FOR ZAMBOANGA CITY DIVISION USE ONLY 0

NOT FOR SALE

11
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
QUARTER 3
Week 2

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment

Toolkit

zed Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I

SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 1

SUBJECT & Grade 11

QUARTER 3 WEEK 2 DAY _______
GRADE/LEVEL PHYSICAL SCIENCE dd/mm/yyyy

TOPIC POLARITY OF MOLECULES

LEARNING 3. Determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure.
COMPETENCY (S11/12PS-IIIc-15)
4. Relate the polarity of a molecule to its property. (S11/12PS-IIIc-16)
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper. Do not forget to answer all the Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs).

UNDERSTAND
Polarity of Molecules

What is Polar Molecule?

Polar molecule is a molecule that occurs

when there is an electronegativity difference
between the bonded atoms. Polar molecules
also form when the spatial arrangement of
chemical bonds leads to a more positive
charge on one side of the molecule than the
other.

What is Non – Polar Molecule?

Nonpolar molecule is a molecule that occurs

when electrons are shared equal between
atoms of a diatomic molecule. As a result, the
distribution of charge is even and the force of
attraction between different molecules is small.
Non-polar molecules show little reactivity.

Differences between Polar and Non- Polar Molecules

Polar Molecule Non – Polar Molecule

 The molecules having positively charged  The molecules that do not have
end and negatively charged end due to such separation of electric charges
the difference in the charges of atoms are nonpolar.
present in the molecules are polar
molecules.
 Most of the polar molecules have an  Nonpolar molecules have a
asymmetric or uneven distribution of symmetrical distribution of
electrons. electrons.

WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I

SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 2

 When highly electronegative atom bonds  Nonpolar molecules are formed

with a relatively less electronegative atom, when there is quite a little difference
polar molecules are formed. in the electronegativities of the
atoms forming bonds in the
molecule.
 Due to the separation of electric charges,  As there is no separation of electric
there is a net dipole moment in the polar charges, there is no net dipole
molecules. moment in nonpolar molecules.
 These molecules react with polar  Nonpolar molecules do not have
molecules to form solutions. such reactivity.
 Polar molecules dissolve in polar  Nonpolar molecules also dissolve in
molecules only. nonpolar molecules only.
 Water is a polar molecule as there is a  All hydrocarbons are mostly
difference in electronegativities of Oxygen nonpolar.
and Hydrogen atoms.

Examples of Polar Molecules and its Structure

a. Water - b. Hydrogen Sulfide -

c. Ethanol - d. Ammonia -

Examples of Non – Polar Molecules and its

Structure

a. Hydrocarbons b. Methane

c. Benzene d. Borane

SAQ-1: When can we say that a molecule is Polar or Non-Polar?

What is Polarity?

Polarity refers to the physical properties of compounds such as boiling point, melting
points and their solubilities. The polarity of bonds is caused due to the interaction of the
bonds between molecules and atoms with different electronegativities.

Determining Polarity

The polarity of a bond is determined by a periodic concept called electronegativity.

Electronegativity (EN) – is a measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract

electrons to itself when chemically combined with another atom. The higher the value of
electronegativity, the more it tends to attract electrons toward itself.
Polar covalent bonds occur when electron pairs are unequally shared. The difference in
electronegativity between atoms is significant while Non-Polar covalent bonds occur when

WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I

SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 3

electron pairs are shared equally or the difference in electronegativity between atoms is less
than 0.5.
The separation of charges makes the bond polar. It creates an electric dipole. Dipole refers
to “two poles,” meaning there is a positive and a negative pole within a molecule. Elements with
the higher EN value become the partial negative pole while elements with the lower EN value
become the partial positive pole. This makes the molecule a polar molecule

Predicting Bond Types:

Electronegativity
Type of Bond Example:
Difference
0.00 – 0.40 Covalent ( Non-Polar) H-H
0.41 – 1:00 Covalent (Slightly Polar) H-Cl
1.01 – 2:00 Covalent ( Very Polar) H-F
2.01 - higher Ionic Na+Cl-

Examples:

Polar Covalent Bonds Non – Polar Covalent Bonds

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Methane (CH4)
EN of H = 2.1 EN of H = 2.1
EN of Cl = 3.0 EN of C = 2.5
3.0 – 2.1 ΔEN = 0.9 2.5 – 2.1 ΔEN = 0.4
Hydrogen Fluoride (HF) Hydrogen; Hydrogen (H2)
EN of H = 2.1 EN of H = 2.1
EN of F = 4.0 2.1 – 2.1 ΔEN = 0.0
4.0 – 2.1 ΔEN = 1.9

Let’s Practice! (Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.)

Direction: Read and analyze the given questions on Polarity of Molecules carefully. Write the
letter of your choice on the space provided before each number.

______1. In a non – polar covalent bond, electrons are ____________.

a. gained by one atom.
b. shared unequally between atoms.
c. shared equally between atoms
d. lost by both atoms

______2. NaCl is an example of a _______________.

a. Covalent bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Element
d. Poisonous bond

______3. A non – polar bonds occurs when ____________________.

a. the difference in electronegativity between the two atom is less than 0.5

WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I

SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 4

b. the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is roughly between 0.5 and
2.0
c. the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is greater than 2.0
d. the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is less than 2.0

_________4. Electronegativities help us predict _________________.

a. Bond type
b. Electron
c. Elements
d. Structure

B. Direction: Determine the following elements if the bonds are polar covalent or non-
polar covalent.
a.HBr = _________________
b. CF4 = _________________
c. O2 = _________________
d. Cl2 = _________________

REMEMBER
Key Points

a. Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the

bonded atoms.
b. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a
diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other
out.
c. Polarity refers to the physical properties of compounds such as boiling point,
melting points and their solubilities.
d. The polarity of a bond is determined by a periodic concept called electronegativity.
Electronegativity is an expression of an atom's tendency to attract electrons in a
chemical bond.
e. Bond polarity is typically divided into three groups that are loosely based on the
difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms, the Polar Bonds, Non –
Polar Bonds and Ionic Bonds.
f. Electronegativity (EN) – is a measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract
electrons to itself when chemically combined with another atom. The higher the value
of electronegativity, the more it tends to attract electrons toward itself.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!

Directions: Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each number.
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.)
_______1. The illustration below is an example of what molecule and type?

a. Water, polar
b. Water, non-polar
c. Carbon dioxide, polar
d. Carbon dioxide, non-polar
_______2. When atoms in a molecule equally share electrons, the bond formed is
___________.
a. Polar b. Non – Polar c. Ionic d. none of the above
WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I
SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 5

_______3. How the bonds are formed?

a. By the attraction between the electrons of two atoms
b. By the attraction between the nuclei of two atoms
c. By the attraction between the nucleus of an atom and the electrons of another
atom.
d. By the attraction between the electrons of one atom and the neutrons of another
atom.
________4. Which of the following covalent bonds can be classified as being the least polar?
a. H-Cl b. H – H c. H – F d. H – Br
________5. Based on considerations of bond polarity, how the bonds in CO2 could be
classified.
a. Non – polar covalent
b. Ionic
c. Polar covalent
d. None of the above
_______6. Which of the following ionic bonds has the greatest degree of polarity?
a. Li – O b. Li – F c. Na – Cl d. Na – Br
_______7. What is the most likely electronegativity difference of a non – polar covalent bond?
a. 1.2 b. 0 c. 0.8 d. 2.1
_______8. A polar covalent bond is likely to form between two atoms that
a. are similar in electronegativity
b. are of similar size
c. differ in electronegativity
d. have the same number of electrons.
_______9. A bond formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions is called a (n)
___________.
a. Polar covalent bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Metallic bond
d. Non - polar covalent bond
_______10. The term ________ refers to the physical properties of compounds such as
boiling point, melting points and their solubilities
a. Electronegativity
b. Ionic
c. Polarity
d. Solubility

How to determine if a molecule is polar or non – polar, accessed

February 15, 2021, https://geometryofmolecules.com/how-to-
determine-molecule-polar-non-polar/
Chemical Polarity, accessed February 15, 2021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity
REFERENCE/S Electonegativity, accessed February 15, 2021
https://sciencing.com/explanation-concept-electronegativity-
8030.html
Santiago, Karen S. & Silverio Angelina A., (2016), Physical Science 1.
Makati City: Phoenix Publishing House Inc., 2016, 7-20.

This learning resource contains copyrighted materials. The use of

which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We
DISCLAIMER are developing this CapSLET in our efforts to provide printed and e-copy
learning resources available for the learners in reference to the learning
continuity plan of this division in this time of pandemic.

WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I

SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 6

This material is not intended for uploading nor for commercial use
but purely for educational purposes and for the utilization of Zamboanga
City Division only.

WRITTEN BY: SHERRY MAY S. ANASTACIO, SST – I

SANGALI NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL