Subject: Organic Chemistry LEC

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MODULE 1 ACTIVITY 2 WORKSHEET

I. PRACTICE EXERCISES 1: Answer on the space provided. Then upload

as PDF file

A. Given the following elements: N and O

a) Write the electronic configuration of each atom in their Ground and

Excited States

N= 1s2, 2s2, 2p3(GS)

N= 1s2, 2s1, 2p4 (ES)

O= 1s2, 2s2, 2p4 (GS)

O= 1s2, 2s1, 2p5 (ES)

b) Identify the valence electrons and the covalency numbers (GS & ES)

O= 6 valence electrons, Covalency number 4

N= 5 valence electrons, Covalency number 4

c) Write the Lewis Dot Structure of these atoms (GS & ES)

d) Identify the pure orbitals occupied by the valence electrons (GS & ES)

Oxygen= 1s2,2s2,2p4, Two unpaired electrons 2p Orbitals.

Nitrogen= 1s2,2s2,2p3, Four sp3 Hybrid Orbitals.

 B. Based on the ES electronic configuration of N and O;

a) Write all that can be formed in each atom.

Possible hybrid orbitals of Excited state N and O;

Nitrogen= 1s2, 2s2, 2p3= 2px, 2py, 2pz (Sp3 Hybridization)

Oxygen= 1s2, 2s2, 2p4= (Sp3 Hybridization)

b) Write the Lewis Dot Structure.

c) Identify the hybrid orbitals in the structure.

Sp3 for both Nitrogen and Oxygen it has four sp3 hybrid orbital.

Sp3
|
Sp3 - C - Sp3
|
Sp3

Sp3
|
Sp3 - N - Sp3
|
Sp3

Example Practice A: C Atomic number = 6 Atomic mass = 12

#neutron=6 #proton= 6 #electron = 6

Ground State electronic configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p2

valence electrons = 4 2s2 2px1 2py1

covalency number = 2 2s2 2px1 2Py1

lp σ π

Lewis Dot Structure:

.py1 π

px1. C : s2 lp lp:C =σ

Excited State electronic configuration: 1s2 2s1 2p3

valence electrons = 4 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz1

covalency number=4 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz1

Lewis Dot Structure:

.py1 .π

px1. C . s1 σ.C.σ

pz1. .π
Example Practice B:

sp Hybrid: 1s2 (2sp)1 (2sp)1 2py1 2pz1

σ σ π π

π π py π pz π

:C: sp σ : C : sp σ

σ σ

py π pz π pz π

spσ= C = sp σ spσ - C Ξspσ

py π

sp2 Hybrid: 1s2 (2sp2)1 (2sp2)1 (2sp2)1 2pz1

σ σ σ π

pz π pz π

sp2σ . C : sp2 σ sp2σ - C = sp2σ

. sp2σ l sp2σ

sp3 Hybrid: 1s2 (2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 (2sp3)1 ( 2sp3)1

σ σ σ σ
 sp3 . sp 3 σ l
sp3 . C . sp3 sp3 σ - C - sp3
sp3 . l sp 3 σ

II. PRACTICE EXERCISE 2: Identify the hybrid orbitals used in the given molecules.

H H H H
2l 3l 4l 5l ..6
H 1- C 7- C8 = C 9- C10 - O - H
l l ..
H H

Example:

..6
O: H
4 ll 5 l 1. H - C ; s-sp2σ
2. C -C ; sp2-sp3σ
H_1___C 2____ C 3____H 3. C - H ; sp3 - s σ
l 4. C-O ; sp2 - sp2σ
H 5. C - O ; pz - pz π
6. : O sp2 lone pair

III. PRACTICE EXERCISE 3. Answer the following questions in the provided space
provided:

1. Which is longer—a C–H bond or a C–O bond?

 The longer bond is the C–O bond.

2. Which is shorter—an N–H bond or a C–H bond?

The shorter bond is the C-H bond.

3. Arrange the following bonds from least polar to most polar:

H-F, H-N, H-O, H-Cl

H-F= 2.1-4.0 =1.9 H-O= 2.1-3.5= 1.4

H-N= 2.1-3.0= 0.9 H-Cl= 2.1-3.0= 0.9

Answer: H-N < H-Cl < H-O < H-F

PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS BELOW FOR PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 AND

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2:
Practice Exercise 2:
1. H-H - s - sp2 σ
2. C-H - s - sp2 σ
3. C-H - s - sp2 σ
4. C-H - s - sp2 σ
5. C-H - sp-sp2 σ
6. ..O-H sp-sp2 σ
7. C-C - sp3 - sp σ
8. C=C - sp2 - sp σ
9. C-C - sp2 - sp2 σ
10. O - sp3 lone pair