluding the lungs.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
• pumps the blood throughout the body
• The heart is a hollow muscle, which is just as
big as your fist. It has four chambers with
specific tasks to do: two ventricles and two
atria. The atria are the receiving chambers of
the heart, accepting blood from the body (right
atrium) and from the lungs (left atrium). The
ventricles are the pumping chambers, moving
blood to the lungs (right ventricle) and into the
body (left ventricle).
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
The heart has two pumps. Each pump has two
chambers, the upper and lower chambers. The upper
chamber is the atrium that receives blood coming in
from the veins. The lower chamber is the ventricle
that forces the blood out into the arteries. There is a
valve between each atrium and ventricle to prevent
the blood from flowing backwards. The valves are
like one-way doors that keep the blood moving in
only one direction. Valves control movement of blood
into the heart chambers and out to the aorta and the
pulmonary artery.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART PULMONARY VEINS - The
pulmonary veins are
like delicate pipelines
with a blueish hue,
converging gently into
the heart.
Function: They transport
oxygen-rich blood from
the lungs back to the
heart's left atrium,
replenishing the body's
oxygen supply.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART LEFT ATRIUM- A small,
elegant chamber
resembling a receiving
room with plush red
walls.
Function: It receives
oxygenated blood from
the pulmonary veins
and passes it to the left
ventricle for efficient
distribution throughout
the body.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART

Bicuspid (Mitral) AV Valve: This

valve, resembling a double-
door entryway, is adorned
with two leaflets.
Function: It acts as a gateway
between the left atrium and
left ventricle, ensuring blood
flows in one direction,
preventing backflow.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
LEFT VENTRICLE- The
muscular powerhouse,
resembling a strong,
sturdy pump chamber.
Function: It forcefully
contracts to send
oxygen-rich blood
through the aortic
semilunar valve into
the aorta, providing
oxygen to the body's
organs.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
Aortic Semilunar Valve -
This valve appears like
three crescent moon-
shaped flaps, guarding
the entrance to the
aorta.
Function: It prevents blood
from flowing back into
the left ventricle and
facilitates the flow of
oxygenated blood into
the aorta, which serves
as the body's main
artery.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
AORTA - The grand artery,
resembling a majestic
highway, branching out
to supply oxygen to
various parts of the
body.
Function: It carries
oxygenated blood
away from the heart to
nourish all body tissues
and organs.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART Superior Vena
Cava

Vena Cava (Superior and

Inferior) - These are like
two wide rivers merging
into the heart.
Function: The superior vena
cava brings
deoxygenated blood
from the upper body,
while the inferior vena
cava carries
deoxygenated blood
from the lower body
back to the right atrium. Inferior Vena
Cava
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
RIGHT ATRIUM - A
welcoming chamber
with walls like
parchment paper, where
deoxygenated blood
gathers.
Function: It receives
deoxygenated blood
from the vena cava and
passes it through the
tricuspid AV valve into
the right ventricle.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
Tricuspid AV Valve - A
three-leaflet door
guarding the entrance
to the right ventricle.
Function: It acts as a
checkpoint, allowing
blood to flow only from
the right atrium into
the right ventricle and
preventing backward
flow.
 PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
RIGHT VENTRICLE - A
muscular chamber like
a sturdy pump,
pumping blood
towards the lungs.
Function: It contracts to
push deoxygenated
blood through the
pulmonary semilunar
valve into the
pulmonary arteries,
which carry it to the
lungs for oxygenation.
 PARTS OF THE HEART

Pulmonary Semilunar
Valve - Three delicate,
crescent-shaped flaps
guarding the exit from
the right ventricle.
Function: It prevents blood
from flowing back into
the right ventricle and
facilitates the flow of
deoxygenated blood into
the pulmonary arteries
for oxygenation in the
lungs.
PARTS OF THE HEART
Pulmonary Arteries- These
arteries are like a pair of
branching roads that lead
from the heart to the
lungs.
Function: They carry
deoxygenated blood, rich
in carbon dioxide, away
from the heart's right
ventricle and transport it
to the lungs. In the lungs,
this blood releases carbon
dioxide and picks up
oxygen, turning it into
oxygenated blood before
returning to the heart via
the pulmonary veins.
PARTS OF THE HEART
BLOOD COMPOSITION
Red Blood Cells (RBCs):
Description: These are like a multitude of
tiny, biconcave discs, resembling crimson
freight carriers.
Function: Red blood cells are responsible
for transporting oxygen from the lungs to
every cell in the body and returning
carbon dioxide, a waste product, back to
the lungs for exhalation.
BLOOD COMPOSITION
White Blood Cells (WBCs):
Description: White blood cells are akin to
vigilant sentinels, resembling tiny,
translucent warriors.
Function: They serve as the body's defense
force, safeguarding against infections,
viruses, and foreign invaders by
identifying, attacking, and neutralizing
them.
BLOOD COMPOSITION
Platelets:
Description: These are like miniature,
colorless discs, resembling tiny stoppers
or patches.
Function: Platelets play a crucial role in
blood clotting and wound healing. When
a blood vessel is injured, platelets rush to
the site to form a clot and prevent
excessive bleeding.
BLOOD COMPOSITION
Plasma:
Description: Plasma is the pale-yellow, fluid
component of blood, akin to a crystal-
clear river.
Function: It acts as a transport medium for
blood cells and various substances,
including nutrients, hormones, waste
products, and antibodies. Plasma also
helps maintain blood pressure and
regulates body temperature.