Lesson Plan:

Expressing
Permission,
Obligation, and
Prohibition using
Modals
Grade Level: Grade 9
Subject: English
Code: EN9G-lle-20
Objective: Students will be able to express permission, obligation, and prohibition
using modals in English.

Engage
Duration: 10 minutes
Begin the lesson by asking students if they have ever been given permission to do
something or if they have ever been prohibited from doing something.
Share a personal experience of a time when you were given permission or
prohibited from doing something, and ask students to share their own experiences.
Discuss as a class the importance of expressing permission, obligation, and
prohibition in different situations.

Explore
Duration: 15 minutes

Introduce the concept of modals (e.g., can, could, must, should, ought to, etc.) and
explain that these words are used to express permission, obligation, and prohibition
in English.
Provide examples of sentences using modals and ask students to identify whether
they express permission, obligation, or prohibition.
Engage students in a brief discussion about the meaning and usage of each modal.

Explain
Duration: 15 minutes

Provide a detailed explanation of how each modal is used to express permission,

obligation, and prohibition.
Explain the differences in meaning and usage between different modals (e.g., can
vs. could, must vs. should).
Use visual aids, such as charts or diagrams, to help students understand and
remember the information.

Elaborate
Duration: 20 minutes

Divide the class into pairs or small groups.

Assign each group a specific situation or scenario where they need to express
permission, obligation, or prohibition using modals.
In their groups, students should create dialogues or role-plays using the assigned
situations and modals.
Encourage students to be creative and use different modals to express different
meanings.
After a designated time, have each group present their dialogues or role-plays to the
class.

Evaluate
Duration: 15 minutes

Conduct a class discussion to review the usage of modals in expressing permission,

obligation, and prohibition.
Provide feedback and clarification on any misconceptions or errors observed during
the group presentations.
Distribute a worksheet or handout containing five questions for students to complete
individually.
The questions should require students to use modals to express permission,
obligation, or prohibition in different contexts.
Collect the completed worksheets for assessment purposes.

Assessment Questions
Fill in the blank: "Students __________ bring their textbooks to class."
Rewrite the sentence using a modal to express permission: "You are allowed to use
your phone during lunch break."
Fill in the blank: "Visitors __________ park their cars in the designated area."
Rewrite the sentence using a modal to express prohibition: "You are not allowed to
enter the restricted area."
Fill in the blank: "You __________ complete the assignment by tomorrow."

Sample Activities
Pair Work: In pairs, create a dialogue where one person asks for permission to do
something and the other person grants or denies permission using modals.
Role-Play: In small groups, create a role-play scenario where one person has an
obligation to do something and another person tries to persuade them otherwise
using modals.
Writing Task: Write a short paragraph expressing your opinion on whether students
should be obligated to wear uniforms in school, using modals to support your
arguments.
Group Discussion: In groups, discuss and debate whether certain activities (e.g.,
smoking, drinking alcohol) should be prohibited for teenagers. Use modals to
express your opinions and justify your arguments.
Quiz Game: Divide the class into two teams and conduct a quiz game where
students have to answer questions related to expressing permission, obligation, and
prohibition using modals. The team with the most correct answers wins.