Physical

Science
11
Science – Grade 11
Quarter 4 Module 5: Galilean Views of Motion
First Edition, 2020

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 Physical
Science
11
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 5
Galilean Views of Motion
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the G 11 Physical Science Module 5 on Galilean Views of Motion!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the G 11 Physical Science Module 5 on Galilean Views of Motion!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This part measures how much you have learned

from the entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain Galileo’s inference on uniform acceleration;

2. describe the arguments of Galileo regarding freely falling bodies;
3. perform Galileo’s thought experiment on freely falling bodies; and
4. evaluate the motion of a body in terms of freefall using Galileo’s motion
relationships.

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided below.

_________1. If one object has twice as much as the mass of another object, the first
object also has twice as much as what__________?

a. inertia
b. velocity
c. gravitational acceleration

_________2. What will happen when an object freely falls downward?

a. velocity increases
b. velocity decreases
c. acceleration increases
d. both velocity and acceleration increase.

_________3. Two objects, heavy and light are dropped at the same time from rest in a
vacuum. Which of the following statement is correct according to Galileo’s thought
experiment on freely falling bodies?

a. The heavier object reaches the ground later than the lighter
object.
b. The heavier object reaches the ground sooner than the lighter
object.
c. The heavier object reaches the ground at the same time as the
lighter object.

_________4. What happens when a stone reaches its highest point when thrown up?

a. Both its velocity and its acceleration are zero

b. Neither its velocity nor its acceleration is zero
 c. Its velocity is not zero and its acceleration is zero
d. Its velocity is zero and its acceleration is not zero

_________5. A textbook is dropped from the second story stairs and falls freely on the
ground. What changes, if any, would be observed of the velocity and the acceleration
of the textbook as it falls?

a. both velocity and acceleration increase.

b. Both velocity and acceleration decreases.
c. The velocity decreases and acceleration increase
d. The velocity increase and acceleration decreases

RECAP

WHO SAYS WHAT ???….. DARE TO SAY IT AGAIN…..!

Aristotle’s vs Galileo’s Views of Motion

Aristotle believes that ________

___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
_______________________

Galileo believes that ________

___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
_______________________
 LESSON

Galileo Inferred that Objects in a Vacuum, fall with Uniform Acceleration

Aristotle regarded the motion of a freely falling object near the surface of Earth
as an example of natural motion. His viewpoint regarding the motion of freely falling
objects was that if there were several objects released from a certain height at the
same time, the heaviest will reach the surface of Earth first. He argued that since a
heavy rock fell faster than a leaf, weight must be a factor affecting the speed of a
freely falling object. He also said that since objects fell faster in air that in water, then
the resistance of the medium must also be a factor. This theory of Aristotle prevailed
for many centuries.

The viewpoint of Aristotle regarding freely falling objects which prevailed until
the 17th century was challenged by Galileo. Galileo disproved Aristotle’s theory by
pure reasoning and logical arguments. In his thought experiment, he considered
three objects of equal weights (see illustration, Figure 1.1). The three objects A, B
and C were placed side by side. They could fall at the same time. Using the theory of
Aristotle, they will fall at the same time. If objects A and B were tied together, and
they were made to fall at the same time as C, will they fall faster than C? Galileo
argued that A and B together will fall at the same time as C. He argued that B cannot
pull A down faster than C since B alone was moving as fast as C. So, this only shows
that A and B together, although twice as heavy as C, will fall at the same time as C
and reach the surface of Earth at the same time as C.

Figure 1.1
Free Fall
Do heavier objects fall faster than light objects? Or, do they fall at the same
rate? People had, for a long time, believed that heavy bodies fall faster rate than
lighter objects. Popular account was said of Galileo dropping a small iron ball and a
large cannon ball from the leaning tower of Pisa (Figure 1.2) in the sixteenth century.
To the amazement of the spectators, the two balls hit the ground almost at the same
time. Figure 1.3 shows a strobe photograph of two balls of different masses falling
freely in air. Both fell exactly at the same time. But what about the case of a coin
and a piece of paper? In air, the coin falls faster than the flat piece of paper. In a
vacuum, however, they fall the same rate, as demonstrated by the “coin and feather”
experiment (Figure 1.4). Air resistance has a greater effect on the lighter feather than
on the heavier coin because of the larger exposed surface area of the feather against
air resistance.

Figure 1.2. Galileo dropping a small Figure 1.3. A strobe or two balls of Figure 1.4. Coin and feather
iron ball and a large cannon ball from different masses falling exactly at the experiment
the Leaning Tower of Pisa same rate

Acceleration Due to Gravity

If air resistance is negligible, a body falls

freely under the influence of gravity with uniform
acceleration. This is called acceleration due to
gravity, denoted by g. The standard value of g is
9.8 m/s2, but it is often taken as 10 m/s2 for
illustration purposes, as in the example that
follows. Consider the ball in Figure 1.5. It is
thrown vertically upwards from the ground with a
velocity of 30 m/s. The figure shows the path and
the velocity of the ball every second as it rises to
its highest point and then falls back to the ground.
As the ball rises, its speed decreases at the rate of
10 m/s every second until it reaches the top of its Figure 1.5. Motion of ball thrown
upwards with speed of 30 m/s
flight where it stops momentarily to change
direction. As it falls, its speed increases at the rate
of 10 m/s every second.
 ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
THE PRICE OF FREE FALL

Objective: To perform a “thought experiment” on freely falling bodies.

Materials:
Two marbles of different sizes and a meterstick.
Procedure:
1. Drop the marble from the following heights:
a. 1 meter
b. 2 meter
c. 3 meter
2. Each time you drop the two marbles, listen carefully to the sound as they
strike the floor.
Enabling Questions:
1. Did the marble fall at the same time from each height?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. What conclusion can you draw from the activity
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2
Introducing Inertia

A Curious Coin
 WRAP – UP

To sum up your learnings about the lesson, try to answer the 3-2-1-
Activity below about Galileo’s views of motion
3-2-1 ACTIVITY about WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

3 FACTS I LEARNED:

1.__________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

2 QUESTIONS I HAVE:

1.__________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

1 OPINION I NOW HAVE:

1.__________________________________________________________

VALUING

Reflect Upon
Just like an object in free fall, there are times in your life when you feel
down. What do you do during these times? How do you motivate yourself to
stay positive and persevere to reach your goals?
 POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided below.

_________1. What will happen when an object falls freely in a vacuum?

a. Velocity and acceleration increase

b. Velocity and acceleration decreases
c. Acceleration increases
d. Velocity increases

_________2. In the absence of air resistance, what will happen to a falling object?

a. Constant speed
b. Constant velocity
c. Constant acceleration
d. Constant distances each successive second

_________3. A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the
absence of air resistance, the speed of the ball when caught would be?

a. Less than the speed it had when thrown upwards

b. More than the speed it had when thrown upwards
c. The same as the speed it had when thrown upwards

_________4. If you drop a feather and a coin at the same time in a vacuum tube,
which will reach the bottom first?

a. Both will reach the bottom at the same time

b. The coin
c. The feather

_________5. When a basketball player jumps to make a shot, once the feet are off
the floor, which of the following is correct for the jumper’s acceleration?

a. It varies with body orientation

b. It depends on launch speed
c. It is 10 m/s2
KEY T O C O R R E C T I O N
 REFERENCES

Caintic, Helen E. Physical Science. Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc, 2016

Santiago, Karen S. and Silverio, Angelina A. Exploring Through Science: Physical

Science. Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, 2016

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