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    This document discusses biological classification systems. It describes Aristotle's early classification of plants and animals. It then summarizes Linnaeus' two kingdom system of classifying organisms into the plant and animal kingdoms based on characteristics like cell walls and locomotion. The document notes limitations of the two kingdom system and introduces Whittaker's five kingdom system which distinguishes between unicellular and multicellular organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms based on criteria like cell structure, nutrition, and phylogeny.

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    This document discusses biological classification systems. It describes Aristotle's early classification of plants and animals. It then summarizes Linnaeus' two kingdom system of classifying organisms into the plant and animal kingdoms based on characteristics like cell walls and locomotion. The document notes limitations of the two kingdom system and introduces Whittaker's five kingdom system which distinguishes between unicellular and multicellular organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms based on criteria like cell structure, nutrition, and phylogeny.

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    13 views1 page

    Presence of Absence of Presence of Absence of

    Uploaded by

    Adhil Game
    This document discusses biological classification systems. It describes Aristotle's early classification of plants and animals. It then summarizes Linnaeus' two kingdom system of classifying organisms into the plant and animal kingdoms based on characteristics like cell walls and locomotion. The document notes limitations of the two kingdom system and introduces Whittaker's five kingdom system which distinguishes between unicellular and multicellular organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms based on criteria like cell structure, nutrition, and phylogeny.

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    Chapter 1

    Biological Classification
    There have been many attempts to classify organisms
    Aristotle
    Earliest attempt for scientific classification
    Used simple morphological characters
    Classified plants into trees, shrubs and herbs
    Classified animals into two groups - with blood and without blood

    Two kingdom classification by Linnaeus

    Plant kingdom Animal kingdom


    Presence of Cell wall Absence of Cell wall
    Presence of Chlorophyll Absence of Chlorophyll
    Absence of Locomotion Locomotive

    Limitations of two kingdom classification


    No distinction between
    1. Unicellular and multicellular organisms
    2. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    3. Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

    Five kingdom Classification by R.H Whittaker (1969)

    1. Kindom Monera
    2. Kindom Protista
    3. Kingdom Fungi
    4. Kingdom Plantae
    5. Kingdom Animalia

    Criteria for five kingdom classification

    1. Cell structure
    2. Thallus organization
    3. Mode of nutrition
    4. Mode of reproduction
    5. Phylogenetic relationship

    Merits of five kingdom classification

    Distinction between
    1. Unicellular and multicellular organisms
    2. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    3. Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

    1 BINDU TK, GHSS WADAKKANCHERY

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