B.A.

dFkk ,oa miU;kl

B.A. Maithili
Paper-II
MAL-102

nwjLFk f”k{kk funs”kky;

yfyr ukjk;.k fefFkyk fo”ofo|ky;
dkes”ojuxj] njHkaxk&846008

1. izks- ljnkj vjfoUn flag
2. izks- v”kksd dqekj egsrk
3. MkW- “kaHkq çlkn
nwjLFk f”k{kk funs”kky;
laiknd eaMy
% funs”kd] nwjLFk f”k{kk funs”kky;] y- uk- fefFkyk fo”ofo|ky;] njHkaxk
% eSfFkyh foHkkx] lh- ,e- ,l-lh- dkWyst] njHkaxk
% lgk;d funs”kd] nwjLFk f”k{kk funs”kky;] y- uk- fefFkyk fo”ofo|ky;] njHkaxk

ys[kd ,oa leUo;d

çHkkr nqcs
Dr. Shambhu Prasad-Co-ordinator, DDE, LNMU, Darbhanga

fç;&Nk=Xk.k
nwj f”k{kk C;wjks&fo”ofo|ky; vuqnku vk;ksx] ubZ fnYyh ls ekU;rk çkIr ,oa laLrqr ch- ,- ¼nwjLFk ekè;e½
ikB~;Øe ds fy, ge gkÆnd vkHkkj izdV djrs gSaA bl Lo&vfèkxe ikB~; lkexzh dks lqyHk djkrs gq, gesa vrho
izlUurk gks jgh gS fd Nk=x.k ds fy, ;g lkexzh izkekf.kd vkSj mikns; gksxhA ^^ dFkk ,oa miU;klÞ uked ;g
vè;;u lkexzh vc vkids le{k gSA
¼çks- ljnkj vjfoUn flag½
funs”kd

izdk”ku o’kZ 2019

nwjLFk ikB~;Øe lEcU/kh lHkh izdkj dh tkudkjh gsrq nwjLFk f”k{kk funs”kky;] y- uk- fEkfFkyk ;wfuoflZVh] dkes”ojuxj]
njHkaxk ¼fcgkj½&846008 ls laidZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl laLdj.k dk izdk”ku funs”kd] nwjLFk f”k{kk funs”kky;]
yfyr ukjk;.k fefFkyk ;wfuoflZVh] njHkaxk gsrq esllZ y{eh ifCyds”kal çk- fy- fnYyh }kjk fd;k x;kA
DLN-2693-130.50-KATHA UPANYAS MAL102 C—
Typeset at : Modern India, Delhi Printed at :
 nwjLFk f'k{kk funs'kky;
yfyr ukjk;.k fEkfFkyk fo'ofo|ky;] dkes’ojuxj] njHkaxk&846004 ¼fcgkj½
Qksu ,oa QSSDl % 06272 & 246506] osclkbZV % www.ddelnmu.ac.in, bZ&esy % dde@lnmu.ac.in

ekuuh; dqyifr
y- uk- fe- fo'ofo|ky;

fç; fo|kFkhZ
nwjLFk f’k{kk funs’kky;] yfyr ukjk;.k fefFkyk fo’ofo|ky; }kjk fodflr rFkk fofHkUu fudk;ksa ls
vuq’kaflr Lo&vf/kxe lkexzh dks lqyHk djkrs gq, vrho çlUurk gks jgh gSA fo’okl gS fd nwjLFk
f’k{kk ç.kkyh ds ek/;e ls mikf/k çkIr djus okys fo|kÆFk;ksa dks fcuk fdlh cká lgk;rk ds fo”k;&oLrq
dks xzká djus esa fdlh çdkj dh dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gksxhA ge vk’kk djrs gSa fd ikB~;&lkexzh ds
:i esa ;g iqLrd vkids fy, mi;ksxh fl) gksxhA

çks- ¼MkW-½ ,l- ds- flag

dqyifr
 fo"k;&lwph (CONTENTS)
bdkbZ 1
i`Fohiq=k (miU;kl)&yfyrs'k feJ ^yfyr* 1

bdkbZ 2
i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~; 9

bdkbZ 3
gejk yx jgc (miU;kl)&izHkkl dqekj pkSèkjh 19

bdkbZ 4
vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj izksú Jh mekukFk >k 26

bdkbZ 5
eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk % dkek[;k nsoh 57
 bdkbZ&1 i`Fohiq=k (miU;kl)& yfyrs'k feJ ^yfyr* i`Fohiq=k (miU;kl)&yfyrs'k
feJ ^yfyr*
ikB&lajpuk
• mís';
• ifjp;
• miU;kldkjd :i es yfyrd ifjp;
• lkjka'k
• vH;kld iz'u
mís';

vk/qfud eSfFkyh miU;kl lkfgR;d {ks=k es ;k=kh l¡ y, ek;kuUn feJ /fj miU;kl
ijEijkd eè; yfyr dFkkdkj ,oa miU;kldkjd :i es eSfFkyh es tkuy xsykgA ,fg
le; eSfFkyh es dFkk vks miU;kl fy[kckd uo ijEijk vU; lkfgfR;d fo/k l¡ iw.kZ
:is.k izHkkfor NyA miU;kl vks dFkk lkfgR;d {ks=k es jpukd n`f"V,¡ tkfg izdkjd
l`tukRed Hkko] Hkk"kk f'kYid iz;ksx] lkekftd ?kVukd lw{e fo'ys"k.k] ifjfLFkfr vks
ifj.kked O;kid fo"k; oLrq jgy] rdjk è;ku es jkf[k yfyr lsgks viu jpuk d,y]
tkfg l¡ bZ eSfFkyh miU;kl jpukd ijEijk es ,d ek=k miU;kl ^i`Fohiq=k*d jpuk
d, eSfFkyh jpukdkjd Js.kh es vxz.kh Hk, xsykgA ,gu izfrfuf/ miU;kldkj yfyrd
lkfgfR;d ;k=kkd vè;;u gejk yksdfu ,fg ikB es djcA yfyr dksu izdkjs ¡ eSfFkyh
lkfgR; es izfo"V d,y] fgud iqLrdkj izdkf'kr miU;kl jpukd n`f"V ij gejk yksdfu
fopkj djc ,oa fgud thou ifjp; l¡ lsgks ifjfpr gks,cA
ifjp;

cgqeq[kh izfrHkkd /fu yfyrd eSfFkyh jpuk es tkfg izdkjd vkUrfjd fopkjd
vn~Hkqr lkeatL; izkIrl gksbr vfN rkfg es fgud dFkk] miU;kl] ,d egRoiw.kZ lkfgfR;d
l`tu ekuy xsy vfNA bZ eSfFkyh dFkk vks miU;kl es uohu ijEijkd uo ekud :i
LFkkfir d,us vfNA yfyr vk/qfud eSfFkyh lkfgR;d] [kkl d, dFkk] miU;kld {ks=k es
izxfr'khy fpUrd dFkkdkj vks miU;kldkjd laxfg ,d lH; O;fDr NykgA tu lkekU;d
nq%[k nnZ vks la?k"kZd ok.kh cfu bZ eSfFkyh es pfpZr Hksykg vk ,fg l¡ eSfFkyh tuin es
vks cgqpfpZr jpukdkj HksykgA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; es ,d ,gu vYik;q ys[kd ts viu o`Qfr l¡ dFkk] miU;kld
{ks=k es izfrfuf/ tdk¡ mHkfj] lgt :i l¡ ledkyhu yss[kdd fpUru es vxz.kh HksykgA
vlk/kj.k izfrHkk lEiUu] fpUrd] nwjn'khZ] miU;kldkj viu jpukRed yss[ku vks i=k&if=kdkd
ekè;e l¡ lkfgR; ys[ku izkjaHk d,y ts ckn es dFkk laxzg vks miU;kld :i es iqLrdkdkj
izdkf'kr HksyA eSfFkyh dFkk lkfgR; vks miU;kld {ks=k es yfyr&jktdey&ek;kuUn
feJd] f=kxqV izfl¼ vfNA bZ rhuw lkfgR;dkj ,d nksljkd varjax fe=k NykgA eqnk fgudk
yksdfud ys[ku fHkUu&fHkUu NyA bZ rhuw lkfgR;dkj eSfFkyh lkfgR; osQ¡ dFkk miU;kld
{ks=k es ,d xfjek vks lEeku izkIr d,yfuA ,fg es jktdey vks ek;kuUn feJ vU; Hkk"kk
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 1
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl es lsgks jpuk d,y tkfg l¡ gqudk yksdfud [;kfr iwjk ns'k es HksyA eqnk yfyr vf/
dka'k jpuk eSfFkyh es d,y fdNq jpuk fgUnh lkfgR; es vuqoknd :i es i=k&if=kdk es
fy[kyfuA tkfg l¡ vks vuqoknd :i es lsgks tkuy tkbr NfFkA
yfyr thd iwjk uke yfyrs'k feJ NyfuA fgud tUe 6 vizhy] 1932 bZ- osQ¡
uksV e/qcuh ftykd cSlB&pkuiqjk xke es Hksy NyfuA bZ fuEu eè;oxhZ; ifjokjd NykgA
izkjfEHkd f'k{kk xke l¡ 'kq: Hk, dydÙkk /fj pyy eqnk vfUre f'k{kk fgud njHkaxk es
laiUu HksyA rdjk ckn izkjaHk es fdNq fnu /fj ,e- ,y- ,osQMeh] ygsfj;kljk; es foKkud
f'k{kd NykgA ckn es fcgkj ljdkjd lsok es jktif=kr vf/dkjhd :i es dk;Z djSr
,-Mh-,e-d in /fj igq¡pkygA eqnzk le;d pozQ vks 'kkjhfjd jksx l¡ vkozQkUr Hk, fgud
nsgkUr vYile; (14 vizhy 1983) es Hk, xsyA
eSfFkyh dFkk vks miU;kl lkfgR;d {ks=k es fgud fof'k"V ;ksxnku osQ¡ Lej.k d,y
tkbr jgy vfNA vR;ar vYi le; /fj thou vks lkfgR; ys[ku jfgrks fgud ;ksxnku
eSfFkyh lkfgR; es js[kkafdr djc ;ksX; vfNA eSfFkyh dFkk&miU;kl yfyrd ys[kd l¡ ,d
uohu thou izkIr d,yd tkfg es eè;e oxhZ; tuthou vkfFkZd vks lkekftd la?k"kZd
rRo ns[kck es vk,yA bZ ewyrRo fgud ys[ku osQ¡ iq"V d,yd vkvksj fgudk lkfgR;
es LFkkfir d,ydA ,fg izlax ;k=khd i=k yfyrd uke es ;k=kh th fgud O;fDrRo vks
jpukd lEcU/ es fy[kSr NfFk&,d rst&rjkZj] vizfre r:.k vkb l¡ iSarhl o"kZ iwoZ gejk
l¡ HksV d,ys Ny] clSB pkuiqjk fuoklh Jh yfyrs'k feJ nqCcj&ikrj lqUnj uo;qod]
iS?k&iS?k vk¡f[k cyk vfr vkd"kZd] o,g r:.k Nk=k dydÙkk es lsgks HksVy Ny tdj
ekè;e l¡ ge iwQy ckcw (jktdey pkS/jh) l¡ ifjfpr Hksy Nygq¡] lkSjkB lHkk es vksgks
Lej.k vfN----A izk;% rhl&cÙkhl o"kZd ckn vgk¡ osQ lEcksf/r djckd lqvolj gejk
HksVy vfNA vgk¡d o`Qfrd lkSjHk [kwc uhd tdk¡ gejk yx igq¡fp xsy vfNA bZ nqyZHk
la;ksx gejk Jh foHkwfr vkuUnd lgk;rk l¡ izkIr Hksy vfN----A :lh dykdkj ps[k ,oa
xksdhZd foy{k.k leUo; ek=k dfg nsyk l¡ ge vgk¡ osQ¡ fu:fir ufg d¿ loSQr Nh gejk
yksdfu vgk¡d jpuk es oqQyhu oxZ vFkok loZgkjk yksdd ,d [kkl n'kZu fodflr ns[kygq¡
vfN&^i`Fohiq=k* vksdj pje n`"Vkar vfN----A jetkuh l¡ y, ^i`Fohiq=k* /fj vgk¡d lw{e
,oa lkoZHkkSe vuq'khyu O;kIr vfNA
yfyrd jpuk es tkfg izdkjd HkkoHkwfe vks ;FkkFkZd rhoz vuqHkwfr izkIr gksbr
vfN rkfg ij viu fopkj O;Dr djSr fgud vuU; fe=k vks leh{kd izks- jekdkUr feJ
ts- fgudk cgqr utnhd l¡ tuSr Nykg ls fgud thoud ;FkkFkZ fgud lkfgfR;d jpuk
es ns[kyfuA ,fg lUnHkZ es fgud vR;Ur laosnuk;qDr dFku nz"VO; fFkd&¶t[ku ge
lHk (yfyr lfgr) ;qokoLFkkd nsgfj ij fdydkjh nSr jgh vk Hkfo"; fpUrkd ,dek=k
vf/dkjh firsVk osQ¡ cw>h] ,d vYiosruHkksxh xq: thd iq=k yfyr&viu nw rhu cfgud
dU;knkud fpUrk l¡ xzLr yfyr&fudV Hkfo"; es firkd fjVk;jesaV l¡ mRiUu gksc¿cyk
vkfFkZd Hk;kogrk l¡ =kLr yfyr&ljLorh LowQy es rRdkys ekLVjh is'kkd iqujko`fÙkd
O;aX;kRed fLFkfrcks/ l¡ frDr yfyr&viugq¡ ifjokj (L=kh&cPpk)d ikfjogud mifj"Bkr
fpUrk l¡ vkosf"Vr yfyr&cw<+ Hk¿ xsykgA rs ¡ yfyrd dFkk lHk es vksrsd frD[k ;FkkFkZd
n'kZu gksbr vfNA b,g vks le; Ny t[ku yfyr osQ¡ vkRekuUnd ,dek=k L=kksr ys[ku
HksVy jgfuA gqud dYiukd dM+kg es lfn[ku dksuks&us&dksuks dFkk&O;Fkk [kksySr jgSr
NyfuA¸
2 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 yfyr fefFkykd tuthou l¡ iw.kZ:is.k ifjfpr Nykg rs ¡ fgud jpuk es tuthoud i`Fohiq=k (miU;kl)&yfyrs'k
lkekU; fp=k] vkReeaFku] lekftd fo'ys"k.k vks lq/kjd Hkkouk ns[kck es vcSr vfNA feJ ^yfyr*
fefFkyk es uotkxj.kd izkjfEHkd fLFkfr es tkfg izdkjd leL;k Ny] rkfg es lkekftd
oqQjhfr] vuSfrd fozQ;k] ik[k.M&'kks"k.k vkfn viu i,j tekSus NyA rdjk es uo psruk uksV
tkx`r djckd vo/kj.kk y, bZ viu jpuk d,yfuA lkekftd 'kks"k.kd fLFkfr osQ¡ vkvksj
Li"V djckd gsrq bZ vk/qfud lkfgR;d izJ; ysy vkvksj lkekftd xfrfof/ osQ¡ fpfUg
d, ^ekDlZoknh psruk* tkx`r djckd iz;kl d,yfuA lkekftd ;FkkFkZ osQ¡ viu fufrxr
fopkj n, ,djk izxfr'khy lektd LFkkiukd LoIu es viu bZ thou lekIr d, nsyfuA
fgud n`f"V nwjxkeh NyA lekt lq/kjd Hkkouk fgudk es cyorh :i l¡ ns[ky xsyA
fefFkykd vkUrfjd leL;k es 'kks"k.k vks 'kksf"kr oxZd vo/kj.kk osQ¡ bZ viu lkfgR;d
ekè;e l¡ mtkxj d,yfuA fgudk es oSpkfjdrk vks lkekftd layXu vHkwriwoZ :i l¡
ns[ky xsyA
miU;kldkjd :i es yfyrd ifjp;

eSfFkyh lkfgR; es x| lkfgR;d izkjfEHkd :i vksrsd cslh lqn`<+ vks ikjEifjd ufg
Ny eqnk vk/qfud dky es doh'oj pUnk >k l¡ x| jpukd ijEijkd izkjEHk ekuy tk
loSQr vfNA ,fg lkfgfR;d fo/k x|d okLrfod :i foU;kl gejk yksdfu osQ¡ chle
'krkCnhd vkjEHk dky es izkIr Hksy vfNA ,fg 'krkCnhd izkjfEHkd dky es miU;kld
izkS<+ lkfgfR;d fo/kd tUe eSfFkyh lkfgR; es Hksy vfNA eSfFkyhd izkjfEHkd miU;kl
rRdkyhu ?kVuk y, fy[ky xsy izkIr gksbr vfNA rdjk ckn v¡xzsth] fgUnh] caxyk lkfgR;
es miU;kld ijEijk osQ¡ ns[kSr miU;kl jpukd izo`fÙk l¡ eSfFkyh lkfgR;dkj voxr HksykgA
rnuqowQy eSfFkyh lkfgR;dkj yksdfu es miU;kl jpukd izo`fÙk tkxy rFkk vks yksdfu ,fg
uohu lkfgfR;d fo/k fn'k izo`Ùk HksykgA miU;kl jpuk vks rRo fo/kud tkfg izdkjd
izfozQ;k v¡xzsth lkfgR; es Hksy vfN rkfg er osQ¡ lehphu ekuy xsy vkvksj bZ uohu
lkfgfR;d fo/k miU;kl ,d l'kDr lkfgfR;d fo/kd :i es EkSfFkyh lkfgR; es LFkku
izkIr d,ydA
eSfFkyh miU;kld izkjfEHkd dky es leLr Hkkjr es lq/kjoknh vkUnksyu ,oa Lora=krkd
vkàkud ygfj iljy NyA pw¡fd eSfFkyh lkfgR; es fofHkUu fo/k ij lkfgR;dkjd :fp
Ny rkfg es ,dj izHkko rRdkyhu miU;kl es ns[ky xsy vfNA lkekftd oqQjhfr osQ¡ y{;
cuk; cky fookg] o`¼ fookg] vuesy fookg] ngst izFkk] lklq&iqrgq vk uufn&Hkkmtd
ikjLifjd ikfjokfjd dVqrk vkfn eq[; fo"k; cuy vk vksfg ij miU;kl fy[ky tk,
ykxyA ,fg izdkjd miU;kl vks miU;kldkj es tukZnu >k ^tulhnu*] thoN feJ] jkl
fcgkjh ykynkl] oqQekj xaxkuUn flag] iw.;kuUn >k] dk¡ph ukFk >k ^fdj.k*] gfjeksgu
>k] gfjuUnu BkoqQj ^ljkst*] ckcw xaxkifr flag] ;ksxkuUn >k] 'kkjnkuUn >k] cS|ukFk feJ
^;k=kh*] misUnzukFk >k ^O;kl*] vo/ ukjk;.k >k] prqjkuu >k] cnzh ukjk;.k >k] 'kSysUnz eksgu
>k] pUnzukFk feJ ^vej* vkfn miU;kldkjd jpuk es mi;qZDr lkekftd oqQjhfr lHkgd
uo&iqjk.k la?k"kZd dFkk fpf=kr Hksy vfNA ,fg es fdNq fof'k"V miU;kldkj NfFk ts ,gh
fo"k; oLrq osQ¡ uo Lo:i iznku d, eSfFkyh miU;kl ijEijk es viu LFkku LFkkfir d,us
vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 3
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl Hkkjro"kZd ysy Lora=krk vkUnksyu vf/d egRo j[kSr vfNA 1947 es Hkkjr Lora=k
Hsky ,dj uo lafo/ku cuySdA laxfg lEiw.kZ ns'k es vusd izdkjd ifjorZu ;Fkk lkekftd]
lkaLo`Qfrd] jktuhfrd vkfn Hksy tdj izHkko eSfFkyh lkfgR;s Vk es ufg vU; Hkkjrh;
Hkk"kk lHk ij deksos'k iM+y ns[ky tk loSQNA eSfFkyh miU;kldkj yksdfu vksfg iwoZijd
fo"k;&oLrq l¡ gfV rRdkyhu lkekftd izxfroknh fopkj/kjk osQ¡ xzg.k d,yfu laxfg fgUnh]
v¡xzsth] caxyk miU;kld izHkko eSfFkyh miU;kldkj ij iM+yA laxfg rRdkyhu lkekftd
izxfr vks ifjorZud ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k djc miU;kldkj yksdfu viu dÙkZO; cq>, yxykgA
,fg izdkjd miU;kldkj es ;k=kh] cztfd'kksj oekZ] x.ks'kpUnz >k] N=k/kjh ykynkl] rkjkukFk
d.B] jktdey pkS/jh] lksenso] ek;kuUn feJ] lq/ka'kq 'ks[kj pkS/jh] /hjs'oj >k ^/hjsUnz*]
:idkUr BkoqQj] jekUkUn js.kq] thodkUr] Jherh ';kek >k] dfiy izHkkdj] foUns'oj e.My]
O;kl] fouksn] oqQaej dkUr] xkSjh feJ] lw;Zukjk;.k] fo|kukFk >k ^fofnr*] ';kekuUn BkoqQj]
izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh] Mk- ch- >k] 'kf'kdkUr] xaxs'k xqatu] lq'khy] ijklj] ekoZQ.Ms; izoklh]
Jherh fyfy js] pUnz ukjk;.k feJ vkfn NfFkA tfudj miU;kl es rRdkyhu vkfFkZd
oSeuL; fujk'kk] oqQ.Bk] 'kks"k.k] tehankjh izFkk vkfn rRdkyhu fefFkykd xzkeh.k lkekftd
leL;k ij fy[ky tk loSQr vfNA
,fg izdkjd eSfFkyh miU;kld ijEijk es ,d vYik;q ys[kdd izfrfuf/Ro djSr
ns[ky tk loSQr vfN ls NfFk eSfFkyhd yfyrs'oj >k tfudk gejk yksdfu lkfgfR;d uke
^yfyr* l¡ tUkSr NhA trsd lkfgfR;d jpuk ,[ku /fj fgud izkIr Hksy vfN rdjk vk/
kj ij ge fuf'pr :i l¡ dfg loSQr Nh ts yfyr ,d izfrHkk lEiUu ;qx fpUrd] nwjn'khZ
,oa lkekftd leL;kd fofo/ :id iz.ksrk NykgA lkfgR;dkjd :i es fgud vusd
dFkk&miU;kl es lkekftd fo"kaxfrd vkozQked rsoj ns[kck es vcSr vfNA ,fg lanHkZ
es lelkef;d miU;kldkj ek;kuUn feJd er nz"VO; fFd&¶yfyrd dFkkd ewy ea=k
NySd ekDlZA fuEuoxZ vFkok fuEueè; oxZd thoud ts tfVy la?k"kZ rdj O;kid] leFkZ]
LokHkkfod vks ekfeZd fp=k.k trsd yfyrd dFkk es Hksy vfN] vU; dksuks eSfFkyh dFkk
es ufgA dFkk es foEc&fu;kstu vk rkfg foEcfo/ku l¡ dFkk osQ¡ l'kDr ,oa izHkkoksRiknd
cu;ckd f'kYi yfyrd viu f'kYi fo'ks"krk fFkd ts ,dVk Js"B dFkkdkjd vU;re
xq.k ekuy tkbr vfNA fp=kkadu es yfyr cslh lko/ku jgSr NykgA ,d&,dd pfj=k osQ¡
x<+Sr Nykg] vksdj viu i`"BHkwfed vuqowQy LokHkkfod fodkl nSr NykgA vk rs ¡ gqud
pfj=k euksoSKkfud] LokHkkfod rFkk thoUr gksbr NyA okrkoj.kd vfHkO;fDr ,rsd l'kDr
gksbr Ny ts dFkk l¡ ekfVd xU/ mM+¿ yxSr NyA
fgud ,dek=k miU;kl ^i`Fohiq=k* eSfFkyh miU;kl lkfgR;d {ks=k es mYYks[kuh;
o`Qfr ekuy xsy vfNA ,fg es fefFkyk lektd uo&tkxj.kd mYYks[k izkIr gksbr vfNA
^i`Foh iq=k* vFkkZr fdlku] tu cksfugkj] [ksr es dkt d,fugkj loZgkjk fFkdA ts Hkwfeifrd
vR;kpkj lgu djSr djSr vktht Hk, tkbr vfN r[ku vks izfrfozQ;kLo:i tehUnkjd
fo:¼ fonzksg vk la?k"kZ ij mrfj tkbr vfNA ,fg miU;kl vks miU;kldkjd fof'k"Vrkd
lanHkZ es Mk- t;dkUr feJd mfDr Nfu&¶yfyrd i`Foh iq=k (1965) r¡ ,fg Hkkouk osQ¡
iw.kZrk iznku d,ydA bZ xzkeh.k feFkykd fu/ZuoxZ osQ¡ ,d fn'kk funsZ'k] ,d xEHkhj fpUru
nsyfu vfNA ;|fi fgudk es viu ik=kd thou es vk,y ekfeZd {k.k osQ¡ lE;d :is ¡
4 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
izLrqr djck es fdNq vifjiDork yf{kr gksbr vfN] rFkkfi bZ fuEuoxZd uk;d ok ukf;dk i`Fohiq=k (miU;kl)&yfyrs'k
izLrqr d, ;FkkFkZ es eSfFkyh miU;kl es ,d fo'ks"k LFkkud vf/dkjh ekuy tkbr NfFkA feJ ^yfyr*

fuEuoxZd thoud leL;k fnl eSfFkyhd tkfg miU;klddkjd è;ku xsy vfN
rkfg es jekuUn js.kq] /hjsUnz vks yfyr izeq[k miU;kldkjd :i es ns[ky tkbr NfFkA ,fg
es ek;kuUn feJd ^[kksrk vk fpMS*] /hjsUnzd ^Hkks:dck*] yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k*] vk jekuUn
js.kqd ^nq/ iwQy*] izeq[k vks l'kDr miU;kld Js.kh es vcSr vfNA ts eSfFkyh es fuEuoxZd
la?k"kZd vkUnksyud fp=k izLrqr djSr vfNA fuEuoxhZ; xeS;k lektd vkUrfjd nq%[k&nnZ
'kks"k.k mRihM+u nSfud thou vks vkfFkZd fLFkfrd lw{e fp=k.k mi;qZDr miU;kl lHk es Hksy
vfNA ,fg lUnHkZ es Mk- nqxkZukFk >k ^Jh'k*d dFku vfN&¶ek;kuUnthd ^[kksark vk fpM+S*
1965 bZ-d ^fefgj*es Niy] eqnk vksfg l¡ cgqr iwoZ ^fefgj*fges Jh/hjs'oj>k ^/hjsUnz*d
^Hkks:dck* vks yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k* izdkf'kr Hk, pqdy Ny ts 1965 bZ- es iqLrdkdkj
izdkf'kr HksyA ^[kksark vks fpM+S* tdk¡ ^Hkks:dck* vks ^i`Fohiq=k*es fefFkykd xzkE;thoud
cnySr ifjos'kd fp=k.k Hksy] tkfg es uotkxj.kd eukseqX/dkjh lqxfU/ vfNA ,gw eè;
fuEuoxZd vks eè;eoXkZd fufgr LokFkZ&la?k"kZd lqUnj foU;kl Hksy vfNA ^Hkks:dck*
es 'kksf"kr fdlkud n;uh; voLFkkd ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k Hksy vfN ts ;qx;qx l¡ ckcw&HkS;k
}kjk&nfyr gksbr vkfc jgy vfNA /hjs'ojth ,fg leL;kd lek/ku ckcwHkS;kd cnySr
eukso`fÙkd fp=kkadu d, djSr NfFkA ek/ks rFkk osQ'khd lgkuqHkwfr ikfc vUr es cq/ukd
thou lq[ke; Hk, tkbr NSdA ,fg l¡ xzkE;okrkoj.k es uotkxj.k mifLFkr Hksy vfN]
uo vk'kk&vkyksdd ^Hkks:dck*d mn; Hksy vfNA yfyrth viu ^i`Fohiq=k* es ,fg
uotkxj.kd vadu fdNq fHkUu :i es d,us NfFkA fdlku i`Fohiq=k fFkd] vr% vksdjk
[ksrd izfr xgu viuRo vks eerk NSdA fols[kh] l:ik] xsuek izHk`fr ,gus ik=k fFkd ts
Hkwfeifrd vR;kpkj lgSr&lgSr izfrfozQ;k es fonzksg d, mBSr vfNA eqnk viu vf/dkj
vks e;kZnkikyu es fols[kh vks Lk:ik ,rsd lroZQ vfN ts iqfyl vksdjk fdNq fcxkfM+
ufg loSQr NSdA fuEuoxhZ; thoud dVq&e/q fp=k.k lsgks yfyrth cM+ LokHkkfodrkd lax
d,us NfFk] eq[;r% fctqyhd pfj=k&fp=k.k es] ts lklqj l¡ Hkkfx vcSr vfN vks trsd csj
HkxSr vfN rrsd csj fcls[khd gsrq leL;k cfu tkbr vfNA ,fg Bke euksfo'ys"k.kkRed
vUr}ZU}d cM+ ekfeZd fp=k.k Hksy vfNA ghjkykyd iapSrh cSl,ckd fp=k lsgks xzkE;thoud
,d xksV fof'k"V i{kd mn~?kkVu djSr vfN] eq[;r% lqfu;ksftr vks jkspd dFkkRed izokg]
vuqowQy okrkoj.k ,oa O;fDr] pfj=k vk ?kVukd lkaxksikaxrkd n`f"V,¡A ^Hkks:dck*] ^i`Fohiq=k*
vks ^[kksark vks fpM+S* fuEuoxhZ; xzkE;thou ij vk/kfjr ,d miU;kld rhu vè;kid leku
ifjyf{kr gksbr vfN] tdj jpukd usr`Ro /hjs'ojth d, eSfFkyh miU;kld bfrgkl es
,d uohu vè;k;d l``f"V d,us NfFkA¸
Loar=krk izkfIrd ckn eSfFkyh miU;kl tkfg izdkjd fo"k; oLrq osQ¡ xzg.k d,yd
vks Ny tehUnkjh izFkkd mUewyu Lora=krkd uke ij jktuhfrd Lora=krkd LFkku vkfFkZd
Lora=krk la?k"kZd :i es ysyA lekt es oS;fDrd vks lkaLo`Qfrd vfLerkd [kkst gksc,
ykxy tehUnkjh izFkkd fojks/ Hksy] lkeUrh izHkkod rhozrk /hjs&/hjs ?kVSr xsyA ns'k es
iw¡thoknd fodkld lax vkfFkZd lkekftd la?k"kZ viu LFkku ysydA ,fg izdkjd HkkoHkwfe
miU;kldkj yfyr yx l¡ ns[kyfu] vuqHko d,yfu vks thoud lR; l¡ lk{kkrdkj
HksykgA yfyr ;FkkFkZd ,fg vuqHkwfrd ifjizs{; es ,d l'kDr thou ?kVuk osQ¡ miU;kld
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 5
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl :i es fpf=kr d,yfuA ts jpuk vFkkZr~ ts miU;kl ,d ek=k jfgrks fgudk miU;kldkjd
Js.kh es LFkkfir d* nsyd vfNA MkW- vejs'k ikBdd dFku ,fg lUnHkZ es nz"VO;
fFkd&tehUnkjh mUewyud iQyLo:i mifLFkr leL;k y, fy[ky xsy yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k*
es lkekftd ifjorZud Loj vf/ eq[kfjr Hksy vfNA¸ ,fg miU;kld dFkkudd lUnHkZ
mfDr vfN&¶cnySr lkekftd fLFkfrd fp=k.k vfN tkfg es fuEuoxhZ; thoud ifjofrZr
:id fo'ys"k.k Hksy vfNA lkekftd cU/d fp=k.k d, yfyr ,d uo vè;kid Jhx.ks'k
djSr NfFkA fols[kh] l:ik] xsuek vkfn ,fg miU;kld fofHkUu ik=k viu vf/dkj cq>Sr
vfNA vksdjk viu [ksrd izfr eerk NSdA i`Fohi`=kd dFkkukdd cU/u drgq f'kfFky
ufg Hksy vfNA ,dj fp=k.k es LokHkkfodrk ,oa ?kVukd o.kZu es izokg NSdA vuqowQy
okrkoj.kd i`"BHkwfe es ?kVukd fuekZ.k dFkkoLrq osQ¡ fo'oluh; ,oa izHkkoksRiknd cucSr
vfNA¸
miU;kldkj yfyr }kjk fy[ky xsy miU;kl ^i`Fohiqq=k* es of.kZr ?kVuk fefFkykd
iwf.kZ;k¡ ftykd tuthou ij vk/kfjr vfNA ,fg miU;kl es miU;kldkj fefFkykd
lkekftd thou es jgfugkj izR;sd oxZd NksV&iS?k leL;kd fp=k.k izLrqr d,yd vfNA
Hkwfeifr] lkeUr] fdlku] etnwj] ukSdjh&is'kk] viu jktusrk vkfnd 'kks"k.k ,oa 'kksf"kr
:id fLFkfrd fp=k.k ,dj izeq[k fo'ks"krk vfNA 'kks"k.kd izfr fonzksg vks la?k"kZd bZ
dFkukd rrsd cslh eSfFkyh miU;kl lkfgR;d ysy izHkko'kkyh Hksy ts ,dj cknd
miU;kldkj yksdfu ,fg fo"k; ij miU;kl fy[kyfuA yfyr fuEuoxZd vf/dkj vks
'kfDrd vuqHko d,yfu vkvksj izHkkfor Hk, ;FkkFkZ fo"k;&oLrq y, ;FkkFkZoknh n`f"V l¡
,fg miU;kld jpuk d,yfu ,fg miU;kl es iruksUeq[k lax fdlku&etnwjd fu.kkZ;d
la?k"kZd fp=k.k Hksy vfNA laxfg fctyh ,oa dYiw feJd izse la?k"kZd xkFkk ,fg miU;kld
vfHkUu vax jgy vfNA ,fg miU;kl vks miU;kldkjd izlax eSfFkyh lkfgR;d eeZK
vkykspd vks leh{kd izks- jekukFk >k ^i`Foh iq=k*d Hkwfedk es fy[kus NfFk&thoud
leL;k fnf'k Jh yfyr th ,fg es ts n`f"V vafdr d,y vfN ls rrsd LoLFk vfN] HkO;
vfN] lR; ij voyfEcr vfN ts ,fg l¡ gefg Vk vko`Q"V Hksy Nh ls ufg] ts osQvks
,dj xEHkhjrkiwoZd fopkj djrkg] fcuq vko`Q"V Hksys ¡ ufg jfg loSQr NfFkA dÙkZO;kdÙkZO;]
cqf¼&foosd] thoud eerk] lgtkr izo`fÙk vks Hkkouk osQ¡ ts iz/kurk nsy vfN] ls gqud
LoLFk n`f"Vdks.kd |ksrd fFkdA bZ miU;kl dksugq oxZfo'ks"kd vFkok lekt&fo'ks"kd ufg]
izR;sd ekuo ewyHkwr Hkkouk vk oklukd fp=k mifLFkr djSr vfNA vr,o vusd n`f"V
l¡ Jh yfyr thd i`Fohiq=k gejk vÄjsthd fo'ofo[;kr dFkkdkj VkEl gkMhZd miU;kl
eksu ikfM+ nSr vfNA
1964 bZñ es bZ miU;kl fy[ky xsy ts rkRdkyhu lkIrkfgd ^feffkyk fefgj* if=kdk
es èkkjkokfgd :i es izdkf'kr HksyA èkkjkokfgd izdk'kud le; bZ miU;kl rkèkfj rRdkyhu
bfrgkldkj vks vkykspdd n`f"V ds ^i`Fohiq=k* vksrsd vkdf"kZr ufg d,yd trsd ,fg
iksFkhd izdk'kud :i es d,ydA t[ku ,fg iqLrdd izdk'ku Hkssy vkvksj ,dj Hkwfedk
es lkfgr; eeZK izksñ jekukFk >kd Lora=k egRoiw.kZ fopkj vks ^i`Fohiq=k*d vkSiU;kfld
dykRed Js"Brk vks egÙkk ds ^i`Fohiq=k* fuHkhZd Hk, g^i`Fohiq=k*lo`fÙkd :i es leh{kk
6 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
l^i`Fohiq=k* ikBd yksdfu voxr Hksykg r[ku ,dj egRo vR;fèkd cf<+ xsy vkvksj i`Fohiq=k (miU;kl)&yfyrs'k
,dj leh{kk vks lekykspuk ,sfrgkfld vkykspukRed vks leh{kkRed xzUFk lHk es ns[ky feJ ^yfyr*
xsyA ,fg miU;kld vkèkkj ij dgy tk ldSr vfN ts yfyr ds ^i`Fohiq=k* lkfgR;
fcjklrd :i es izkIr Hksyfu vkvksj ,d ek=k jpuk fgudk eSfFkyhd izfl¼ miU;kldkj
;k=kh] gfjeksgu >k] O;kl] jktdey] ek;kuUn feJ] èkhjsUnz] jekuUn js.kq] thodkUr] izHkkol
dqekj pkSèkjh vkfn Js"B miU;kldkjd Js.kh es vuydA

lkjka'k

yfyr eSfFkyh lkfgr;d {ks=k es dFkkdkj vks miU;kldkj :i es tkuy tkbr NfFkA
fgud eSfFkyh es vusd dFkk vks ,d ek=k miU;kl izkIr gksbr vfNA bZ ys[kd viu
lkfgfR;d Ñfr l¡ eSfFkyh dFkk miU;kl es lkfgfR;d izfrHkkd èkuh jpukdkjd :i es
tkuy tkbr NfFkA eSfFkyh es tkfg izdkjd miU;kl jpukd ijEijk Ny rkfg fo"k; ls ¡
iQjkd gfV yfyr eSfFkyh es miU;kld jpuk d,yfuA ,d fnl fefFkyk es oSokfgd ijEijk
viu fofoèk :i y, tky ilkjus Ny r* nkslj fnl Lora=krk izkfIrd i'pkr lkekftd
thou es ifjoÙkZu] uohu tkxj.kd ps"Vk] vkfFkZd lqèkkj vks jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr vkfn uohu
HkkoHkwfe vks fo"k; eSfFkyh miU;kl osQ¡ nsydA vFkkZr oSokfgd ijEijkxr fo"k;&oLrq ij
fy[ky xsy miU;kld ckn eSfFkyh es tu&tkxj.k vks ifjorZud :i ns[kck es vk,y tdj
izHkko eSffkyh lkfgR;dkj ij iM+y vk vks yksdfu Lora=k Hkkjrd cnySr lkekftd ifjos'kd
vuqHko d,u uohu lkekftd fo"k;&oLrq xzg.k d,y vk uohu fo"k; ij miU;kl fy[kc
izkjEHk d,yA ,fg uohu fo"k; osQ¡ dFkkoLrq cuk, miU;kl fy[kckd ijEijk es ek;kuUn]
yfyr] jktdey] èkhjsUnz] jekuUn js.kq vkfn vusd miU;kldkj HksykgA bZ yksdfu tuthoud
fpUrkd n'kZu d,y vkvksj vksfg fo"k; ij miU;kld jpuk d,yfuA
eSfFkyh miU;kld izkjEHk tkfg izdkjd jgy rkfg ij gejk yksdfu larq"V Nh
dkj.k ts eSfFkyh es miU;kl jpukd izo`fÙk cgqr vfèkd izkphu ufg jgyA vkèkqfud
eSfFkyh lkfgR;d fofèk foèkkd fodkl es miU;kl ,d uohu foèkkd :i es if'peh Hkk"kk
lkfgR;d izHkko l¡ vk,y vfNA ckn es vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk lkfgR; ;Fkk fgUnh] caxyk
vkfnd izHkko eSfFkyh miU;kl ij iM+y tdj ifj.kke Hksy ts eSfFkyh ls vU; lkfgR;
tdk¡ miU;kl jpuk gksc, ykxyA
tgk¡ èkfj gejk yksdfu eSfFkyh miU;kld fodkl ;k=kkd n'kZu djSr Nh r* icSr Nh
ts eSfFkyh es tkfg izdkjd miU;kl jpukd izo`fÙk jgy vfN rkfg es eSfFkyh miU;kld
fo"k; oLrq es oSokfgd leL;k ,d izèkku vks izeq[k dFkkud cuy jgyA ckn es vkfc
d, eè;dkyhu miU;kldkj yksdfu jpuk ijEijk l¡ gfV 'kks"k.k] vR;kpkj vks vkfFkZd
foiUu O;fDrd thou o`rd fp=k.k miU;kld fo"k; cukSyfu tkfg es yfyrd uke ,d
liQy miU;kld :i es vcSr vfNA fgud ,dek=k miU;kl ^i`Fohiq=k* vfNA ^i`Fohiq=k*
vFkkZr fdlku] tu&etnwj] xjhc&x:vk] 'kksf"kr&loZgkjk l¡ vfNA ,fg miU;kld dFkkud
fefFkykapd rRdkyhu vfr fiNM+y tuin iw£.k;k ftykd vfNA tkfg Bked yksd o`Qf"k
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 7
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ij vk/kfjr thou ;kiu d, jgy NfFkA Hkwfeifr] fdlku ij dksu izdkjs ¡ vR;kpkj djSr
vfN rkfg fo"k;&oLrq osQ¡ mtkxj d, yfyr ,d Lora=k miU;kl fy[kyfu ts fgudk ,d
liQy miU;kldkjd :i es LFkkfir d,us vfNA yfyrd miU;kl es fgud ;FkkFkZoknh
n`f"Vdks.kd voyksdu ns[ky tk loSQr vfNA iruksUeq[k lkeUnoknd vkozQks'k fdlku vks
etnwj osQ¡ Hkksx, iM+Sr NSdA vks fdlku&etnwj vksfg vkozQks'kd fo:¼ la?k"kZ djSr vfN
vk fot; gksbr vfNA miU;kld nkslj izlax es fctyh vks dYiw feJd izse la?k"kZd xkFkk
miU;kl es ,d uohu vk;ke izLrqr d,us vfNA ,fg miU;kl es ;fn ,d fnl lkeUroknh
fo'ks"krkd fp=k.k vfN r* nkslj fnl fctyh] l:ik] xsuekd :i es fdlkud la?k"kZA ts
[ksr tksrr l,g Hkwfe iq=k dgvksrA ,fg izdkjd dFkkoLrq ij fy[ky ^i`Fohiq=k* miU;kl
vf/d egRo izkIr d,us vfNA vkvksj yfyr osQ¡ miU;kldkjd :i es LFkkfir d,us
vfNA

vH;kld iz'u

1- yfyr O;fDrRod ifjp; izLrqr d:A

2- yfyr ,d liQy miU;kldkj NfFk Li"V d:A
3- eSfFkyh miU;kl lkfgR;

8 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~;
bdkbZ&2 i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~;

ikB&lajpuk
• mís';
• ifjp;
• dFkkud
• pfj=k&fp=k.k
• okrkoj.k
• dFkksidFku
• 'kSyh
• mís';
• lkjka'k
• vH;kld iz'u
mís';

lkekftd ifjorZu Loj osQ¡ eq[kfjr djSr Jh yfyrs'k feJ ^yfyr*d miU;kld
LFkku eSfFkyh lkfgR; es vU;re vfNA ,fg es ewy dFkkd lax&lax dyiw vk fctyhd
izsekykid izlax osQ tksfM+ miU;kldkj ,dj dFkkud osQ¡ vkvksjh vf/d izHkkoksRiknd cuk
nsus NfFkA ,fg bdkbZ es ^i`Fohiq=k* miU;kld vkSiU;kld rRod vk/kj ij ifjp; izkIr
djcA
ifjp;

Jh yfyr thd ,dek=k miU;kl ^i`Fohiq=k* eSfFkyh lkfgR; es ,d liQyre miU;kl

vfNA vkSiU;kfld n`f"Vdks.k l¡ lsgks bZ ,d l'kDr miU;kl vfNA ,fg es tr, ,d fn'k
tehankjh mUewyud Loj nsy xsy vfN vksrfg dyiw ,oa fctyhd ifo=k izse ns[kkvksy xsy
vfNA ,fg miU;kl es ekDlZd thou&la?k"kZd izsj.kk nsy xsy vfN r¿ nkslj fn'k izQk;Md
euksoSKkfud fo'ys"k.k d,y xsy vfNA Úk;Md euksfo'ys"k.kd vUrxZr fctyhd dyiw
feJ lax voS/ izse osQ ys[kd oS/gq izse l¡ ifo=k ns[kkSyfu vfNA ,dj laxfg ekDlZd
bfrgkl fodkld uohu O;k[;k vk£Fkd vk/kj ij djSr fujUrj oxZ la?k"kZ osQ¡ iz/kurk
nsyfu vfNA ,fg vk/kj ij ,fg es fujarj ekuo fodkl es gksbr }U} ns[kkvksy xsy vfNA
tkfg es l:ik] xsuek] fctyh viu Hkwfed j{kkd ysy tehankj fojks/ djSr vfN] yM+kbZ
djSr vfN vk var es viu tehud j{kk djSr vfNA yfyr th ,fg es bZ ns[k,ckd iz;kl
d,yfu vfN ts O;fDr la?k"ksZd cy ij viu vfLrRo dk;e jkf[k loSQr vfNA
miU;kl osQ vk/qfud ;qxd egkdkO; dgy xsy vfN ,fg es ekuo thou rFkk
ekuo pfj=kd&fp=k.k d,y tkbr vfNA vks euq";d thou ,oa pfj=kd O;k[;k djSr vfN]
vksdj mn~?kkVu djSr vfNA izsepUn miU;kld laca/ es fopkj djSr fy[kSr NfFkµfo}ku
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 9
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl yksdfu miU;kld ifjHkk"kk fofHkUu :is ¡ d,yfu vfN fdUrq bZ ns[ky tkbr vfN ts ts
oLrq trsd ljy gksbr vfN vksdj ifjHkk"kk vksrsd dfBu gksbr NSdA dforkd ifjHkk"kk
vkb /fj ufg Hk, ldy vfNA trsd fo}ku NfFk rrsd ifjHkk"kkA dksuks nw O;fDrd fopkj
ufg feySr NfuA miU;kld izlax lsgks b,g ckr dgy tkbr vfNµge miU;kl osQ¡ ekuo
pfj=kd fp=k ek=k cq>Sr Nh ekuo pfj=k ij izdk'k nsc rFkk vksdj jgL; osQ¡ vuko`r djcs
miU;kld ewy rRo vfNA
miU;kl lkfgR;d vk/qfud vk euksjatu fo/k gks,ckd dkj.k cgqr vf/d izpfyr
HksyA ,fg laca/ es vusd ikSokZR; ,oa ik'pkR; fo}ku viu fopkj O;Dr d,y vfN ijap
dksuks ,d xksV ifjHkk"kk lok±xh.k fo'ys"k.k ufg djSr vfNA lHkd foospu fo'ys"k.k l¡ ts
ckr Li"V gksbr vfN vks vfNµ
1- miU;kl foLr`r vkdkjd ,d x|e; vk[;ku vfNA
2- ,dj dFkkud eq[;r% dfYir gksbr vfNA
3- ,fg es ik=kd fozQ;kdyki okLrfod thoud vuq:i gksbNA
4- ,dfg dFkkudd vUrxZr leLr ik=k rFkk vksdj fozQ;kdykid fp=k.k gksbNA
5- 'kSyh o.;Z fo"k; osQ¡ fo'oluh; cucSNA
6- dFkkud osQ fo'oluh; cu,ckd ysy fu£n"V okrkoj.kd fuekZ.k d,y tkbNA
7- ik=kd euksfo'ys"k.kd ysy i;kZIr volj gksbNA
8- ,d ok vusd vuqiwjd dFkk }kjk ,fg es jkspdrk] ykvksy tkbr vfNA
miU;kl dFkk lkfgR;d fodflr :i vfNA dFkk dgc vk lwuc euq";d
LokHkkfod izo`fÙk NSd bZ ;qxd izo`fÙk ,oa vko';drkd vis{kk j[kSr vfNA dyk thou
l¡ fujis{k dksuk jfg loSQr vfN] dkj.k ,dj vk/kj ekuo thou NS] ,dj iks"k.k thou
l¡ gksbr NSd rs ¡ ,dj izHkkoks thou ij iM+Sr NSdA miU;kd osQ¡ vk/qfud ;qxd egkdkO;
dgy tkbr vfNA ,fg es ekuod thou vk pfj=kd fp=k.k d,y tkbr vfN] vksdj
O;k[;k d,y tkbr vfN] vksdj mn~?kkVu djSr vfNA ,dj lEiw.kZ ifjHkk"kk ,oa Lo:i
ns[kyk l¡ Li"V gksbN ts ,fg es eq[; :i l¡ Nvks xksV rRo gks,c vko';d ekuy tkbr
vfNA (1) dFkkud] (2) pfj=k&fp=k.k] (3) dFkksidFku] (4) okrkoj.k] (5) 'kSyh
,oa (6) mís';A
dFkkud

miU;kld dFkk ,oa dFkkoLrq es varj gksbr vfNA dFkkd vUrxZr tkfg ?kVukoyhd
o.kZZu d,y tkbr vfN vks lHk dFkkoLrqa ufg gksbNA vksfg es l¡ vko';d vax osQ¡
jpukdkj tkfg dFkkudd fuekZ.k djSr NfFk vks dFkk&oLrq vfNA dFkkoLrq l¡ rkRi;Z
?kVukd dykRed ozQe cU/u l¡ vfNA dFkk dFkkoLrqd vk/kj gksbrgq vksfg l¡ fHkUu
gksbNA MkW- vejs'k ikBdd vuqlkj dFkk gejk yksdfud mRlqdrk osQ¡ 'kkUr djSr vfNA
dFkkoLrqd xzk.k ftKklk vfNA dFkk es gejk yksdfud è;ku ,fg ckr ij jgSr vfN ts
,djk ckn dh\ fdUrq dFkkoLrq es gejk yksdfud è;ku ,fg ckr ij jgSr vfN ts ,dj
10 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
ckn dh\ dFkk Jksrk l¡ fodflr cqf¼d vis{kk ufg j[kSN] dFkkoLrq j[kSNA dFkkoLrq Jksrk i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~;
l¡ nw oLrqd vis{kk j[kSr vfNµes/k ,oa Le`frA
miU;kld dFkkud le;kuqozQed mis{kk ufg d, loSQNA fdUrq vksdj fu;kstu
fofHkUu :is ¡ d, loSQNA miU;kldkj le;d dksuks fcUnq ij ?kVuk izzokg osQ¡ jksfd nSr
NfFk ,oa vksfg dkj.kd jgL;ksn~?kkVu es ykfx tkbr NfFk tkfg dkj.ks ¡ vks ?kVuk lEHko
gksbr vfNA
dFkkudd lqlaxfBr :i miU;kl osQ¡ vkd"kZd cucSr vfNA dFkkud fuekZ.kd ysy
,gu dFkkoLrqd p;u d,y tkbr vfN ts lHk oxZd yksdd gsrq euksjatd gksbr vfN
miU;kld dFkkud okLrfodrk l¡ vuqizkf.kr gksbr vfNA lkekftd miU;kl (pkgs ?kVuk
iz/ku jgvks ok pfj=k iz/ku) vR;Ur O;kid vfNA vksuk r¿ dykek=kd laca/ ekuo thou
l¡ NSd fdUrq miU;kl dyk thoud fo'ks"k fudVorhZ vfNA lkekftd miU;kld {ks=k lsgks
foLr`r vfNA fHkUu&fHkUu leL;kd fp=k.k ,fg es d,y tk, loSQNA lkekU;r% miU;kl
vksfg ;qx es iYyfor&iqf"ir Hksy t[ku yksdd cqf¼ ,oa roZQ'kfDr vR;Ur lfozQ; gksbNA
lkekftd miU;kl dYiukd gsrq LFkku lqjf{kr j[kSr vfNA
dFkkudd vk/kj ij Jh yfyrd i`Fohiq=k eSfFkyh lkfgR;d l'kDr miU;kl dgy
tk, loSQr vfNA rRdkyhu lekt tehUnkj yksdfud 'kks"k.k] vkrad] euekSth] /ud
opZLo tkfr Hksn] oxZ Hksn] xjhc efgykd izfr vR;kpkj vkfn lHk l¡ lekt =kLr NyA
,fg lHk leL;k osQ¡ rRdkyhu lkfgR;dkj yksdfu viu viu jpukd es dFkkudd fuekZ.k
d,yfuA ,fg es izeq[k vfN ek;kuUn feJd ^[kksark vk fpM+S*] /hjsUnzd ^Hkks:dok* ,oa
yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k* izzeq[k vfNA ,fg miU;kl lHk es 'kksf"kr oxZd fp=k.k d,y xsy vfNA
,fg es yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k* es lkekftd ifjorZud Loj vkvksj vf/d eq[kfjr Hksy vfNA
MkW- vejs'k ikBdd vuqlkjµ¶ek;kuUn feJd nkslj miU;kl ^[kksark vk fpM+S* es lkekftd
ifjorZud Lo:i osQ¡ vafdr djckd ps"Vk d,y xsy vfNA ,fg l¡ iwoZfg /hjsUnzd
^Hkks:dok* rFkk yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k* es 'kksf"kr oxZd fp=k.k d,y xsy vfNA ^Hkks:dok* es
uotkxj.kd lans'k HksVSr vfNA Bdck ijEijkoknh fdlkud izfrfuf/Ro djSr ekfydd iS?k
l¡ iS?k vR;kpkjd fojks/ es fdNq ufg ctSr vfN fdUrq cq/uk osQ¡ ,gu lekt es jgc lá
ufg NSdA vks 'kgjd ckV /jSr vfN lax&lax ekfydd csVk yx tk; vksdj lgkuqHkwfr
izkIr djSr vfNA fdUrq tehankjh mUewyud iQyLo:i mifLFkr leL;k osQ¡ y, fy[ky
xsy yfyrd ^i`Fohiq=k* es lkekftd ifjorZud Loj vkvksj vf/d eq[kfjr Hksy vfNA
ewydFkkd&lax dyiw ,oa fctyhd izsekykid izlax osQ¡ tksfM+ miU;kldkj ,dj dFkkud
osQ¡ vf/d izHkkoksRiknd cuk, nsy vfNA izR;sd ik=kd fp=k.k LOkkHkkfod jhft,¡ Hksy vfNA
,dj dFkkud Hkwfeghu [ksfrgj etnwj ij vk/kfjr vfN fo'ks[kh ifgus pksjh d,
thou xqtj djSr Ny eqnk tkfg fnu l¡ lIir [k,yd vks viu csVk xsuek vk l:ikd
lax lHk rwjs [ksrh ckjh d, xqtj djSr NyA ,fg csj eVqvkd iQfly lqUnj Hksy NySd
ls nsf[k tehankj taxcgknqj ckcwd djst ij lk¡i yksV; yxSr vfNA fdNq edbZ osQ¡ iQfly
lsgks lqUnj NySdA bZZ lHk nsf[k vks vksdjk ywfV d, viuk ?kj y, tk, pkgSr NykgA ,fg
ysy vk viu igyoku lHk osQ¡ vksdjk yqVckd ysy HkstSr vfNA iwjk xke es ,fg ckrd
irk pfy tkbr NSd ts iQyk¡ fnu tehankjd vkneh lHk iQfly ywV, vkvksrA xked yksd
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 11
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl lHk ,dfp=k Hk, ,dj izfrjks/ djckd fu'p; djSr vfNA t[ku glsjh vkfc tkbr NSd
r¿ vksfg ccwjoUuh es yM+kb 'kq: Hk, tkbr NSd xsuek igyokud vk?kkr l¡ ekjy tkbr
vfN] eqnk iQfly ufg ywV, nSr NSdA vksdjk ckn osQ'k&iQkStnkjh gksbr NSd r¿ tehankj
taxcgknqj iqfyl veyk osQ¡ lqjk vk lqUnjhd osoLFkk djSr NSd vk vksdjk lHk osQ¡ viu
i{k es d, osQ'k [kre d, nSr NfFkA
,fg es nkslj lekukUrj dFkk dyiw vk fctyhd izse dFkk vfNA fctyh osQ fookg
djk, nsykd cknks vks viu ifr lax ufg jfg icSr vfNA ,Egj dyiw felj osQ ifjokj
vk xked yksdd izfrjks/ d,yks ij vks fctyhd izse osQ ufg NksfM+ icSr NfFkA ,fg izse
dFkkd lEcU/ es izks- jekukFk >kd fopkj nz"VO; fFkdA
¶i`Fohiq=k es tkfg vewrZ txrd fp=k.k vfN ls u lkekU; Fkhd us vkn'kZA vks
fFkd izrh;eku vks ge Jh yfyr thd la;e'khyrk l¡ eqX/ Nh ts vks drgq e;kZnkd
vfrozQe.k ufg d,y vfNA vkSfpR;d R;kx ufg d,y vfNA vcS/ izse izlax es dusdks
la;e f'kfFkyk Hksyk l¡ dFkkud ve;kZfnr Hk, tkbr ijUrq Jh yfyr th voS/ izsed
izlax osQ¡ oS/gq¡ izse l¡ HkO;rj fpf=kr d, ekuo LoHkkod lgt 'kkyhurk osQ¡ LiqQV d,
nsy vfNA¸ ,fg miU;kld ewy dFkk vfNµ¶thcSr jgc ifgus t:jh NSd lalkj es r[ku
yksd&ykt] uhd&cstk,¸ ,gh rF; ij vk/kfjr vfNA vks ls ,fg fo"k;d miLFkkiuy
rkfg :is ¡ Hksy vfN ts ,fg miU;kl osQ¡ if<+ bZ Li"V Hk, tk,r ts lhfer ifjos'k es lHk
fo"k;d lekos'k mÙke jhfr,¡ Hksy vfNA
^i`Fohiq=k*d dFkkudd laca/ es MkW- vejs'k ikBd dgSr NfFkµcnySr lkekftd
vk£Fkd ,oa jktuhfrd okrkoj.k es fy[ky xsy miU;kl i`Fohiq=k ,oa Hkks:dckd dFkkoLrqd
foU;kl es uotkxj.kd fp=k vafdr Hksy vfNA ,d fn'k izkphu ifjikVh] jhfr&uhfr ,oa
O;oLFkkd tUe Hk, jgy vfNA nkslj fn'k uohu vk'kk] uo vkdka{kk] uo O;oLFkkd tUe
Hk, jgy vfNA ,fg laozQe.k dkyd lkekftd ifjfLFkfr ,oa tkxj.kd fp=k.k i`Fohiq=k
,oa Hkks:dck es Hksy vfNA
Jh yfyrd i`Fohiq=k es cnySr lkekftd fLFkfrd fp=k.k vfN tkfg es fuEuoxhZ;
thoud ifjo£rr :id fo'ys"k.k Hksy vfNA lkekftd cU/ud f'kfFkyrkd fp=k.k d,
Jh yfyr ,d uo vè;kid Jh x.ks'k djSr NfFkA fcls[kh] l:ik] xsuek vkfn ,fg
miU;kld fofHkUu ik=k viu vf/dkj cq>Sr vfNA vksdjk viuk [ksrd izfr eerk NSdA
,fg miU;kld ,d egÙoiw.kZZ ik=k ^fctyh* dyiw feljd lax izsekykid gsrq lklqj l¡
ckjEckj Hkkfx tkbr vfNA
fctyhd lklqj l¡ Hkkfx tk,c vkvksj ghjkykyd (fctyhd ifr) iapSrh cSlk,c
fefFkykd fuEuoxhZ; lkekftd thoud lR; ?kVuk fFkdA fctyhd ckjEckj lklqj l¡
Hkkfx tk,c vksdj firk fcls[khd ysy leL;k cfu tkbr vfNA izLrqr izlax es fols[khd
izfrfozQ;k fuEukafdr fp=k nzz"VO; FkhdA
¶fcls[kh vFk&mFk es iM+y jg,A ,d csj csVh fn'k rkd, ,d csj nyku ij
cSly ozQks/kU/ tek; fn'kA fdNq us iqQjbA dh djvks dksuks eky tky r¿ Ny us ts jLlh
ghjkykyd gkFk es /jk nsrb vk lsgks eky&tky dm[ku nsg usM+k nbZ NbA Fklfd tkb NkbA
Vkjus us Vjkb NSA r[ku bZZ r* cks/uxj euq[kd xIiA
12 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 tehankjh mUewyud ckn fdlku eè; ,d uohu Hkkou tkx`r HksyA fdlku tkfg i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~;
tehu osQ¡ tehankjd cq>Sr Ny vksdjk vkc viu cw>, yxyA fols[kh vk xsuk viu
tehu ysy izk.kksRlxZ djckd ysy mrk: Hk, xsy NyA xsuek viu vf/dkjd j{kkd ysy
izk.kd vkgqfr n, nSr vfNA viu vf/dkj ,oa ek;kZnkd ikyu es fols[kh vk l:i iw.kZ
lroZQ vfNA vksdjk cw>y NSd fujijk/ osQ¡ iqfyl fdNq ufg foxkfM+ loSQr NSdA vks viu
cStrh ufg lfg loSQr vfN vksdjk e;kZnk iwoZd thokd vf/dkj NSdA ,fg ifjfLFkfr es
dFkkudd fodkl ns[kkvksy xsy vfNA
,fg izdkjs ¡ i`Fohiq=kd dFkkud drgq f'kfFky ufg Hksy vfNA ,dj fp=k.k es
LokHkkfodrk ,oa ?kVukd o.kZu es izokg NSdA vuqowQy okrkoj.kd i`"BHkwfe es ?kVukd
fuek.kZ dFkkoLrq osQ¡ fo'oluh; ,oa izHkkoksRiknd cucSr vfNA
i`Fohiq=kd dFkkudd izlax eeZZK vkykspd jekukFk >kd mfDr fFkdµ¶,fg es
dFkkud vfN tkfg es xfr NSd] dFkfg l¡ pfj=kd pk#rk vfNA dFkk es vkSRlqD; vfN
ts ozQe'k% c<+y tkbr vfNA dFkkudd ewy rÙo ts fFkoSQd la?k"kZ ls cká vks vkH;Urj
nwuw izdkjd dFkfg l¡ LiqQV Hk, tkbr vfNA dgckd rkRi;Z ts dFkkudd lcVk xq.k
gejk ,fg es izpqj ek=kk es HksVSr vfNA tkfg Bked bZ dFkk vfN] tkfg lektd bZ dFkk
vfN] tkfg izzdkjd O;fDrd bZ dFkk vfN] tkfg ifjos'k es bZ dFkk ?kfVr o£.kr vfNA vks
tkfg ifjfLFkfr es bZ dFkk ?kVy vfN_ lc osQ¡ Jh yfyrth lehi l¡ ns[kus NfFk] fpUgus
NfFk] vksdj eeZ ,oa rRo osQ¡ viu vUr'p{kq l¡ izR;; d,us NfFk vks rs ¡ ,fg miU;kl es
thoud vks fp=k mrjy ^vfN vk ts ¡ vks vewrZ txrd fp=k vfN rs ¡ bfrgkld lR; l¡
HkO;rj vfN] lqUnj vfNA
pfj=k fp=k.k

ik=kd n'kZu vFkok vksdj dksuks dk;ZZ fo'ks"kd vk/kj ij vksdj pfj=kd fo"k; es
cgqr de Kku izkIr gksbNA izFke n'kZud izzHkko egRoiw.kZ vo'; gksbr vfN] fdUrq ;FkkFkZ
Kkud gsrq vksfg ik=kd fozQ;k&izfrfozQ;kd vè;;u vko';d vfNA
miU;kld ik=k thouhd pfj=k l¡ fHkUu jfgrg cgqr va'k es lekurk j[kSr vfNA
t[ku vksdj thou iw.kZ Hk, tkbr vfN r¿ vks ik=k dfYir ufg jfg vku L=k"Vk ln`'k
;FkkFkZ cfu tkbr vfNA miU;kl viu fodflr :i es thouhd vR;ar fudV gksbNA ,fg
es dYiukd ysy foLr`r vk Li"V LFkku gksbNA miU;kldkj osQ¡ ik=kd fozQ;k izfrfozQ;kd
,oa vksdj Hkkoukd iw.kZ Kku jgSr NfuA vks viu dYiuk }kjk ik=kd O;Dr ,oa vO;Dr nwuw
O;fDrRod fuekZ.k Lo;a djSr vfNA ik=k ,oa vksdj pfj=k fp=k.k djSr dky miU;kldkj
ekuo ewY; ij tksj nsc, yxSr NfFkA lk/kj.kr;k miU;kld ik=k ekuos jgSr NfFk
dkj.k ys[kd ysy bZ vko';d gksbr Nfu ts vksdjfg o.kZu djfFk tdj xgu vè;;u
gqudk gksbuA miU;kldkj euq"; gksbr NfFk rs ¡ euq";d fpÙko`fÙk vksdj fozQ;kdyki ,oa
ladYi&fodYi l¡ vks ifjfpr jgSr NfFkA ekuo ik=k jgus vksdjk l¡ ?kfu"B lEioZQ jgSr
NfuA miU;kld fo"k; euq"; vfN vr,o miU;kld lHk l¡ egÙoiw.kZ rÙo pfj=k vfNA
,fg es ts dkuks ?kVuk ?kVSr vfN vksdj izHkko pfj=k ij iM+Sr NSdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 13
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl miU;kld vk/kj okLrfod thoud ?kVuk osQ¡ miU;kl es tsuk rsuk xzg.k ufg
d,y tk loSQr vfNA okLrfod thou l¡ xzg.k d,y xsy ik=kd ;Fkkor LFkkiuk l¡
ik=k es ,djlrk vcSr NSdA ik=kd pfj=k es okLrfodrkd vkHkkl HksVSr vfNA ,fg
izdkjd pfj=k&fp=k.kd vk/kj ;FkkFkksZUeq[k dYiuk vfNA ,fg es vn`'; 'kfDr ,oa izzR;{k
euksoSKkfud vuqHko ,fg nwuwd vkJ; ysc, iM+Sr NfuA pfj=kd cká fozQ;kdyki vkykspd
yksdfud n`f"V es ekufld }U}d izfriQy jgSr vfNA
i`Fohi`=k es fcls[kh] l:ik] xsuek] fctyh] dyiw felj ,oa tax cgknqj ¯lg vkfn
izeq[k ik=kd :i es fpf=kr vfNA
fcls[kh ifgus pksjh d, viu ifjokjd Hkj.k iks"k.k djSr Ny eqnk le; cnfy
xsyk l¡ vk cPpk lHkd uegj Hk, xsyk l¡ pksjh ufg djckd ysy lIir [kkbr vfN
vk isQj dfg;ks pksjh ufg djSr vfNA vks viu csVk&csVhd lax [ksr es dkt d, xqtj
djSr vfNA ;|fi fols[kh xkS.k ik=k vfNA t[ku vksdj tek, fctyh osQ lklqj l¡ Hkkfx
t,ckd ysy iapSrh cSlcSr NSd r[ku ,d vkn'kZ firkd :i es fols[khd pfj=k fu[kjSr
NSdµ¶csVk fn'k lpsr Hk* rdyd fcls[khA egkMs:d NSd bZ NkSM+kA ,rsd yksd&yktd
M*j gksb NS ,djkA dkS[ku ftcSr jgck ysy yksd&ykt R;kx* iM+Sr NSd yksd osQ¡A vkb
fcls[kh yksdykt l¡ Msjk,y ufg rS r* ,fg ik¡p izzk.khd ijcfj'k Hksy jfgrS\ fdUugq usA
dks'khd ckf<+ l¡ ekjy ck¡> /jrh osQ¡ pk¡Nd iz;kl es dfgvk us vUu vkfd nokb os=ksd
efj xsy jfgrS bZ lHkA ifgus ftcSr jgc t:jh NSdA r[ku ij&iap vkfd yksd yktA vk
thckd viu&viu <ax gksbr NSdA ckty&rksjk fd,d ,rsd yksd&ykt ?ksfj ysydkS\
gejk ij iap vuS, us! ,[ku ge ftcSr NhA rksgj ukd fd,d dVrkS\ ge efj tk,c r*
>ksaV dkfV cbyk fnvgh ?kj l¡A
osQgu ykpkjh csc'kh vk izse NSd viu lrku l¡ ls Li"V ifjyf{kr gksbr vfNA
xsuek etxwr ckUg&dkBd [ksfrgj vfN ts viu vf/dkj cq>Sr vfNA ijap ;kSou es
izos'k djckd dkj.k vksdjk viu fo/ok Hkkmtd izfr vkd"kZ.k gksbr NSd vk viu cghu
fctyhd dkedkt ,djk uhd ufg yxSr NSdA ysfdu ckid Mk¡V&iQVdkj vk fctyhd
esgufr nsf[k lHkVk lgu dj, iM+Sr NSdA
fctyh esgurd'k Hkkjrh; ukjh vfN eqnk vksdjk viu Hkkb&ckid ?kj vk dyiw
feljd izse vksdjk lklqj es fVd d, ufg jg; nSr vfNA vks dyiw feljd fu'Ny
izse l¡ vuqx`fgr vfNµvksb /qvk¡ /qDoqQj l¡ vyx Hk* rksjk yx vcb NhA lc nq[k >a>V
rs;kfxA rksjk uksu&jksVh lu oqQLoknq dksuk cuk nhvA gejk lHk l¡ [kq'kh gksb, t[ku rksjk
l¡ HksaV djck ysy flUuqj&fVoqQyh d* fcnk gksbr NhA viuk osQ¡ fclfj tkb NhA viu nq[k
fiQfdj lHkA rksjk dksjk es ekFk n* d* ftuxh gok&clkr tdk¡ foyk tkb,A
dyiw felj ds iRuh efj xsy NSd rs ¡ vks fctyh l¡ fookg dj; pkgSr vfNA
fctyh izse r¿ dj; pkgSr vfN eqnk fookgd cUèku es cUgk; ufg pkgSr vfNA ,dj
eq[; dkj.k o.kZ O;oLFkk NSd fctyh dgSr vfN&
¶xàfjr d.Bs dgyfFku dyiw&tsuk rksjk uhd ykxkSA ge rksjk us [kqV~Vk es ckfUg d*
j[kckSd us lkuh&HkqLlk n¿A exj ge ,rsd v?kykg Nh ts viuk tksx gejk ub cw>S NS\
14 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 leLr xEHkjrk fctyhd d#.kk es cnfy xsySA vksdj eq¡g fnl rkfd uksjk;y vk¡f[k, i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~;
cktfy&,gu xIi ufg ckt*A rks ¡ gej lhaFk Nqfcrg rsgu Hkkx gej ub NyA rks ¡ nsork
Ng gejA exj bZ xguk ifgjckd gej Hkkx ub vfN ,fg tue esa vks xguk ifgjc r¿
ge tfj tk,cA vksb tUed gej pwd jg; ts bZ xguk&xqfj;k ifgj d* rksgj ubZ Hk*
ldfyvgA vfg tUe es gejk rksgj Nkgfj,Vk yh[ky vfNA vfxyk tUe rksjk lÄ fcvkg
gSr---- vkfxd lks>k¡ xBcaèku n* d*A dfuvk&cgqfjvk Hk* d* rksgj ?kj es jgc*A vb tUe
gejk ,rcs cgqrA
isQj gkFk uejk dyiwd nwuw i;j idfM+ ysydA cktfy&vksb tUe gej lk¡; gks,c*
us\ ckt*\¸
drsd fu%LokFkZ izsed fuekZ.k d, yfyr th dyiw ,oa fctyhd pfj=k ds mn~?kkfVr
d, nsyfu vfNA
,fg lacaèk es MkWñ vejs'k ikBd dgSr NfFk&¶eSfFkyh miU;kl es fdlkud 'kks"k.kd
fp=k.k djckd iz;kl Hkks:dck ,oa i`Fohiq=k es d,y xsy vfNA
i`Fohiq=k es ik=kd pfj=k vusd jhfrd vuqlj.k djSr d,y xsy vfNA drgq
dFkksidFkud ekè;e l¡ r¡ drgq¡ euksfo'ys"k.kkRed iz.kkyh l¡A fofHkUu ifjfLFkr es ik=k osQ¡
jkf[k thou la?k"kZd cká ,oa vH;Urj pfj=k ij izdk'k nsoy yfyr thd fo'ks"krk fFkdA rs ¡
gsrq i`Fohiq=kd izr;sd ik=kd pfj=k fp=k.k LokHkkfodrkd dkj.ks ¡ fo'oluh; ,oa vkd"kZd
Hksy vfNA csuh] l:ik] fctyh] dyiw felj ghjk yky fcls[kh ,fg d,yfUg vfNA¸
csuh ,fg ckrd vuqHko djSr vfN ts fctyhd izfr ,djk ?kjd yksdd O;ogkj
fctyh osQ¡ LoPNUn cuk nsus NSdA bZ LoPNUnrk csuh osQ¡ v[kjSr NSdA fdUrq tr, drgq
vks viu euksHkko osQ¡ O;Dr dj; pkgSr vfN lklqd Mjs fdNq cktc vuqfpr cq>Sr
vfNA Lokehd vlkef;d e`R;qd dkj.ks ¡ csuh ihfM+r vfNA lq[kn nkEiR;d Lej.k gksbrfg
fo"kknd d:.k Nk;k csuh osQ¡ lHkh fdNq fclfj t,ckd ysy ckè; djSr NSdA csuhd fp=k.k
,d vkn'kZ ukjhd pfj=kd :i es d,y xsy vfNA Js"B tud izfr J¼kd Hkko ns[kk,c
,oa vkSfpR;d j{kk djc csuh viu dÙkZO; cq>Sr vfN rFkk ,dj fuokZgd ps"Vk djSr vfNA
okrkoj.k

miU;kl es okrkoj.kd o,g LFkku vfN ts dksuks fp=k esa i`"BHkwfedA leqfpr
okrkoj.k fuekZ.k l¡ dFkkud i`"V gksbr vfN] ik=k ltho Hk, tkbr NSd vk dFkksidFku
izHkkoksroknd Hk, tkbr NSdA miU;kl es euq";d pfj=kd fodkl fofHkUu ifjfLFkfrd
chp gksbr NSdA okrkoj.kd vUrxZr dksuks ns'k rFkk dkyd jhfr&uhfr os'k&Hkw"kk vkfn
lax&lax ?kVuk rFkk LFkwy ifjfLFkfrd fp=k.k d,y tkbr vfNA okrkoj.k nw izdkjd gksbr
vfN&lkekftd thou vk HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfrA dFkkud ds fo'ks"k izHkkoksRoknd cu,ckd
gsrq lkekftd okrkoj.kd fuekZ.kd iz;kstu gksbr NSdA HkkSfrd okrkoj.k }kjk ys[kd ik=kd
ekufld fØ;kdykid lw{e euksfo'ys"k.k djck es liQy gksbr NfFkA
i`Fohiq=k es vkjEHkfg es fdlkud xjhchd dkj.kd :i es ns[kkvksy xsy vfN ts
fdlku iw.kZ :i l¡ izÑfr ij vkfJr vfn vks ,d {k.kd ysy iQly nsf[k vkufUnr gksbr
vfN r¿ nkslj {k.k ckf<+ vk jkSnhd Hk; l¡ =kLr jgSr vfNA b,g dkj.k vfN ts viu
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 15
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl larkud izfriky djckd ysys fcls[kh osQ¡ pksjh dj; iM+Sr NSdA miU;kld vkjEHk nkSnhd
fp=k [khafp d,y xsy vfN&¶ikfud [kkfrj jgcks djS drsd gkdjkslA pk: dkr nwfc
tjyA eyefy;k NÙkk ij ckyq mfèk;kbrA yksdd iVqvk [ksr es vksfguk Bk<+ jgSdA r* isQj
xksM+r dr*\ ,d pq: ikfud njl ufg drgqA lHkd ch;k&ckfy tjSr jgSdA
MkWñ vejs'k ikBdd vuqlkj&i`Fohiq=k es okrkoj.k fuekZ.kd liQy ps"Vk d,y xsy
vfNA lkekftd ,oa HkkSfrd nwuw izdkjd ifjfLFkfrd fp=k.k es LokHkkfodrk vfNA liQy
i`"BHkwfed fuekZ.kd ysy miU;kldkj osQ¡ ifjfLFkfrd iw.kZ Kku jgc vko';d vkvksj bZ
yfyr thd miU;kl es izpqj ifjek.k es vfNA i`Fohiq=kd ikBd osQ¡ cq>ck es bZ HkkÄB
ufg jfg tkbr NSfUg ts tkfr Bked bZ dFkk (i`Fohiq=k) vfN tkfg lektd bZ dFkk vfN]
tkfg ifjos'k es bZ dFkk ?kfVr of.kZr vfN vks tkfg ifjos'k es bZ dFkk ?kVy vfN lc
osQ¡ tsuk Jh yfyr th laehi l¡ ns[kus NfFk] fpÉus NfFk vksdj eeZ ,oa rÙo osQ¡ viu
vUr'p{kq l¡ izr;{k d,us NfFkA¸
i`Fohiq=kd izLrqr o.kZu es ys[kd okrkoj.k&fuekZ.k dkS'ky ts ifjp; nsyfUg vfN
ls nz"VO; vfNA of.kZr n`'; vk¡f[kd lks>k lkdkj Hk, LFkkuh; fo'ks"krk l¡ ifjfpr djcSNA
¶ijeku èkkjd dNsM+ ij cly jg; bZ VksykA bZ èkkjk dksf'kd Nkjfu fFkdA dfgvks
,gh ckVs dksfldk egkjkuhd lEeq[k èkkj jgfuA eqnk vkc r¡ nl&ckjg dksl if'pe gfV
xsy NfFkA èkkj cs'k mRFkj vfNA fdNsM+&fdNsM+ es Bke&Bhe yksd tktkfrvks mitk ybNA
xjeh es ,dne lq[kk tkbr NSdA eqnk o"kkZ gksbr nsjh mefM+ tkbNA Vksyd nf{k.k èkkj es
,dVk eksfu jgl] fojkVdk;] ekN l¡ HkjyA
Vksyd pk: dkr iV&iV lery ckèk lc&ckyw l¡ tdjk Hkfj dkslh g¡Vy jgfFkA
nwj&nwj èkfj lery e,nku f{kfrt l¡ BsdyA b,g fFkd eyefl;k NÙkk tkfg ij ckyqd
pkuh ihVy vfN] ts eyey tdk¡ jkSn es pdpd djbNA leryd ,fg fojkV izlkj es
;=k&r=k [k;j&ccwjd >ksi lc fNfM+,syA
dFkksidFku

pfj=k fp=k.kd euksoSKkfud iz`"BHkwfe rs;kj djck es dFkksidFkud egÙoiw.kZ LFkku

ekuy tk ldSr vfNA dFkkudd foU;kl lkSUn;Z&l`f"V vkfnd O;oLFkk es lsgks dFkksidFku
lgk;d gksbr vfNA dFkksidFku vFkok laoknd egÙo miU;kld vU; rÙod egÙo
ln`'k foospuk l¡ ufg izR;qr :ifg l¡ Li"V Hk, tkbr vfNA dksuks ik=kd nksslj ik=kd
lax okrkZykid vkèkkj ij vksfg ik=kd laLÑfr] :fp ,oa Hkk"kk vkfnd Kku izkIr djc
lEHko gksbr vfNA
µ dh dgygh\ iqNySd fcls[khA
µ dh dgcS\ fdNq usA dkfYg Hkkssjs g¡lsjh gkFks iVqvk dkfV ysrSA l,g dfg xsySA
rksjk dg* ys dfg nsydgA
l:ik lkdka{kk HkssyA cki fn'k rdyd fcls[khd eq¡g fpfUrr jgSd] vk¡f[k
xEHkhjA
l:ik ckty&v¡; vkSj dkfYg us dVrS g¡lsjh\ btksfj;k jkfr NSdA

16 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 jkrk&jkrh viu iVqdk dkfV yhA r[ku ns[ky t;rSd dkfYgA i`Fohiq=k miU;kld oSf'k"V~;
rhuw xksVk g¡lyA g¡fld* xIi Vkfj nsydSA
'kSyh

miU;kld ysy 'kSyh vyadj.k ufg vfuok;Z rÙo vfNA vkSiU;kfld ik=k okLrfod
thoud ik=kd vuq:i gksbrgq¡ vksfg l¡ fHkUu jgSr vfNA ik=kd ikjLifjd lEcUèk ds O;Dr
djckd gsrq 'kSyh vR;Ur vko';d miknku vfNA
'kSyh euq";d O;fDrRod izfrPNk;k fFkdA tsuk euq";d efLr"d vusd xq.k ,oa
fo'ks"krk l¡ ;qDr jgSr vfN rfguk vksdj Hkk"kk ,oa Hkk"k.k 'kSyhA 'kSyh ctck ,oa fy[kckd
,d fuR; ,oa fujUrj iz;qDr vfHkO;atuk fofèk vfNA 'kSyh euq";d :fp oSfp=;d izn'kZu
djSr vfNA
ys[kdd 'kSyh ij gqud :fp] laLdkj ,oa okrkoj.kd iw.kZ izHkko iM+c LokHkkfod
vfNA fdNq yss[kd bZ lksfp ts vks dsoy LokUr% lq[kk; jpuk djSr NfFk ,gu iz;ksx
d, nSr NfFk ts loZlkèkkj.k ds cksèkxE; ufg Hk, ldSr NSdA rs ¡ vko';d bZ ts ys[kd
,gu 'kSyhd iz;ksx djfFk tkfg l¡ ikBdd lax vkReh;rk LFkkfir d, ldfFkA Hkk"kk ds
lqcksèk cuk, yksdksfDrd iz;kssx djSr jpuk osQ¡ fofoèk xq.k l¡ ifjiw.kZ jk[kc ys[kdd gsrq
vko';d Hk, tkbr NfuA dkO; ln`'k y{k.kk&O;atukd iz;ksx }kjk Hkk"kk osQ¡ nqxZe cuk;
miU;kl ys[kd LokHkkfodrkd j{kk ufg d, ldSr NfFkA f'kYi ckr dgckd <ax vfNA
'kSyh vks ok.kh fFkd ts fo"k; O;Dr djSr vfNA f'kYi vfHkO;fDrd izdkj vfN 'kSyh
vfHkO;fDrd ekè;eA
'kSfyd n`f"V,¡ ^i`Fohiq=k*d mRÑ"V LFkku NSdA BsB ik=kkuq:i Hkk"kk] Bke&Bke
yksdksfDrd iz;ksx vkvksjks vkd"kZd cuk nSr vfN&
µ ,d dV~Bk vkj gsrkS vUnktu\ iqNydS fctyhA
µ vksgw l¡ deA ,Egj cM+ Nsgj NSdA l:id nsg ij nksgfj jgSd ts dyiw fctyh
osQ¡ nsus NySA lhrk cM+ jgSdA
µ gs rks ¡ r¡ ,dne Hkhft xsySa xsA gs ys] nksgfj y* us ysA
µ ub&ub gejk ufg gksb, tkM+&rkM+A vks<+us jg* dycyA dfg nS fNvkSA
µ blg gejk ub gksb, tkM+&rkM+! vgh nqvkjs ub vuSr jfgvkS rksjkA
µ ,dlj dksuk vkc* fnfrvkS js dksf<+;k! ewM+h epksfM+ fnrgq ihij rj czãfi'kkpA
dkt djSr dky drgq tkM+ gksbdA
mís';

izxfroknh miU;kl&ys[kdd mís'; yksdd euksjatus èkfj lhfer ufg vfNA vks ,gu
dykÑfr osQ¡ Js"B ekuSr NfFk ts euksjatd ,oa mi;kssxh nwuw jgSr vfNA
i`Fohiq=k es tehankjh mUewyu ,oa cnySr lkekftd ifjfLFkfrd fp=k.k Hksy vfNA
tehankjh mUewyd i'pkr mRiUu Hksy ifjfLFkfrd fp=k.k d,y xsy vfNA lkeUr ,oa
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 17
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl Jfedd viu viu vfèkdkj j{kkd ps"Vkd fp=k.k djSr dky ys[kd ik=kd jkx }s"k] izse
?k`.kk vkfn Hkkoukd fp=k.k d, LoLFk n`f"Vdks.kd ifjp; nsy vfNA i`Fohiq=kd izlax izksñ
jekukFk >k ,dj Hkwfedk es dgSr NfFk&
¶vks thoud leL;k fn'k Jh yfyrth ,fg es n`f"V vafdr d,y vfN ls rrsd
LoLFk vfN] HkO; vfN] lR; ij voyfEcr vfN ts ,fg l¡ gefg Vk vkÑ"V Hksus ufg
jfg ldSr NhA leLr i`Fohiq=k es ,d xksV dFkk ts lc l¡ fo'ks"k LiqQVrkd lax iznf'kZr
Hksy vfN ls fFkd ftcbr jgc ifgus t:jh NS lalkj es r[ku yksdykt] uhdcstk;A
dÙkZO;kdÙkZO; cqf¼ fFkdSdA thoud eerk lgtkr izo`fÙk vks ,fg lgtkr izo`fÙk osQ¡
izèkkurk n, Jh yfyr th ,fg miU;kl es ekuo LoHkkod uSlfxZd izo`fÙk vks Hkkouk osQ¡
ts izèkkurk nsy vfN ls gqud LoLFk n`f"Vdks.kd |ksrd fFkdA
,fg es ys[kd euksjatud laxfg bZ dgckd iz;kl d,yfu vfN ts le; cnfy xsy
vfNA yksdd ckSf¼d fodkl HksySd vfNA vkb vks viu vfèkdkj ds uhd tsuk cq>Sr
vfNA viu vfèkdkjd ysy vks izk.kksRlxZ rd d,y ySr vfNA ,fg miU;kl es esgufrd
egÙo ds lsgks fu:fir d,y xsy vfNA
8-8 lkjka'k
eSfFkyh miU;kl lkfgR;d fodkl ;k=kk es i`Fohiq=kd vU;re LFkku vfNA ,fg
miU;kl es tehUnkjh izFkkd mUewyud i'pkrd ifjn`'; ds fu:fir d, Jh yfyr th
viwoZ dFkk izlaxd la;kstu d,us NfFkA ,fg es cnySr lkekftd fLFkfrd fp=k.k vfN tkfg
es fuEu oxhZ; yksdd thoud ifjofrZr :id fo'ys"k.k Hksy vfNA lkekftd cUèkud
f'kfFkyrkd fp=k.k d, Jh yfyr ,d uo vè;k;d Jh x.ks'k djSr NfFkA ,fg miU;kld
,d egÙoiw.kZ ik=k fctyh vfN ts fookgksijkUr viu izsed] ysy lklqj l¡ Hkkfx&Hkkfx
vcSr vfNA ,fg es fefFkykd fuEuoxhZ; lkekftd thoud lR; ?kVuk fFkdA
viu vfèkdkj ,oa e;kZnkd ikyu es fcls'kh vk l:i iw.kZ lrdZ vfNA vksdjk
cw>y NSd fujijkèk osQ¡ iqfyl fdNq ufg fcxkfM+ ldSr NSdA vks viu cStrh ufg lfg
ldSr vfNA vksdjks e;kZnkiwoZd thokd vfèkdkj nSdA ,gh ifjfLFkfr es dFkkd fodkl
Hksy vfNA
,fg es miU;kld lHk rÙod ifjikd iw.kZ :i l¡ Hksy vfN] lHk fcUnq ij vks
l'kDr :i es miLFkkfir Hksy vfNA
vHk;kld iz'u

1- ^i`Fohiq=k*d dFkkud vk mís'; fu:fir d:A

2- ^i`Fohiq=k* es iz;qDr ik=kd dFkksidFku ,oa pfj=k fp=k.k d:A
3- ^i`Fohiq=k* es mís';d vkèkkj ij dFkkudd fuekZ.k d,y xsy vfN] Li"V d:A
4- ^i`Fohiq=k*d vkSiU;kfldrk izekf.kr d:A
5- ^i`Fohiq=k*d vkèkkj ij lkekftd ifjorZud Loj osQ¡ fu:fir d:A

18 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 gejk yx jgc (miU;kl)&
bdkbZ&3 gejk yx jgc (miU;kl)& izHkkl dqekj pkSèkjh
izHkkl dqekj pkSèkjh
ikB&lajpuk
• miU;kldkj izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jhd ifjp; vk gqud o`Qfr ifjp;
• gejk yx jgc miU;kld rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k
• O;k[;k
• vH;klkFkZ iz'u
Jh izHkkl oqqQekj pkS/jh

uohu ih<+hd fcf'k"V dFkkdkj vks miU;kldkjyksdfudfues Jh izHkkl oqQekj

pkS/jh vxzx.; NfFkA
1957 bZ-es fgud ifgy dFkk izdkf'kr Hksyfu&^izrh{kk*A rfg;kl¡ bZ /qj>kM+ dFkk fy[k¿
yxykg vk vkc r¡ fgud yxHkx xksVsd l; dFkk izdkf'kr vfN ts lqpfpZr vk iz'kaflr
Hksy vfNA fgud ik¡p xksV miU;kl v|kof/ Niy vfN ts eSfFkyhd miU;kl&lkfgR;es
mYYks[kyh; LFkku j[kSr vfNA ,dj vfrfjDr bZ fdNq jsfM;ks&:id lsgks fy[kus NfFk vk ls
[kwc :fpiwoZd lquy xsy vfNA ^okns&okns tk;rs rRocks/%*&fefFkyk fefgjes ,fg LrEHkd
vUrxZr pkfj vades eSfFkyh dFkkij yxkvksy xsy LVsxus'ku*d vkjksid lizek.k [kIMues
ts bZ roZQ nsus NfFk ls fgud vè;;ud xEHkhjrk vk lekykspukRed {kerkosQ¡ iznf'kZr
djSr vfNA LokUr%lq[kk; dfork lsgks ifgus bZ fy[kSr NykgA fgUnhes izdkf'kr fgud dFkk
iz'kaflr Hksy vfNA
njHkaxk ftykd fi.Mk#N xkees 2 tuojh 1941 osQ¡ fgud tUe Hksy NfuA ,e- ,-
d;ykd ckn bZ fdNq fnu /fj jktuhfr foKkud izkè;kid jgykg rFkk thou chek fuxed
ijh{kkes liQy Hk¿ vksdj ,d xksV ojh; inkf/dkjh Hk¿ xsykgA lEizfr bZ vksgh foHkkxes
mPpinLFk NfFkA
1964 es fgud ,d Vk dFkk&laxzg Niyfu&^uo ?kj mB;] iqjku ?kj [kl;*A
vfHk'kIr] ;qxiq:"k] gejk yx jgc\] uokjEHk] jktk iks[kfjes drsd eNjh&bZ ik¡p xksV
miU;kl izdkf'kr NfuA lek/ku (dFkklaxzg) vk laosQr (dforklaxzg)d lEiknues fgud
lsgks fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgy vfNA ^dFkk&fn'kk* (dFkk&iz/ku ekfld)d liznu] Mk- xaxs'k
xqatud lax d¿] bZ ;'kLoh Hksy NfFkA
^jktk iks[kfjes drsd eNjh* jk¡phd fo|kifr&Lekjd lfefrd ^oSnsgh&iqjLdkj* l¡
lEEkkfur vfNA
fgud dFkkj fo"k;&oLrq eq[;r% xzkeh.k tuthoul¡ la;qDr jgSr vfNA lkekftd
vR;kpkj] ikfjokfjd dVqrk] oxZ&la?k"kZ] lEcU/d VwVu&vkfn fgud dFkkd eq[; fo"k;
fFkd] fdUrq ,dek=k fo"k; ufgA ,fg izdkjd fgud dFkkes ckch] ;q¼&fojke vk firk
fo'ks"k :il¡ mYYks[kuh; vfNA rfguk ns'kd jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfrij vk/kfjr fgud dFkk]
;Fkk <si vks eykgd Vksy vkfn vusd n`f"V,¡ LFkk;h egRod vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 19
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl fgud dFkkes okrkoj.k ,dne thoUr Hk¿ tkbN&ikVd vkfg okrkoj.kes Lo;aosQ¡
mifLFkr vuqHko djSNA fgud xke&?kjd o.kZu vR;ar LokHkkfod Hksy vfNA Hkk"kkij
ys[kdd foy{k.k vf/dkj vfNA tkfg Lrjd ik=k jgSN] rkfg Lrjd Hkk"kk bZ vksdj eq¡gl¡
iz;ksx djoSr NfFk ts dFkkosQ¡ vf/d izk.kkoku cuk nSNA
eSfFkyh vdkneh&izdkf'kr dFkk&laxzges fgudk fo"k;es ,dne ;FkkFkZ dgu Hksy
vfN&¶xzkeh.k eè;oxhZ; psrukd dFkkdkj Jh izHkkl oqqQekj pkS/jhd dFkkHkwfe foLr`r NfuA
eè;&foÙk ifjokjd lq[k&nq[k] fo?kVu] vkdka{kkosQ¡ fgud dFkk cM+ l'kDr vfHkO;fDr
nsyd vfNA xke&?kjd ltho okrkojk.k] ekfV&ikfud xU/ vk dFkk dgckd lgt jkspd
'kSyh fgud dFkkd viu [kkl ifgpku cucSr NfuA lkef;d cks/] ifjos'kd xgu ifjfpr
rFkk f'kYixr iz;ksx fgud fo'ks"krk vfNA VqVSr o`Qf"k;qxhu vk uo vkS|ksfxd laLo`Qfrd chp
ladkafr&dkyes Bk<+ ^firk* dFkkd xke vk firk rsgu ;FkkFkZ fcUnq lHkosQ¡ y¿d¿ cuy
vfN ts bZ lgts ¡ dksuks Hkkjrh; xke vk xkel¡ tqM+y firkd izfrfuf/ fp=k Hk¿d¿ Bk<+
Hk¿ tkbr vfNA f'kYid fof'k"Vrk dFkkd vfrfjDr xq.k NSdA vkfFkZd Lrjij lkeUroknh
lektd Hksy voewY;ud vR;Ur ekfeZd fp=k fgud ^/edh*es HksVSRk vfNA ^chch*es
eè;oxhZ; lektd vkfFkZd VwVud bfrgkl HksVSN r¡ ^vjxuh*es laozQe.kdkyhu thoud }U}
A fgud dFkkes fo"k;&oLrqd trsd fofo/rk HksVSN ls fgudk lldkyhu dFkkdkjl¡ lgts ¡
vyx d¿ nSr vfNA ysfdu osQoy fo"k;&oLrqd fofo/rkd dkj.ks ¡ ufg] vksfg ^fo"k;d
vkR;fUrd ifjp; rFkk fooj.kd la;r :f[k*l¡ fgud dFkkd Lora=k Li"V gksbr vfNA¸
fgud dFkkd dF;d izlax Jh thodkUrd er vfN&¶vkS|ksxhdj.kd dkj.ks ¡
ifjokj ,d Vk dVy }hi ewuy ikSrh Hk¿ xsy vfNA vkc ,fg iksrhes gM+fcM+jh vk NksVdk
o×pkgap Hk¿ jgy vfN] rdj fp=k.k izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh d;yfu vfNA¸
Mk- t;dkUr feJ xaxs'k xqatud lax fgudks vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkkd egku LrEHk
ekuyfu vfNA gqud 'kCnes&"Undoubtendly the two writers-Prabhas and Gunjan
are the great pillars of recent Maithili short story which have raised it to very
great heights indeed."
fgud ^vfHk'kIr* vk ^;qxiq:"k* nquw miU;kld izlax Mk- nqxkZukFk >k ^Jh'k*d
er vfN ts ,fg nquw miU;kles ¶orZeku ;qxthoues iljy fn'kkghurk] uSfrd gzkl]
vukLFkk] [kf.Mr fo'okl] fo{kksHk vkfnd fp=k.k ;FkkFkZ 'kSyhes d;y xsy vfNA vr%
fgud bZ nquw ;FkkFkZoknh miU;kl fFkd] tkfg eO; dFkkoLrqd lqfu;ksftr fodkl vks
?kVukozQed foU;kl ufg] euksfo'ys"k.k vks fpUrud iz/kurk vfNA vfHk'kIres nqgw
ih<+heè; fufgr vlarqyu&oS"kE;] lektes iljy Hkz"Vkpkj vks LokFkZ] nw fe=kd chp o`Qf=ke
lEca/] ifr&iRuh eè; fufgr O;fDroknh Hkkoukd dkj.ks ¡ mifLFkr foHksn] dk;kZy;d
vuq'kklu&ghurk vks lkfgR;&{ks=kes O;kIr vkMEcj vkfnd o.kZu d, miU;kldkj orZeku
ih<+hd vfHk'kIr&vkRekosQ¡ mn~?kkfVr djckd iz;kl d;us NfFkA ^;qx&iq:"k*es miU;kldkjd
dF; vfN ts ,fg [kf.Mr fo'okl vks Hkz"Vkpkjd ;qxes viukosQ¡ ts rnuqowQy cuk, ySr
NfFk] lSg oLrqr% ;qx&iq:"k fFkdkgA ^;qx&iq:"k*es pEik vks 'kksHkkd izse&izdj.k cM+
e/qj vk vFkZxfHkZr Hksy vfN rFkk jksthd lUnHkZes pfj=kghurkosQ¡ mnkÙkhdj.k djckes lsgks
miU;kldkj liQy Hksykg vfNA¸
20 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 gejk yx jgc\&bZ Jh izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jhd rslj miU;kl fFkdA ,fg miU;kld gejk yx jgc (miU;kl)&
ukesl¡ èofur Hk¿ TkkbN ts ,fges ,dVk vksgu yksdd O;Fkk&dFkk of.kZr gks;r tdjk izHkkl dqekj pkSèkjh
yx D;ks jgSrs ufg gks] fVfd ufg icSr gks vk vks yksdlHkl¡ iqNus fiQjSRk gks&gejk yx
jgc\ okLroes] ,fg miU;kld uk;d iz.ko&ts ekr`fir`ghu] xke ?kjl¡ oafpr] lektd
'kkld&iz'kkld oxZl¡ frjLo`Qr] Vwxj&Vkij&fcyVy cVqd vfN&ekek&ekehd l?ku vkJ;]
fdUrq ?kVy vkJees iyy] ikslk;y] c<+yA Kku&izku gksbrs bZ ,dd ckn ,d] ,fguk
vusdksosQ¡ pkgyd] laxh cuc¿ pkgyd] eqnk lHk nwj HkxSr xsySdA ,d fnl iz.ko t¡ yxu
vk izfrHkkd /uh Ny r¡ nkslj fnl bZ HkkX;d egknfjnz NyA
fefFkyk es fpjifjfpr ,d Vk cky&figkuh vfN lqXxh jkuhd&
lqXxhjkuh lqXxhjkuh dr¿ tkb Nh\
lk;¡&iwr ekjyd, :ly tkb Nh
gejk yx jgc\
:lc vk euk;c] eku vk· &bZ tsgus vfuok;Z vkfne dkyes Ny_ rsgus vifjgk;Z
vkb;ks vfNA izsed ;Sg rUrq ,fg miU;kld lEiw.kZ dFkk&foLrkjosQ¡ ,dlw=krk iznku djSNA
lEiw.kZ miU;kl nw Hkkxes foHkDr vfN&ifgy] :iy tkbr lqXxh jkuh vk nkslj] gejk
yx jgc\ ,fg nksljs Hkkxd ukeij lEiw.Z miU;kld ukedj.k Hksy vfNA
,fg miU;kld dFkkud lcy vfNA uk;dd okY;dkyl¡ izkjEHk Hk¿ d¿ thoud
fofo/ mRFkku&iru ns[kSr vksdj ;qokoLFkk i;ZUr ,dj dFkk foLrkj icSNA eq[; dFkkd
vUxZr drsdks midFkk vfN ts eq[;dFkkd xhres fo'ks"k rhozrk vuSr vfNA
,fg miU;kles vusdks izdkjd pfj=k mHkfM+d¿ vk;y vfN&lkearh lektd izrhd
dYyw pkS/jhd vkradoknh pfj=k] eerke;h ekehd ekRl;Ziw.kZ pfj=k] lekt }kjk nwf"kr d¿
nsy xsy ek;kd ifrr fdUrq mnkÙk pfj=k Lokoyacud iz;kles yViVkbr 'khykd l'kDr
pfj=k] iz.kod deZB] ykSg fdUrq izse&fiokflr nsoksie pfj=k] vferd ?kqodksfp ftKklq
vk vxqrkg pfj=kA
LorU=krkiwoZ gejkyksdfud lkekftd O;OkLFkk osQgu Ny] 'kks"kd&'kksf"krd chp
drsd nwjh NySd] lkeUrh laLdkj drsd nwf"kr NySd] vk ozQe'k% fLFkfres dksuk ifjorZu
vcSr xsySd] LorU=krkd ckn vk vUrr% t;izdk'kd vkUnksyud ckn okrkoj.k dksuk eksM+
y¿ ysyoSQd] vpZukd fof/ oSg jgYkSd eqnk nsork dksuks cnfy xsySd&,fg lHkd thoUr
fp=k ,fg miU;kles vk¡f[kd vkxk¡ ukfp tkbNA
dFkksidFku tr¿ vfN] ,dne ltho vfNA ekek vk usuk&Hkkfxud chp uksd&>ks ¡d]
LowQyes iz.ko&ekyk&'khykd chp ckyksfpr croqQV~Vfu_ ân;Li'khZ laokn] ekeh&iz.kod
chp eeZHksnh dFkksidFku] izks- >k vk iz.kod chp ckSf¼d roZQ&forZd] 'khyk vk xhvk¡d
chp Hksy okn&fookn] ef.kdkd caxyk vk iz.kod eSfFkyhes Hksy fopkjd LokHkkfod
vknku&iznku vkfn ,fg miU;kld jkspdrkd ewy mRl fFkdA
ys[ku&'kSyh ,dj rsgu foy{k. vfN ts ,d csj izkjEHk d;ykij fcuk vUr d;us
jgys ufg tk loSQNA dFkk viuk lax ikBdosQ¡ lHk Bke mRlqdrk iwoZd y¿ pyckes leFkZ
vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 21
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl izse&izlax] lkekftd nqjoLFkk] jktuhfr gypy] O;fDrxr oqQaBk] lkewfgd vkdks'k
vkfnosQ¡ ,Dds Bke >ydk nsc vk rkgwes drgq vks¡t&xks ¡t ufg gksc¿ nsc miU;kld [kkl
fo'ks"krk fFkdA
,rsd foLr`r tulaoqQyu lektes O;fDr drsd ,dlj Hk¿ tkbN] laca/d ekyk
drsd es ¡ gh lwres xk¡;y jgSN vk dusdks >ekj iM+us vksdj nkuk lHk dksuks fNfM+;k tkbN]
;Sg ns[kk;c izk;% ys[kdd mís'; NfuA
fgud ,fg miU;kld eSfFkyh miU;kl&lkfgR;es mPPk LFkku vfNA
^uokjEHk* Lokra=;iwoZ dkyd jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vk lkekftd ifjorZud fn'kkosQ¡
bafxr djSr lekIr gksbr vfNA xzkE; okrkoj.kd ltho fp=k.k] <gSr lkeUrh ifjokjd
pkfjf=kd iru] ukjhd izfr ld#.k n`f"V vk dFkk dgckd foy{k.k f'kYid dkj.ks ¡ izHkkl
oqQekj pkS/jhd miU;kl lHk cgqr yksdfiz; Hksy vfNA uk;dd vfr'k; vkn'kZokfnrk]
?kVukozQed drgq&drgqq ukVdh;rk rFkk iwjd ik=kd vf/drk fgud miU;kles vkykspd
osQ¡ v[kjSr vfNA ^uokjEHk* fgud lHk oSf'k"V~; vk lHk detksjhl¡ ;qDr vfNA ,dj
o.kZu&dkS'ky ,dj yksdfiz;rkosQ¡ j[kus vfNA
^jktk iks[kfjes drsd eNjh*es Mk- ^Jh'k*d 'kCnes ¶orZeku jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud
lUnHkZes vkn'kZoknd ijkt;d dFkk of.kZr vfN] foo`Qfr vks dkeyksyqirkd dFkk] <gSr
lkeUrh izfr"Bkd dFkk ,oa xzkE; lektes xjhod 'kks"k.k ,oa rdj u`a'kl izfrjks/d dFkkA
miU;kldkj ,fg eè; HkkLdj uked ,d ,gu vkn'kZoknh ik=kd vorkj.kk d;y vfN
ts viu vkn'kZ thou&n`f"Vd dkj.ks ¡ ufg r¡ viu ifjokj vks xkE;&lektl¡ vkvksj us
vkb-,-,l- inkf/dkjhd :i es orZeku Hkz"V ljdkjh iz'kklul¡ lkeatL; LFkkfir d¿ icSr
vfNA----Hkkjrh; fp=k.k }kjk ys[kd ,d xksV ,gu foy{k.k efgeke;h ukjhd mnkÙk vks
mTTkoy i{kosQ¡ laosnu'khy /jkryij izfrf"Br djckes leFkZ Hksykg vfN ts ;FkkFkZoknd
?kksj vU/dkjes vykSfdd vkn'kZoknh vkyksd fodh.kZ djSr izrhr gksbr vfNA¸
fefFkykd ijEifjr izpfyr yksdkfDrosQ¡ orZeku lUnHkZd lax tksfM+ d¿ vksfges uohu
v;ZoÙkk iznku djc izHkkld fo'ks"krk fFkdA ,gus dgch ^gejk yx jgc*\ rFkk ^jktk
ih[kjes drsd eNjh*es dFkk&oLrqd vk/kj cuy vfN rFkk bZ fefFkyk vk eSfFkyy lukru
laLdkj vk fo'ks"krkosQ¡ vf[ky Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ iznku djSr vfNA
fu'p;r% izHkkld dFkk vks miU;kl eSfFkyh lkfgR;sfrgkles ,fg ih<+hd fof'k"V
o`Qfrd :i es lekfnzr jgrA
gejk yx jgc

miU;kld rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&miU;kld ewy rRo gksbr vfN dFkkoLrqA bZ miU;kl nw Hkkxes c¡Vu
vfNA ifgy Hkkxd 'kh"kZd vfN&¶:ly tkbr lqXxh jkuh¸ vk nkslj Hkkxd 'kh"kZd ¶gejk
yx jgcA¸ ,dj nwuw 'kh"kZd izrhdkRed vfn vk nkslj Hkxd 'kh"kZdd ukel¡ laiw.kZ
miU;kl tkuy tk,r vfNA fefFkykes ,dVk fpjifjfpr figkuh vfN lqXxh jkuhd&
22 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 lqXxh jkuh lqXxhjkuh dr¿ tk; Nh\ gejk yx jgc (miU;kl)&
izHkkl dqekj pkSèkjh
lk;¡ iqr ekjyd, :ly tkb Nh
&gejk yx jgc\
:lc vk euk;c eku vk feyu ,fglHk rF;d thoues 'kk'or egRo vfNA izsed
;Sg lw=k ,fg miU;kld laiw.kZ dFkkosQ¡ viukes lesVus vfNA ,dj dFkk cM~M lcy vfNA
uk;d iz.ko ckY;dky l¡ izkjaHk Hk¿osQ¡ thoud leLr mrkj&p<+ko osQ¡ ns[kSr thoud izR;sd
{k.k la?k"kZd HkB~Bhes riSr lHkosQ¡ vkJ; nSr vfn lHkd dku vkcSr vfN eqnk thou i;ZUr
vksdjk yx fd;ks ufg jgSr vfn lHk 'kuS%&'kuS% fudV vkcSr vfN vk >Vdkl¡ vksdjk
NksfM+ thoud fojkV taxyes foyhu Hk¿ tk,r vfNA ykxSr vfN tsuk thou Hkfj vks lHkl¡
fugksM+k djSr gksfFk ts gejk vyx jgc\ ,fg miU;kld uk;d iz.ko ts ekr`ghu] fir`ghu]
xke ?kjl¡ oafpr lektd 'kkld&iz'kkld oxZl¡ frj"Ñr] Vqxj Vkij fcyVy yksd NfFkA
ekek&ekehd l?ku vkJ;] fdUrq vHkkoxzLr vkJees iyy&c<yA tfguk Kku Hksyfu rfguk
xked ckèk&cksul¡ fo|ky; èkfj] ?kjd pkS[kfVl¡ xked njckj èkfj tdjs viukc¿ pkgyd
lSg vksdjkl¡ nwj HkkxSr xsyk yxu vk izfrHkkd èkuh iz.ko thoues liQyrkd ekunaM NwcSr
vkb-,l- vkWiQhlj cuykg eqnk HkkX;d ekfj gqudk lgSr lacaèkd lanHkZes egk nfjnz cu;us
jgyfuA ,fges eq[;dFkkd lax vusdks midFkk tqM+r vfN tdj NksM+ iz.kod thoud
dksuks us dksuk Nksjl¡ ckUgy NfUgA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&,fg miU;kles vusdks pfj=k mHkfjosQ¡ vk;y vfNA uk;d
iz.kod deZB] ykSg fdUrq izse fi;kflr nsoksie pfj=k] Lokcyoud iz;kles viu firk
vk fcgu lax ifjokj vk lekt }kjk d;y dqÑR;d cnyk ysck ysy NViVkcSr 'khykd
pfj=k] lekt }kjk nwf"kr d¿ nsy xsy ekykd ifrr fdUrq mnkÙk pfj=k] eerke;h ekehd
ekRl;Ziw.kZ pfj=k ,e-,y-,- iklokud HksfM+;k lu pfj=k] lkerh dYyw pkSèkjhd ?k`.kk"Vd
pfj=k ,rds l'kDr :is ¡ fpf=kr Hksy vfN ts ikBd miU;kld ek¡lyrkosQ¡ eglwl dfj
ikcSr vfN vk lektes ,gu pfj=klHkosQ¡ nsf[k&cqf> ikcSr vfNA
ifjos'k%&Lora=krkl¡ iwoZ gejkyksdfud lkekftd O;oLFkk dsgu Ny] 'kks"kd 'kksf"krd
chp drsd nwjh NySd] lkearh laLdkj drsd nwf"kr NySd vk Øe'k% fLFkfres dksuk ifjorZu
vkoSr xsySd] Lora=krkd ckn vk varr% t;izdk'k ukjk;.kd vkUnksyud ckn okrkoj.k
dksuk eksM+ ysyd iwtk&ikBd fofèk oSg jgySd eqnk nsork dksuk cnfy xsySdk ,fg lHkd
thoUr fp=k vk¡f[kd lks>x ukfp mBSr vfNA
laokn%&,fg miU;kld laokn thoUr vk lVhd vfNA ekek vk usuk Hkfxud chp
uksd&>ksad] fo|ky;es iz.ko&ekyk&'khykd chp ckyksfpr crdqV~Vfu] iz.ko dYyw pkSèkjhd
chp mÙkstd okn&fookn] iz.ko&'khykd chp eeZLi'khZ laokn] ekeh&iz.kod chp ekfeZd
laokn] izksñ >k vk iz.kod chp ckSf¼d rdZ&fordZ] 'khyk vk xked yksdlHkd chp Hksy
mÙkstd okn&fookn] ef.k ddkd caxyk vk iz.kod eSfFkyhes Hksy LokHkkfod oSpkfjd
vknku&iznku ,fg miU;klosQ¡ ,d fn'k jkspd cukcSr vfN r¿ nkslj fnl lw=kc¼ djSr]
xfr iznku djSr ,djk ifj.kfr èkfj igq¡pkcSr vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 23
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl f'kYi&'kSyh Hkk"kk%&,dj ys[ku 'kSyh rrsd izokgiw.kZ vfN ts miU;kl i<+c ,d
csj 'kq: d;yk ij vUr èkfj igqpyk fcuq ikBdosQ¡ drgq pSu ufg HksVSr vfNA izR;sd
LFky ij ?kVuk vi?kVukd ljhd laoknl¡ izfriwfrZ miU;klosQ¡ ,dVk uo èkkjk iznku djSr
vfNA mi?kVuklHk rrsd mís';iw.kZ vk ewy dFkk ysy vifjgk;Z tdk¡ vfn ts ikBd lsgks
n`';Unj n`'; thoUr ?kVukosQ¡ nsf[k ikcSr vfN] vkRelkr dfj ikcSr vfNA ukV~; laoknd
lax&lax o.kZu&fooj.k fo'ys"k.k :FkkLFkku lHk izdkjd lw=kc¼rkd rduhd miU;kldkj
O;ogkjes vkuus NfFkuA
Hkk"kk fefFkykd mPp oxhZ; nykud Hkk"kk vfN] eqnk t[ku nfyr ifjos'kes ik=kd
Hkk"kk vkcSr vfN r[ku uSlfxZd :il¡ dFkkdkj Hkk"kkd iz;ksx d;us NfFkuA ckaxyk] laLÑr]
vaxzsth;ksd iz;ksxl¡ otZuk ufg d;us NfFku ts miU;kld Hkk"kkosQ¡ ikBdl¡ dusDV djSr
vfNA
mís';%&nqfu;kd ,fg HkhM+es O;fDr drsd vlxj Hk¿ tk,r vfNA lacaèkd ekyk
drsd dksey rkxes ckUgy gks,r vfN tdjk dusdks >ekjy xsykl¡ vksdj nkuk >j¿ ykxSr
vfN] fNfM+;k tk,r vfN ;Sg ns[kk;c izk;% miU;kldkjd mís'; NfuA
O;k[;k

(1) Lokeh NfFk rs ¡ ekl nw ekl dfg;ks nlks fnues vkfcd¿ viu fgLlk y¿ tkb
NfFk & ,dne vfèkdkjiwoZdA gegw¡ fojksèk djSr fN;fuA drcks vlg~; gks lHkVk lfg
tkbr Nh vks nqxZUèk] vks [kqjnqj Li'kZ vk vks Fkkdy pqdrh Hksy ikS:"kk tkfg fnu ifgy
csj vks lgus jgh] lkSals vkRek vk nsg fonzksg d¿ nsus NyA isQj lHkVkosQ¡ vH;kl Hk¿ xsy]
leVk lfg tkb Nh vkcA tfg;k ufg lfg gSr] rfg;k fdEgjks fonk Hk¿ tk;c] fdEgjks]
ddjks laxA
izLrqr dFkksidFku miU;kldkj izHkkl dqekj pksèkjh jfpr miU;kl ¶gejk yx
jgck¸d ifgy Hkkx ¶:ly tkbr lqXxh jkuh¸l¡ ysy xsy vfNA 'khykl¡ xIi djSr bZ
gqudj iS?k cghu ekykd mfDr NfUgA
lanHkZ%&t[ku 'khyk viu iS?k cghul¡ gqudj nkEiR;d lanHkZes iqNSr NfFku r[ku
csesy fookgd vfXues tjSr ,dVk ygkl tdk¡ viu fx¼ ifrl¡ ukspkcSr&fxtkcSr 'kjhj
vk vfLrRod izfr csckdh;¡ ekyk ,gu mfDr dgSr NfFkuA
HkkokFkZ%&ekykd firk ijaijk fuoZgu djSr rFkkdfFkr mPp dqyhu ?kjes viu iS?k
csVhd C;kg djSr viu firkd dÙkZO; laiUu d;yfu vk fcdkSvkosQ¡ viu tek; cukSyfu
eqnk i<+y&fy[ky ekyk osQ¡ fuiV xekj ykSyqi ifr jax&:i LoHkko vk O;ogkjl¡ dfg;ks
ufg uhd ykxyfuA gqudk eksues bZ xIi ?kj dfj xsyfu ts gqudj nkaiR; pkSiV Hk¿ xsy
Nyfu] thoud leLr liuk pwj Hk¿ xsy Nfu vks viu ifr ysy ek=k gqudj ;kSu&fiiklk
'kkar dj¿okyh pkedcuy f[kykSuk NfFkA firk Vdlky tdjk izR;sd ekl ywfV gqudj ifr
vfdapu cu;us tk jgy NfFkA firkyksdfu O;oLFkk vk lekt lkekthd uke ij viu
csVhosQ¡ cfy p<+k pqdy NfFkA cnySr ;qxes f'k{kkd dusdks; vlj iM+fy dU;klHkes ,fg
rjgd izfrjksèk LokHkkfod NyA ekrk&firkosQ¡ lsgks ,fg izdkjd csesy fookgd izfr lrdZ
jgckd pkgh eqnk nqHkkZX;l¡ dky fo'ks"kes drsd ekykd thou cckZn dfj nsy xsy NyA
24 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 dF;xr fo'ks"krk%& miU;kldkj cM~M csckdhl¡ ;FkkfLFkfrl¡ ikBdosQ¡ ifjfpr gejk yx jgc (miU;kl)&
djkcSr izR;sd mi?kVuk vk laoknes pkSdkcS NfFkuA laoknd ukV~;rk Hkfo";d ladsr nSr izHkkl dqekj pkSèkjh
vfNA cnySr ;qx vk ih<+hd oSpkfjd vUr }ZU}osQ¡ mn~?kkfVr djSr vfNA ,fg dFkksidFkues
rdj lqUnj >yd HksVSr vfNA Hkk"kk vk Hkkod lqUnj leUo; ,fgBke ns[kck ysy HksVSr
vfNA
vH;klkFkZ iz'u

1- miU;kldkj izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jhd ifjp; nSr gqudj o`Qfr lHkd fo'ys"k.k d:A
2- miU;kl gejk yx jgc osQj fo'ks"krkosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
3- uk;d iz.kod thou la?k"kZ ij izdk'k fnvA
4- ,fg miU;kld pfj=k lHkd fo'ys"k.k d:A

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 25
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl bdkbZ&4 vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj izksú Jh mekukFk >k

ikB&lajpuk
• dFkkdkj mekukFk >k
1- jgL; (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
2- t;Urh (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
3- thou la?k"kZ (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
4- nkEiR; (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
5- xke ?kjd xIi (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
6- izk;f'pr (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
7- vrhr (dFkk) vksdj rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;k[;k
• vH;klkFkZ iz'u
dFkkdkj mekukFk >k

eSfFkyh lkfgR; l¡ :fp j[kfugkj izksú mekukFk >kdk ukel¡ uhd tsdk¡ ifjfpr
NfFkA ;n~;fi mekukFk ckcwd dFkk laxzg ^js[kkfp=k* 1951 bZLoha es izdkf'kr Hksy ijarq
dFkkdkjd :ies bZ 1954 bZLoh es mfnr Hksy Nykg t[ku iVukd izcqn~/ eSfFkyh lekt
}kjk izdkf'kr eSfFkyh uohu lkfgR; es fgud ifgy dFkk izdkf'kr Hksy NyA ^vk/?kUVk*
^vksfgfnud jk=kh* ^ek/oth* bR;kfn fgud dFkk izdkf'kr gksbrs cgqr p£pr Hksy vk ,d
izkS<+ dFkkdjd :ies mekukFk ckcw izfrf"Br Hk* xsykgA
mekukFk ckcw dFkkdkjd vksfg oxZes vcSr NfFk ts ik'pkr lkfgR;d dFkkd Vsduhd
rFkk 'kSyhl¡ izHkkfor Hk* 1940 d ckn eSfFkyh es dFkk fy[kc izkjaHk d;yfuA js[kkfp=k es
laxzfgr dFkkl¡ bZ Li"V Hk* Hksy ts mekukFk ckcwd dFkk eSfFkyhlkfgR; es fy[ky tkbr
dFkk lHkl¡ fHk dksfVd gksbr vfNA euksoSKkfud fo'ys"k.k ,oa eu'psrukd vUrjkyl¡
izokfgr /kjk rFkk ioZnhfIr bR;kfn ts uohu rduhd dgcSN rdj iz;ksx lHkl¡ ifgus b,g
eSfFkyh dFkk es d;yfuA mekukFk ckcwd dFkk fpUru iz/ku ,oa nk'kZfud dksfVd gksbN
tkfg es ijEijkxr dFkk rRo tsuk dFkkud] pfj=k fp=k.k ,oa ?kVukd yksi tsdk¡ Hk* tkbr
vfNA euksfo'ys"k.kd ,fg rjgd izHkkoh iz;ksx vkb rd vku osQvks dFkkdkj eSfFkyh es
ufg d* ldykg vfNA dFkkes ik=kd vUr}ZU} ,oa la?k"kZd fp=k cgqr lgt] ljy ,oa Li"V
Hkk"kkes djckd fgud {kerk viwoZ vfNA ^vrhr* es ts dFkk le izdkf'kr vfN rdjk
fo"k; es mekukFk ckcw dgus Nykg ts bZ lHk (Command Performance) vfNA njHkaxk
jsfM;ksl¡ le;&le; ij dFkk dgckd gsrq vkeaf=kr d;y tkbr Nyfu ts f'k"Vrko'k rFkk
eSfFkyhd izfr viu izsed dkj.ksa vks vLohdkj ufg d* losQr Nykg vk ,fg rjgsa bZ lHk
dFkk fy[kkvksy xsy NyA ,fg es ,d dFkk ^vrhr* eSfFkyh dFkk lfjrk (eSfFkyh vdkneh
}kjk izdkf'kr) Hk*pqdy vfNA ,gw laxzges mekukFk ckcwd dFkk f'kYi&oSfp=k;] Vsduhd]
euksoSkKfud fo'ys"k.k rFkk nk'kZfud n`f"V iw.kZr% izLiQqfVr Hksy vfNA MkDVj nqxkZukFk >k
^Jh'k*d erl¡ ge iw.kZr% lger Nh ts ^ekul yksd ltho vks lw{e dFkk dgckd n`f"V,
26 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
vkbvks vks ,dljs NfFk*A bZ lR; ts fgud dFkk rsgu gYyqd ufg gksbr vfN ts Vªsu es vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
vFkok cles ;k=kk djSr osQvks fcuk rUe;rk osQ if<+d* cqf> fyv,A fu%lUnsg eSfFkyh dFkk izksú Jh mekukFk >k
lkfgR;d {ks=kes mekukFk ckcw ,d Js"B rFkk liQy dFkkdkjd :ies izflf¼ ivksus NfFkA bZ
dFkk lHk rkfg dksfVd vfN ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;d dFkk vU; dksuk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk es fyf[kr
ok fy[ky tkbr dFkkd led{k Bk<+ Hk* losQr vfNA
mekukFk ckcw tUe 1 tuojh 1823 bZLoh esa e/qcuh ftykd xgjSy xkees Hksy NyA
bZ ex/] fcgkj rFkk yfyrukjk;.k feJ fo'ofo|ky;es vaxzsthd vè;kid Nykg vk gkyses
fefFkyk fo'ofo|ky;d NfFkA ^fo|kifr xhr 'krh* (1972) d lEiknu lsgks d;us NfFkA
fucU/ rFkk vkykspukd {ks=kes lsgks fgud dk;Z iz'kaluh; jgy vfNA lkfgR; vdknehd
ijke'kZ eaMy rFkk eSfFkyh vdknehd dk;Z dkj.khd lnL;d :ies lsgks bZ eSfFkyhd
mYys[kuh; lsok d;us NfFkA bafM;u ,'kksfl,'ku vkWiQ baxfy'k LVMhtd lnL; lsgks vusdks
o"kZrd NykgA eSfFkyh vdkneh fgud ,fg NksV fNu dFkk laxzosQ¡ izdkf'kr d* izlUurkd
vuqHko d* jgy vfNA
dFkk trcs izkphu] y?kqdFkk lkfgR;d ,dfu"V fo/kd :ies vksrcs vokZphuA
dFkkosQ¡ Hkk"kkd le;qxhu dgc izk;% vR;qfDr ufg gks;rA ,d Hkk"kk 'kkL=khd ers¡ Hkk"kk
vu`rtkr fFkd] vFkkZr~ ,dj vkfo"dkj vkfn ekuo }kjk feF;k lwpuk nsokd fufeÙk Hksy
gks;rA vkvksj] dFkk ,oa bfrgkl es LFkwy Hksn r¡ b,g nsokd fufeÙk Hksy gks;rA vkvksj]
dFkk ,oa bfrgkles LFkwy Hksn r¡ b,g ts bfrgkl es lR; eqnk dFkk es dkYifud ?kVukd
fooj.k jgSr vfNA
lkfgR;osQ¡ ;fn l×pkj ekè;e ekuh r¡ dfg losQr Nh ts vksdj vkfn :i fooj.
kkRed jgy gks;rSdA (vkt vfHkO;fDr r¡ vkfn jpuk dfork :i usus gks;r) ijUrq dksugq
?kVukd (vks dkYifud gks ok ;FkkFkZ) fooj.k fofo/ Lo:id rFkk fHk vkdkjd (foLr`r
ok ladqfpr) Hk* losQr vfNA ?kVukd Øe] vksfges dk;Zdkj.k lEcU/] fooj.kd n`f"Vdks.k]
dFkkd mís'; bR;kfn fHkÂrkd dkj.k fofHk dkyes] fofHk ns'kes] ,dj Lo:i izHkkfor
HksySd vfN rFkk bZ fHkÂ&fHk uke l¡ vfHkfgr Hksy vfNA t¡ ¶fHkuh dFkosQ¡¸ NksfM+ nh r¡
y?kqdFkkosQ¡ fooj.kkRed lkfgR;d uohure fo/k dfg losQr NhA izkphu le; es Hkkjr
dFkk lkfgR;d {ks=kes ekxZ n'kZd jgy i×pra=k rFkk c`gRdFkkd vusd va'k Øe'k% iQkjlh]
vjch] ,oa ;wukuh Hkk"kkes vuwfnr Hk* ik'pkR; lkfgR;es izfo"V HksyA vksdj izHkko blid
^iQscqy*] ^vyhiQySyk* l¡ ^fMosQejkSu* rFkk ^osQUVjojh VsYl* rd n`f"Vxkspj gksbr vfNA
;wjksih; lkfgR;gq es vk/qfud y?kqdFkk ,duksV uo fo|k& miU;klgql¡ uohu&tdj
loZekU; ifjHkk"kk vn~;kof/ Lo:i ekSfyd Hksn vfN vksgh izdkjs ¡ NksVl¡ NksV mik[;ku
y?kqdFkkl¡ fHkUuA nkslj ckr bZ ts NksV vk iS?k 'kCn vkisf{kr rs ¡ y?kqdFkkd ykoo fo'ks"k
egRod ufg] oSf'k"V~; NSd vksjd Lo:iesA ,rck lR; ts vksdj izhkkodkfjrk fu'p; cgqr
va'kes vkdkj ij fuHkZj jgSr NSdA izHkkod rhozrk (intensity) y?kqdFkkd iz/ku y{; rFkk
,fg fufeÙk vkdkjosQ¡ ;Fkk laHko lhfer jk[kc ok×Nuh;A vk izk;% ,gh le dkj.ks ¡ y?kq
dFkk es?kVuk ,oa pfj=kd la[;k rFkk dkyd vof/ de jgSr NSdA dFkkd bZ vk/qfud
:i ik'pkR; ,fges dksugq lUnsg ufgA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 27
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl lEizfr fdNq 'krkCnh l¡ lHk {ks=k es izsj.kkd izokn if'pel¡ iwoZ jgy vfNA izxfr
'kCn Hk* Hksy vfN if'pe xfrd i;kZ;A lkfgR; ,dj viokn ufgA fdarq fefFkyk es
ifjoÙkZud xfr lnSo eUn jgy vfNA eSfFkyh lkfgR;;gq es vU; Hkkjrh; lkfgR;d vis{kk
ckn es vk/qfudrk vk;yA eSfFkyh lkfgR; ij vaxzsth lkfgR;d izHkko vksfg le; c<+
ykxy t[ku vaxzstd Hkkjr NksM+c fuf'prizk; Hk* xsy jg;A oÙkZeku 'krkCnhd pkfje
n'kdes t[ku ,fg iafDrd ys[kd y?kqdFkk fy[k* yxykg r¡ vk/qfudrkd vuqla/kues
;ksjksih;&fo'ks"kr% vaxzsth&dFkk lkfgR; l¡ izsfjr HksykgA ifj.kke&¶js[kkfp=k¸d y?kq dFkk
lHk ts vksfg le; vaxzsth lkfgR;l¡ vifjfpr ikBdosQ¡ y?kq dFkk lHk ts vksfg le;
vaxzsth lkfgR;lHk vifjfpr ikBdosQ¡ uohu cwf> iM+yfuA
vksfg le; ts uohu Ny ls vkc uohu ufg jgyA rs¡ f'kYid ok izfof/d n`f"V,¡
orZeku dFkklaxzg es ikBdosQ¡ dksuks uohurk HksVckd laHkkouk deA rs¡ t¡ ,d fn'k ^vfr
ifjp;knoKk*d Hk; r¡ nkslj fn'kuohud vfo'okld Hk;l¡ eqfDrA rs ¡ vk'kk vfN ikBd
yksdfud izfrfØ;k iwokZxzg izsfjr ufg gks;rA t¡ ,fg laxzgl¡ gqudk yksdfud FkksM+cgq
euksj×tu Hk* ldr r¡ ys[kd viukosQ¡ ÑrÑR; cq>rkgA
izLrqr laxzgosQ¡ eSfFkyh&vdkneh izdk'kukFkZ Lohdkj d;yd_ ,rnFkZ ,fg laLFkkd
izfr vkHkkj Kkiu ys[kdd lq[kn dÙkZO;A vk* ts dFkk loZ izFke vkdk'kok.kh }kjk izlkfjr
Hksy jg; vksdj iqLrdkdkj izdk'ku gsrq vkdk'kok.khd izfr ys[kdd ÑrKrkA
1- jgL; (dFkk)

^ciQZl¡ NkM+y igkM+h nqb xksV ik¡rhd chp fyîój unh ikFkjd VqdM+k lHkij upSr]
uqiwjd vR;Ur e/qj /qful¡ n'ks fn'kkosQ¡ HkjSr] ;kSoud fu'kkl¡ ekrfy] laxed gsrq vkxw
cf<+ jgy NyhgA mij ukÄV vkdk'k] [k:dkr viu gfjvjhl¡ vk¡f[kosQ¡ tqM+vksfugkj ikbu
o`{kd l/u ouA ikbud lqxfU/ vk ufnd laxhr eues fofp=k rjgd mRlqdrk Hkfj jgy
NyA lwvk tdk¡ iknud ikr] xkN rj lq[kk;y ikrd eksVxj xíhA vksghij xks"Bh tey
jg;A euksjeA -------------*
µ dh fy[kS Nh\
dksu d.Bl¡ cgjk;y Loj dksByhd fuLrC/rkes Budk tdk¡ BudyA
µ Mj Hksy\
igkM+h lksrkd ifo=k dydy vk fctqykSdkd nwVk ik¡rhA vk¡f[k es rjasxud pdedhA
ge fdNq {k.k pqi jgygq¡] fdNq dky vk¡f[kd iy ufg [kly isQj g¡l; yxygq¡A izR;{k
vks vizR;{k fofp=k tsdk¡ vks>jk xsy jg; tsuk fyîój unh lkdkj mifLFkr gksA ,gu lqUnj
unhd ,gu v/ykg uke osQ j[kydµ,fg izdkjd vusd iz'u eues mfBr;] eqnk orZeku
ifjfLFkfr es vlaHko NyA vkj ufg r¡ vf'k"V vo'; gksbrA rs ¡ t[ku dh fy[kS Nh*& bZ
iz'u nksgjkvksy xsy r¡ mÙkj nsc vko';d cq>uk xsyA
µ cqf<+vkd iQwflA
µ vlEHkoA vgk¡ us cqf<+vk Nh vk us iQqflvkgA
µ /U;oknA vgk¡ l¡ thrr\ eqnk ,dokjckyk osQ¡ lR;oÙkQk tfu cw>hA
cStw v;yk\
28 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 µ ufgA lSg dg* vk;y jghA vgk¡ pkg ih fyv*A gqudk drsd nsjh yxrfu osQ vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
tku;A izksú Jh mekukFk >k

oS|ukFk gej iqjku fe=kA nw o"kZ Ldwyes vk pkfj o"kZ dkWyst es lax i<+yA fdNq
fnu Nk=kkokles ,DosQ dksByh jghA chú,ú d ckn ge i=kdkj thou viuvksygq¡] cStw
chú ,ú ikl d* fookg d;yfuA ge ,eú,ú ufg if<+ ldygq¡ vks ufg i<+yfuA ,d
fnl lk/u nkslj fnl vko';drkd vHkkoA egk;q¼d le; vejhdh lsukd gsrq [kk|
lkexzh tqV;ckd Bhdk HksVSr jgyk l¡ cStw lqle`¼ Hk* xsykgA lklqjl¡ ts lEifÙk HksVyfu
ls vusd csj Hk* xsyfuA
µ gksr cqf<+;kd bZ iQwfl osQgu NSd\
^vks ,iQj*d IysV gejk fnl c<+cSr dkUrk iqNyfuA ftKklkd dkj.k osQoy
f'k"Vkpkj ufg NyA dkUrkosQ¡ lkfgR;es ;FkkFkZ vfHk#fp vk gej lkfgfR;d iz;Ru lHkd izfr
eeRoA gejk yksdfud lkfgR; pokZl¡ cStw d, csj vdPN Hk* xsy jgfFkA ,gus voljij
vks cgqvk ^vko';d dkt*d yk;d* ckgj py tkf;A rs ¡ gqudk le{k ge lk/kj.kr%
lkfgfr;d izlÄõ ufg mBkchA ge dkUrkd dkStwgyd fuokj.k d;y&
µdFkkoLrq r¡ cM+ iqjku NSd eqnk teZu dfo gsokd vuqlkj ,dj uohurkd vUr
ufg gksbr NSdA
µcq>y] cq>yA iQsj vks,g NkSaMk&NkSaM+hd xIiA gsokd tkfg dforkd izfr gej bafxr
ny ls dkUrkosQ¡ ifjfpr jgfu ls gejk cq>y Ny eqnk gqudk Lojes ts migkld xU/ jgfu
rkfg gsrq ge izLrqr ufg jghA bZ lR; ts vks gejkij oS;fÙkQd vk{ksi ufg d;us jgfFkA
ih-Vh- vkbZ-d dky d;ykd ckn ts vodk'k HksVSr vfN rkfges ge dfg;ks&dfg;ks xYi
fyf[k ySr Nh] eqnk gej xYi lHkd fo"k; izse ufg jgSr vfNA ij×p ,dj bZ dFkefi
vFkZ ufg ts fo'o lkfgR;es ts fpjLej.kh; dFkk le ,fg fo"k; ij fy[ky xsy NSd
rdjk ge gs; cq>Sr gksbA lcl¡ vk'p;Zd bZ dkj.k ts dkUrkd migkles gejk dVqrkd
cks/ HksyA ge mÙkj nsfyvfu&
µ t¡ lalkjd loZJs"B lkfgR;l¡ tdjk vgk¡ ^Nks¡M+k&Nks¡M+h osQ xYi* dgSr fN,sd
vksdjk gVk nhs r¡ ck¡dh dh lc jgr\ iwc ns[kwck ifPNe lcBke ,DosQ ckrA
µ ,rck r¡ ge ekuSr Nh ts izse lnSo la?k"kZd dkj.k jgy vfN------
µ vgk¡d vfHkizk; vfN ;kSu vkd"kZ.k l¡----
µ vk vgk¡d \
ckr dVSr dkUrk iqNyfuA gejk cq>ckes nsjh ufg ykxy ts vks ;q¼d gsrq izLrqr
NfFkA izfl¼ euksfo'ys"kd ÚvksbM ,oa ;qaxd xzaFk lHkd vks ,rsd vè;;u d;us gks;rhg
rdj gejk vk'kk ufg NyA vksrk r¡ lektd mPp Lrjd lc O;fDr lalkjd izfl¼ izkphu
,oa vk;kZphu lkfgfR;d] lÄõhrdkj] fp=kdkj rFkk fpUru vkfnd ukel¡ ifjfpr jgSr NfFk]
ijUrq lk/kj.kr% gqudk uke ek=kl¡ ifjp; jgSr NfuA fookgd ckn dvksyst NksM+u gqij
dkUrk i<+c&fy[kc ufg NksM+us jgfFk ijUrq ;|fi 'kkL=kkFkZd gsrqvks gjne rS;kj jgSr Nyhg]
rFkkfi gqud ckres vf/d xEHkhjrk ufg HksVSr Ny rs ¡ vk'p;Z HksyA nkslj vku fnuqdk
fooknl¡ vktqd fookn fHk cq>uk xsyA gqud Lojes mÙkstukd ys'k Li"V NyA rdj vFkZ
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 29
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl bZ ts okÙkkZykid fo"k;d izfr gqud #fp osQoy 'kkL=kh; ufg& O;fDrxrA rdZ ,fgl¡ vkxw
c<+ckes vleFkZ Ny] rs ¡ dYikud vkJ; ysc vko';dA eqnk ,gwl¡ fo'ks"k lgk;rk ufg
HksVyA dkUrk vks cStwd nkEiR;&thoues dksuks ckrd vis[kk ufg cq>uk tk;A dfg;ks nquw
xksVkes l¡ ddjks jks"kiw.kZ ckr djSr ufg lwuyA dkUrkd dksuks bPNk iw.kZ djckes cStwosQ¡
nsjh ugh yxfu] vk dkUrk vk/qfud fopkj/kjkl¡ ifjfpr rFkk lger jfgrgq¡ lrhRod
izkphu vkns'kosQ¡ d[kugq¡ fcljSr ufg cwf> iM+fFkA ,fg nEifÙkd thoud cká Lrj d[kugq¡
vkUnksfyr ufg cwf> iM+;A
r¡ dUrkd vktqd :id dh vFkZ\ izsed fo"k;es ijEijkxr vkn'kZoknh fopkj lHkosQ¡
djckes vkb fd,d vksj ,rsd rRij Nyhg\ rdZd lax Hkkod lfEeJ.k fd,d\ vk fd
bZ lc gej Hkze ek=k Ny\ euksfoKkud ejhfpdk izk;% gejk ,rsd cmvcSr NyA dkUrkd
thoud tkfg jgl;d mn~?kkVud gsrq ge ,rsd p×py Hk* xsy jgh rdj vfLrRo lSg
ufg jgSdA ,fg fo"k;es trsd vf/d lkph] fnekx rrsd vks>jk;y tk;A
bZ dgc O;FkZ ts fooknes ge ijkftr Hksygq¡& dkj.k gej è;ku fookn&fo"k;la cgqr
nwj pfy xsy NyA rs ¡ Øe'k% ge dkUrkd&lHk ;qfDrosQ¡ Lohdkj dj; yxygq¡A ge ekfu
ysygq¡&ts 'kjhj ek=k lR; fFkd_ vkRekd dksuks vfLrRo ufg_ izse vks oklukd Hksn Ñf=ke_
iq:"k LokFkZo'k 'kCnd eksgd tkyl¡ okLrfodrk osQ¡ ,rsd fnul¡ >¡ius Nykg&vkfnA xIid
izokges dkUrkosQ¡ vksdj -----------fclfj xsyfuA ge ts xIi fyc; ykxy jgh rdjk fo"k;es
gqudk ,Ddks jÙkh mRlqdrk ufg jgyfuA igyxked je.kh; i`"BHkwfeij tkfg izsexk;d
fp=k.k djckd gsrq ge oSly jgh] gejgq ,dne fclfj xsyA ge viu izgsfydkes vk
dkUrk viu oDr`rkes ,rsd ejr jgfFk ts cStwd eksVjd vkokt ufg lqufy,sdA è;ku HkÄõ
Hksy r¡ n[ky ts cStw gejk yksdfud xEHkhj eq[kkÑfrij eekosQ¡ g¡fl jgykg vfNA
ykm ge iapSrh d* nSr NhA fnoknd fo"k; lquh& ^lekd lEifÙk es-----* fg] fg]
An Idle man's brain is dexil's workshs? vk ,fg dkjokuk es lcl¡ vf/d x<+y tkb,
xIiA*
ifrd ifjgklij dkUrk eqlqd;yhg ijUrq vkb gqud fLefrd vFkZ cq>ckes dfBurk
HksyA vFkok bZ dgh ts vkb ifgy csj bZ Hkkr Hksy ys gqud b"kr~ g¡lhes eksuks xw<+ vFkZ fufgr
NfuA ,fg g¡l;h es gejk mis{kk vks fo"kkn~ nqf"Vxkspj HksyA ge lksdgq¡& vkUrkd thoes
dkSuks vHkko NfuA izk; cStw y{ehd lsokes rrsd O;Lr jgSr NfFk ts xqgy{ehd gsrq ;Fks"V
le; ufg n* losQr NfFkA cStwd cksf¼d Lrj dkUrk l¡ uhp& vlarks'kd izk;% b,g dkj.kA
dkUrk es?knwr if<+ d* lquc; yxSr gks;rhg r¡ Lokehd Hkkoghu eq[kkÑr l¡ vo'; nq%[k
gksbr gks;rfu vk t¡ eunk dkUrkd y;osQ¡ dfg;ks cStwd iQkasiQ rksfM+ nSr gks; ge fo'ks"k
iz;Ru d* viu fodkj lwcsosQ¡ rksM+ugq¡A osQgu ew<+ Nh* eksuosQ¡ dgyA dkUrk ifrd nkslj
I;kyh pkgus fpÂh fiycSr jgfFkA gqud vks"Bd LiqQj.kes jEHkk] esudk] moZlh] vorfjr Hk*
jgy NyhgA nkEiR; thoud bZ fp=k nsf[k gej euksoSKkfud gks;ckd ?keaM pwjHk* xsyA
vksfg fnud bZ ?kVuk vkbZ vk¡f[kd lkeus Li"V vfN] ijUrq eksaN jgcks djSr r¡
vksfgij r* rks nsckd bPNk ufg gksbrA dkj.k] bZ fot; ,gu vfN tkfges g"kZ ys'kek=k ufg
NSdA ^ge ts dgus jgh*d izyksHkul¡ c¡pc yksdd gsrq dfBu ijUrq d[kugq¡ ,guks ifjfLFkfr
vcSr NSd tkfges bZ ckr dgckd ,DdksjÙkh bPNk ufg gksbr NSdA gej fe=k&nEifrd
30 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
thou&/kjk lglk ,gsu eksM= ysrfu] ,d o"kZ iwoZ rdj osQvks dYiuk lsgks ufg d* losQr vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
NyA Hkkoh ?kVukd Nk;k ts ¡ iM+yks gks;rSdr¡ ls ddjgq y{; ufg HksySdA leqnzd iz'kkar izksú Jh mekukFk >k
o{kLFkyosQ¡ nsf[k cM+okuyd dYiuk djc dfBuA ge Hkfo";oÙkQk gks;ckd nEHk ufg djSr
NhA xr N&lkr ekld ?kVukØed iwokZHkkl gejk Hksvy jg; bZ dgo vlR; gks;rA ,rck
vo'; ts vfXud ts LiQqfyÄõ ikNw cM+okuyd :i ysyd rdj vfLrRod vLi"V vkHkkl
gejk vo'; HksVy jg;A O;kogkfjd n`f:Vl¡ ,fg Kkud dksuks egRo ufg jgSdA rs ¡ tkfg
dys'kdj ?kVuk fnl mQij y{; d;y vksdj gejk mQij dksuks mÙkjnkf;Ro ufg vfNA t¡
ge lUnsgosQ¡ lR; ekfu vo';EHkkoh oSeuL;d fpUrk ufg d* fdNq dfjrgq¡ rs ¡ izk;% ?kVuk
lewgd nkslj Ø; gksbrSdA ij×p ,dj dksuks fu'p; ufgA ,rck /fj fuf'pr ts t¡ gej
lansg HkzekRed fl¼ gks;r r nw ije fiz; O;fDrd lc izdkjsa lq[kk thoud¡ u"V djckd
ikid Hkkxh cfurgq¡A rs¡ gej nq%[kes i'pkrkid va'k v.kq ek=k ufg vfNA rs¡ bZ dFkk dgckd
è;s; us vkRee'kqf¼ vfN vk us vkReksfpr fl¼ djcA vk ?kVukd LFkwy:il¡ nSfud i=kd
lc ikBd yksdfu ifjfpr gks;rkgA oS;fDrd thobd fuxw<+re LFkkud ifo=krkosQ¡ lekpkj
i=kd d.kZfi'kkp yksdfu dksuks u"V djSr NfFk ls ge uhd tdk¡ tuSr Nh] dkj.k] /Sc
dgwck ifjfLFkfr gejgq bg o`fÙk viu;ckd gsrq ckè; d;ydA rs ¡ ,fg bfro`fÙkosQ vgk¡
izk;f'pr Lo:i cwf> r¡ ge ,rcs dgc ts bZ izk;f'pr viu ekid u fg ij×p viu
lc lgdehad lkewfgd ikidA
gej vfyf[kr dFkkosQ¡ NkSM+k&NkSM+hd xIi* dfg tfg le; dkUrk Vkfj nsus jgfFk
rkfg le; vks izk;% ufg tuSr Nyhg ts vks Lo;a ,fg izdkjd ^xIid ukf;dk Hk*
losQr NfFkA tkfg lc rdZd izgkj vks gejk mQij djSr Nyhg rdj nqcZyrkd fd gqudk
Kku jgSUg\ t¡ bZ lR; r[ku bZ,g dgc ts vks cgqr dq'ky vfHkus=kh Nyhg rFkk gqud
lEiw.kZ thou vfHku; ek=k NyfuA ij×p vUrLryd ckM+okuy vfuf'pr vof/ /fj gqudk
vkn'kZ iRuhd vfHku; ufg dj; nsydfuA ifj.kke loZfofnr vfNA lektosQ¡ izfrfcfEcr
d;fugkj i=kd LrEHk ys[kd yksdfu iQvksbMh; i¼fr l¡ ,fg ?kVkuk lewgd vè;;u]
fo'ys"k.k] leh{k.k d;yfuA iQyLo:i ts ?kVuk iwoZfuf'pr ifj#i (Pattern) es ufg
cSlyfu rdjk fodqr d* nsyfuA ;Fkk ,djks ys[kdd vuqlkj ,fg nq[kkUr ukVdd ,dek=k
dkj.k oS|ukFkd uiaqldRo (tdj izek.k nsc ys[kdosQ¡ vko';d ufg cwf> iM+yfu fd,d
r¡ izek.k jgcs ufg djfu)A nkslj ys[kdosQ¡ irk yxyfu ts dkUrkd pfj=k vkjEHkfgl¡ Hkz"V
jgfu] dvksyst es drsd ^yhyk* d;us jgfFk] ,oa ekr`Rod feF;k vkdka{kk l¡ oS|ukFkd
'kj.k ysyfuA ,oa izdkjs ¡ drsd dFkk x<+y xsy] dkUrkd /oy pfj=kosQ¡ vydrjk l iksry
xsyA rh[k&pks[k xIid izseh ikBd&ikfBdkd euksjUtu d* ys[kd izdk'kd viu&viu isV
HkjyfuA ts lc dkUrkd i;jd vks/kvksu ihckd ;ksX; ufg lsgks gqud mnkgj.k l¡ viu
xIiosQ¡ vyaÑr djfFk ok uhfr Nk¡VfFkA
ge vksfg le; Hkkjrh;&lkaLÑfrd e.Myd lÄõ pksu xsy jghA ,d fnu ^dqcsy*
HksVy 'Kanta. no. more' (vkc dkUrk ufg jgyhg) ge dk"Vor] Hk xsygw¡A tkfg 'kjhj
esa fctqyhd p×pyrk jgSd vks fuLiUn Hk* tk;r rdj dYiuk djc dfBu vfNA fo'ks"k
fooj.kd gsrq drsd xksVk osQ¡ fy[kfy,fu eqnk vusd izdkjd mÙkj HksVy vk lc vlarks"k
tudA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 31
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ,rck cq>ck ck¡dh ufg jgy ts gqud e`R;q jgL;ghu ufg jgfu ijUrq gR;k&vkRegR;k
bZ lc dh lqfu jgy Nygq¡A dkUrkd ljy] fu'Ny O;ogkj gqud lfLer eq[kkÑfr vk¡f[kd
lkeus jfg&jfg d* vkc;A phu ;k=kkd vfUre lIrkg dksuk fcry ls ufg tkfuA ns'k vcSr
nsjh ,fg nq%[kn lekpkjd fo"k; es lc ckrd irk yxkc; yxygq¡& yxsckd ps"Vk d;ygq¡
lSg dgc lR; gks;r] dkj.k ,[kugq /fj dkUrkd e`R;q izgsfyosQ cuy vfN vfo'okl gejk
osQoy ,d ckrd Ny&vks bZ ts dkUrkd thoud fo"k;es ts&ts xIi iljy Ny ls lc
U;qukf/d vlR;A ge ,[kugw¡ ufg tuSr Nh ts dkUrk vkRegR;k d;yfu] ok cStw gqudk
fo"k] nsyfFku] ok /ks[kk l¡ fo"k [kksvk xsyfuA ge ufg dfg losQr Nh ts cStw fd,d crkg
Hksykg&'kksd l¡ ok Xykfu l¡A ge ,rcs dfg losQr Nh ts ,d nw volj ,gsu mifLFkr Hksy
jg; t[ku gejk bZ lUnsg Hksy ts vks nwuq vkn'kZ xksV, nEifrd vfHku; ,rsd dq'kyrkiwoZd
d* jgy Nykg ts vfHku; osQ¡ thoud ;FkkFkZ :i cq>; yxykg ijUrq okLroes vks ,d
nksljd ysy vuqi;qDr jgfFk] rFkk vkn'kZ ikyu djckd iz;Ru es viu O;fDrod guu
d* jgy NykgA ,d us ,d fnu ,fg vke izoapukd vlã gks;c fuf'pr Ny&vk rdj
ifj.kke uhd ufg Hk* losQr NyA ijUrq ukVdd vfUre iVk{ksi ,rsd 'kh?kz Hk* t;rSd
rdj dYiuk djc lEHko ufg jg;A
dkUrkd ej.k&vFkkZr~ thoud&jgL;d mn~?kkVu djckd ys cSrygw¡ r¡ ijUrq leL;k
tsgus Ny rsgus vfNA dkUrkd fo"k;es trsd xIi pyy rkfg es vf/dka'k diksy dfYirs
Ny& bZ ckr ge tksj n* osQ¡ dfg losQr NhA dkj.k] dkUrkd cká thoud dksuks ckr
gejk vKkr ufg jg;A rs ¡ ts yksdfu ysMh p,VyhZd mnkgj.kd vk/kj ij dkUrk vks gqud
Mªkbojd jksekUld l`f"V dk;yfu vfN gqudk feF;ek"kh dgykes gejk ,dksjÙkh rkjrE;
ufg HksyA ijUrq ,fg udkjkRed lR;d fudV r¡ vo'; igq¡pk ekxZ l¡ eqnk vksdjks izkIr
djc nq:gA dkUrk thou l¡ vlUrq"V Nyhg bZ dgc lks> ij×p vlUrks"k dkj.k rkdc
lks> ufgA ifr lqUnj] f'kf{kr] le`¼A nEifrd thou es ijiq#"k ok ijL=khd Nk;k ufg
djy jg;A cS|ukFk es Lusgd vHkko ufg jgfu] vk viu iRuhosQ¡ cgqr vknjd n`f"Vl¡
ns[kzfFkA ,fg l¡ vf/d dksuks L=kh dh ekfÄ losQ vfN\ ,fg iz'ud lehphu mÙkj dkUrk
jfgrfFk r¡ fnrfFkA gqudk thou es dksuks oLrqd vHkko jgfu rkfges gejk r¡ ufg, vkuks
de O;fDrosQ¡ lUnsg gks;rfuA ijUrq ,fg vekod ifjHkk"kk ge ufg n* losQr Nh vk us
ge b,g dfg losQr Nh ts bZ vlUrks"k ,d fnu ,rsd Hk* tk;r ts vkRegR;kd izsj.kk
nsrA ¹r[ku vgk¡d ,rsd le; ge fd,d ysy lSg us dgcA ,dj&mÙkj ge ifgufg n
pqdy NhA nkslj] dusd ps"Vk d;ykl¡ gej dFkkd lkjka'k cqf> tk;cAº vk lkjka'k bZ ts
thoues cgqr ,gu vks>jk;y rU=k HksVr tdjk dksuks fl¼kUr fo'ks"k }kjk ufg lks>jk&vksy
tk losQr vfNA
,rsd dky/fj&viu fo"k;es fdNq dgckd yksHk laaoj.k d;us jgh] ijUrq ns[kSr Nh
ts vgk¡ yksdfud dkSrwgyd&fuo`fÙk djfg iM+r gej ,dVk lgdehZ cgqr >k¡iy rksiy
Hkk"kkes fy[kyfu ts cStw dkUrkd nq%[kkUr ukVdes nq"V uk;dd Hkwfedk gejfg NyA ,fg
prqj lgdehZd moZj efLr"kes bZ ckr osQuk mByfu ls vks,g tkufFkA gqud vk{ksi gqudj
viu uhp eukso`fÙkd |ksrd fFkdA dkUrkl¡ gejk ?kfu"Brk Ny vo'; ijUrq cStwd eS=kh
vksfgl¡ cgqr vf/d iqjku vk vksrcs ifo=kA viuk fo"k;es ge ,rcs dgc ts ts O;fDr bZ
cq>Sr NfFk ts ge cStwd lax vksgu fo'okl?kkr d* losQr Nygq¡ ls gejk ufg fpUgSr NfFkA
32 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 mfg nq%[kn izlÄõosQ¡ vkvksj vf/d ufg c<+k;cA ,d csj iQsj ,rcs dgc ts dkUrkd vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
thou ifo=k jgfu] ls ufg jfgrfu r¡ izk;% vksdj vle;es vUr ufg gksbrSdA ^izk;%* dgSr izksú Jh mekukFk >k
Nh dkj.k ekuo thoud izlÄõ dksuks ckr fuf'pr :il¡ dgc dfBuA
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&nkaiR; thoud nq%[kn vard bZ dFkk viu 'kh"kZds tdk¡ d,dVk jgL; NksfM+ tk,r
vfNA dFkkes ewyr% rhuVk ik=k vfN&ys[kd] dkUrk vk gqudj ifr cS|ukFkA cS|ukFk ys[kdd cky laxh
NfFku vk gquwes cM~M ?kfu"Vrk NfuA ;Sg ?kfu"Vrk LokHkkfod :il¡ gqudj iRuh dkUrksl¡ Hk¿ tk,r NfuA
oS|ukFk ,dVk ;ksX; vk èkuk<~; O;olk;h NfFk vk dkUrk i<+y&fy[ky lq?kj x`fg.khA oS|kukFk vk dkUrkd
nkaiR; thou lektd chp vkn'kZ nkaiR;d mnkgj.k NyA dkUrk okD~iVq] lkfgR; es vfHk:fp jk[k¿okyh
L=kh NyhgA cM~M thoar&g¡leq[kA ys[kdl¡ lsgks gqudk cM~M uhd lacaèk NyfuA ,d csj ys[kd Hkkjrh;
lkaLÑfrd eaMyd lax phu xsy NykgA ,d fnu gqudk dscqy HksVyfu Kanta no more (dkUrk vkc
ufg jgyhg)A ys[kd ysy bZ lekpkj cM~M d"Vizn NyfuA t[ku vks ?kqfj viu izsld vkWfiQl] v;ykg
r¿ vkWfiQld LVkiQ lHk l¡ dkUrk vk cS|ukFkd lanHkZ es vusd [kcfj HksVyfu fdNq lR; fdNq iqQflA
ys[kd cM~M vk'p;Zl¡ lHkVk lekpkj lquSr&cq>Sr jgykgA fd;ks dgfu ts dkUrk cnpyu NyhgA gqudk
Nk=k thousl¡ ,d,d Vk izse lacaèk NyfuA fd;kS dgs ts cS|ukFk uiaqld NykgA dkUrk vkRegR;k d;yhg
ok gqudj gR;k d;y xsyfu ls Li"V ufg NyA eqnk cS|ukFk ij viuh iRuhd gR;kd vkjksi ykxy
NyA cS|ukFk crkg Hk¿ xsy NykgA vk ,fg chp ys[kd yx bZ jgL; [kqtyfu ts cS|ukFkosQ¡ ys[kd vk
dkUrkd chp voSèk lacaèk Nyfu vk ,fg vfHk;ksxd >dM+kd ifj.kfr Ny dkUrkd gR;k ok vkRegR;kA
bZ jgL; lqfurfg ys[kd vkokd Hk¿ xsykgA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&ys[kd Lo;a ,fg dFkkd dsUnzfcUnq es NfFk] eqnk dkUrk vk
gqud ifrd pfj=k cky&O;ogkjes ts izdV gks,r vfNA ls vkxw tkosQ¡ Nykok lkfcr gks,r
vfN vk tsgu pfj=k ys[kdd le{k yksdlHkd eq[kl¡ izdV gks,r Nfu ls ys[kdosQ¡ gr~izHk
djSr NfuA tkfg lq{erkl¡ ys[kd ,fg rF;d vUos"k.k djSr NfFku ls ys[kdd jpuk
dkS'ky fN;fuA pfj=k&fp=k.k vk ik=kd lexz ekalyrk dFkkdkjd izk;% dFkkes ikBdosQ¡
dFkkl¡ tksM+Sr vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&jksekafVd dFkkes ys[kd viu n{krk d,d csj izekf.kr d;us
NfFkuA euksfo'ys"k.kkRed Lrj ij lsgks cM~M lq{erkl¡ dFkkd lw=k ikBdosQ¡ idM+k nSr
NfFkuA o.kZu 'kSyh lax&lax rF;d fo'ys"k.k fgud dFkkd lHkl¡ fof'k"V i{k vfNA ,fg
dFkkes rdjk ns[ky tk ldSr vfNA dFkkd iwjk dSuokl tsuk dksuks fp=kdkj dwph tdk¡
jax HkjSr vfNA fgudj Hkk"kk fefFkykd eè;eoxhZ; ifjokjd ukxjh; ifjos'kd Hkk"kk vfNA
tkfges ;FkkLFkku vaxzsth] fgUnh vkfnes lsgks laokn HksVSr vfN ts dFkkosQ¡ vkj uSlfxZd
cukcSr vfNA ,fg dFkkes lsgks rdj >yd HksVSr vfNA
mís';%&ijaijkxr :il¡ dFkkd ewy i{k euksjatu jgy vfNA eqnk vkèkqfud dFkkdkj
yksdfu] lkekftd lqèkkj] lkekftd ifjorZu,¡ ckgj fudySr tkfg rjgs ¡ nkaiR;d vyx&vyx
fp=k mifLFkr djSr ikBdd vfHk:fp c<+kcSr NfFk vksfgl¡ dFkklHk tsuk thoud vusd
lanHkZd mn~?kkVu djSr nkaiR;d lkeatL;ues lsgks ykxy jgSr NfFkA bZgks dFkk yxHkx vksfg
èkkjk ij pySr vfNA ts nkaiR;d ns[kkck vk ;FkkFkZd chp lsrq LFkkfir djckd lus'k nSr
vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 33
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
O;k[;k

,rsd dkyèkfj&viu fo"k;es fdNq dgckd yksHk laoj.k d;ys jgh ijUrq ns[kSr Nh ts vgk¡yksdfud
dkSrwgy&fuo`fÙk ij fg iM+r gej ,dVk lgdehZ cgqr >k¡iy rksiy Hkk"kkes fy[kyfu vfN ts
cStw dkUrkd nq%[kkUr ukVdes nq"V uk;dd Hkwfedk gejfg NyA ,fg pqrj lgdehZd moZj
efLr"des dsuk mByfu ls vks,g tkufFkA gqud vk{ksi gqudj viu uhp eukso`fÙkd |ksrd fFkdA
dkUrkl¡ gejk ?kfu"Vrk Ny vo'; ijUrq cStwd eS=kh vksfgl¡ cgqr vfèkd iqjku vk vksrcs
ifo=kA viuk fo"k; es ge ,rcs dgc ts ts O;fDr bZ cq>Sr NfFk ts ge cStwd lax vksgu
fo'okl?kkr d* ldSr Nygq¡ ls gejk ufg fpUgSr NfFkA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd dFkklaxzg ^vrhr*d ¶jgL;¸ 'kh"kZd
dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fges dFkkdkjd Lo;a dgy xsy mfDr mn`r vfNA
lanHkZ%&dFkkdkjd ?kfu"B fe=k cStwd iRuh dkUrk e`R;qd lanHkZes ts lHk xIi
mfM+ jgy Ny ls ys[kd osQ¡ vfo'oluh; ykfx jgy Ny [kkldfjosQ¡ dkUrkd pfj=k ij
vfHk;ksx vk vares gqud lgdehZ }kjk dkUrkd gR;k ok vkRegr;kd dkj.k t[ku ys[kd
vk dkUrkd voSèk lacaèkosQ¡ osQ¡ dgy tk,r NfUg r[ku ys[kd fopfyr Hk¿ tk,r NfFk
vk dkUrk vk viuk chp ,dVk ifo=k lacaèk jgckd rdZ nSr NfFkuA
HkkokFkZ % dFkkdkj Lo;a ij fe=krkes fe=klax Ny djckd vfHk;ksx l¡eekZgr NfFk
ys[kd ,dVk laHkzkar O;fDr NfFk vk laHkkar O;fDr ij t[ku pkfjf=kd yka{k.kk ykxS vfN
r[ku gqudk ykxS Nfu ts gqudj leLr vfLrRo iz'ufpfUgr Hk¿ xsy gksA ys[kdosQ¡ lsgks
,gus ykxS NfuA cStwd iRuh dkUrkl¡ gqudj lacaèk vkidrk vk fe=krkd Nyfu (fe=kd
iRuhl¡ ,gu lacaèk LokHkkfod gks,r vfNA uhp eukso`fÙkd yksdosQ¡ bZ vknr gks,r vfN ts
izr;sd leO;Ld L=kh&iq#"kd chp izxk<+rkes pkfjf=kd nks"k utfj vkcS NfuA vk{ksi yxkcSr
dky <hB tdk¡ vks ckr cukcS NfFkA dFkkdkjosQ¡ viu lgdehZd bZ uhp eukso`fÙkd vkjksi
fgykosQ¡ jkf[k nSr NfUgA funksZ"k yksdosQ¡ vukok';d vk{ksil¡ ts d"V Hk¿ ldSr vfN rdj
LokHkkfod fu:i.k dFkkdkj ,r¿ d;us NfFkuA
dF; oSf'k"V~;%&dFkkdkj viu dFkkes O;fDrxr lacaèk vk oSpkfjd vUr}ZU}osQ¡ cM+
lw{kerkl¡ izLrqr djckes fl¼gLr NfFkA ,fgBke lsgks oSg oSpkfjd vUr}U} vfHkO;aftr
gks,r vfNA ljy&lgt izokge; Hkk"kkes dFkkdkj ikBdl¡ cdFkkosQ¡ cgq uhd tdk¡ tksM+Sr
NfFkuuA Hkk"kk fefFkykd eè;oxhZ; ifjokjd uxjh; ifjos'kd vfNA

34 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
2- t;Urh (dFkk)
izksú Jh mekukFk >k
xkbd xkscj l¡ uhiy rqylhd pkSjkrj] dk¡p ekfVd NksV&NksV nhi vUgkjl¡ yM+ckes
rjsxu vks Hkxtksxuhd lgk;rk d* jgy vfNA NksV&Nhu nhi] FkksM+ cgqr fi?kyy ?kh] uo
lwrd VsehA dk¡p ekfV eg¡d ikfu Vsed fpV~&fpV~ 'kCn }kjk viu vfLrRo fl¼ d* jgy
vfN& Tokykd izfr{k.k c<+Sr 'kfDrd fo#¼ la?k"kZes fry&fry d* viu thou u"V d*
jgy vfNA ?keSr ?khl¡ mUeÙk nhif'k[kk eksgkfHkHkwr irÄõosQ¡ viu vfyÄõu l¡ HkLe*d jgy
vfNA rqylhnyd vknzZrk dFkhd lwpd fFkd\
pkfje ik¡rhd vfUre nhiosQ¡ ckf<+] gkFkes mTtj vk¡pj y& rqylhosQ¡ iQsj ,d csj
iz.kke d* t;Urh mByhgA fpjlkSHkkX; nsfugkfj fo".kq fiz;k rqylhl¡ vks vfxyk tUed
gsrq lksgkxd izkFkZuk d;yfu ok ufg osQ dfg losQr vfN\ dkfrd ekl rqylhd xkN
rj nho tjk;c izR;sd fgUnw L=khd dÙkZO; fFkosQd& t;Urh ,fg dÙkZO; ikyu d* jgy
NyhgA izfro"kZ dkfrd vcsr Ny] nho tjSr Ny] dhM+k&edksM|k tjSr Ny] t;Urhd
v{k; thoud ,d o"kZ lekIr Hk* tkbr NyA vks rrsd fnul¡ thoud Hkkj ogu d* jgy
Nyhg ts vkc r¡ ,fg Hkjd vfLrRod lsgks gqudk Lej.k ufg jgfuA Lo;apkfyr ;U=kor~
gqud thou fcrSr NyfuA
rqylhosQ¡ lk¡> nSr dky cgq/k t;UrhosQ¡ vrhrd Lej.k gksbfrA iS?k vkaxud nf{k.k
iwoZ dks.kes itsckd csl mQ¡p rqylhd pkSjk] pqusVy] ';kerqylhd le`¼ xkN] vksegj
vkdk'knhi tjk eksy tk; ,Egj vkaxud lc yksd pÄsjk ok Fkkjhes nhiy* rqylhd pkSjk
fnl vxzlj gksv;A vkJed dqekfj lc lsgks uhd ?kj&oj gksv; rdj dkeukus lk¡>
nsfFkA yky ihvj ?k?kjh ifgjus pqDdh&ekyh Hksfy usuk lces t;Urh lsgks jgfFkA ;|fi
gqudk yksdfuosQ¡ vksfg le; uhd ?kj&ojd vFkZ ufg yxfu rFkkfi rqylhosQ¡ lk¡> nso csl
euyXxw [ksy cwf> iM+fu rs ¡ [kwc mRlkgiwoZd nhi cukcfFk] ?kh&ckrhd vksfjvkvksu djfFk
vks Ne&Ne d* lcls¡ vkxwvfg rqylhd pkSjk yx mifLFkr gksfFkA
?k?kjhd ckn ?k?kjh&osQ¡pqvk vk* rdj ckn ?kks?kVkd iVksjA rkfg fnud ?k?kjhckyh
ekrkegh&firkegh Hk* xsyhgA fefFkykd moZj Hkwfees ,d ih<+h l¡ nkslj ih<+h gksbr fo'ks"k
le; ufg yxSr NSdA /eZ vks lekt nquwd ,fges lgk;rk] r[ku t¡ ddjks dksf[k [kkyh
jfg xsyfu r¡ gqud viu nqHkkZX;d nks"kA t;Urhd l[kh&cfguik] ljkSrk] lqikjh lHkd
thoud /kjk ijEijkxr ekxZ /;ydfuA 10&11 o"kZes fookg] 15&16 o"kZes lUrkuA dkSek;Z
vks ekr`Rod chp ljLorhd /kjkd leku ;kSouA vle;es ikfjokjd mÙkjnkf;Rod HkkjA
ijUrqd t¡ t;Urh ;kSou dksuks le; yksdosQ¡ fuLlhe cwf> iM+Sr jgSd r¡ vksdjk fo/
krkd Ñik ufg] dVq migkl dgy tk losQr NyA tkfg fnu ^lw&Hk,&gks* d lax gqud
lkSaFk Hkjr xsyfu rkfg fnu ts ¡ gqud ckY;koLFkk lekIr Hk* xsy jgSr r¡ izk;% gqud thoud
bfrgkl fHk gksbrA ijUrq xkSjh] jksfg.kh t¡ lksgkfxuh gksfFk r¡ gqudk ifgy olUres Írqjktd
dksuk n'kZu gsrfu\ vk t;Urh lksgkx osQoy nw clUr ns[kydfuA nw cgqr NksV olUrA rdj
ckn jklHkokfguhd (nsohd) dksiA ,d fnu t;Urhd ygVh iQksfM+ nsy xsyfu] gqud flUnwj
iksfN nsy xsyfuA vksfg fnu vks dkuy vo'; jgfFk eqnk vksfg voljd xq#rkd iw.kZ Hkku
gqudk ufg Hksy jgfuA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 35
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl tfgvk bZ Hkku Hksyfu rfgvk thoud vks ifjPNsn /wfey gksv; ykxr NyfuA
Kku&ijku Hksykd ckn osQvks ^lkSHkkX;orh Hko* ufg dgydfuA jaxy diM+k osQgu yxSr
NSd ls gqudk eu ufg jgfuA izlk/ud dksuks oLrqd mi;ksx viuks gsrq ufg d* ldy
jgfFkA vkjEHkes gqudk l/ok vks fo/okes osQoy b,g vUrj cwf> iM+fuA ijUrq vKkurkd
bZ lq[kn le; vf/d fnu ufg Bgfj ldyA dkyØes Kku Hksyfu vk r[ku vks cq>yfu
ts lalkjd cgqr jkl lqyHk oLrq gqudk gsrq ufg cuy NyA
,fg Kkul¡ ts vksfg oLrq lHkd vkd"kZ.k'kfDr de Hk* tkbr r¡ ,dVk ckr gksbrA
ij×p yksdd n`f"Ves fuf"k¼ oLrq lHkd ewY; vkvksjks cf<+ tkbr NSdA vk t¡ vks lgtfg
izk; gks r¡ vksdj yksHk laoj.k djc vR;Ur dfBu Hk* tkbr NSdA t;Urh dksuks lqdjkr r¡
Nyhg ufg ts vko';drk de djckd ,fg voL;kd Lokxr ufg dfjrfFk r¡ de&l¡&de
vksfgl¡ lUrq"V /fj jfgrfFkA r¡ t;UrhosQ¡ viu vfHk'kIr thoud vkjEHkes nq%[kd lcl¡
iz/ku dkj.k b,g jgfu ts gqudk viu o;ld vku yksdl¡ fHkUu vkpj.k djFk iM+fu vk
t ,fg fHkUurkd dkj.kd vUos"k.k djfFk r¡ la{ksi es mÙkj HksVfu& ^rksgj HkkX; iQqVyNg*]
vFkok ^rks ¡ djet: Ng*A ^lw;Zd Vhdk Hkkuq* eqnk bZ NkfM+ vkj mik; dksu\ n'k o"kZd
fo/okosQ¡ oS/O;d Li"V vFkZ cq>;ckd d"Vnk;d dk;Z osQ djc\
t;Urhd gsrq t¡ le;d izokg vksgh le; cUn Hk* tkbr] t¡ vks cjkcfj n'ks o"kZd
jfg tbrfFk r¡ cgqr ekufld d"Vl vks ck¡fp tbrfFkA eqnk ls r¡ lEHko ufgA iQyLo:i
t;Urh dkyØes le£Fk Hk* xsyhgA le;d }kjk vkuy ifjoÙkZu Øfed jfgrgq¡ vksdj
Kku yksdosQ¡ ,dk,d gksbr NSdA t;UrhosQ¡ ,d fnu lglk ioues ekndrk cwf> iM+yfu]
dksbyhd cksyh osQoy eqgs ¡ nqlckd oLrq ufg jgy] ifgys&ifgy xqykcd lkSun;Zd Hkku
Hksyfu] vk vx&izR;xes fofp=k izdkjd dldlhd vuqHko gksv; yxyfuA olUrd ifgy
Li'kZl¡ t;Urhd jkse&jkse iqyfdr Hk* mByfuA lglk gqudk viu thoues ,d izdkjd
fjÙkQrkd vuqHko HksyfuA cqf> iM+; yxyfu ts lc fdNq vNSr fdNq ufg vfNA Øe'k%
bZ vfuoZpuh; vHkko vf/dkf/d Li"V gksbr xsy] rFkk vksgh vuqikres t;UrhosQ¡ viu
foo'krkd cks/ gksv; yxyfuA
lkekftd cU/ud bZ fo'ks"krk gksbr NSd ts tk /fj vksfgij cy ufg iM+hd] tk
/fj tkft&cwf>osQ¡ ck vutkues vksdjk rksM+ckd iz;Ru ufg d;y tkvks euq";osQ¡ vksdj
vfLrRod Kku ufg gksbr NSdA lekftd ifjf/ y{e.k&js[kk tdk¡ 'kfDr'kkyh ij×p vksgwl¡
lw{e gksbr vfNA ,djk osQvks nsf[k ufg losQr vfN] eqnk vfrØe.k djckd iz;kl dfjrfg
rdj vfLrRo Kku e* tkbr NSdA
t;UrhosQ¡ ,fg vn`'; js[kkd vfrØe.kd volj dfg;ks ufg HksVyfuA tkfg ifjokjes
viu lUrkugqd izfr Lusg izn'kZu 'kkyhurkd dehd lwpd cw>y tkbr Ny] tr; lw;Zd
btksr esa viu iRuhd e¡qg ns[kc vlEHko Ny vksr* ^jksekUl* d izos'k vR;Ur dfBu
NyA rs ¡ t;Urhd le{k dksuks izcy izyksHku ufg vk;yfuA iQyr% dFkkdkjd n`f"V es
gqud thoud dksuks ewY; ufg jgSdA vksdj fo'ks"krk jgSd vlk/kj.k ,djlrkA fo/krk
gqudk ^rsfguks fnolkxrk* dgckd volj ufg nsyfFkuA gqud thoud lc fnu cgqewY;
36 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
eksrhd leku ,d vkdkjd] ,d jax jgfu] Hksn ,rc, ts ,fg ekykd ewY; ckfl iQwyd vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
ekykd lekuA izksú Jh mekukFk >k

t;UrhosQ¡ f'k{kk HksVy jgfu osQoy vkJeh dktdA Hkkul vks uhd djfFk] gqud
Vdqjhd lwrl¡ esgh Vksyes ddjks lwr ufg gksbd] /qj[kqj fy[kckes vks dVq] xkslkvksfud
xhrl¡ Mgdfu /fj lc xhr vks uhd tdk¡ xkcfFk] eqnk ik;h&i=kkl¡ gqudk dksuks ljksdkj
ufgA dkjh v{kj gqudk gsrq ^HkSal cjkcfj*A gqud vfHkkHkkodd dF; ts v{kjd Kkul¡ ekSxh
O;kfHkpkfj.kh Hk* tk;r] ij&iq:"kosQ¡ i=k fy[kr vkfnA rs¡ t;Urhd lalkjd ifjf/ cgqr
NksV jgfuA bukj eg¡d csÄd lalkjl¡ fdNq, iS?k t;Urhd lalkj jgfuA
bukjes Tokj HkkVk ufg vcSr NSd] us vksfges ckM+okuyd laHkkouk] ijUrq dksuks
[kqjyqPoh usuks t¡ <svk&ctsok [krk nSr NSd r¡ izk;% bukjd csÄosQ tkbr NSd ts i`Fohd
fouk'k Hk* jgy vfNA t;Urhd thou ,gh izdkjs lEehfyd ufg Hksyls ufg] ij×p ,fg
ckrd Kku ddjgq ufg HksySdA gqud vUrLrd HkkoosQ¡ cq>ckd ddjk dksu iz;kstu jgSd\
tk /fj ijEijkxr vpj.klafgrk vks v{kj'k% ikyu djSr jgfFk rk /fj gqud vfLrRod
Kku ek=k HkkX;fgr¡ ddjks gksbdA
viu thoud mís';d fo"k;es vks dfgvks ufg lkspyfu] lektd fu;ed vks
vkykspuk ufg d;yfu] /ekZ/eZd vks fopkj ufg d;yfu& ,fg lc dk;Zd {kerk gqudk
ufg NyfuA vks dksYgqd cjn tdk¡ pySr jgyhg] pySr jgyhg] pySr jgyhgA thoud
Hkkj ogu djSr&djSr gqudk Byk tdk¡ ifM+ xsy jgfuA vks ^Lo;a&pkfyr ;U=kor~ Hk* xsfy
jgfFkA ij×p euq"; dFkefi ;U=k ufg Hk* losQr vfNA vksdj ân; ikFkjd leku Hk* losQr
NSd] ij×p ikFkj ufgA oS/O;d fgel¡ ;kSoud Tokyk ncy jgy] eqnk vUrLryosQ {kkjd*
nsydA eqnk fgeky;d vUrTokZykd vkb /fj ddjk vkHkkl HksVySd vfN\
rqylhosQ¡ lk¡> nSr dky t;Urh cgq/k viu thoud flagkoyksdu djfFk] viu
l[kh& cfguikd thoul¡ viu thoud rqyuk djfFkA vrhrd ts fp=k dfgvks oÙkZeku
ufg Hk* ldy] ts osQoy lEHkkouuk ek=k jfg xsy* vksdj Lej.k d* eues dpksV gksbfuA
ijUrq r¡ v?kfVrd fpUru d"Vizn Ny r¡ vksfgl¡ ,dizdkjd vkuUn lsgks gksbfu& ;|fi
,fg vkuUnd ifjHkk"kk vR;Ur dfBuA rs ¡ rqylhd ifjØek djSr dky t;Urhd vk¡f[kl¡
ts nw Vk eksrh [kfl iM+y vks dksu Hkkod izrhd Ny ls osQ tuSr Ny!

dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&bZ dFkk vfN ,dVk ckyfoèkok t;Urhd ts viu ek;&ckid euksjFkd

f'kdkj] Hk¿ xsyhgk fefFkykes cky&fookgd dqizFkk Ny tr¿ 9&11 o"kZd chp csVhd C;kg
gks,r Ny vk laxfg foèkok&fookg&fu"ksèkd dBksj fu;e tkfgl ¡ ts dU;k des c;les
foèkok Hk¿ tk,r Nyhg vksdj thou ujd Hk¿ tk,r NyA dFkkd ukf;dk t;Urhd fc;kg
10&11 o"kZ es Hk¿ xsyfu vk ek=k nw, o"kZ es gqudj ifr nsoh vFkkZr pspdd HksaV pf<+
xsykgA tkSa&tkSa t;Unh iS?k Hksyhg gqud ;kSou le{k v;yfu vk gqudk viu lHk lkS[k
euksjFk] vk 'kjhjd ekaxosQ¡ nckc¿ iM+yfu rdj ihM+kosQ¡ dFkkdkj cM~M Li"V :is ¡ fpf=kr
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 37
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl d;us NfFkuA tkfg mezes t;Urhd c;ld dU;k vk L=khlHk thoud lq[k vk foykles
ykxy NfFk vksfg c;les tU;rh oS/O;d vkfxes HkxSfd nsy xsy NfFkA gqudk ckn&ckr
ij vHkkxfy] dqy{k.kh] deZghud rkuk lax [ksuk;&ihuk;] ifgjc&vks<+c] ckto&Hkqdc ij
izfrcaèk ykxy NfuA ;kSoud mRod cp;ues mRlod o;lHks vks cwf<+ L=khoyk ifjp;kZes
ykxy NfFkA thoud ,fg lR;osQ¡ Lohdkfj ;a=kor vks viu dktes ykxy jgSr NfFkA
t;Urhlu gtkjd gtkj cky&foèkokd nqnZ'kkosQ¡ ,fg ekè;el¡ ns[ky cq>y tk ldSr vfNA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&laiw.kZ dFkk ,dsVk ik=kdsa dsUnzes jkf[k fy[kr xsy vfNA ls
fFkd cky&foèkok t;Urh eqnk pfj=k foU;kl ,gu vfN tsuk t;Urh izR;sd fefFkyk xked
uksj cgkcSr] ukjfd thou thcSr vksfg cky&foèkoklHkd gks; tdj gk; fefFkykosQ¡ ;qx&;qx
esa xhjus tk jgy gks;A vksuk lkekftd dqjhfrd mn~?kkVu chle 'krkCnhds mÙkjk¼Z es eSfFkyh
lkfgR;dkjd izeq[k fo"k; jgy NfUg ;k=khl¡ jktdey èkfj cky&foèkok ij cgqr fdNq
fy[kyfUg dFkkdkj mekukFk >k ,fg dFkkes v;Urhd voLFkkd ,rsd lq{erkl¡ o.kZu d;us
NfFk ts L=khl¡ iq#"k èkfjosQ¡ >d>ksfM+ nSA oLrqr% bZ mPp oxhZ; lektd laiw.kZ ckyfoèkokd
pfj=k&fp=k.k cfu xsy vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&o.kZukRed 'kSyhes fy[ku ,fg dFkkes dFkkdkj ,dVk ckyfoèkok
t;Urhd ekufld vUr}Z}osQ¡ cM~M lq{erkl¡ ij[kSr ikBdosQ¡ viu yx&ikld cky
foèkokl¡ tksM+Sr NfFku vk vksdj laosnukl¡ ifjfpr djkcS NfFku vk ikBd Lo;a t;Urh
vk t;Urh lu vkj cky&foèkokd okLrfodrkl¡ tqM+ck ysy foos'k gks,r vfNA fgudj
Hkk"kk fefFkykd eè;eoxhZ; uxjh; ifjos'kd NfUgA cM~M csckdhl¡ vks viu dFkk dfg
xsy NfFkuA
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; cky&fookg vk foèkok&fookg fu"ksèkd izfr lkekftd tkxj.k
vfNA

O;k[;k

lkekftd caèkud bZ fo'ks"kr gksbr NSd ts tkèkfj vksfgij cy ufg iM+kSd] tk

èkfj tkfu cqf>osQ¡ ok vutkues vksdjk rksM+ckd iz;Ru ufg d;y tkvks euq";osQ¡ vksdj
vfLrRod Kku ufg gksbr vfNA lkekftd ifjfèk y{e.k&js[kk tdk¡ 'kfDr'kkyh ijap vksgwl¡
lq{e gksbr vfNA ,djk dsvks ufg nsf[k ldSr vfN] eqnk vfrØe.k djckd iz;kl dfjrfg
rdj Kku Hk¿ tkbr NSdA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr xa|ka'k dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd dFkk laxzg ^vrhr*d ¶t;Urh¸
'kh"kZd dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fges dFkkdkj lkekftd fu;e vk rdj lhekjs[kkd
mYya?kud fo"k;es viu fopkj izLrqr dfj jgy NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&cky foèkok t;Urh t[ku ckY;koLFkkl¡ ;kSoud ifjfèkes v;yhg r[ku
vksdjk viu eksud mYykl vk rud dlelkgV ij fu;a=k.k djck ysy ts d"Vizn iz;kl
dj¿ ifM+ jgy Nfu rdj laosnukosQ¡ vuqHko djSr cky&fookg vk foèkok fookg fu"ksèkd

38 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
xNkjfy ,gu L=khlHkd m¼kj ysy dFkkdkj lkekftd Økafrd njdkj eglwl djSr NfFku vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
vk viu fopkjl¡ lqfèk ikBdosQ¡ tx;ckd iz;kl djSr NfFkuA izksú Jh mekukFk >k

HkkokFkZ%&dFkkdkj dgSr NfFku ts lkekftd caèku dksuks ;qx fo'ks"k es 'kq: gksbr
,d fnu n`<+ fu;e cfu tk,r vfN vk laiw.kZ letk vksfg fu;ed y{e.k js[kkes fcuq
fdNq lkspus&fopkjus ckUgy jgSr vfNA vksfg caèkud le{k vksdj Kku&èkkjk 'kq"d ifM+
tk,r vfNA eqnk ,d fnu izR;sd ,gu caèku ts euq"; vk lektd ykxw c<+Sckes ckèkd
gks; rdjk rksM+ckd iz;kl gksbr vfNA 'kq:&'kq:es rksM+¿cykosQ¡ cM~M izfrjksèkd lkeuk dj¿
iM+Sr vfNA tsuk bZ'ojpUnz fo|klkxj] jktkjke eksgu jk; vkfnosQ¡ lg¿ iM+yfuA iz;kl
tkjh jgckd pkghA ,gus iz;kld vko';drk rRdkyhu ifjos'k es fefFkykd dqjhfr;ks ysy
vko';d Nyyk fuf'pr :il¡ ls iz;kl Hksy gksbr rs ¡ orZeku es ,gu caèku fefFkyk
lkekt es ufg vfNA
dFkk oSf'k"V;%&o.kZukRed Øees dFkkdkj viu fopkjosQ¡ ikBdd le{k cM~M
n`<+rkl¡ jk[kyfu vfNA o.kZukRed Øe es fopkj jkf[k dFkkdkj viu dFkkd xfr nsus Nffk]
laxs ,fg leL;kd lekèkkud jkLrk lq>kSus NfFkuA Hkk"kk ljy&lgt&izokgiw.kZ vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 39
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
3- thou&la?k"kZ (dFkk)

jCchl¡ gfj;j HkwfeA f{kfrtl¡ feyy vked xkNh] iQwld ?kj ?kqjkjhl¡ cgjk;y
/qvk¡] pjckgosQ¡ ct;ckd gsrq xk;d fMfjv;ukbA xfyr&;kSouk deyk] ckyql¡ Hkjy dNsj
vks fdukjA ,d cM+d v/o;lw xkNA osQgu ifjfpr n`';! if'pees lw;Zd ikrky&izos'k]
vksEgj iw.kZ pUnzd mn;] ?kj tkbr cVsj&tYykcyk lHkd >q.MA-----
FkekZehVj usus ulZ Bkf<+ jgfuA oÙkZekud >s ¡dlZ flgfj mBykgA ifjpkfjdkd fLefres
,fg lnhZosQ¡ ekjckd 'kfDr ufg jgSdA ^cd vi] fiQykliQj] bV~l ukeZy*d lÄõ viu
yksykikÄõl¡ jksxhd thouosQ¡ ,d {k.kd gsrq mn~Hkkflr djSr ^uacj pkfj*d fnfl vxzlj
HksfyA 'kjhj fu'py jgy] ijUrq n`f"V vksdj vuqlj.k d;yd] rkor~ dky tk /fj vk¡f[kd
rUrqes cy iM+ykl¡ lalkj /wfey ufg gksc; yxyfuA vk rdj ckn vU/dkj] fufoM+ vU/
dkjA vrhrd vkyksdl¡ ,dj fouk'kd iz;kl&,dek=k b,g dk;Z jfg xsy jgfu] dkj.k]
,dj vfrfjDr vkvksj vks d* dh losQr Nykg\ gqud O;fDrRo&uke] oa'k] tkfr vkfn
lHk fdNq&tkfg fnul¡ xf.krd ,d la[;kes ifj.kr Hk* xsyfu rkfg fnul¡ gqudk cká
txr~d okLrfodrkes lUnsg gksc; ykxy jgfuA dh lR;] dh feF;k osQ dfg losQr Ny\
vks izk;% Lo;a lR; ufg Nykg lR; t¡ Ny r¡ izk;% ^uacj Fkzh* ts lk¡i tdk¡ dk;kdYi
djSr jgSr Ny] uo&uo :i] uo&uo xq.k] ij×p 'kk'or uke& ^uacj Fkzh*] ^rhu uacj*
ok ^rh uacj*A teknkj] ulZ] MkWDVj lHkd gsrq vks osQoy :i] jl] xU/ ghu xf.krd ,d
la[;k ek=k jgfFkA
,fg izdkjd Hkko euosQ¡ rhr d* nSfuA ,d izdkjd Nk;k rqY; thoud gsrq la?k"kZ
fu"iz;kstu cwf> iM+fuA ,fg le;es tsuk gqud bPNk 'kfDr LrafHkr Hk* tkfuA vk r[ku
^uacj Fkzh*d rkieku js[k mèoZeq[k Hk* tkfu] foKkud uore vkS"kf/ foiQy Hk* tk;A viu
jkeck.k lHkd bZ voLFKk nsf[k fpfdRld yksdfu grksRlkg Hk* tkfFkA
^vgk¡ viu bPNk&'kfDrosQ¡ ,rs f'kfFky fd, d;us Nh\* µ MkWú osRl iqNyfFkuA
^vgk¡ tub Nh ts jksxhd lg;ksx fcuk fpfdRldd jkeck.k lhdhd leku fFkdA* ijUrq
n;kyq MkWDVjd vusd csj ps"Vk d;ugq¡ ,fg jksxhd thouij iM+y vkoj.kosQ¡ gV;ckes
leFkZ ufg HksykgA rhl o"kZd viu O;kolkf;d thoues gqud ,gu vusd jksxhl¡ Hks¡V Hksy
jgfu ts thoud izfr iw.kZ :is¡ mnklhu jgy gks] ijUrq vks izR;sd csj ,fg mnklhurkd
dkj.k cq>ckes liQy Hksy jgfFkA ,fg dk;Zes gqudk lgk;rk HksVfu LVkiQ ulZ ywlh czkmul¡A
ukeZy] ukeZy] ukeZy------drsd csj /Ddk nsykd ckn efLr"d }kj [kqtyfuA
f'k"Vrkd vkxzg ts ,fg 'kqHk&lekpkjd gsrq ulZosQ¡ /U;okn nsfFkA fdUrq ;kor~ vks ,fg
bPNkosQ¡ dk;kZfUor djfFk rkor~ ulZ vk/kl¡ vf/d ^okMZ* ikj d* pqdfy NyA
^Vw ysV*µv/Ztkr uhjl gkL;l¡ gqud eqgd dksj l¡dqfp xsyfuA thoues ,gu drs
volj vcSr NSd t[ku bPNk vks fØ;kes eqgwÙkZ ek=kd vUrj Hksykl¡ ?kVukØe ,dne
cnfy tkbr NSdA ij×p izLrqr volj fHk NyA fdNqd;yk ok ufg d;ykl¡ gqud Hkfo";
ij dksuks izdkjd izHkko ufg ifM+rSdA ?kVukØe rsgu n`<+ ,oa dBksj Hk* xsy NySd ts
vksfges dksuks izdkjd ifjoÙkZud laHkkouk ufg jgSdA nkslj] ulZd tkfg mfÙkQosQ¡ vku lHk
jksxh 'kqHk&lekpkj cq>Sr ls gqudk ys[ks ¡ us 'kqHk Ny us v'kqHkA dksuks le; 'kqHk Hk* losQr
40 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
Ny] eqnk vkc\ lR; r¡ bZ ts fljekes Vk¡xy VsEijspj pkVZ fnfl vks dfg;ks ns[kugq¡ us jgfFkA vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
rs ¡ foToj jgckd ?kks"k.kkl¡ gqudk trsd lUrks"k ufg Hksyfu rrsd jks"k Hksyfu ,fg ckrl¡ izksú Jh mekukFk >k
tsulZ gqud lqUnj LoiuosQ¡ rksfM+ nsydfuA drcks iz;kl fd,d us d:] VwVy LoIuosQ tksfM+
ufg losQr Nh& bZ LoIu tkxys egd fd,d us jgvksA rs¡ ps"Vk d;ugq¡ vks 'kjr~ lUè;kd
deykdkrd n`';d iqu£uekZ.k ufg d* ldykgA
f[kM+dhd ckgj n`f"V xsyfuA igkM+d vksVl¡ vUr gksbr lw;Zd fuLrst fdj.k /quy]
rwj lu es?kosQ¡ izfr{k.k cnyfugkj jÄõl¡ jÄSr NyA vks ifgy csj t[ku ,r; vk;y jgfFk
r[ku nkslj ^okMZ es lFkku HksVy jgfu] vksgwes lHkl¡ v/ykg LFkku] tr;l¡ igkM+d ik¡tj
NksfM+ vk vksj fdNq ufg ns[ky tk losQr NyA ijUrq vksdj ckn r¡ lsukVksfjvees gqud
lRdkj iqjku fi=kd leku gksbr Nyfu MkWDVjl¡ teknkj /fj lHk gqud ifjfprA tkfg
okMZes ts [kkyh LFkku gqudk uhd yxfu] lSg nsy tkfuA xr rhu ekll¡ pkfje ckMZd rslj
^lhV* ij vks tey jgfFk rs ¡ vkdj izfr eeRo LokHkkfodA rFkk ,fg ij gqudk fo'okl
tdk¡ Hk* xsy jgfu ts ,rfg ;k=kkd lekfIr Hk* tk;rA
;k=kkd vUrd ;|fi gqudk izrh{kk jgfu] fdUrq ,fg izrh{kkes vkdqyrk ys'kek=k
ufg NyA gqud n`f"Ves oÙkZeku ,oa Hkfo"; ,d leku vFkZghu jg;A ijyksdd vfLrRod
fo"k;es vks dksuks fuf'pr fl¼kUrij ufg igq¡py jgfFkA rs ¡ fLFkfrd voLFkkA ,fges =kqfV
osQoy ,d ckrd* vrhrd HksVy jgfuA ijUrq vks vUr;kZeh ufg Nykg rs¡ ,fgl¡ vf/d
ufg tkfu ldy jgfFkA g¡] ,fg vuqHko vvksf"Vªvu fpfdRldosQ¡ ,fges lUnsg ufg Nyfu
ts ,fg xqIr bfrgkles lHkl¡ eq[; LFkku dksuks ukjhd jgSd rs¡ vks fel czk,u }kjk jksxhd
oÙkZeku fjÙkQrkd iw£r djckd iz;kles jgfFkA ijUrqd vfHku;d ,d xksV ifj.kked è;ku
lapkyd ,oa vfHkus=kh nquwes ddjgq ufg jgyfuA
fdNq fnul¡ lq/kjdjosQ¡& ^uEcj Fkhd ikfjokfjd uke lq/kdj feJ jgfu&ywlh
czkmud i`Fkd~ vfLrRo vLi"V :is ¡ cks/ gksc; ykxy jgfuA ,fgl¡ iwoZ vks fpfdRlky;d
layXu vÄõek=k jg;] ,d xksV fo'kky ;U=kd vko';d fdarq vR;Ur nksV iqjtkA vkc t[ku
vkReh;rk cks/d 'kCn lHk }kjk vks gqudk lEcksf/r djfu r¡ vuk;kl vks ,d izdkjd
lq[kn laosnukd vuqHko djfFkA cwf> iM+fu vrhrd dksuks {k.k iqfu thfor Hk* mBy vfNA
ywlh vks vpZukd t¡ osQvks rqyuk djSr r¡ gqudk vR;Ur vfiz; yfxrfuA t¡ osQvks dfgrfu
ts gqudk ywlhl¡ izse Hk* xsy jgfu r¡ vksfg euq";osQ¡ vks crkg cqf>rfFkA vpZuk iw.kZ Nfy
vk fd ywlh\ vks r¡ vku euq"; tdk¡ viw.kZ NfyA vksdjk lân;rk jgSd vo';] vk
,d izdkjd deuh;rk] ijUrq ts ,d csj nsohl¡ izse d* pqdy Ny vksdj n`f"V es dksuks
ekuohd dh egRo jfgrSd\ vpZukd Le`fr gqud lHkl¡ cgqewY; fuf/ jgfu] rdjk vks
datwl tdk¡ latksxus jgfFkA ,d dh gtkjh ywlh rqyukes gYyqd ifM+rfFkA
,fg lIrkg vks ifgy csj pkSchl ?k.Vk /fj foToj Hksy jgfFk] ijUrq gqudk gsrq ,fg
ckrd dksuks egRo ufg jgSdA izfr fnud Hkk¡fr vks vksgw fnu vrhrd fdNq n`';d iqu£uekZ.k
djSr Tojd izrh{kkd* jgy Nykg] t[ku LVkiQ ulZ vkfcd* gqud è;ku HkÄõ d* nsydfuA
deykdkUr----ihijd xkN [kslkjhd [ksr----------ckY;koLFkkd vks n`'; iQsj le{k ufg
v;yfuA vk ufg gqudk b,g Lej.k Hksyfu ts ,fg lqifjfpr n`'; fnfl gqud è;ku dksuk
xsy jgfuA vrhrd egRo gqudk gsrq Nyfu vpZukd dkj.k ijUrq thoud izFke izgj rFkk
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 41
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl fefFkykd ,fg v×Óyl¡ vpZukd dksuks lEcU/ ufg jgfuA t¡ jfgrfu r¡ osQ dfg losQr
vfN ts ?kVukØed osQgu :i gksbrSdA dh gksbr] ,fg izlÄõ lkspc O;FkZA Hkfo";d ts
ts euksje fp=k vks jpus jgfFk rkfges vf/dka'k lkdkj ufg Hk* ldy jgfu] ijUrq ,dj
gqUdk vf/d {kksHk ufg NyfuA thoues vkuUnd ts {k.k gqudk HksVy jgfu rdj 'kq¼rkl¡
vks ije lUrq"V jgFkA vksdj vfpjLFkkf;rk] vksdj egÙoosQ¡ vvksjks c<+k nsus jgSdA ,fg
lHk ckrd Js; Nyfu ----------
,d xksV vk/qfud dfo fy[kSr NfFk& tr; l¡ fonk gksb lSg HksyA t¡ bZ lR; r¡
bgks vksrc; lR; ts tkfgBke igq¡ph lSg fFkd viu ?kjA lq/kdjd Hkko&rjf.k drgql¡
pyfu] vks ?kqeSr&fiQjSr ,DosQ LFkku ij & vpZuk----------vpZuk--------------A tfg;k vks ifgy
csj vksdjk dk'ehjd dey dgus jgfFku rfg;k vksdj eq¡g rsgu yky Hk* xsy jgSd ts
gqudk Hkze Hksyfu ts My >hyd v/Zfodflr defyuhosQ¡ nsf[k jgy NhA vk Hksyfu ts
bZ vuk?kzkr iQwy Nwufg fcyk tk;rA ,d fnu ,guks v;yfu t[ku tknwd ,fg iQwyd
okLrfodrkd Kku izkIr djckc volj gqudk HksVyfuA vkg] vks fnu] vks {k.k] t[ku
LoxZ ,fg i`Fohij vorfjr Hksy jg;] le; 'kk'or Hk* xsy jg;! lhihd xHkZes fLFkr
eksrhd leku vks vuqHkwfr Lo;a iw.kZ Ny] ,oa v;qXeA ,gh dkj.k vks vewY; NyA ,fg
vn~Hkqr jRuosQ¡ ,fg vewY; {k.kosQ¡ drsd csj vksj rjgR;hij jkf[k vksj iw.kZrkij Hkko foHkksj
Hk* tkfFkA rnqijkUr ,dd ckn ,d] ,dd ckn ,d fu;frd dUosvj csYVij NksV&iS?k]
iSc&NksV trsd jRu ok yks"B vk;y xsy jgfu rdj Lej.k gksbfuA LoIu leku lqUnj pkfj
o"kZ& dvksyst] Dyc] flusek vk* rdj ckn-----------
^bDlD;w”keh*µ LVkiQulZ ufg] ywlh czkmu] ywlh] Bkf<+ jgfFk] Hkqou eksfguhd vfHku;
djSrA fu;frd ,fg migkl ij vks uhjl g¡lh yxykgA ,fg izdkjd dkdrkyh;U;k;osQ¡
fu;frd migkl ufg r¡ dh dgc\ vkvksj] fu;frd vfLrRoes fo'okl djFkq ok ufg
ywlhd vfLrRoosQ¡ ufg ekuc gqudk gsrq vksfg le; vlEHko jgfuA rs ¡ yxes jk[ky LVwy
fnfl gkFk ns[kk; vks gqud Lokxr d;yfuA fljgkuk fnl jk[ky tkyh cyk osQfcusVla
lUrksyk cgkjd* ywlh vksdj jl xkM+; yxyhgA vks cgqr eUn Loj es] v/ZLoxr ctyhgµ
^,dVk ckr iqNw\ v/ykg r¡ ufg ykxr\
^,dVk dh n'kVk iwfN ldb Nh] eqnk lUrks'ktud mÙkj n* ldc dh ufg ls vku
ckr* vks dgyA
^vgk¡ gjne dh lkspb Nh\ cwf> iM+b Nb ts dksuks vku yksdes jgh] tsuk okLrfod
txrd vkgk¡osQ¡ dksuks è;kus us jg;* -----------fLFkj n`f"V,¡ jksxhosQ¡ ns[kSr vks iQsj ctyhgA
okLrfod txr\ dfg;ks vksdj ifjHkk"kk djckd ps"Vk d;ygq¡ vfN] ulZ\
gqud dFkk viw.kZ jgyfu dkj.k chpfg es Ñf=ke jks"kl gqudkl¡ iwNy xsyfu ^lq/
kjd ckcwe] vgk¡ dfg;ks bgks lkspS Nh ts ek;&cki gejks uke j[kus NfFk\ ulZ] ulZ lquSr
r¡ dku ekdyA
lq/kdjosQ¡ eu Hksyfu ts dfg,sd ts tfguk ^ulZ* vks ^ywlh* ,d jfgrgq¡ nw
okLrfodrkd vÄõ Ny] rfguk tkfg okLrfodrkl¡vksdj vfHkizk; jgSd rdj vfLrRod
42 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
gqudk de è;ku jgfuA fdrq fdNq ctykg ufgA ywlhd gkFkl¡ fxykl y* uscksd jl fic; vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
yxykgA vks ftKklq n`f"V,¡ gqudk fnfl ns[kSr jgyhgA izksú Jh mekukFk >k

fdNq dkyd ckn iQsj iqNyfFku&

^feLVj feJk] vgk¡ lalkjl¡ ,rs mnklhu fd, Nh\
^vgk¡osQ¡ osQ dgyd\* µ vks ckr Vkjckd iz;Ru d;yfuA
^ijrkjckd ps"Vk O;FkZ fFkdA MkWDVj XosRl r¡ dgS NfFk ts vgk¡ gqudk lg;ksx ufg
nb fN;fu] vgk¡d fojfDr gqud vkS"k/osQ¡ ikfu cuk nb NfuA
^vkg XosRl] vks egku NfFkA lkxjd leku mnkjA gqud vliQyrkd fpurk ufg
jfgr r¡------* lglk ywlhd gkFkd gqud eqgij py xsyfuA vk vk ctyhgµ
^fN%_ ,gu ckr lkspcmd us pkghA* nksljs {k.k gqudk Hksyfu ts okMZd lHk jksxh
gquosQ yksdfuosQ¡ nsf[k jgy vfNA gqud eq¡g yky Hk* xsyfuA gqudk bZ ufg eu iM+yfu
ts e`R;qd vkdka{kk osQ fugkj vkuks jksxhd ckr vks] ,fg izdkjs ¡ cUn osQus Nyhg vk ,fgl¡
iwoZ gqudk dfg;ks ,fg dk;Zd vlk/kj.krkd lUnsg ufg Hksy jgfu gqud vlEHkzerkl¡ lq/
kdjosQ¡ euksj×tu HksyfuA vk dpdp;ckd m|s';l¡ vks ctykgµ
^cwf> iM+bv, ts gejks e`R;qij dufugkjd ,dne vHkko ufg jgrA
^vgk¡osQ¡ gej lIir-----------*
lq/kdjd euks×tu vk'p;Zes ifj.kr Hk* xsyfuA ,rsd Hkkokos'kiw.kZ izfroknd gsrq vks
izLrqr ufg jgfFkA vkp';Z r¡ Hksyfu] eqnk ,fg izdkjd O;ogkjd vFkZ cq>ckes gqudk nsjh
ufg yxyfuA vlhe lgkuqHkwfr iw.kZ n`f"Vl¡ vks ywlh fnl ns[kyfu ijrq gqud fu"diV vks
fu£odkj n`f"VosQ¡ xzg.k djc ywlhd gsrq dfBu Hk* xsyfuA vks Hkwfe fnl ns[k; yxyhgA
^vtqdk M~;wVh [kre Hk* xsy\ µ ,fg csj lq/kdjd ikj Nyfu gqudk LoIuyksdl¡
i`Fohij vuckdA Hksn bZ ts vks vrhrd ufg vfirq Hkfo";d LoIu nsf[k jgy NyhgA lq/
kdjd LoIu ,d fnu lR; jgfu eqnk ywlhd LoIu dfg;ks lR; gks;rfu rdj dYiuk
tkxzrkoLFkk es vks Lo;a ufg dfjrfFkA
^fueZe] ân;ghu!* µvks eufger ctyhg] fdUrq eqgl¡ nh?kZ fu'okl ek=k cgjyfuA
fdNq {k.k 'kkfUr jgyA okMZd vf/dka'k jksxh tfudk yksdfu voLFkk vksfg le; lq/kdjd
vis{kk cgqr uhd jgfu vkÄud lcthij VgySr Nykg vk vkslkjkij vkjke dqjlhij cSly
NykgA lq/kdjd fljekes jk[ky Vkbe&ihl lalkjl¡ fu£Ir dkyd lÙkk ,oa fu"i{krk izekf.
kr d* jgy NyA lehifg¡ drgql¡ flusekd ifjfpr laxhr vkfn jgy NyA
^csl] r¡ ,[ku vkKk fnv& bZ"kr~ dfEir Lojs ¡ vks ctyhg] rFkk gqud vfHkoknu
djSr vksfgBkel¡ py xsyhgA
^lq/kdj feJ osQ¡ ufg r¡ ^uEcj Fkzh* osQ¡ fdNq fnu vkvksj thfor jg; iM+rfu* &
vks eufgeu ctykg] ,oa fdNq {k.kd ckn ;qf/f"Bjd ^ujks ok dq×tjks ok* d leku ifgy
okD;es bZ tksM+yfu& ^viuk gsrq ufg r¡ vuosQ gsrqA
ijUrq lksygks vkuk vudfg gsrq ok fdNq viugq¡ gsrq bZ dgc dfBu NyA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 43
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&,fg dFkkd uk;d NfFk vLirkyes thou e`R;qd la?k"kZ djSr lqèkkdj
feJA ts viu iRuhd e`R;qd ckn ,fg rjgs ¡ VwfV xSy NfFk ts thou thckd lHk vk'k
NksfM+ pqdy NfFkA MkWñ XosRl vk ulZ ywlh czkmu vusd izdkjl¡ vLirkyd rhu uacj csM
ijiQ ,fg jksdhxs ¡ Bhd djckd iz;kles tqVy jgSr NfFkA eqnk jksxh viu vrhres rsukosQ¡
lfUgvk;y jgSr NfFk ts vksdjk ysy orZekud leLr ?kVuk dksuks egRo ufg jk[kSr vfNA
vks viuk le{k ?kjSr leLr ?kVuk dk O;ogkjl¡ foeq[k jgSr vfNA fnukuqfnu uhdl¡ uhd
nokbZ&nk#d ckotwn vksudj LokLF; fcxM+y tk,r NfFkuA MkWñ XosRl fpfUrr NfN] eqnk
fujk'k ufg vks yxrkj viu lqUnj vk O;ogkfjd ulZosQ¡ lqèkkdj feJd ysy L=kh lqyHk
izsel¡ gqudj ru&euosQ¡ tx;ckysy funsZ'k nSr jgSr NfFkuA vk varr% dgy tk;r vfN uS
fd izse&Lusg lsok dksuks jksxds Bhd dfj nSr vfN] fujk'k eksuosQ¡ vk'kkd Mxj ij vkfu
nSr vfNA lSg gks,r vfN vk Mkñ XosRld iz;kl liQy gks,r vfNA lqèkkdj LokLF;es
lqèkkj gks,r Nfu vk thoud izfr gqudj vk'kk tkfx tk,r NfuA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&,fg dFkkd uk;d NfFku lqèkkdj feJ rhu uacj csMd jksxh
vk ukf;dk NfFk u;s ywlh czkmQu laxs MkWñ XosRl ts vfHkuo jhfrl¡ jksxd bZykt djSr
NfFkuA vLirkyd okrkoj.kes NksV&Nhu vku ik=klHk lsgks vfNr eqnk tkfg ifjos'kes
lqèkkdj feJd bZykt Hk¿ jgy Nfu vksfges dFkkdkj ,dVk jksxhd varxZu vk MkWDVj rFkk
ulZd jksxhd jksx fuokj.k ysy leiZ.kosQ¡ js[kkafdr d;us NfFku vk leVk ik=k ek¡ly Hk¿
ikBdoks dusDV djSr vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&dFkkdkj cM~M ukV~;rkl¡ n`'; nj n`'; ikBdd le{k jk[kSr
ik=klHkd vareZud iM+rky djSr dFkkosQ¡ viu ifj.kfr èkfj igq¡pkcSr NfFkuA dFkkd
i`"BHkwfees Hkus if'peh jax&jkSxu gks; eqnk vksdj VªhVesaV lqPpk vfNA fons'kh dFkklHkd
izHkko r¿ vfN eqnk dFkkdkj viu fopkj vk HkkokfHkO;fDrl¡ ikBd ij vksfg HkkoosQ¡ gkWch
gkse¿ ufg nSr NfFk ts gqudj dFkdghd fo'ks"krk NfuA Hkk"kk uSlfxZd vfNA
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; cM~M Li"V vfN ts MkWDVj èkjrh ijd Hkxoku gks,r NfFku
vk Hkxoku tdk¡ jksxhd rkj.kgkj fofp=k jksx vk ifjfLFkfr;kses vks jksxhosQ¡ Bhd djckd
ekxZ rkfd ySr NfFkuA nkslj fnu jksxhosQ¡ Bhd djckysy nokb&nkq:,Vk ufg jksxhd ekufld
fLFkfr vk lg;ksxkRed joS;k cM~M t:jh gks,r vfNA ,fg dFkkd ekè;el¡ dFkkdkj viu
dFkdghu ,dvk uohu vk;ke lsgks [kksyus NfFkuA
O;k[;k

;k=kk vurd :|fi gqudk izrh{kk jgfu] fdUrq ,fg izrh{kkes vkdqyrk ys'kek=kd
ufg NykA gqud n`f"Ves orZeku vk Hkfo"; ,d leku vFkZghu jg;A ijyksd vfLrRod
fo"k; es vks dksuks fuf'pr fl¼kar ij ufg igq¡py jgfFkA rs ¡ fLFkrèkhd voLFkkA ,fges =kqfV
dsoy ,d ckrd * vrhrd izfr eksg ck¡dh NyfuA vkvksj euh"kh XosRlosQ¡ ,dj vkHkkl
HksVy jgfuA
44 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd dFkklaxzg ¶vrhrd¸ ¶thou&la?k"kZ¸ vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fgBke dFkkdkj uk;d lqèkkdjd 'kjhfjd vk ekufld voLFkkd izksú Jh mekukFk >k
;FkkfLFkfr vk MkWDVj XosRld lq{e n`f"V ij izdk'k nsus NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&MkWñ XosRld yk[k iz;kld ckotwn rhu uacj csMd ejht lqèkdjd LokLF;es
dksuks lqèkkj ufg Hk¿ jgy Ny dkj.k vks viu orZeku LokLF; vk thoud izfr lpsr
ufg Nykg lnSr gqudj eksu vrhres xksrk yxk jgy Ny vk ,fg vrhrd Hk¡oj es vksdj
thou fLFkj Nyk eqnk gqudj vko&Hkko l¡ MkWDVj bZ cqf> xsy Nykg tS vksfg vrhr es
dksuks ukjh vfN vk fgudj jksxd funkuksd lw=k ukjhes vfN vk rs ¡ eksud Hkhrj vks drkS
us drkS vk'oLr NykgA ys[kd ,fg vorj.kd ekè;e l¡ ikBdosQ¡ ;gS cr;ckd iz;kl
d;us NfFkuA
HkkokFkZ%&,dVk jksxhd jksxosQ¡ vksdj dkj.kosQ¡ fpUgc dksuks MkWDVjd lel¡ ifgy
dkt gks,r vfN vk t[ku 'kjhjd jksx osQ¡ fpfUgosQ¡ vksdj yk[k bZyktd ckotwn t[ku
MkWDVj vliQy jgSr vfN] r[ku vksdj ekufld dkj.kosQ¡ rkdckd iz;kl djSr vfNA
fpfdRlk i¼fr es jksxhes vk èkfj Bhd gks;ck ps"Vk ufg jgSr vfN] rkèkfj dksuks fpfdRld
jksxhosQ¡ Bhd ufg dfj ldSr vfNA viu dfBu iz;kll¡ MkWDVj XosRlosQ¡ lqèkkdjd eksud
jksxd lw=k HksfV xsy Nyfu vk vks vk'oLr Hk¿ xsy Nykg ts vkb&ufg&r¿ fFkfYg vks
lqèkkdjosQ¡ Bhd dfj nsrkgA ys[kd ,fg vorj.kes vksfg HkkoosQ¡ Li"V d;us NfFkuA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&dFkkdkj ,fg dFkkes if'peh dFkk 'kSyhosQ¡ viukcSr oSpkfjd
vUr}ZU} laxfg ekufld vUr}ZU}d fcUnqosQ¡ lw=k&nj&lw=k cSlkcSr n`';d o.kZu djSr dFkkd
vfUre NksM+ èkfj igq¡pSr NfFkA Hkk"kk Li"V vk fopkj lq{e vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 45
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
4- nkEiR; (dFkk)

njcTtk ij Bk<+ fHk[kkfjd ddZ'k Lojl¡ lforkd è;ku HkÄõ Hksyfu&

^lc fnu gksr u ,d leku------------* fHk[kkfj Vkfg yxvksus jg;A ,drkjkd VquVquh
lÄõ nSr jgSdA bZ nquw Loj tdjk laxhrd laKk nsc laxhrd vieku gks;r] lh<+h mQij
Hkflvkbr nkslj egyij MkWDVj 'kSysUnzd lqrckd ?kjes izos'k d;yd rFkk lforkosQ¡ Hkkouk
txrl¡ i`Foh ij [khafp vudfuA gqudk g¡lh yxyfu&^lc fnu gksr u ,d leku*! >wB]
fcYdqy >wB!*µ vks ckft mByhgA vk* iQsj ?kj es ddjgq¡ ufg nsf[k g¡lh yxyfuA vbZ
rjgs ¡ ,d fnu ge fu'p; crkfg Hk* tk;c*µ vks lkspyfuA
fHk[kkfj iQsj Vkfg nsydA HkkX;pØd ifjoÙkZu'khyrkd ukjk vksdj O;kolkf;d
cqf¼d iQy NySdA y{ehd fiz; ik=k O;fDrosQ¡ nsohd p×pyrkd Lej.k dj; vks nkud
vk'kk djSr NyA p×pykd vÑikl¡ jktk ,dfg fnues jad Hk* losQr NfFk] losQr fd,d]
gksbr NfFkA rs ¡ nku d:] dkj.k nkues nsy xsy /ud uk'k ufg gksbr NSdA ,fg tUees ts
nku djc ls lwfn lesr vfxyk tUees HksVrA
ijUrq lforkd thoues lHkl¡ vfiz; lR; jgfu le;d vifjoÙkZu'khyrk rs ¡ fHk[kkfjd
xku gqudk fu;frd O;Äõ tdk¡ cwf> iM+yfuA rs ¡ vks fo"kknd glh g¡lyhg] vk fHk[kkfjd
n'kZud vlR;rk izekf.kr djckd vfHkizk;l¡ foxr drsd fnud rqyuk dj; yxyhgA
lk<+s lkr cts txkSuh ?kM+hd vkÙkZuknd ckn pkgd rUnzkuk'kh I;kyk] lk<+s vkB cts
izlk/ukfn] izkr% ÑR;d ckn iufivkb] tkfges ikfud LFkku ij pkg vFkok dkiQh jgckd
dkj.ks ¡ vksdj uked lkFkZdrk lfUnX/A dkWuZÝysd&VksLV&vaMkd lukru Øec¼rk] vUres
dkiQh vFkok pkgA
lk<+s uvks cts vkslkjkij Bkf<+ iks£Vdksl¡ vgjkbr ifrd fiQ,VosQ¡ y{;d* fonkb
lwpd gkFkd b'kkjkA
,xkjg cts uscks&ikfu ok dkiQhA Ms<+ cts Hkkstud Vscqyd fujh{k.k_ fdNq dkyd
ckn ifrd v;ykij Hkkstu] tdj Lokn izdkj Hksn jfgrgq¡ ,osQ-----------
fHk[kkfj fcuk fdNq usus VjScyk ufg Ny rs ¡ lforkd lkspukd J`a[kyk VwfV xsyfuA
vks ukSdjosQ¡ ctk; ,d xksV i¡DiSekgh fHk[kfjosQ¡ iBvksyfuA
lforkd n`f"V ?kM+hij iM+yfuA lk<+s n'kA vk/k ?kaVkd ckn phuh ekfVd nw xksV
fjdchd chp ;sjkd fxykl usus uksdj vkvksrA ,fg gsrq vks dksuks vkns'kd izrh{kk ufg
djr] vk fivkl ufgvks ykxy jgykij lfork ,d&nw ?kksaV uscks&ikfu fimrhgA ,fg ?kjes
le; vk fu;ed jkt NySd tdj fo#¼ fdNq djc jktnzksgd lekuA nw izk.khd ,fg
lalkjes Tokj&HkkVk ufg vcSdA lfork&'kSysUnzd thou dfgvks >a>kl¡ m}sfyr ufg Hksy
Ny& lH;rk rFkk laLÑfr l¡ ldi×t ts jgfFk vks nquw!
lfork jsfMvks ^vkWu* osQyfuA fofo/&Hkkjrhij ykxr jgSdA ^pqujh l¡Hkky xksjh-----------*
osQvks xkfc jgy NyA jsfMvksd fLop~ oke fnl ?kqekvksy xsy] [kV~ HksySd vk xhr cUnA
lfork ^/eZ;qx*d ikr muVkc; yxyhg] vksdj ckn ^byLVªsVsMohdyh* lsgks nsf[k xsyhgA
vk isQj njktl¡ rk'k cgkj d* is'ksUl vkjaHk d;yfu& eè;kÉ /fjd le; ts dVckd
jgfuA
46 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 'kSysUnz vks lforkd xkgZLF; lkr o"kZ iwoZ vkjEHk Hksy NyA 'kSysUnz fookgd cknfg vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
bÄyS.M py xsy jgfFk rFkk rhu o"kZd ckn v;ykgA rs ¡ ,d izdkjs ¡ lforkd oSokfgd izksú Jh mekukFk >k
thou osQoy pkfj o"kZ iqjkukA dksf[k ,[kugq [kkfy, jgfu] ij×Ó ifjokj fu;kstud izpkjd
dkj.ks ¡ ufgA 'kSysUnzd O;kolkf;d thou liQy jgfuA gqud vk; i;kZIrA ckgjl¡ dksuks
izdkjd vHkko ufg nsf[k iM+;A 'kgjd le`¼ Hkkxes viu edku] ukSdj&pkdj] xkM+h]
lqUnjh] lq'khyk iRuhA yksd lfork&'kSysUnzosQ¡ vkn'kZ nEifÙk cq>fu] tsuk ,d nksljkd fufeÙk
gksf;&^esM iQkWj bZp vnjA* Ñf=ke vÑf=kerkd vkoj.kl¡ >kiy xkgZLF;d ;FkkFkZ [kkd
Hkku ddjk NySd\
VsyhiQksud ?k.Vh lforkosQ¡ vkÑ"V d;ydfuA 'kSysUnzd ifjfpr Loj&
^gsyks Mk£yÄ] vkbZ ge y×Óij ufg vkfc ldc-----vR;ko';d dkt vfN-----,Ddks
fueV iy[kfr ub-------A*
lfork dycy VsyhiQksud pksÄk jkf[k nsyfu tkfgl¡ ykbu dVckd 'kCn es 'kSysUnzosQ¡
gqud euksHkkod Kku ufg gksbfuA fnuqdk Hkkstu ,dlfj djc dksuks vlk/kj.k ckr ufg] vk
,gu lHk volj ij 'kSysUnz ;Fkkle; VsyhiQksu d* vkSfpR;d fuokZg djfFkA 'kSysUnzd gsrq&
vkSfpR; rFkk vkSipkfjdrk lHk fdNqA fons'k izokld bZ lcl¡ iz/ku fpÉ gqudkes jgfuA
HkkstuksijkUr lfork iyÄõ ij xsyhg ^fdNq [ku vkjkes fd,d us djh*& vks lkspyfuA
ijUrq ls ufg fy[ky NyfuA njoktkd ?k.Vh dusd dkyd ckn lqfu iM+yfu& ^HkSuth gSa\
vk cfguthd LFkkues ^HkSuth*d mPpkj.kl¡ cq>yfu ts felst flag vFkok lqjsUnz dkSj vkfc
jgfy NfFkA viu iM+ksflud iq:"kkg uke Lej.k d* lforkosQ¡ g¡lh yxyfu] fdUrq vksdjk
vks MªkbÄõ:e igq¡pckl¡ iwoZ jksdckes liQy HksyhgA
felst flagd v;ckd vFkZ Hksy Hkkstul¡ pkg /fj iqy cuc lsgks fcuk dksuks
iy&uhyd lgk;rkdA LosVjd uo&uo iSVuZd ppkZ] vFkok jeh] vFkok nquwA nw ?k.Vk
fcrk;c dksu dfBuA ijUrq ,gwes dksuks uohurk ufgA rk'kd fHkÂ&fHk izdkjd gkFk thoud
,djlrkosQ¡ gV;ckes v{keA
Hkkstud le; ufg v;ckd =kqfVektZud Lo:i 'kSysUnz le; l¡ fdNq iwoZfg ¡ Msjk
v;ykgA ,ro; ufg laè;kdky Dyc pyckd vkxzgA 'kSysUnz Dycd mRlkgh lnL;A
laè;kdky fdNq le; Dyces fcrk;c gqud nSfud dk;ZØed vÄõ eqnk lfork us vlyh
ese Nyhg us udyhA bZ lR; ts vks viu ?kjes ese lkgc dgcSr Nyhg] ijUrq ;wjksih;
thoud vU/kuqdj.k gqudk uhd ufg yxfuA x`gLFkhd vku lHk oLrq tdk¡ ese lkgsc
lEcks/uosQ lsgks vks ^;Fkk fu;qDrksfLe rFkk djksfe*d fl¼kUrd vuqlkj xzg.k osQus jgfFkA rs ¡
Dyc thou gqudk fiz; ufgA Dyc iRuh yksdfud v¡f[kiQksM+k os'kHkw"kk rFkk lkt J`Äõkjl¡
gqudk for`".kkA Dyces ts ukjh lqyHk yTtkd vkisf{kd vHkko gqudk nsf[k iM+fu rkfgl¡
gqudk Dyc t;ckes dfgvks fo'ks"k izlÂrk ufg gksbu] rs ¡ 'kSysUnzosQ¡ gqud eUn eqLdku rFkk
LohÑfr mRlkg jfgr cwf> iM+yfu] vk rs ¡ MSX 7534 uacjd cSxuh fiQ,V ,d csj iQsj
osQcy viu pkydd lax iks£Vdks l¡ cgjk;yA vk ,d csj iQsj vksfg nksegyk ?kjes lfork
,dlfj jfg xsyhgA
le`¼ ?kjes euksj×tud lkexzhd vHkko ufgA uohure eksMsy LVhfjvks] jsfM;ks xzke]
ewoh izkstsDVj] VsijsdMZj vkfn lHk ?kjes jgfuA lfork jsdMZ 'ksYiQlZ jfo'kadjd ,dVk ,y-
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 47
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ih- jsdMZ e'khuij p<+vkyfu rFkk vksfg ij vkvksj rhfu pkfj xksV ok|;a=kd jsdMZ jkf[k
Lopkfyr jsdMZ ps×tj pyvksyfuA
lÄõhrd gqudk dfg;ks f'k{kk ufg HksVy jgfuA ijUrq uhd lÄõhr lquckd volj
gqudk cgqr HksVyA rs ¡ eud fjÙkQrk (ok frÙkQrk\) osQ¡ vksj lÄõhrfg ¡ gV;ckd iz;kl
djfFk] ,fgl¡ vks ;FkkFkZosQ¡ fdNq dky /fj fcljckes leFkZ gksfFk] rs ¡ vkb;ks vksgh egkS"kf/d
iz;ksx d;yfuA
lÄõhrd rjÄõ ?kM+hd fVdfVdh osQ¡ r¡ Mqckb, nsyd ts fdNq dkyd gsrq tsuk
le;osQ czkekbMd iS?k [kksjkd n* nsydA czksekbMd izHkko gVySd fiQ,Vd ^isa isa* l¡ vk
lfork ns[kyfu ts uvks ckft jgy vfNA
^vkbZ Hkfj fnu dh dh d;ygq¡\* okMZjksoes vksojdksV yVdcSr 'kSysUnz iqNyfFkuA
lforkosQ¡ dRdky dksuks lehphu mÙkj ufg iQqjyfuA dksu 'kCnes vks viu ?kVukghu fnud
o.kZu djFkq tkfgl¡ thoud fjÙkQrk ufg izdV gks\ vkn'kZ ifrd vkn'kZ iRuh ts jgfFk vksA
dFkkd rkfRod foys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&,fg dFkkes uxjh; ifjos'kes ,dVk laHkzkar ?kjd nkEiR; thoud dFkk
vfN tr¿ èkukB~; ifr viu iRuhosQ¡ thoud lHk lq[k nSr NfFku xguk] diM+k] lq[k
,s'o;Z] eqnk nkEiR;d vlyh lq[k izse vk leiZ.k xkS.k jgSr vfNA ,ukes ts x`g.kh iRuh
NfFk ls varfoghhu ihM+kes iM+y viu ftuxhd fLFkfrl¡ lkeatL; oSlsckd tqxres yxkrkj
vkUrfjd ihM+k es thcSr NfFkuk fnu jkfr vksfg iRuhd thou ifrd vk'kk ns[kSr ckV&tksgSr
vksdj ,dek=k Lusgd xIi ysy njlSr vfNA ifr 'kSysUnz] iRuh lforkosQ¡ ckg~; ,s'o;Z nMosQ¡
fuf'pr NfFk ts vks viu iRuhosQ¡ dksuks oLrqtkrd deh ufg NksM+us NfFkuA iRuh;ks csj&csj
ifrosQ¡ vk'oLr djckd vfHku; djSr jgSr NfFkuA ;Sg iqQfl vfHku; vk vk'oklu ,d
fnu thoud tatky cfu tk,r vfN vk thou fo?kVud dkj.k cuSr vfNA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&uxjh; ifjos'k es 'kSysUnz >k lfork lu naifÙkd thouosQ¡
js[kkafdr djSr dFkkdkj laHkzkar ifjokjd nkaiR; thoud okLrfodrkl¡ ikBdosQ¡ ifjfpr
djkcSr NfFku ikBd thou :il¡ nquw ik=k osQ¡ ns[ksr&cq>Sr dFkkd vafre lw=k èkfj igq¡pSr
NfFkA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&,fg dFkkd dFkk izokg vaxzsth vk ckaxyk dFkk tdk¡
pyfp=kkRed i¼frl¡ vkxw c<+Sr vfNA iVdFkk tdk¡ n`'; ?kVuk vk laoknd la;kstu ikBd
osQ¡ ,dVk ,gu nkaiR; l¡ ifjp; djkcSr Nfu vktdjk mijh rkSj ij ns[kyk ij lq[kh vk
[kq'kgky nkaiR; cq>ckd Hkze gksbr vfN] eqnk Hkhrjh dq.Bk] la"k"kZ vk fojfDr drsd Hk;kog
gksbr vfN ls fd;ks ufg tkuSr NfFkA Hkk"kk uxjh; ifjos'kd mPp oxhZ; eSfFkyh vfNA
mís';%&dFkk fuEu vk eè;eoxhZ; yksdlHkd ,dVk feF;k èkkj.kkosQ¡ rksM+Sr vfNA
,dVk èkkj.kk vfN ts viQjkr iSlk lq[k ,s'o;Zd vkèkkj vfN vk egy es jg¿oyk rFkk
egx xkM+h ij p<+¿oyk naifÙk ,fg nqfu;kd lHkl¡ HkkX;'kkyh yksd gksbr NfFk vk fuEu
eè;eoxZ vksfg iSlk ,s'o;Z osQ¡ i;ckysy yykbr jgSr NfFk] vifl;kar jgSr NfFkA eqnk
lHkosQ¡ cq>ckd pkgh ;s thoud lHkl¡ vly oLrq ok lq[k vfNA izseA [kkl dfjosQ¡ ,dvk
naifÙkd okLrfodrk vk vkRek fFkd izse t¡ ls ofg r¿ thou ,dVk iqQfl egy ij Bk<+
vfNA
48 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 O;k[;k vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
izksú Jh mekukFk >k
dksf[k ,[kuks [kkfy, jgfu] ijap ifjokj fu;kstud izpkjd dkj.k ufgA 'kSysUnzd
O;olkf;d thou liQy jgfuA gqud vk; i;kZIrA ckgjl¡ dksuks izdkjd vHkko ufg nsf[k
iM+;A 'kgjd le`¼ Hkkxes viu edku] ukSdj&pkdj] xkM+hA lqUnjh lq'khyk iRuh yksd
'kSysUnz&lforkosQ¡ vkn'kZ ifr&iRuh cq>kfu tsuk ,d nksljkd fufeÙk fufeZr gksfFk&esM iQkj
bp vnjk Ñf=ke vk vÑf=kerkd vkoj.kl¡ >k¡iy xkgZLF;d :id eku ddjk NySd\
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd dFkk laxzg ¶vrhr¸d ¶¸nkEiR;¸
dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fgBke dFkkdkj ikBdds 'kSysUnz vk lforkd nkEiR; thoud
okLrfodrkl¡ ifjp; dj;ckd iz;kl djSr NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&'kSysUnzd O;Lr O;olkf;d thou vk ifjos'k es iRuh lfork ysy dksuks
LFkku ok dksu LFkku Nfu rdjk izfr baXySaM es i<+y&fy[ky O;olk;h 'kSysUnz tsuk csfiQØ
NfFkuA gqudj ;Sg O;ogkj nkEiR;thoud okLrfod vkèkkj la¡ gquwosQ¡ nwj djSr tk jgy
NfuA nkEiR;l¡ Lusg&leiZ.k vk thoud lq[k vk lq[kl¡ larku vk iqu% izse lq[kd lw=k
cuSr vfN eqnk nqHkkZX;l¡ lfork ,fglHkl¡ oafpr NfFk nkEiR;d vkRecapukes thcSr NfFk
vk lektd cukvksy nkEiR; thoud caèku es thokysy vfHk'kIr NfFkA ys[kd rdjs
mn~?kkVu d;us NfFkuA
HkkokFkZ%&fookgosQ¡ ,fg èkjrh ij lHkl¡ fof'k"V deZdk.M ekuy tk,r vfN
tdj ifj.kfr vfn nkEiR; vk vksdj ewy vfN vkfRed izse] eqnk t[ku fookg thoud
vkSipkfjdrk cfu tk; ns[kkok cfu tk; r[ku mijl¡ lqH;LFk vk lqUnj mnkgj.k cuy
nkaiR;d vkRek njfd tk, vfNA ,gu nkEiR; nkEiR; ufg vkRe&oapuk vfNA vfHku;
:id fcu ldSr vfN] eqnk okLrfod thou ufgA
dF;xr fo'ys"k.k%&dFkkdkj pyfp=kkRed <axl¡ ,dVk nkaiR;d lgu n`';l¡
lk{kkRdkj djkcS Nffku tr¿ fuEu vk eè;e oxhZ; ikBdd HkDd VqfV tkbr NfuA vaxzsth
vk ckaxyk dFkkd lqjfHk eSfFkyh ikBdosQ¡ HksVSr NfuA dFkkd dFkkoLrq lhfer lfgrgq¡ ,dVk
fojkV dSuokHkd fuekZ.k djSr vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 49
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
5- xke ?kjd xIi (dFkk)

dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&dFkkdkj ,fg dFkkes xke&?kjd ifjoskes ,dVk thoud okLrfod
lR;rkd mn~?kkVu djSr NfFkA tr¿ ckrs ckres eqf[k;kth miZQ HkqVdqu felj vk vksfdy
lkgsc miZQ prqHkqZt Bkdqjd g¡lh etkd ,dVk xaHkhj fo"k; cfu tk,r vfNA vksfdy
lkgsc ts xked dU;k fo|ky;d lsØsVªh NfFk vks viuk fo|ky;es t[ku iwf.kZek uke
lqUnfj ekLVjuhd fu;qfDr djSr NfFku r[ku eqf[k;k thd utfj iwf.kZekd ;kSou ij pfy
tk,r vfN vk vks vksfdy lkgcs dS mdlSckd iz;kl djSr NfFkuA r[ku vksfdy lkgsc
gqudk fgnk;r nSr NfFku vk iwf.kZekd dk:f.kd thoud dFkk lqucSr NfFkuA iwf.kZekd
firk isQdw ckcw gkbZLdwyes ekLVj Nykg cM~M izfrf"Br O;fDrA ifjokjd fLFkfr uhd ufg
jgfu fjVk;j djckl¡ iwoZ efj xsykgA iwf.kZek gqudj tsB larku NyfuA isQdw ckcwds csVhosQ¡
f'k{kk nsckd cM~M lkS[k Nyfu] eqnk xke ifjokjd yksd rrsd tksj dsydfUg ts isQowQ ckcw
viu tehu tky csfp csVhd C;kg viuk tkuSr uhd dqy'khy es vkfu JhdkUr ckcwd
iq=k cqpoqQu ls djvkSyfu ts ch-,- ikl dfjosQ¡ vkb-,-,l-d rS;kjh djSr NyA eqnk JhdkUr
ckcw Hk¿ cqpoqQu rrsd yksHkh Nykg ts iwf.kZekd firkl¡ fuR; uo oLrq tkrd ekax djfFk
ufg HksVyk ij iwf.kZekosQ¡ izrkfM+r djfFkA 'kuS% 'kuS% vks izrkM+uk le lhek yk¡f?k xsyk vares
gkfjosQ¡ iwf.kZek uSgj vkfc xsyhgA leLr o`rkUr lquSr isQowQ ckcw izk.k R;kfx nsyfuA r[ku
isQowQ ckcwd Ldwyd gsMekLVj iwf.kZekd fu;qfDr ysy vksfdy lkgsc osQ¡ i=k fy[kyfu vk
vksfdy lkgsc n;k djSr iwf.kZekd fu;qfDr dU;k fo|ky; es d;yfFkUgA bZ rF; lqfu
eqf[k;k th osQ¡ viu g¡lh etkd vk ;kSu fyIlk ij Xykfu HksyfuA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&dFkkd ewy ik=k NfFku iwf.kZek] eqf[k;kth isQowQ ckcw vksfdy
lkgscA dFkkdkj xke?kjd i`"Biwfe yksdd lksps lekth vkfnosQ¡ ,fg rjgs izLrqr d;us
NfFku ts dFkk drgq¡l¡ dkYifud ufg ykxSr vfNA eqf[k;k th lu èkqrZ] dkeh] isQowQ ckcw
lu laHkzkar JhdkUr vk cqPpu ckcq lu yksHkh iwf.kZek lu lgu'khy L=kh LokHkkfod ik=kd
LokHkkfod fp=k.kd |ksrd vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&dFkkdkj ?kVuk mi?kVukd chp dFkkd lw=kosQ¡ tsuk Hkwrdkyl¡
tksfM+ orZekud èkjkry ij lw=kc¼ djSr NfFk ls dFkkdkjd dFkdghosQ¡ ,dVk uo vk;ke
iznku djSr vfNA Hkk"kk uSlfxZd vfNA
mís';%&dFkkdkj xzke ?kjd yksdd L=khd izfr lksp vk ngst yksyqirk es HkLe
gks,r L=khd ftuxhosQ¡ LokHkkforkd vkoj.k naM ikBdosQ¡ ;FkkfLFkfrosQ¡ lkspok ysy foo'k
djSr NfFkuA
O;k[;k

gvks HkqVdqu] iwf.kZek ij ts utfj yxscgd r¡ lHk eqf[k;kiuh ?kksalkfjnscg vksdjk r¡

mfM+vk¡r fpM+S cq>Sr NgdA okLroes vks r¡ ik¡f[k dkVy fpM+S tdk¡ vlgk; vfNA vksdj
f[kLlk lqucgd r¡ rksgj eksu es yksHk txg ysrg vknj vks n;kA
50 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj mekukFk >k jfpr dFkklaxzg ¶vrhr¸d ¶xke èkjd vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
xIi¸ dFkke¡ ysy xsy vfNA o.kZu Øe es dFkkdkj ,fgBke iwf.kZekd lanHkZes vksfdy izksú Jh mekukFk >k
lkgscd mfDr m¼`r d;us NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&xked dU;k fo|ky;es vk;y lqUnj f'kf{kdk iwf.kZekosQ¡ nsf[k eqf[k;kthd
;kSu fyIlk tkfx tk,r Nfu vk ,fg fufer vks vksfdy lkgsc yx tqxkM+ Hkhjkc¿ ykxSr
vfNA r[ku vksfdy lkgsc gqudk iwf.kZekd okLrfodrkd ladsr ns;¿ ysy ,gu xIi dgSr
NfFkuA
HkkokFkZ%&xkel¡ uxj èkfj L=khosQ¡ ;ksX;k cq>¿cyk yksdosQ¡ L=khd ek¡lyrs Vk lq>Sr Nfu
vk vks viu dke ykSyqirk es L=khd ekuo Lo:is fclfj tkbr vfNA eqf[k;kth ,fg ikafrd
yksd NfFkA eqnk iwf.kZek HkkX;d ekjy ,dVk vcyk L=kh vfNA ts viu vfLrRoosQ¡ nk¡o
ij yxkosQ¡ viu uSgjd ifjokjosQ¡ ikslckd tqxr es ykxy vfNA ,fg dF;ka'k es vksfdy
lkgsc eqf[k;kthd fx¼ n`f"VosQ¡ n;kd n`f"Ves cnyckd ps"Vkd 'kq:vkr djSr NfFk laxs
viu fl¼kar Hkax djckd okLrfod rdZ nsckd iz;kl djSr NfFkA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&dFkkdkj dFkdgh Øees ijaijkxr 'kSyhd lax&lax d,dVk uo
iz;ksx d;us NfFku eqnk fgud o.kZu fo'ys"k.kl¡ dFkkd IykV x<+ckd ps"Vk izk;% lHk
dFkkes HksVSr vfNA ,fgBke lsgks rdjs ps"Vk vfNA Hkk"kk LokHkkfod vk ikBdosQ¡ dsusDV
dj¿oyk NfuA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 51
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
6- izk;f'pr (dFkk)

dFkkoLrq%&jkeckcw ,dVk vk'kqdFkkdkj NykgA vks xIid [ksrh djSr NfFk] iqQfl;kg
NfFk] iaQpfj NfFkA eqnk ,dfnu vks dfkk dguk; r;kfx nSr NfFkA pkgs yksd yk[k
vuqu;&fou; djSr NfUg vks dFkk ufg dgSr NfFkA ,d fnu laxhlkFkh vk fgr visf{kr
t[ku gqudk cM~M nckc nSr NfuA r[ku vks viu dFkkosQ¡ vfUre dgSr ,dVk okLrfod
dfkk dgSr NfFkA ts dksu rjgs ¡ vks viu i;ZVud le; es gksvyes ,dVk tksM+kd le{k
Hk;&cghues jksekal gks;ckd dfkk dgyfu vk vks tksM+K vksfg fnud ckn gksVyes ufg
ns[kk; iM+yA eqnk ,d fnu gqudk le{k ,dVk ?kVuk v;yfu ts vks tksM+k unhes Mwfc
vkRegR;k d¿ ysydA jkeckcw viu vksfg iqQfl;kg dFkkosQ¡ ts vks gksVyes vksfg tksM+k
osQ¡ nsf[k dgus Nykg ;k tkfg ij vks yksdfu fopfyr Hk¿ xsy Ny vk rdjk ckn vks
yksdfu gksVy NksfM+ nsyfu] rdjs gqudklHkd vkRegR;kd dkj.k ekyfuvks izk;f'pr Lo:i
vkthou dFkk ufg dgckd iz.k ysyfuA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&,fg dFkkes jke ckcw lu ik=k lektd chpd ik=k NfFkA
;qod&;qorh ts izseh ;qxy NfFk gqudj okLrfodrk dh Nyfu ls ikBdosQ¡ cspSu djSr NfuA
,fges ik=k vk pfj=k&fp=k.k l¡ cs'kh egRo ?kVuk&mi?kVukd vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&xIi 'kIi 'kSyh vk ukV~; lZoknd ekè;ela¡ dFkkd ts lw=k
dFkkdkj x<+Sr NfFku ls dFkkd¡ ljyrkl¡ ikBdosQ¡ dusDV djSr NfuA Hkk"kk uSlfxZd NfuA
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; cM~M lks> vfN ts ddjks euksjatu ysy nksljkosQ¡ uhpka ns[k;c
xjmfpr vfNA
O;k[;k

vgk¡yksdfu tkfurs Nh ts gej lHkVk xIi diksy dfYir gksbr Ny ;FkkFkZ ?kVukl¡
vksdjk dksuks laidZ ufg jgSr NySdA vk uS vksdjk lR; dFkk dfg ge ddjks Odckd
iz;kl d;yA gej èkaèkk iqQfl NyA g¡] vksdjk èkUèkk dgc mi;qDr ufg gks;r] dkj.k ts
gej ,dek=k mís'; vgk¡yksdfud euksjatu jgSr NyA gejk ykHk ,rcsHksy ts ge iqQfl;kg
dgvksygq¡A ijurq tkfg] ?kVukd vgk¡ dYiuk djSr Nh ls dfgvks ?kfVr ufg Hksy gks;rSd
ok dfg;ks ufg ?kfVr gksbrSd ls r¿ ufg dfg ldSr NhA vkdfYir t¡ ;FkkFkZ ln`'; Hk¿
tk; r[ku dsgu ifjfLFkfr mRiUu gksFkr ls r¡ lkspwA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd dfkk laxzg ¶vrhr¸d ¶izk;f'pr¸
'kh"kZd dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fgBke dFkkdkj jkeckcwd mfDrosQ¡ m¼Zr d;us NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&t[ku jke ckcwl¡ gqudj fudVd xked yksd f[kLlk lqusck ysy cM~M
vuqu;&fou; djSr NfFku r[ku ,dVk 'krZ ij vks f[kLlk lquk;c 'kq: djSr NfFku ts
bZ gqud (vfUre f[kLlk gksbrfu f[kLlkd diksydYiuk vk vksdj okLrfodrkses ifj.kr
gks;ckd laHkkouk ij izdk'k nSr vks ladsr nSr NfFku ls dgq[ku t¡ dYiuk lU;d :i
èkkj.kdfj yS r¡ dh gsrSA tsgu gqudk f[kLlk laxs vsy NfuA
52 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 HkkokFkZ%&f[kLlk dgfugkj d,d csj diksydYiukl¡ >wB lkWpd d,dVk Mksj idfM+ vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
euksjatukFkZ f[kLlk dgSr vfNA vksdjk ,dj ekuks ufg jgSr vfN ts vksdj dgy xsy izksú Jh mekukFk >k
f[kLlk d[kuks lR;ks Hk¿ ldSr vfNA eqnk t[ku vks lR; Hk¿ tk;r vfN vk t¡ vks dksuks
nq?kZVuk gks; r¡ lnk ysy f[kLlk dgfugkjd eksues ,dVk vn`'; nks"kkjksi.k Hkfj nSr vfN
vk thou Hkfj vks viu f[kLlk es dgy ?kVuk vk n`";osQ¡ rdj dkj.k ekfu cSlSrk vfN
vk vksdj eksu izk;f'pr djck ysy NViVkcSr vfNA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&dFkkdkj tkfg i`"BHkwfe ij bZ dfkk fy[kyfu ls ,dvk ;FkkFkZ
rF; fn; bljk djSr vfNA dFkk dgckd vkèkkj vk izLrqfrd vafre Nksj èkfj ikBd dFkk;¡
ckUgy jgSr vfNA Hkk"kk LokHkkfod vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 53
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl 7- vrhr (dFkk)

-----------,d---------nw--------rhu---------- pkfj----------ckjg % ,d fnu vkvksj chryA ,d

ekl] ,d o"kZ vkvksjA ,dVk vfyf[kr i`"B vkvksj muVyA e#LFkyes ,dVk fldrkd.k]
egklkxjes ,d Bksi ikfu foyhu Hk* xsyA nh&fuokZ.k Hksy] nhi izTofyr HksyA vU/
dkj&izdk'k] vUr vkfnA vkfn&vUrA-------
vks le;d ,fg vfoHkkT;] vfufoafPNy va'kd fu£ees[k nsf[k jgy NykgA ns'k]
dky] ik=kd f=koyhl¡ eqfDrd gqud vliQy iz;kl] gqud viw.kZ] viwj.kh; vfHkyk"kk
gqudk eekZgr d;us NyA ckyd vkoRrZl¡ cgj;ckd ,dek=k lk/u] ,d ek=k ekxZ Ny
foLr`frd fouk'k] fcuk dkyd foukld vlEHkoA
gqud n`f"V nsokyij Vkaxy ckyd izfrfuf/ ok izrhd ij iM+yfuA gkFk vuk;kl
dkpd isijosVij py xsyfuA u jgsxk ck¡l u ctsxh ck¡lqjhA iQsj viu usuiuij g¡lh
yxyfuA ?kM+h iQksM+ykl¡ drgq le;d xfr cUn HksySd vfNA lw;Z mxrkg vk MqcrkgA fnud
ckn jkfrA Írqd ifjoÙkZudA chtl¡ vadqj] vk vadqjd ifj.kfr ikr] iQwy] iQy gksbr chtes
dkyd vfLrRo] vksdj xfr'khyrkd ,fg nw;ksrd lHkd dksu mik;\
bZ vo'; ts vkfg nsoky ?kM+hd lax vusd o"kZd Le`fr lEi`ÙkQ NyA vusd lq[kn
nq%[kn {k.kd vks lk{kh NyA iqjku ifjos'kd lHk cU/u vks dkfV pqdy Nykg] bZ ,d
ek=k lw=k ck¡py jg;A ,djk rksM+c r¡ vR;Ur lgt NyA fdUrq vrhrd ,fg ,dek=k
oLrqd ifjR;kxl¡ vks vrhrl¡ eqDr ufg Hk* lfdrfFkA vrhrd izfr vklfDr&fojfDrd
Hkko fpjLFkk;h NyA vkthou vksfgl¡ =kk.k vlEHkoA vk ----vk&t¡ bZ lekIr Hk* tkbr r¡
vof'k"V dh jgSr\ thoud fjDrkd Hkkj osQ cgu d* losQr vfN\ fjDrkd Hkkj& osQgu
fojks/kHkkl] osQgu foMEcuk %
o`n~/ Hksykij yksd izk;% vrhr es jgSr vfN] orZekuosQ¡ foljckd iz;kl djSr vfN]
Hkfo";d dYiuk nq%[kn gksbr NSdA fdUrq thoud eè;kÉfges gqudk orZeku rFkk Hkfo";
lkjghu cqf> iM+; yxyfu vk vksfg nquwosQ¡ vLohdkj diykd ckn rL; r`rh;kxfrHkZofrA
vFkok ;|fi vks fujUrj vrhrd R;kx djckd iz;Ru'khy jgfFk] vrhr gqudk ufg NksfM+fuA
viu Nk;kd ifjR;kx fd laHko NSdA
Nk;k fnud iwokZ/ rFkk ijk/Zd fHkUu gksbr NSd] vk eè;kÉes ljLouhd /kjk tdk¡
yksi Hk* tkbr NSdA gqud Nk;k r¡ us vxzxkfeuh jgfFku] vkus vuqxkfeuhA gqud vfLrRo
izdk'kij ufg fuHkZj jgfuA oLrqr% vks izdk'kd Ïksr jgfFk] Nk;k uke loZFkk vuqi;qDrA
^tkru dh >kbZa iM+s ';ke gfjr n~;qfr gksbZA* vk fcuk jk/kd ';ke Ñ".k Hk* tkfFkA
trkdh.kZ lalkjl¡ vks Hkkfx vk;y jgfFk] nwj------ cgqr nwjA fdarq viu laxfrd dksuk
ifjR;kx dfjrfFk\ rFkk viu lax viu vrhrdA gqud tughu ifjos'k Nk;kladqy NyA
t¡ ,fg Nk;kyksdes osQoy gqud Nk;k l'kjhj fo|k;ke jfgrfFku r¡ gqud ,dkUres iw.kZr;k
vkfc t;rSdA ,fg viw.kZrk] ,fg fjDrkd Hkkj vkc vlá Hk* jgy NyA
t¡ vks ÑfÙkdkd uke ufg cnfy nsus jgrfFkA vksfg ukees dhu nks"k jgSd\ ^dr;
vgk¡d eD[ku lu 'kjhj vk* ekse lk LoHkko vk dr; vgk¡d uked ddZ'krk*& vks ,d
fnu dgus jgfFk iafMrjktd ^;ouks uouhr dkseykaxh* lquk nsus jgfFk] vk* vUres gqud
54 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
iqu% ukedj.k d;us jgfFkA fdUrq t¡ gqudk osQoy dksey uked vUos"k.k jgfu r¡ Nk;k l¡ vrhr (dFkk laxzg) dFkkdkj
vf/d dksey vusd uke HksfVrfuA vk r[ku ^vukfedk lkFkZorhoHkwc* tdk¡ Nk;k&Nkj;k izksú Jh mekukFk >k
ufg Hk* t;rfuA vk lsgks osQoy vokLrfodrkd vFkZesA Nk;kd nkslj xq.k gksbr NSd
oLrqd lax vksdj lEi`ÙkQrkA cfÉ tdk¡] okxFkZ tdk¡] Nk;k dgSr le; gqud eues b,g
ckr jgfuA eqnk muVs cq>yg gks jkeA
30 uoacj d* f'kf'kjd vkxeud iwoZ laè;kes dfo gkmleSuosQ¡ eq[;r% Lej.k
gksbfu ^gkm fMd oqM iQhy n dksYM*A fMd&dfod vfHk fe=k] tfudk vkc tkM+d Hk;
ufg jgfu fd,d r¡ vks i`FohosQ¡ viu vksojdksV cuk usus jgfFk vFkkZr~ vkc vks i`Fohd
dksf[kes jgfFkA o"kZd ifgy fnu ÑfÙkdkd] Nk;kd] {k.kfg nsoky ?kM+h gqudk ,fg ckrd
lwpuk nsydfuA ?kM+h ufg jfgr;] ?kM+h es rkfj[k ufg jfgrSd] ?kM+h cUn Hk* t;r;] iQsafd
nsy t;r; r gqudk ifgy tuojhd Kku ufg gksbrfrA fdUrq ,fg fnuosQ fclckd gqud
bPNk vrsd izcy jgfu vksrc; izcy jgfu vksdjk Lej.k j[kckd bPNkA fgySr nk¡res
thg fHkM+ykl¡ nnZ gksbr NSd rFkkfi vksdj Li'kZd yksHk lapj.k vlaHkoA nnZ NqVy ok ufg
rdj ftKklkA ,fg izdkjd ftKklk izk;% gqudk ifgy tuojhosQ Lej.k j[kkod gsrq ckè;
djSr NyfuA
?kM+h ckjg ctk; viu ,d rk=k dÙkZO;d ikyu d;yd] viu vfLrRod lkFkZdrk
fl¼ d;yd vk uoo"kZd vkxeud ?kks"k.kk djSr HkwrosQ¡ oÙkZeku d* nsydA Nk;kosQ 'kjhfj.
kh d* nsydA d#.kL;ew£rjFk ok 'kjkjf.k fojgO;FkSo ouesfrtkudhA 'kjhj Hkkod izfrew£r]
Hkko 'kjhjd izfrew£ÙkA :i] jl] Li'kZ ok xa/d vuqHkwfr d[kugq yksdosQ¡ dYiuktxrl¡
;FkkFkZes y* vuSr vfN r¡ d[kugq ;FkkFkZl¡ dYiukyksdes y* tkbr vfNA vk gqud Le`fres
dVqrk fjÙkQrkd lax ek/q;Z lsgks jgfuA
^phiQyh vkb fjeEcj gkm fMd oqM iQhy n dksYM* dfo fy[kyfuA ^phiQyh&eq[;r%
dfod Le`friVyij viu fe=kd nsgkolku lHkl¡ Li"V Nyfu fdUrq vksdj laxfg viu
fe=kd lkfUuè;d cks/ lsgks Hksy gks;rfu fdUrq rdjk vks viu dforkes vO;Dr] izPNUu
NksfM+ nsyfuA uo o"kZd vkxeud lwpuk vksgh izdkjs ¡ vusd Nk;kosQ¡ eww£Ùkeku d* nsydA
vusd NksV iS?k ?kVuk] vusd lq[ke;] Dys'kdj eqgqÙkZ iqu% vuqHkwr gksv; ykxyA muVk
?kqekvksy pyfp=k tdk¡ Üka`[kykc¼ ufgA vk gqud eq¡gl¡ vuk;kl cgj;yfuA
^Nk;k] mBw uoo"kZd izFke fdj.k vgk¡d pqEcud vkrqj izrh{kkes vfNA*
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&,fg dFkkes dFkkdkj bZ ns[kkc¿ pkgSr NfFku ts uk;d viuk vkiosQ¡

lqUnj vrhres jk[k¿ pkgSr NfFkA gqudk orZeku vk Hkfo"; vlg~; cq>uk tkbr Nfu] rs ¡
vks le;d lus ns;¿oyk Hksx NM+hosQ¡ iQksM+¿ pkgsr NfFku eqnk vksdjkses Lo;a ds foo'k
ikcSr NfFkA iqu% vFku eksuosQ¡ lkarouk nSr orZeku xrZes lekcSr viu izsfedk lax uoo"kZd
mRlod pdkpkSaèkesa lek tk,r NfFkA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&,fg dFkkd ik=kl¡ cslh egRoiw.kZ vfN ifjfLFkfr vk fopkj ts
ik=kd pfj=k&fp=k.k ij gkWch Hk¿ tk,r vfNA ik=k ?kVukd cnySr dkYifud vk okLrfod
Lo:ies drkS fcyk tk,r vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 55
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl f'kYi&'kSyh vk Hkk"kk%&izrhd vk fcEc 'kSyh Lora=krkd cknd dFkkes tsuk ,dVk
VªsaM tdk¡ mHkjy NyA bZgks dFkk rd mnkgj.k vfNA uxjh; ifjos'k es i<+y&fy[ky yksdd
Hkk"kkes ts if'pdh jax&jkSxu vfN rdjks >yd ,djk es HksVSr vfNA
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; thoud okLrfodrkosQ¡ vksdj ;FkkFkZ Lo:ies Lohdkfj vkxw
c<+ckd lans'k nSr vfNA
O;k[;k

bZ vo'; ts vksfg nsoky ?kM+hd lax vusd o"kZd Le`fr lEi`Dr NyA vusd lq[kn
nq%[kn {k.kd vks lk{kh NyA iqjku ifjos'kd lHk caèku vks dkfV pqdy Nykg] bZ ,dek=k
lw=k ck¡py jg; ,djk rksM+c r¡ vR;ar lgt NyA fdUrq vrhrd ,fg ,dek=k oLrqd
ifjr;kxl¡ vks vrhrl¡ eqDr ufg Hk¿ vfdrfFkA vrhrd izfr vklfDr&fojfDrd Hkko
fpjLFkk;h Ny] vkthou vksfgl¡ =kk.k vlaHkoA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|kaèk dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd dFkk laxzg ¶vrhr¸d izrhdkRed
dFkk vrhrl ysy xsy vfNA ,fges dFkkdkj uk;dd eksud vleatld iM+rky d;us
NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&vrhr osQ¡ fcljckd vliQy ps"Vk djSr orZekul¡ Hkkxckd vk Hkfo";d
izfr fu"ps"V jgckd ts var}ZU} uk;dd eksues pfy jgy Nfu rkfg ifjfLFkfres vks dh
lHk lkspSr vfN rdjs euksHkkod n`'; ,fgBke [khapy xsy vfNA
HkkokFkZ%&O;fDr pkfg;ksosQ¡ viu vrhres d;y fØ;kdykids fclfj ldSr vfN vk
uS vksdj iQy&dqiQyl¡ oafpr jfg ldSr vfNA vkthou vks vksdjklax tqM+y jgcs drjA
vks viu vrhrl¡ pkgs yk[k nwj Hkkxckd iz;kls djr vrhr vksdjk ikNw&Hkkxw pySr jgrA
dF;xr fo'ys"k.k%&izrhd fcEcd dFkk'kSyhd chp euksfo'ys"k.kkRed laokn vk
O;fDrd ekufld vUr}ZUnds cM~M lq{erkl¡ ,fg dFkkes lesVy xsy vfNA Hkk"kk LokHkkfod
vk ikBdl¡ lEi`Dr vfNA
vH;klkFkZ iz'u

1- dFkkdkj mekukFk >kd eSfFkyh dFkk lkfgR; es ;ksxnkuosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A

2- jgL; 'kh"kZd dFkkd rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k d:A
3- t;Urh 'kh"kZd dFkkd fo'ks"krk osQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
4- nkEiR; 'kh"kZd dFkkd fo'ks"krk osQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
5- xke?kjd xIi 'kh"kZd dFkkd fo'ks"krk osQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
6- izk;f'pr 'kh"kZd dFkkd fo'ks"krk osQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
7- vrhr 'kh"kZd dFkkd fo'ks"krk osQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
8- O;k[;kd iz'uA

56 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
bdkbZ&5 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk % dkek[;k nsoh
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
ikB&lajpuk
• ,fg dFkk laxzgd lanHkZ es laikfndk dkek[;k nsohd fopkj
1- nsg (dFkk)&dFkkdkj xaxs'k xqatud voknku] dFkkd rfÙod fo'ys"k.k]
O;[;k
2- yky dkMZ (dFkk)&dFkkdkj Jh jk/ko`Q".k voknku] dFkkd rfÙod fo'ys"k.k]
O;[;k
3- VqVSr dhyr tk¡r (dFkk)&dFkkdkj izks- ek;kuUn feJd voknku] dFkkd
rfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;[;k
4- <si (dFkk)&dFkkdkj izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh] dFkkd rfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;[;k
5- ,d [khjk rhu iQkad (dFkk)&dFkkdkj jkenso >kd voknku] dFkkd rfÙod
fo'ys"k.k] O;[;k
6- ,d ih<+hd varj (dFkk)&dFkkdkj izks- jkteksgu >kd voknku] dFkkd
rfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;[;k
7- iQaljhd nw Nksj (dFkk)&dFkkdkj MkW- 'kSiQkfydk oekZd voknku] dFkkd
rfÙod fo'ys"k.k] O;[;k
8- dapfu;k¡ (dFkk)&dFkkdkj yfyrd voknku] dFkkd rfÙod fo'ys"k.k]
O;[;k
9- eksM+ (dFkk)&dFkkdkj izks- galjktd voknku] dFkkd rfÙod fo'ys"k.k]
O;[;k
• vH;klkFkZ iz'u

laikfndk dkek[;k nsohd dFkk laxzgd lanHkZ es fopkj

thoud dFkk
thou ,dVk dFkk fFkdµ[kkgs vks euq";d] i'kq&i{khd ok dksuk cu&cuLifrd
thou gksA thoud dksuks {k.kd ?kVukl¡ dFkkd fuekZ.k Hk* losQr NSdA tr, dFkkoLrq]
ik=k vk jld leUo; Hk* tkbd vks dFkk dgy tkbr vfNA
dFkk ekuoh; laosnukd gsrq vR;Ur vkd"kZd oLrq FkhdA NksV cPpk viu ukuh&ckchd
eq¡gl¡ dFkk lquSr vfNA d[kuks&d[kuks r¡ vks dFkk lquckes ,rsd thu Hk* tkbr vfN ts
viugq¡ osQ fclfj tkbr vfNA vksfg voLFkk esa vks vR;Ur fu'Ny jgSr vfN] r¡ dFkkd
lHk ik=k] ,rsd /fj ts i'kq&i{kh vk xkN&fcjhNosQ vks ekuo tdk¡ thoUr vk laosnu'khy
cq>Sr vfNA rsa lHk izdkjd dFkk] tsuk nsoh&nsork] vkdk'k&ijh] Hkwr&izsr vksdjk gsrq vR;Ur
jkspd ,oa ;FkkFkZ izrhr gksbr NSdA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 57
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl fefFkyk es f/;k&iqrk tksdjd dFkk yksddFkkd :ies dksfV'k% d.B es fo|eku
vfNA ,dj vfrfjDr oV&lkfo=khd lkfo=kh&lR;okud dFkk] e/qJko.khd xkSjh'kadj] yhyh
vkfnd] yksfjd] lygsl] uSdk vkfn ,gu vusd dFkk vfN ts viu yksdfiz;rkd gsrq
izfl¼ vfNA ,fg dFkk lHkd ladyu d, Jh ef.kiÁth eSfFkyh dFkkd Hk.MkjosQ le`¼
d;yfuA Jh galjktd ^vks ts dgyfu* rFkk ^,xks jgfFk jktk* (dFkk&laxzg) vkfn lsgks
mYys[kuh; vfNA
laLÑr lkfgR;es dFkklfjRlkxj] fgrksins'k vk iapra=k f'k{kk&iz/ku dFkkd :ies
izfl¼ vfNA bZ dFkk lHk y?kq vkdkjd HksyA ,fges vf/drj i'kq&i{kh vk xkN&o`{kd
ekè;el¡ fofHkUu izdkjd ik=kd fp=k.k Hksy vfNA izR;sd dFkkd vUres ,dVk mins'kd
funsZ'k d;y xsy vfN rS ,djk uhfrijd dFkk dgc laxr gks;rA
uhfrijd dFkkd :ies yksddFkk lsgks jgy r¡ bZ dgc vlaxr ufg gks;r ts izkphu
dkyes dFkkd fuekZ.k dksuks uhfrd funsZ'kud gsrq gks;r NyA
laLÑr lkfgR;d fo}ku~ yksdfu egkdkO; vks ukVdd dFkkudd O;k[;k uhd tdk¡
d;us NfFk ijUrq dFkkd Lora=k vfLrRod fo"k;es vks yksdfu vf/d fopkj ufg d;yfuA
ikSjkf.kd vk[;kf;dk iqjk.k lHkes HksVSr vfNA dknEcjh vkfn dFkkdkO; furkur fo'kky
vfNA fdUrq vk/qfud y?kq dFkkd :i r¡ laLÑr lkfgR;es ifjyf{krs ufg gksbr vfNA r¡
dFkkd LorU=k vfLrRoosQa fo}ku~ yksdfu dkO;d vU; fo/k tdk¡ ,dVk LorU=k fo"k;d
:ies Lohdkj ufg d;us NfFkA
y?kqdFkkd O;k[;k ik'pkR; fo}ku~ yksdfu uhd tdk¡ d;us NfFkA
laLÑrd fo}ku~ yksdfu ukVd ok egkdkO;d dFkkudd fo"k;es ts dgyfu rFkk
ik'pkR; fo{ku~ y?kqdFkkd fo"k;es ts er O;Dr d;us NfFk rdj vk/kj ij dgy tk
losQr vfN ts dFkkes oLrq] usrk vk jl eq[; rÙo FkhdA
vk/qfud y?kqdFkkd gsrq nw Vk vkvksj eq[; rÙo ekuy tkbr vfNA vks fFkd
laf{kIrrk ,oa lq Ük`a[kyrkA
dFkkoLrq thoud dksuks {kf.kd vuqHko ok ?kVuk Hk* losQr vfNA mnkgj.kLo:i
Jh ef.kiÁd ^lkfgR;dkjd ,d fnu* vk Jh xksfoUn >kd ^ikrd euqD[k* fyv*A nquw
dFkk nw izdkjd ?kVukd funsZ'k djSr vfNA ijUrq vks lk/kj.k xIil¡ mQij] fo'oO;kih
vuqHkwfrd mn~?kkVu djSr vfNA r¡ dksuks ?kVukd vksfg :id o.kZu ts ekuo ân;d
laosnukosQa izHkkfor d* ld,] dFkkoLrqd :ies xzg.k d;y tk, losQr vfNA
ekuo ân; osQ laosnu'khy cu;ckd gsrq Ük`axkfjd midj.k ok ekfjihV vkfnd
o.kZu lqyHk lk/u vfN] r¡ vk/qfud dFkk es vksfg izdkjd jgL;&jksekapd o.kZud
izo`fÙkosQa lLrkSvk jpukd laKk nsy tkbr vfNA vk/qfud y?kqdFkkd gsrq] loZlk/kj.k
O;fDrd thoud NksV&NksV ?kVukd fp=k.k fo'ks"kiz'kaluh; vfNA ,fg n`f"V,¡ Jh jkekuUn
js.kq d ^rS;ks*] Jh yhykuUn flag >kd ^tgyd uksj*] Jherh fueZyk Bkdqjd ^nqfgrk*] Jh
lqHkk"kpUnz ;knod ^dkBd cuy yksd* vkfn dFkk Lej.kh; vfNA ,fg dFkk lHkes dksuks
O;fDr&fo'ks"kd ekè;es loZlk/kj.kd thoud O;k[;k d;y xsy vfNA
58 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vk/qfud y?kqdFkkd ik=k osQvks Hk* losQr vfNA dFkkd ik=kd gsrq oSHko'kkyh] lqUnj eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
ok izfrHkkoku~ gks;c dksuks izfrc¼rk uS NSdA Hkkjrh; dkO;&'kkL=kd ijEijkxr ekU;rkd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
vuqdwy bZ izo`fÙk ufg NSd] ijUrq vktqd dkO;fo/kes ,fg ijEijkd fuokZg vko';d ufg dkek[;k nsoh
ekuy xsy vfNA thoud lexzrkd fp=k.kd gsrq ,fg ekU;rkosQa rksM+c vko';d Hk* xsySd
vfNA vk/qfud y?kqdFkkd bZ oSf'k"V; fFkd ts ;qx&;qx l¡ misf{kr oxZ tsuk gfjtu] efgyk
vkfnd fp=k.k dFkkd eq[; ik=kd :ies d;y xsyA Mk- jkenso >kd ^euqd lUrku*]
Jh jekuUn js.kqd ^yYy* vkfn dFkk ,fg dksfVd fof'k"V jpuk FkhdA
dFkkud laf{kIr vks lqlEc¼ gksv,] ls y?kqdFkkd gsrq vR;ko';d vfNA vk/qfud
O;Lr ;qxes] tkfg dFkkl¡ ,osQ csjd cslkM+hl¡ ikBd dkO;d vkuUn izkIr d* ldfFk] rkfg
vuq:i NksV vkdkjes dFkkd jpuk gks;c uhd ekuy tkbr vfNA
y?kqdFkkes okÙkkZyki vks thoun'kZu vkfnd vfLrRo viu egÙoiw.kZ LFkku j[kSr
vfNA ijUrq ,dj vHkkogq¡ dFkkd fuekZ.k Hk* losQr NSd vk r¡ drsd dFkk dFkkud ek=k
lsgks gksbr vfNA vk/qfud dFkkes i=k&ys[ku] Mk;jhd iUuk vkfn vusd jhfr izpfyr vfNA
eSfFkyh dFkk&lkfgR;es ,fg uohu jhfrosQa Jh eU=ks'oj >k viukSyfu vfNA gqud vusd
dFkk ,fg jhfrd vUrxZr vcSr vfNA ijUrq bZ izo`fÙk ,[ku iw.kZ fodflr ufg Hksy vfNA
thoud ifjoÙkZu'khy ifjos'kes vk/qfud y?kqdFkkd :ies lsgks fnukuqfnu ifjoÙkZu
vcSr jgy vfNA r¡ LokrU=;ksÙkj dFkk vusd va'kes Lora=krkl¡ iwoZd dFkkl¡ fHkUu vfNA
vks dksu oLrq Fkhd ts LokrU=;ksÙkj eSfFkyhdFkkosQa Lora=krkl¡ iwoZd dFkkl¡ fHkUu djSr
vfN& bZ rF; fopkj.kh; vfNA
Lora=krkl¡ iwoZd eSfFkyh dFkk Hkkjrh; ijEijkd cU/ul¡ iw.kZr;k eqDr ufg NyA tsuk
uk;d ok ukf;dkes yksdksÙkj xq.kd vfLrRo] dFkkosQa lq[kkUr djckd vkxzg vkfn ,gsu rÙo
vfN ts vizR;{kr;k ijEijkxr ekU;rkl¡ c¼ jgyA
ijUrq vk/qfud dkyes drsd izdkjd rF; vfN tdj dkj.ksa vksfg ijEijkd fuokZg
vko';d ufg jgyA ,djk uhd tdk¡ cq>ckd gsrq rhu&pkfjVk fo"k; n`f"ViFk ij vcSr
vfN %
1- uSfrd ewY;] 2- fpUru izfØ;k] 3- lkekftd ifjos'k rFkk 4- 'kfDr vks lÙkkd
izkfIrd izfr vkxzgA
1- uSfrd ewY;
egkHkkjrd ,dVk va'kes /eZjkt ;qf/f"Bjl¡ iz'u Hksy vfN ts& vgk¡d ek, r¡
fpj;kSouk NfFkA vr% gqudk ns[kykl¡ vgk¡d n;es d[kugq¡dkeHkkouk txSr vfN ok ufg\
;qf/f"Bj r¡ /eZjkts NykgA vks iQwfl ufg ckft losQr NykgA nkslj fnl ek,d izfr
,gu fopkj f'k"Vrkd fo#¼ Ny rFkkfi ,fg izlaxes vks LohdkjkRed mÙkj nsyfuA
bZ r¡ egkHkkjrd dFkkd lUnHkZ FkhA ijUrq Hkkjrh; lkfgR;es ek; r¡ lgtfga] ts vkud
fookfgrk L=kh lesrd izfr dkeHkkoukd o.kZu jlkHkkl dgy xsy vfNA Li"V vfN ts
,fg izdkjd HkkoukosQa vuqfpr ekuy xsy vfNA r¡ bZ dgc vR;qfDr ufg gks;r ts tr;
;FkkFkZ vk vkn'kZes fojks/kHkkl mRiUu gksbr vfN] Hkkjrh; fpUrd yksdfu vkn'ksZd izfr
vkLFkk O;Dr d;yfu vfNA laxfg bgks Lej.kh; ts lkfgR; in viufg es fgr Hkkkoukd
|ksrd FkhdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 59
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl r¡ tkfgl¡ lektd dY;k.k gksbd ,fg izdkjd lkfgR;osQa gejk yksdfud iwoZt
izJ; nsyfuA
,fg izdkjsa lkfgR; /eZ vks laLÑfrd vf/d fudV HksyA ts dFkk /k£ed ekU;rkd
izfrdwy Hksy vksdj vuknjd lax izpkj vks izlkjd ekxZ vo:¼ Hk* xsyA
,Egj Lora=krkd i'pkr~ Hkkjr fo'od lEidZes izR;{kr;k vkc, ykxyA fo'od
fpUrud izHkko oÙkZeku Hkkjrh; yksdfuij iM+yA
chle 'krkCnhes iQk;Md fopkj/kjk laiw.kZ fo'od fpUrd yksdfuosQa viuk fnl
vkÑ"V d;ydA
gqud fopkjd ewy dF; Fkhd ts ekuod fØ;k&dykid vk/kj vksdj;kSu izo`fÙk
gksbr NSdA tsuk ,dVk iq#"k Vkdk ,fg gsrq dekbr vfN ts vksdjk fo'okl NSd ts
vksdj iRuh ,fgl¡ izlUu jgrSd rFkk vksdj izR;sd vkdka{kkosQa iw£Ùk djckes ;ksxnku nsrSdA
ifr&iRuh ek=kd lEcU/ es ufg] iQk;M firk&iq=k] ekrk&iq=kh lHkd chpd lEcU/ es ;kSu
izo`fÙkd izk/kU; ekuSr NfFkA ,dj n`"VkUr vks ,fg izdkjsa nSr NfFk ts ,dVk firk viu
iq=kosQa ,fg gsrq ihVSr Nsd ts vksdj eud vpsru voLFkkes iq=kd izfr vkØks'kd Hkkouk
O;kIr jgSr NSdA firk viu iq=kosQ uo;kSouk iRuhij ,dkf/iR; lekIr d;fugkj izfr}
a}hd :ies lsgks ns[kSr NSdA ,fg izdkjd vusd n`"VkUr }kjk vks fl¼ d, nsus NfFk ts
euq";d dke&izo`fÙk l,g lHkVk fØ;k&dykid eq[; dkj.k gksbr vfNA
iQk;Md viu fl¼kUrd Li"V foospuk fo'od fpUru&/kjkosQa uohu eksM+ iznku
d;ydA Hkkjr es lsgks ,dj izHkko iM+yA
euq";d dke&izo`fÙkd ,fg izdkjd ppkZ egkHkkjrd mDr lUnHkZes lsgks vfHkO;aftr
Hksy vfNA r¡ bZ ekfu ysc vlaxr gks;r ts izkphu Hkkjrh; fpUrd yksdfu ,fg izdkjd rF;
ufg tuSr NykgA g¡] ,fg izdkjd izo`fÙkosQa ekuoksfpr ekfurgq¡ ,dj ppkZosQa vO;kogkfjosQVk
ufg] izR;qr ikitud cq>yfuA r¡ lkfgR;es lsgks ,rck e;kZnk jk[ky xsy ts os';k] vkud
fookfgrk L=kh vkfnd izfr vklfDrd Hkko] vksdj o.kZu jl ufg] jlkHkkl HksyA
lEizfr ,fg izdkjd ekU;rk dkO;'kkL=kd ,dVk vax ek=k jfg xsy vfNA uj&ukjhd
lgt vkd"kZ.kosQa vk/qfud lkfgR;dkj udkfj ufg ldykg vfNA vkn'kZd lhek&js[kkl¡
HkkoukosQa dq.BkxzLr djc oÙkZeku dFkkdjosQa Lohdk;Z ufgA
2- fpUru izfØ;k
ifjoÙkZu'khy eU;rkd ,fg ifjos'kes dFkkdkjosQa ,d fnl tr; Hkkoukd mUeqDr
vfHkO;atukd volj izkIr Hksyfu rrfg nkslj fnl gqudk yksdfud le{k bZ iz'ufpÉ
mifLFkr Hk* xsyfu ts ,fg izdkjd ekU;rkd mís'; dh\
lkfgR;d ts ifjHkkf"kd 'kCn vfN rkfg vuqlkjsa yksdfgrd è;s; dfod izR;sd
Ñfres gks,c vko';dA oLrqr% lkfgR;dkj Lo;a lân; gksbr NfFk rFkk dksuks ;qxd
dykdkj lkSUn;Z vks yksdfgrd Hkkoukl¡ foeq[k ufg Hk* losQr NfFkA uohu ifjos'k es
;FkkFkZijd ekU;rkosQa eq[kj djc oÙkZeku lkfgR;&dkjd fpUrud eq[; dÙkZO; Hk* xsy
vfNA ,gh lax vktqd dFkkdkj viu ijEijkxr laLdkjd rknkRE; LFkkfir djSr thoud
uohu ewY;d vUos"k.k es jr NfFkA
60 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
3- lkekftd ifjos'k eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
tfguk iQk;M egksn; dkeosQa ekuod xfrfof/d eq[; Ïksr ekuyfu rfguk dkyZ dkek[;k nsoh
ekDlZ vk£Fkd vk/kjosQa ekuo lEcU/d eq[; Ïksr ekuyfuA ekDlZ izR;sd ns'kd lkekftd
O;oLFkkd vk/kj vksdj vk£Fkd O;OFkkosQa ekufyuA vks bfrgkld fodkl Øees fo'okl
j[kSr NykgA gqud dgc Nyfu ts izR;sd ;qxd mRiknud ,dVk fo'ks"k <ax gksbr NSd rFkk
vksdjs vuqlkjsa vksfg ;qxd lH;rk] laLÑfr] jktuhfr] /eZ] lkekftd O;oLFkk rFkk n'kZud
fuekZ.k gksbr NSdA ,dj izHkko vksfg ns'kd lkfgR;ks ij iM+c LokHkkfod NSdA
,fg vk£Fkd O;oLFkk vFkok mRiknud laca/ es ifjoÙkZu vcSr jgSr NSd rFkk vksdjs
vuqlkjsa mDr vU; oLrqes ifjoÙkZu vcSr NSdA
izR;sd ;qxes mRiknud lk/uij tkfg oxZd fu;a=k.k jgSr NSd vksdjs gkFkes jktuSfrd
lÙkk jgSr NSdA
ekDlZ ,sfrgkfld fodklosQa pkfj ;qxes foHkDr d;yfuA ifgy vkfn lkE;okn
;qx (t[ku O;fDrxr lEifÙkd /kj.kkd tUe ufg Hksy NySd)] nkslj nkl ;qx (t[ku
lEifÙkd jsoky vkjaHk Hk* xsy NySd)] rslj lkeUr'kkgh ;qx (t[ku fdNq iS?k&iS?k tehankj
lHk Nykg) rFkk pkfje iawthoknh ;qxA
lEizfr ,d oxZ iawthoknd fN,sd rFkk nkslj oxZ JfeddA oÙkZeku lektosQa ,gh nw
oxZes foHkDr djSr ekDlZ dgSr NfFk ts nquw es d[kugq¡ esy ufg Hk* losQr NSdA iawthifrd
'kks"k.kd fo#¼ Jfed oxZ fujUrj la?k"kZ'khy jgrSd rFkk fot; vUres JfeosQd gsrSdA
iawthifr Jfedd Jed mfpr ewY; iznku ufg djSr NfFk r¡ vkdfg oxZosQa (iwathifrosQa)
'kks"kd oxZ rFkk Jfed oxZosQa 'kksf"kroxZd laKk nsy xsyA
ekDlZ egksn;d bZ ?kk"k.kk fo'od fpUrd yksdfuosQa izHkkfor d;yd rFkk lektes
ØkfUr vk;yA
LokHkkfod vfN ts ,fg l¡ lkfgR; izHkkfor Hksy vk fo'o&lkfgR;d /kjkes ,dVk
vkvksj eksM+ vk;yA lektd 'kksf"kr oxZ 'kks"kd oxZd fo#¼ viu Loj eq[kj d;ydA
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k yksdfu tr; ^;n~Hknza rUu vklqo* dfg viuk gsrq mRFkkud Hkkouk
O;Dr d;yfu rkgh LFkkiuij 'kwnz vk L=khosQa ,fg ea=kd mPpkj.k djckl¡ oafpr d,] ,d
izdkjsa vksfg oxZd gsrq ,fg Hkkoukd nsgfj vo#¼ d* nsyfuA
fo'od vf/drj Hkkxes ,gh izdkjd izo`fÙk ifjyf{kr Hk* jgy vfNA
,djs izfrfØ;kes vusd lkfgfR;d fo/kes ifjoÙkZu vk;y rFkk iwoZ izpfyr ijEijkd
vuqlkjsa uk;d&ukf;dkd gsrq fof'k"V :i&xq.kd vko';drk vFkZghu Hk* xsyA
r¡ oÙkZeku dFkkd dyki{kd LFkku :i&oSHko ufg] dFkkdkjd uohure lS¼kfUrd
eU;rkd vfHkO;fDr 'kSyh y* ysydA
,fgl¡ Li"V vfN ts ekU;rk ifgus vk rdj vfHkO;atuk i'pkr~ gksbr vfNA
eSfFkyhd oÙkZeku dFkkdkj ;FkkFkZijd vfHkO;atukosQa ekU;rk nSr NfFkA ijUrq ,r;
,dVk rF; fopkj.kh; vfNA vks bZ ts ;FkkFkZ vks uXurkes Hksn vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 61
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl uXurk ;FkkFkZd fudV vo'; ijUrq fo`".kd izsjd FkhdA lektes izpfyr dqjhfr
vk O;fDrd dq.BkosQa rksM+c Js;Ldj vfN bZ rF; fu£ookn vfN] ijUrq vksfg izdkjd
izo`fÙkosQa míhIr djc lkfgR;dkjd dÙkZO; ufg gksbr vfN tkfgl¡ lektes vO;oLFkkd
lkezkT; gksbdA
r¡ dksuks jpukes ,dVk thou&n'kZud izfr vkLFkkd vfHkO;atuk vko';d vfNA
;fn ,fg rF;osQa oÙkZeku mnh;eku dFkkdkj cq>fFk vk xefFk r¡ eSfFkyhd dFkk
lkfgR; vkvksj vf/d mUufr'khy gks;rA
dFkkd thou
eSfFkyh dFkk/kjkd nwVk eq[; Ïksr vfN& ,dVk yksddFkk] tsuk /k£ed dFkk vkfn
,oa nkslj lkfgfR;d dFkkA
,r; lkfgR; inl¡ i<+y&xquy lektl¡ lEc¼ dkO; ek=k vfHkizsr vfNA
yksddFkkd {ks=k es Mk- cztfd'kksj oekZ ^ef.kiÁ* lHkl¡ vf/d dk;Z d;yfu vfNA
Mk- Jh t;/kjh flagd ^tkrd dFkk* Jh galjktd ^vks ts dgyfu* ,oa ^,xks jgfFk jktk*
vkfn ,fg dksfVd dFkk FkhdA
f}rh; dksfVd dFkk lkfgR; vusd ys[kd }kjk jpy xsy vfNA ,fg es JhÑ".k
Bkdqjd ^pUnzHkkxk*] oS|ukFk feJ ^oS|flU/qd* ^dFkk laxzg* vk ^xIi&lIid [kfjgku*]
dkyhdqekj nkld ^Hkh"k.k vU;k;* vkfn izfl¼ Hksy vfNA ,dj vfrfjDr y{ehifr flag]
xq.koUr yky nkl] gfjuUnu Bkdqj ^ljkst* vkfn ys[kdd dFkk lsgks cs'k yksdfiz; HksyA
Jh jekuUnu >k ^je.k* }kjk laikfnr ^eSfFkyhd vkjfEHkd dFkk* ,fg vof/d vkB
xksV izfrfuf/ dFkkd laxzg FkhdA
chle 'krkCnhd rslj n'kdl¡ eSfFkyhd dFkk vf/d ifj"Ñr 'kSyhd lax fy[ky
tk, ykxyA ys[kd yksdfu izpqj la[;k es dFkkd jpuk d;yfuA
,gh le;d mYys[kuh; ys[kd Mk- Jh dkaphukFk >k ^fdj.k*] izks- Jh lqjsUnz >k
^lqeu*] JhoYyHk >k] ckcw Hkqous'oj flag ^Hkqou*] dqykuUn ^uUnu*] 'kf'kukFk pkS/jh vkfn
ys[kd vf/d yksdfiz; HksykgA
1940 bZ- d i'pkr~ eSfFkyh dFkkd 'ksyhes vHkwriwoZ ifjoÙkZu Hksy rFkk vk/qfud
dFkkd f'kYi fodflr gkse, ykxyA
,fg le;d lHkl¡ vf/d izHkko'kkyh dFkkdkj izks- Jh gfjeksgu >k HksykgA gqud
gkL; O;aX;kRed 'kSyh ,d fnl t¡ lHk oxZd gsrq euksjatd Hksy r¡ nkslj fnl vksfg dFkk
lHkes lkekftd lq/kjd xaHkhj nk'kZfud izo`fÙk èofur Hksy vfNA
gqud dFkklaxzg es ^iz.kE; nsork*] ^jax'kkyk*] ^[kV~Vjdadkd rjax*] ^,dkn'kh*]
^rhFkZ;k=kh* vkfnd uke mYys[kuh; vfNA
/eZ vks laLÑfrd ukeij lkekftd O;oLFkk drs iQksad Hk* xsy vfNA rdj n`"VkUr
^[kV~Vjddkd rjax*es fo'kn :isa o£.kr vfNA
fgud vusd dFkk tsuk ^fodV ikgqu*] ^vyadkj f'k{kk*] ^dfoth*] ^izsld =kqfV*]
^dkyhckM+hd pksj*] ^fpfdRlkd pØ* vkfn ikBdd ekulij fpkLej.kh; izHkko nSr vfNA
62 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 izks- >kd gkL;&O;aX;kRed 'kSyh vk dF;d l'kDr vfHkO;fDrl¡ vusd ys[kd eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
mRlkfgr HksykgA dFkk lkfgR;d {ks=k fodflr gkse, ykxyA loZJh izks- mekukFk >k] xksfoUn (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
>k] izcks/ ukjk;.k pkS/jh] jk/kÑ".k ^cgsM+* eueksgu >k] ;ksxkuUn >k] rFkk Lo- xaxkuUn
flag vkfn ys[kd ,fg le; es eSfFkyhd dFkkd Hk.MkjosQa le`f¼'kkyh cukSyfuA
,fg vof/d dFkkes ^vfxygh* (dq- xaxkuUn flag)] ^lkekd iksrh* (Jh xksfoUn
>k) ,oa ^lkfgR;dkjd ,d fnu* (Jh ef.kiÁ) vkfn dFkk lkfgfR;d&xfrfof/osQa uohu
fn'kk iznku d;ydA
1940 bZ- l¡ 1960 bZ- /fj eSfFkyh dFkkdkjd ts izo`fÙk jgy rkfgl¡ fHkUu izdkjd
izo`fÙk 1960 bZ- d i'pkr~ dFkkes ifjyf{kr gksbr vfNA r¡ LokrU=;ksÙkj eSfFkyh dFkkl¡
1960 bZ- ok vksdj i'pkrd dFkk vfHkizsr vfNA vksuk 1947 bZ- es gejkyksdfuosQa Lora=krk
izkIr Hksy ijUrq yxys dFkk jpukd izo`fÙkes ifjoÙkZu ufg vk;yA 1960 bZ- l¡ dFkk/kjkd
ifjo£Ùkr :ijs[kk Li"V gksbr vfNA
eSfFkyh dFkk/kjkd ,fg eksM+ij ?kVUkØed vfrØe.kl¡ dFkkd jkspdrkosQa c<+;ckd
ijEijkd yksi Hk* xsyA ys[kd yksdfu ekDlZ] Úk;M vkfn izfl¼ fpUrdl¡ izHkkfor
Hksykg rFkk thoud izR;sd vaxosQa viu dFkkes lekfgr d;yfuA r¡ oÙkZeku eSfFkyh dFkkes
jgL;] jksekap ok foHkod izk/kU; ufg izR;qÙk lektd ;FkkFkZosQa] [kkgs vks lqanj gks ok
fonzwi] Li"Vr;k fpf=kr d;y xsy vfNA r¡ oÙkekua dFkkd uk;d ok ukf;dk iwoZ izpfyr
ijEijkd vuqlkjsa Øe'k% /hjksnkÙk vkfn xq.k ok Lodh;k&ijdh;k d cU/ul¡ eqDr Hk
thoud lok±xh.k ifjfLFkfres viukosQa vfHk;ksftr djckes leFkZ gksbr NfFkA ,gh Øees
lEiw.kZ lkfgR;l¡ Üka`xkjjld vkf/iR; lekIr gksbr xsy rFkk ?kVuk vks ik=kd vuqlkjsa izR;sd
jld o.kZu leku :isa eeZLi'khZ vks lekn`r HksyA thoues Ük`axkjs Vkjl ufg] izR;qr gkL;]
chHkRl] jkSnz vkfn uoks jl leku egÙo j[kSr NSd] ,fg rF;osQa oÙkZeku ih<+hd dFkkdkj
uhd tdk¡ Lohdkj djSr NfFkA
eSfFkyh dFkk lkfgR;es ,fg rF;osQa LFkkfir djckd Js; loZJh yfyr] ek;kuUn
feJ] lksenso vks Lo-jktdey osQa NfuA
LokrU=;ksÙkj eSfFkyh dFkkd /kjk vusd Ïksres fu%l`r Hksy tkfges lektoknh
fopkj/kjk ,oa vk/qfud euksoSKkfud fo'ys"k.kd /kjk nw Vk eq[; Ïksr jgyA
fdNq vIiu
fdNq o"kZl¡ lkfgR; vdknehla izdk'; dFkk&laxzgd fo"k;es ;nk dnk lquSr ok i<+Sr
vkfc jgy Nygq¡A viukosQa ys[kd ok vkykspd ufg;ks cq>Sr eSfFkyh lkfgR;d izfr vuqjkxd
dkj.ks fdNq mRlqd Hkb, tkbr jghA ,rck cq>ck es vlksd;Z ufg Hksy ts dFkk&laxzgd
lEiknu ,dVk ije fooknkLin fo"k; FkhdA fookn gks;c LokHkkfodksA LokrU=;ksÙkj eSfFkyh
dFkk /kjk tkfg izdkjsa fodflr Hksy vfN] rdjk ,dVk iqLrdes ckfUg ysc vlaHko vfNA
g¡] vksdj Lo:id fnXn'kZu djk,c fdNq vk;klsa laHko Hk* losQr NSd ls cq>Sr jfg,sdA
lkfgR; vdknehd ijke'kZnkr` lfefrd cSlkM+h (13 vDVwcj] 1978) es t[ku izks-
Jh gfjeksgu >k] Mk- Jh t;dkUr feJ ,oa Jh xksfoUn >kd laxfg izR;sd lnL; gejk
dFkk&laxzgd lEiknud gsrq izsfjr d;yfu l¡ fdNq rkjrE;es ifM+ xsygq¡A dkj.k bZ Ny
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 63
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ts trsd NksV dysoj es 15 Vk dFkk ek=k Nic vdknehd izLrko NySd] rdj vUrxZr
LokrU=;ksÙkj eSfFkyh dFkkd izR;sd izfrfuf/ dFkk dksuk vkfc ldrSd ls ge fu.kZ; ufg
d* losQr jghA ijUrq vUr es lHk lnL;d bZ vko'oklu HksVy ts vks yksdfu viu&viu
ijke'kZ nsrkg r¡ Lohdkj djfg iM+yA rs¡ ,fg iksFkhd izdk'kud Js; ijke'kZnkr` lfefrd
izR;sd lnL; osQ NfuA gquosQ yksdfud mfpr funsZ'kul¡ ge lEiknu djckes izo`Ùk Hksygq¡A
fo'ks"kr;k Jh HkheukFk th] dFkk lHkosQa ,df=kr djck es lgk;rk iznku d;yfu] gqudk
gsrq /U;okn 'kCn vksN cqf> iM+Sr vfNA
fdNq izeq[k dFkkdkjd dFkk ,fg laxzg es ladfyr ufg Hk, ldy rdj dpksV
vfNA tsuk Jh /weosQrq] Jh lqHkk"kpUnz ;kno] Jh misUnz nks"kh] Jh eU=ks'oj >k] Jh iw.ksZUnq
pkS/jh] Jh dqykuUn uUnu] Jh xkSjhdkUr pkS/jh] Jherh fueZyk Bkdqj] Jh 'kf'kdkUr] Jh
fouksn fcgkjhyky] Jh iQtyqj jgeku gk'keh] Jh vejukFk >k] Jherh Hkkjrh; JhokLro
vkfn drsdks ys[kdd dFkk gejk iflu iM+y Ny ijUrq ”k[ku lksygs Vk dFkk izdkf'kr
dj,ckd ;kstuk NySd r lHkVk osQ ,fg vk'kkl¡ NksM+, iM+y ts vfxyk dFkk laxzg es
fgudk yksdfud dFkkosQa izdkf'kr djkvksy tk,rA
,fg laxzg es trsd ys[kdd dFkk vfN] Hkk"kkd oSfHkUu; ifjyf{kr gksgr vfNA
tsuk dgSr] dgbr (nwVk :i)] NSfUg] NSu] Nfu] NSUg (pkfjVk :i)] vkfn izdkjd ys[kd
vUrj NSdA ,djk ge ys[kosQ yksdfud vuqlkjs (;Fkkor~) jg, nsfy,sd vfNA ,dj eq[;
dkj.k bZ ts gejk tuSr Hkk"kkosQa rrcs fu;ekoyh es ckfUg d, j[kus vksdj izpkj&izlkj
gksbr NSd tkfgl¡ vks tu&lk/kj.kd gsrq nq:g ufg Hk, tkbdA tsuk eSfFkyh Hkk"kkosQ ;fn
lfjlc&ikghd ifjljd Hkk"kk ek=k cq>y tk, r¡ ,dVk lhfer fu;el¡ ckfUg] vksfg vuqlkjsa
vksdj ys[kkfn fy[ky tk, losQr vfNA ijUrq ;fn vksdjk eaaqxsj] Hkkxyiqj] lgjlk] iw£.k;k
vkfn fcgkjd vk/k Hkkxd {ks=kd Hkk"kk ekuSr Nh vk bZ dfg ns'kd fofHkUu izeq[k laLFkkes
vksdj ekU;rk nsy tkbr vfN r¡ tkfg izdkjd fookn lEizfr mBkvksy tk, jgy vfN ls
vlaxr vks vlkef;d FkhdA
Hkk"kk vfHkO;fDrd lk/u FkhdA Hkkod vfHkO;atukes ;sfn xfrjks/ ufg vcSr NSd]
r¡ eSfFkyh Hkk"kkd ,fg 'kSyhxr oSfHkUu;osQa ge 'kq¼ ok v'kq¼ dfg viu ikf.MR; izn'kZud
volj ufg cuc, pkgygq¡] us ys[kd yksdfud vfHkO;atukes viu rdZd vojks/ n,
dFkkosQa dqf.Br d;ygq¡A
bZ dFkk laxzg LokrU=;ksÙkj eSfFkyh dFkkd izfrfuf/&laxzgd :ies mifLFkr gSr ls
gej iz;kl vfNA
dFkkd p;u vksdj Lrjh; fpUru] ekSfyd f'kYi vks uohu /kjkd vk/kjij d;y
xsy vfNA
tsuk ^NksV&Nhu ckr* (Jh lq/ka'kq ^'ks[kj* pkS/jh)] ^ykydkMZ* (jk/k Ñ".k)]
^nx/y eksu% VwVy nsg* (Jherh xkSjh feJ)] dapfu;k¡ *Jh ^yfyr*) ,oa ^ljdkjh ukSdjh*
(Jh lksenso)µ bZ NcksVk dFkk ekDlZd fpUru /kjkij jfpr liQy dFkk FkhdA 'kks"kd
oxZ 'kksf"kr oxZd lax dksuk tkasd tdk¡ lfV vksdj 'kksf.kr pwfl losQr NSd] rdj ek£ed
fp=k.k ,fg dFkk lHkes d;y xsy NSdA
64 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ^NksV&Nhu ckr* es ?kVukØel¡ cqf> iM+Sr vfN ts lHkVk vkaf[kd lks>ka esa Hk* jgy eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
gksA ^vk vUres] r[ku vks DykbesDlij igq¡fp tkbr vfN& t[ku lfr;k fpjfunzkes eXu (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
Hk* tkbr vfNA lfr;kd vks funzk lân;d lwry laosnukosQa yxk, cgqr fdNq lkspckd
gsrq izsfjr djSr vfNA viufg thoues ns[ky&lquy NksV&NksV ?kVuk lHk tsuk ,dj dM+hd
:ies vkaf[kd vkxk¡ vkc, yxSr vfNA
^ykydkMZ* es vdkyfga dky&dofyr if.Mr dkdkd thoud ifjos'k] gqud
fpUru vks ifjfLFkfr foMEcukd dksuks diksy&dfYir figkuh ufg] ;FkkFkZd fp=k.k fFkdA
,fg dFkkd vkjEHkfg es ikfu Hkjckdkyd okrkZyki vk rdj ckn ek/od] iafMr dkdhd]
ehukJhd pfj=k fp=k.k cM+ LokHkkfod :iesa vfHkO;aftr Hksy vfNA vk vUr es] bZ dFkk
,drk j[kckd uSfrd f'k{kk lsgks iznku djSr vfNA
ljdkjh vf/dkjh lHkd Hkz"Vkpkjd mYys[k dFkkd ijkdk"Bkd fcUnq FkhdA ^if.Mr
dkdkd e`R;q Hkw[kd dkj.ksa Hksyfu* ,fg rF;osQa xqIr j[kckd gsrq vf/dkjh yksdfu if.Mr
dkdhd gsrq ^ykydkMZ* miyC/ djk, nSr NfFkuA ekuw vks gqud vf/dkj ufg fFkdfu]
,dVk vyH; oLrq n xsy xsy gksfu tdj vkxk¡ viu ifrd thou /fj fuNkmj d;y tk;
ld;A vk ifjfLFkfrd foMEcuk gksbr vfN ts if.Mrdkdh ,dVk jk'kudkMZ y, lfjigq¡
pqi Hk* tkbr NfFkA tu&thoud d"Vd pje vuqHkwfr ,fg ?kVuk es vfHkO;aftr Hksy vfNA
^ljdkjh ukSdjh* es ,dVk f'kf{kr csjkstxkj ;qodd ifjfLFkfrd fooj.k LokHkkfod
:isa HksVSr vfNA ^dkystkses ,rck dye?kLlh ufg d;us Nygq¡A ls gkFkjke ,uk dqgjfFk
tsuk tkrd ykxfu pykSus gksfFkA vksfg osnuk ihfM+r gkFkl¡ ekFk Bksfd ekld nl rkjh[k
/fj izek.ki=k vkfn jftLVªh djkchA*
vk drsd vk;kll¡ t[ku vksfg ;qod osQa ukSdjh HksVSr Nfu vks viu NksV&Nhu
liukosQa lkdkj dj, pkgSr NfFkµ uofookfgrk iRuhd lax jgckd dYiuk djSr NfFkA
fdUrq ,dVk vf/dkfjd vgaosQj rqf"Vd gsrq gqudk lqnwj bykdk es cnyh Hk* tkbr NfuA
tr; vks ifjokj osQa lax j[kckd vk'kk ufg d* losQr NfFkA ,rck ?kVukd miLFkkiud
chp vusd ik=k vcSr NfFk] tsuk ese lkgsc] ea=khth vkfnA fgudk yksdfud pfj=k&fp=k.k
,fgdFkkd oSf'k"V~; FkhdA
^nxn/ eksu% VwVy nsg* viu eksfyd f'kYid dkj.ksa gejk fo'ks"k vkd"kZd ykxyA
Jherh xkSjh feJd ^foo'krk* lsgks ,dVk uhd dFkk ekuy tk, losQr vfNA fdUrq tkfg
izdkjd ekSfyd oLrq ^nx/y eksu% VwVy nsg* esa izLrqr d;y xsy vfN] ls vksfg dFkkes
ufg ifjyf{kr gksbr vfNA vksdj ekSfydrk ,fg dkj.ksa NSd ts lkfgR;es tr;&tr;
L=kh ik=kd mYys[k ukf;dkd :ies d;y xsy NSd rr;&rr; vksdj 'kkjhfjd lkSUn;Zd
fo'ks"k o.kZu d;y xsy NSd] fdUrq rkfg izdkjd o.kZu NksfM+& izLrqr dFkkes ukjhd gk£nd
laosnukd vfHkO;atuk ikBd osQa ,dVk uohu oLrq iznku djSr NSdA e;kZnkd vkMEcj vks<+us
ve;kZfnr ifjos'k es ukjhd daqBk osQgsu n;uh; fLFkfrd fuekZ.k djSr vfN rdj Li"V
fu:i.k ,fg dFkk es d;y xsy vfNA
^dFkfu;k¡* d ukf;dk fd'kkjksoLFkk es izos'k d;yd fd nfjnzrkd ck?kd ^uksNkj
HkEgksj* l¡ dksey ân;d rarq dksuk VwfV tkbr NSd rdj o.kZu ys[kd cM+ LokHkkfod :isa
d;yfu vfNA ,fges lokZf/d egÙoiw.kZ rF; dFkkd vfUre nw iafDrd eeZLi'khZ o.kZu
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 65
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl Fkhd&¶rsa fd vksdjk ,fgl¡ nq[k HksySd\ ufg] ckcw&HkS;kosQa /¿ d¿ jghA csj Fkhd] dqcsj
FkhdA¸
csj&dqcsj es ckcw&HkS;kd vljk jk[kc ,fg oxZd vko';d foo'krk jgySd vfNA
,gsu foo'krk tdjk vkxw¡ ^vkfg* 'kCn vks ufg dlosQr vfNA dFkkd vUrd ;Sg ik¡rh
ifjfLFkfrd foMEcuk Li"V djSr vfNA
,fg laxzgd ^nsg* vk ^NksV&NksV iS?k ckr* lsgks ekDlZd fopkj /kjkl¡ izHkkfor vfNA
fdUrq ,fg nwuw dFkkd ,dVk vkvksj mYys[kuh; oSf'k"V~; NSd ts dFkkd lUnHkZes eè;eoxhZ;
ifjfLFkfrd foLr`r fooj.k HksVSr vfNA cw>w ts fooj.kkRed 'kSyhes dFkk&ys[kud Øe ts
izks- ek;kuUn feJ vkjaHk d;yfu rdjk Jh izHkklth vk ^js.kq* th vkxk¡ c<+kSyfuA fdUrq
vfHkO;atukd 'kSyhd lkE; jfgrgq¡ ek;kuUn feJl¡ bz nwuw ys[kd ,fg vFks± iQjkd Hk* tkbr
NfFk ts oSpkfjd /jkryij fgudk yksdfud dFkk fHkUu /kjkes ifjo£rr Hk* tkbr vfNA
^<si* dFkkd vkjaHk cM+ NksV ?kVukl¡ gksbr vfNA ,dVk pjokgk Hkkstd chpes
<si iQsfd nSr NSdA ijUrq ls y, rrsd iS?k dk.M Hk* tkbr NSd ts Hkfj xke /kksy Hk*
tkbr NSdA vk nks"kh ikvksy tkbr vfN foHkkl] dkj.k ts vks eq¡gxj ufg vfNA fu/Zu
Hk, vU;k;d fojks/ d;yd r¡ vlyh ckr r¿j ifM+ xsySdA vksdjsij iapSrh cSlySdA vk
ek;d i=kl¡ nfyr oxZd drsd ihM+k Li"V gksbr NSd& ¶xke ekus eq¡gxj yksd] ts tksjl¡
ckft ld; oSg lR;-----oSg U;k;A¸
dFkkd vUr ,rcfgl¡ ufg gksbr NSdA ,dVk xked vU;k;d bZ rk.Mo ns'kO;kih
Hk* xsy NSd tdj Øwj inpkid r¿j ns'kd vf/dka'k turk dkfg&dkfV jgy vfNµ¶xke
ekus lquhy pkS/jh] xke ekus v'oRFkkek >k vk ns'k ekus------A¸
^NksV&NksV iS?k ckr* es dFkkd fodklØe fdNq ,gh izdkjd NSd] fdUrq vksdj
uk;d ,dVk vUreqZ[kh O;fDr NfFkA rsa ,dfg fnu esa dFkkd uk;d trsd ts lkspyfu
rkfg fpUru es lkekftd vjktdrkd mYys[k HksVSr vfNA dFkkd ijkdk"Bkd fcUnq fdNq
fHkUu izdkjd vfNA
vks (dFkkd uk;d) rhu fnul¡ ?kjd ejEer dj,ckd gsrq t¿uosQa rkfd jgy
Nykg fdUrq t¿u ufg HksVSr jgfuA vkbz t[ku rhuVk csxkj dkt djckd gsrq rS;kj Hk*
xsyfu r¡ es?k f>flvk; yxySdA vks fpUrkl¡ f[kUu Hk* tkbr vfNA vkb;ks vksdj ?kjd
ejEefr ufg Hk* ldrSd vk NqV~Vhd fnu O;FkZ py t;rSdA ,gh fpUrkes vks vkdk'kd
LoPN gks;xkd izrh{kkes Hkfjfnu cSlys jfg tkbr vfNA dfu;sa fnu 'ks"k jfg tkbr NSd r¡
o"kkZd cqUuh FkfEg tkbr NSdA rhu Vk t¿ues ,d Vk viu xk; cUgokyS Hky xsy jgSr
vfN] nksljks dksuks dkts vksr; ufg vfN] rslj osQa lksa>kes vksdj nqCcj nsg vkfn n;uh;
fLFkfr nsf[k vks nzfor gkse, yxSr NfFkA t¿u osQa gqud eu% fLFkfrd vuqeku Hk* tkbr
NSd vk bZ dfg NqV~Vh y* ySr vfN ts ,rcs dkyes vgk¡osQa r¡ dksuks dky ufg gSr vk
gejk NqV~Vh n* nh r¡ viu ?kjd cM+ vko';d dkt ged* yscA vks viu ekSu LohÑfr
n* nSr NfFkuA ifj.kke bZ gksbr vfN ts Hkfj fnudk cksfu nsyksij vks viu dksuks dkt
ufg djk, ldy NfFkA viu lân;rk ij viufg iNrk, yxSr NfFkA ,gh ?kVukosQ chp
es vcSr vfN uk;dd eudFkkµ dksuk vks usukes lk/kj.k diM+k] Hkkstu y, jgSr Nykg]
i<+ok&fy[kckd vkMEcj ufg NySd vk vks drsd rUe;rkl¡ fo|k fl[kokyS ifjJe djSr
66 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
NykgA vkcd /h;k&iqrj drsd Vhe&Vkelsa jg, ykxr vk fl[kSr vfN fdNq ufg&vkfnA eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
,dj vfrfjDr gqudk viu orZeku thoud d"V lsgks eksu iM+Sr Nfu ts HkkbZes tsB jgckd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkj.ksa drsd mÙkjnkf;Ro cf<+ xsy NfuA NksV HkkblHk dksuk vuBkSus jgSr NfFkuA ?kjd lHkVk dkek[;k nsoh
leL;k gqudk ,dljfg lks>jkc, iM+Sr NfuA
Jh ^js.kq* thd ^lUnwd* lsgks cM+ izfl¼ dFkk NfUgA fdUrq oSpkfjd ifjiDork tsuk
izLrqr dFkkes vfHkO;aftr Hksy vfN rsuk ^lUnwd* es ufg rsa ge ,gh dFkk osQ Js"Brj cw>yA
Jh ^js.kq* thd ^lUnwd* ,fg gsrq izfl¼ Hksy ts vks cM+ Li"Vrk vks jkspdrk l¡ ekuod
dke&izo`fÙkd vkd"kZ.kosQa ,fg dFkkes vfHkO;aftr d;us NfFkA
vksuk dke&HkkoukosQa ekucd fØ;k dykid ,dek=k Ïksr ekuc ,dVk cgq&izpfyr
ekU;rk Hk* xsy vfNA fdUrq tfguk eu vk ru ,d&nkslj l¡ vlEi`Dr vfN rfguk Hkkouk
vk HkkSfrd vko';drk lsgksA Hkkouk vks HkkSfrd vko';drk ,d ufg Hk* losQr vfNA nwuw
es vU;ksU;kJ; lEcU/ Hk* losQr NSd] ,d nksljkd iwjd Hk* losQr NSd fdUrq ,d ufg
Hk* losQr NSdA bZ nwuw ,d nksljkl¡ rrsd fudV jgSr NSd ts Li"V :isa nwuwd Hksn cq>ckes
i;kZIr fo'ys"k.k dj, iM+Sr NSd (ts dgc ,r; vokafNr dFkk gks;r)A d[kugqosQa ,d
nksljkd fojks/h Hk* tkbr NSdA eud Hkkouk gksbr NSd vk rdj foijhr rud vko';drk
gksbr NSdA vk rkfg fLFkfr es] ekuo la?k"kZ'khy Hk* tkbr vfNA la?k"kZ dksuks ns[kkj ufg
gksbr NSdA nwVk ekuoes tsuk la?k"kZd n`'; Li"V jgSr NSd rsuk bZ la?k"kZ ufg gksbr NSdA
la?k"kZ gksbr NSd ,DosQVk ekuod bPNk vk foosdesA
O;fDr t[ku foosd'khy gksbr vfN r¡ bPNkosQa >qdk nSr NSdA vksfg gsrq vksdjk
rRdky d"V lg, iM+Sr NSdA ,gh rF;osQ¡ Mk- ^xqatu* th ek£edrkl¡ viu ^nsg* 'kh"kZd
dFkkes mn~?kkfVr d;yfuA uk;dd iRuh jkfres gqud x¿jk xNkfj fuUu Hk* tkbr NfFkuA
uk;dd eu gqud Li'kZl¡ míhIr Hk* tkbr NfuA iRuhd 'kjhj fnl rosQr NfFkA vks vR;Ur
Fkkdful¡ fuUu Hk* xsy NfFkuA 'kjhj nqcZy Hk* xsy NfuA iqu% viu 'kjhj fnl è;ku tkbr
NfuA viugq¡ r¡ #X.ks NfFkA vk r[ku iRuhd dgy eksu ifM+ tkbr Nfuµ usuk&HkqVkdkosQa
mfpr ekxZ ij vuckys Hkkoqdrkd izn'kZu uS djfFkA cPpk lHk r¡ lwfr jgy vfN fdUrq
nsckyijl¡ ,dVk fxjfxV rkfd jgy NSdA gqudk eksu iM+Sr Nfu ts ,fguk ,dVk fxjfxVosQa
rosQr nsf[k ,d fnu iRuh gqudkl¡ ,d nEes dkr Hk* xsy jgfFku eqnk vksfg fnu ,dVk
cPpk fxjfxV NySd vk vkb ,dVk cq<+ok fxjfxV NSdA vk vks viu nsgosQa iRuhd nsgl¡
^dkrl* ySr NfFkA ,rfg dFkkd vUr gksbr vfNA dFkkd Øel¡ cqf> iM+Sr vfN ts
vks cq<+ok fxjfxV ufg ekuod viufg foosd Fkhd ts lEiw.kZ ifjfLFkfrl¡ voxr djk;
vkSfpR;d izfr lpsr d* nSr NSdA ,dVk lân; ifr vks mÙkjnk;h firkd laosnuk'khy
{k.kd eeZLi'khZ fp=k.k ,fg dFkk es d;y xsy vfNA
ekuod laosnukosQa fo'ys:k.kkRed :isa izLrqr djckes izks- Jh ek;kuUn feJ fln~/
gLr vks vxzx.; jgykg vfNA fgud ^VqVSr dhyd tk¡r* ,dVk vè;kfidkd dFkk Fkhd
ts o`¼ fork vk dqekfj cfgfud Hkj.k&iks"k.kd Hkkjd dkj.ksa ifrd lax ufg jfg losQr
NfFkA ,d fnl ,fg nwuwd izfr dÙkZO;cks/ vk nkslj fnl ifrd izfr lgt vkd"kZ.k gqud
eu%fLFkfr osQa papy cucSr jgSr NfuA ,dd fuokZl¡ nksljd fojks/ Hk* tkbr NSd vk rkgh
fojks/d fLFkfr es gqud eksu tsuk VwV; yxSr Nfu ijUrq tkrd nw Vk iV~Vk tdk¡ ifjfLFkfrd
}S/ vksgh eksuij fVdy jgSr NSdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 67
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ts ukjh okfg;ks d, ifrd lgpjh ufg cfu losQr vfN rdj osnukd dk#.; ,fg
dFkkes ân;Li'khZ Hksy vfNA
izLrqr laxzges ^eksM+* ,oa ^,d ih<+hd vUrj* (Jh galjkt ,oa Jh jkteksgu >k)
viu fHkUu izdkjd oSf'k"V~; vfHkO;aftr djSr vfNA
^eksM+* 'kh"kZd dFkkes ,dVk ;qodd eu%fLFkfrd Øe es vusd dFkk tqfV tkbr
vfN vk vUr es ,dVk jgL;d fcUnqij dFkkd vUr Hk* tkbr vfNA bZ jgL;&jksek¡p fHkUu
vfNA eksuosQa cksf>y dj* cyk dFkkd vfrjatukiw.kZ jgL; ,fg es ufg vfN] ,fg es vfN
HkkokRed vks>jkgfVl¡ eqDr d;fugkj dF; ts uk;dosQa vU/dkjl¡ izdk'k fnl bafxr djSr
Nfu] uSjk';l¡ vk'kk fnl vkd£"kr djSr NfuA
,fg dFkkd vkjaHk gksbr vfN ,dVk ;qodd flxjsV tj;ckl¡ vks vksdjk fe>kbr
fe>kbr dFkkd vUrks Hk* tkbr vfNA vks flxjsV tjk, fonk gksbr NfFk r¡ ckVes ns[kSr
NfFk eaxyd nksdku] fey] lkseukd] nksdku] fjDlk] Vªd vkfnA lHkd lax ,dVk bfrgkl
tqVy NSdA ts fgudk eksu iM+Sr Nfu] rdj fdnq viugq¡ izfrfØ;k gksbr NfuA ,fg dFkkd
vUr Hk* tkbr vfNA
,fg dFkkd lHkl¡ iz'kaluh; oLrq bZ Fkhd ts uj&ukjhd vkd"kZ.kd o.kZu dFkkd
osQanz&fcanq ufg;ks jgus jkspdrkes drgq vHkko ufg vcSr vfN ts eSfFkyh dFkkd {ks=k es
de ikvksy tkbr vfNA
Jh jkteksgu >kd ^,d ih<+hd vUrj* xfr'khy le;d fcMEcukiw.kZ ifjfLFkfrosQa
mifLFkr djSr vfNA
uk;d ,dVk uo;qod NfFk vk gqud firk gqudk viu rFkkdfFkr ^vuU; fe=k*d
vksr; iBcSr NfFkuA vks fe=k ,dVk vf/dkjhd in ij dk;Z djSr NfFkuA gqud vkfiQl
igq¡pykij uk;dosQa cM+ vk;kll¡ cM+h dky /fj izrh{kkd mijkUr HksaV gksbr NfuA HksaVks
Hksykij mis{kkiw.kZ O;ogkj icSr NfFkA fdarq iqu% gqudk firkd dgy eksu iM+Sr Nfu ts
Msjk ij tk, fdNq luslks n& vcfFkuA vks ;qod nw Vkdkd e/qj dhfu mDr vf/dkjhd
Msjk ij igq¡pSr NfFkA vf/dkjhd ek; njcTtsij HksVSr Nfu vk uke &Bsdku iqNykd
mijkUr yxys viu lEcU/ gqudk eksu ifM+ tkbr NfuA vks cw<+h cM+ vkReh;rkiw.kZ
O;ogkj dj, yxSr NfFkuA r[kufga vks vf/dkjh vkfiQll¡ ?kj vkfc tkbr NfFk vk ,dVk
mis{kkiw.kZ n`f"V vksfg ;qod fnl nSr vR;Ur vkSipkfjd O;ogkj izn£'kr djSr NfFkA ,DosQ
ih<+hd ,fg vUrj l¡ vFkkZr~ vf/dkjhd mis{kkiw.kZ vk gqud ek;d Lusgiw.kZ O;ogkjl¡ vks
;qod vk'p;Zpfdr jfg tkbr NfFkA orZeku e'khuh ;qxd lE;rkd izfr bZ dFkk ,dVk
iz'ufpÞ mifLFkr d* nSr vfNA laxfg dFkkd 'kSyh izHkkoiw.kZ vfN] rsa ,djk ge laxzg.
kh; dFkk cq>ygq¡A
^ladYid vk/kj* es ,dVk izxfr'khy uo;qodd euksHkkod vfHkO;atuk ân;xzkgh
Hksy vfNA dFkk ,dVk ifr&iRuhd uksad&>ksadd ?kaVukl¡ vkjaHk gksbr vfNA vk/qfud
fopkjd nscw viu HkkbZ&Hkkmtd >xM+k njcTtsijl¡ lqfu vokd~ jfg tkbr NfFkA laxfg
vktUe dqekj jgckd ladYiosQa vkvksj n`<+ cuk, ySr NfFkA vks lkspSr NfFk ts oSokfgd
thou >a>V&>xM+kd thou Fkhd] ,fges Lusgd ys'kks ufg vfNA ;Sg lkspSr vks vkaxues
izos'k djSr NfFkA ijUrq HkkbZ&Hkkmt ,d nksljd iz'kalk djSr nscwosQa [kwc lRdkj djSr NfFkuA
68 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
dygd okroj.k ufg jgSr vfNA vk dFkkd pjefcUnq r¡ r[ku ifjyf{kr gksbr vfN t[ku eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
iQygkjd gsrq vkuy xsy nw xksV,d vkgkj osQa nwuw Hkkbd chpes ckafV HkkSth viukys fdNq us (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
j[kSr NfFkA ,dj laxfg vks iqQfl, ctSr NfFk ts viuk ys jkf[k ysus NhA ifr tuSr NfFku
ts nwuw HkkbosQa HkfjisV Hkkstu dj,ckd bPNkd dkj.ksa vks iQwfl ctSr NfFk] viuk ys fdNq us
j[kus NfFkA vr% viu Hkkstu vk/k iRuh ys dkr jkf[k 'ks"k Lo;a [kkbr NfFkA ,rck dky
/fj nwcs eksus eksu lkspSr Nykg ts nwuw xksV,d chp esa [kwc >xM+k gsrfu fdUrq bZ O;ogkj
nsf[k vko'p;Zpfdr jfg tkbr NfFk ts ,d nksljkd gsrq Hkkstuks NksfM+ losQr NfFkA vk
viu ,fg ldYid izfr vkLFkk {kh.k gkse, yxSr Nfu ts oSokfgd thou nq%[kiw.kZ gksbr
NSdA gqudk cqf> iM+Sr Nfu ts nkEiR; thou Lusgd Ïksr FkhdA ,fg dFkkes ?kVukØed
fodkl cM+ LokHkkfod :isa Hksy vfNA laxfg lukru /eZd ijEijkd izfr fu"Bkd èofu
vfHkO;aftr Hksy vfNA ijUrq ^iQ¡ljhd nw Nksj* es /eZd ukeij iljy lkekftd O;oLFkkd
foÑr :i ifjyf{kr gksbr vfNA bZ dFkk ,dVk dqekfj dU;kd Fkhd ts viu lqf'kf{kr
lqUnj izsehl¡ fookg dj, pkgSr NfFkA fdUrq vksfg dU;kd firk ,fg fopkjl¡ lger ufg
gksbr NfFkuA dkj.k ts ,dVk /fud ?kjd dU;kd vuq:i oSHko'kkyh vks ;qod ufg NfFkA
dU;kd ân;l¡ r¡ vks ;qod dkr ufg Hk, losQr NfFk fdUrq firkd izrkid vkxk¡ fookg
djckd fopkj R;kx, iM+Sr NfuA gqud fookg lektd ,s'o;Ziw.kZ ifjokjd dksuks vU;
;qodd lax Hk* tkbr NfuA
,fg ?kVukd chpes tkfg ifjfLFkfrd mYys[k Hksy vfN rkfgl¡ Li"V gksbr vfN ts
lekt es L=kh x.kosQa ^?kjd y{eh* dfg drsd ew[kZ cukvksy tkbr NSdA ^?kjd y{eh*
ckgj ufg Hk, losQr NfFkA vr% vk£Fkd n`f"V,¡ vks firk ok ifr ij fuHkZj jgSr NfFkA
iQyr% gqud fopkjd dksuks ewY; ufg jfg tkbr vfNA t¡ ifr ok firkd ekU;rkd izfrdwy
gqud bPNk gksbr Nfu r¡ vksdj neu d,] mDr ^vUunkrk* lektes viu izfr"Bkd Nfod
vuq:i vksfg bPNkosQa ijIejkd Úse es ef<+ nSr NfFkuA ck¡py jfg tkbr NSd vksfg ukjhd
fuLiUn vkÑfr nts ,dVk euq";d thou ufg] i'kqd thou ;kiu djok ys ckè; Hk*
tkbr vfNA
eSfFkyh dFkk {ks=k esa ukjh thoud vp£pr izlÄ~xd mYys[k ,fg dFkk es HksVSr
vfNA r¡ ,dj lekos'k djc gejk cM+ vko';d cq>uk xsyA
vksuk bZ ekfu ysc vlÄ~xr gks,r ts eSfFkyhd orZeku dFkk /eZ ok mins'kd
izfriknud gsrq fy[ky tk, jgy vfNA dFkkd Øe es vo'; ,dVk fn'kk&laosQr HksVSr
vfN] fdUrq dksuks fuf'pr ^okn* ok /eZd izfrc¼rk l¡ orZeku eSfFkyh dFkk iwokZxzgxzLr
ufg vfNA fofHkUu ys[kdd fofHkUu 'kSyh vks fopkjd vfHkO;atuk dFkk lHk esa ifjyf{kr
gksbr vfNA
^,d [khjk rhu iQkad* es thoud ;FkkFkZd fo=k.k eeZLi'khZ vfNA ,dVk ukjh iRuhd
:i esa ,dVk pkSdhnkjd x`fg.kh vfN vk izsfedkd :ies ,dVk nksdkunkjd izs;lh vfNA
rsjs nwus izdkjd O;fDrRo ,fg dFKkes o£.kr vfNA ,dfg ukjhd bZ nw :i nw izdkjd
lkSUn;Z vfHkO;aftr djSr vfNA ,dVk vksdj rud lkSUn;Z NSd ts ^ekfyd* osQa v£ir NSd
vk nkslj eud leiZ.k NSd ts viu ifrd gsrq lqjf{kr NSdA vksdj viufg ,fg nw :ies
la?k"kZ gksbr jgSr NSd] tdjk vks Lo;a cq>Sr vfNA bZ fLFkfr dksuks Økafrdkjh fopkj ufg
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 69
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl mifLFkfr djSr NSdA ,djk vks lgtrk l¡ lgSr vfNA fdNq, le;es vks rhu Vk iq=kd
ekrk ls gks cuSr vfNA fdUrq vksdj eksuij vksdj ifr ek=kd vf/dkj NSdA izLrqr dFkkes
thouewY;d uohu n`f"Vdks.kd ifjp; izkIr gksbr vfNA
iz.k;d f=kdks.k es uk;d vk nq"Vd dFkkd ;qx vkc lekIr Hk* xsy NSdA ekuoc
HkkSfrd vko';drk vk vkè;kfRed izse nw rF; gksbr NSdA dksuks ukjh ;fn 'kjhjsa vU;
iq#"kd vÄ~d'kkf;uh Hk* tkbr vfN r¡ vksdj ân; dyqf"kr ufg gksbr NSdA ân;d izse r¡
rs;ks vksgh iq#"kd gsrq le£ir jgSr NSd ts fu'Ny Hk, vksdjkl¡ vuqjDr NSdA r¡ us viu
ifrd gsrq lqjthd ân;es Lusg NSd& ;|fi ekfydd nsgl¡ ifrd nsg&n'kk] diM+k&yÙkk
drsd ghu NSdA fdUrq vksdjk lu fu'Ny ân; ekfyd osQa ufg NSdA vk ifr&iRuhd
vuqjkx osQ dFkkdkj izks- jkenso >k cM+ ek£ed :isa O;Dr d;yfu vfN tkfg es okRlY;d
lw=kd ek/q;Z es nwuwd eu% fLFkfr vkvksj vf/d Li"V Hk* tkbr vfNA
vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkkes gkL;jld jpuk de ifjyf{kr gksbr vfNA gkL;osQa O;aX;d
i;kZ; ekfu ysc vlÄ~xrA vksuk gkL; jld ekè;es oLrqd vfHkO;atuk vf/d l'kDr ok
izHkko'kkyh gksbr vfNA r¡ miy{k.kØesa nwuw osQa i;kZ; ekuckd ifjikVh pfy xsy vfNA
,fgij fo'ks'k oDrO; fo"k;kUrj gks;rA g¡] gkL;&O;aX;d jpukes orZeku dFkkdkjd chp
Jh N=kkuUn vxzx.; NfFkA ^lek/ku* ,dVk ifr&iRuhd uksad&>ksad mifLFkr djSr vfNA
iRuh ewld minzol¡ vdPN NfFkuA vksdj lagkjd gsrq ,dVk fcykfM+ vkuy tkbr vfNA
fdUrq ewl ekjckdj cnykes vks nghd NkaNh [klk, nSr vfN vk [kly ngh osQa ,d dkr
ewl vk nkslj dkr fcykfM+ [kk, jgy vfNA ,fg ?kVukosQa ys[kd rrsd jkspd :iesa izLrqr
djSr NfFk ts ,d fnl xkgZLFk thoud fp=k vk nkslj fnl jktuSfrd ?kVukd vfHkO;atuk
LokHkkfod Hksy vfNA
vUres ,rok ekuo vlaxr ufg gks;r ts ,rsd lqUnj jpuk lHkd p;u d;ykd
cknks vusd izeq[k jpukd lekos'k ge ufg d* ldygq¡A dkj.k ts vdknehd ;kstukuqlkj
vR;Ur lhfer dFkkd laxzg gksed pkghA r¡] dFkk&laxzgd vU; [k.Mes vks jpuk lHk
ladfyr d;y tk;r ls gejk fo'okl vfNA izLrqr laxzgd lHk dFkkdkj gejkl¡ Js"B
vk izcq¼ NfNA gqudk yksdfuosQa ,d gksljkl¡ tqyuk d* rnuqlkj lwph cuk;c ge mfpr
ufga cq>ygq¡A r¡ fo"k;&lwfpd Øe dFkkdkj yksdfud Ñfr ok o;ld vuqlkjsa ufg gqudk
lHkd uked o.kZØed vuqlkjSa j[kygq¡A vk'kk ts lq/h ys[kd vk ikBd&yksdfu gej ,fg
fopkjl¡ lUrq"V gks;rkgA
iqLrd izdk'kud volj ij Hkkb (Jh lqjs'kpUnz feJ) eksu ifM+ jgy NfFk ts
le;&le; ij viu fopkj vks izksRlkgu nSr jgykg vfNA xq#oj Jh ef.kiÁthd
okRlY;d Nfg es gej thous vkjaHk Hksy] r¡ gqudk gsrq rFkk ,gsu vkvksj vkReh; tud
gsrq ts fudVre NfFk] vkSipkfjd okÙkkZ dBkbu yxSr vfNA rsa ÑrKrkl¡ ekFk >qd,ckd
vfrfjDr vkvksj db, dh losQr NhA fp- Jh thos'k th] ts viu cgqewY; le; n, lHkVk
gLrfyfi i<+yfu vk ijke'kZ nsyfu] /U;oknd ik=k fFkdkgA bfrA

70 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
1- nsg (dFkk) dFkkdkj xaxs'k xqatu
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
Mk- Jh xaxs'k xqatu vk gqud voknku

xaxs'k xqatu lkre n'kdd izkjEHkes dFkkdkjd :ies eSfFkyh lkfgR;es izos'k d;yfu
vk cM+ de le;es] viu izfrHkkd cys ¡] ,fges pfpZr] LFkkfir Hk¿ xsykg&ls dFkkdkj&:ies
r¡ lgtfg¡] dfod :ies] miU;kldkjd :ies] ,dkadhdkjd :ies lsgksA fgud fdNq
lekykspukRed fucU/ks izdkf'kr vfN] tkfges lkfgR;d izlax fgud ekSfyd fopkj
vfHkO;Dr Hksy vfNA fgUnh&txres lsgks bZ viu LFkku cuk ysus NfFk] dfo&dFkkdkjd
:ies vksgw Hkk"kkes phUgy&tkuy tkbr NfFkA lkfgR;dkjd vfrfjDr bZ l alxhrK vk
fp=kdkjks NfFkA
fgud iSr`d&oklLFkku e/qcuh ftykUrxZr fiy[kckM+ fFkdfuA fgud tUe 15 tqykbZ
1942osQ¡ Hksy Nfu] ewy uke fFkdfu&xaxs'oj >kA fgUnh vk eSfFkyhes bZ ,e- ,- d;us
NfFkA vkdk'kok.khd lsokes vè;;usd le;l¡ layXu NfFkA lEizfr fgUnhd izksM~;wlj inij
dk;Zjr NfFkA iVuk fo'ofo|ky; }kjk eSfFkyh jsfM;ks&:idl¡ lEc¼ 'kks/&izcU/ij fgudk
ih&,p- Mh-d mikf/ izkIr Hksy NfuA
fgud iqLrd fofHkUu fo/k es izdkf'kr vfNA vUgkj&btksr (dFkklaxzg)] ge ,d
Vk feF;k ifjp; (nh?kZ dfork)] yksd lquw (dfork&laxzg)] ifgy yksd (miU;kl) cqf/
cf/;k (pkSCkfV;k ukVd)A ^vkb Hkksj* ukVd fefFkyk fefgjes Niy vfNA
fgud dFkk&oLrq vks f'kYi&nquw Lrjij ozQe'k% lw{e gksbr xsy vfNA ,Eg#dk
fgud dFkklHk ekuo&eud rrsd lw{e rUrqosQ¡ NqcSr vfN ts vks lkekU;&ikBdd idM+l¡
ckgj Hk¿ tkbNA rfguk] cgqrks ikBd fgud dFkkd f'kYies rsuk us vks>jk tkbr vfN ts
ewy fo"k; vksdjk NwfV tkbr NSdA rs ¡ bZ dgc ts fgud dFkkosQ¡ cq>ck ysy ,d fo'ks"k
ekufldrk pkgh] dksuks vR;qfDr ufg gks;rA fgud ,Eg:dk dFk rrsd ckSf¼d Hk¿ d¿
nk'kZfud O;k[;ku Hk¿ tkbNA ,dj foijhr] vksfges dFkk&rRo i;kZIr jgSN rFkk UkO;re
f'kYi&'kSyhd jfld lkdka{k ikBdosQ¡ uhd ekufld [kksjkd tqVcSNA
eSfFkyh vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr dFkk&laxzges fgud dFkkd fo'ys"k.k djSr mfprs
dgy xsy vfN ¶lkre n'kdes leLr Hkkjrh; lkfgR;es ts oqQaBk] vtuohiu] fujFkZdrkcks/
vkfnd ygfj vk;y] rdj eSfFkyhes bZ liQy iz;ksDrk HksykgA O;fDrd vUrjred dksey
rUrqd bZ dFkkdkj fFkdkgA lkekftd folaxfrd dkj.ks ¡ vkUrfjd Lrjij mRiUu [kkS ¡>
vk rdjk ckV ufg HksVckd vks>jkSVd dkj.ks ¡ tUe ySr fn'kkghurkd lw{e vfHkO;fDr
fgud dFkk nSr vfNA eqnk drgq&drgq fgud dFkkes lEizs"k.kd leL;k vuqHkwfrd LiQhr
fp=k.kes ck/d fl¼ gksbr vfNA¸
fdUrq fgud ^vEgkj&btksr*d dFkklHk cM+ lkiQ vfN] lHk Lrjd ikBdd vuksuqowQy
vfN rFkk ,Eg:dk fgud dFkkes dF; vk f'kYixr ts vLi"Vrk vkjksi yxkvksy xsy
vfN] rkfgl¡ loZFkk eqDr vfNA vfHku;] vUgkj&btksr] pUnzek% ,d Vk VwVy pwM+h] lw;Zd
fuekZ.k] ,d Vk xqykc Mkfjij rFkk cUgst bZ NkS Vk dFkk mDr dFkklaxzges ladfyr vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 71
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ,dj Hkwfedkes vk/qfud dFkkd ewy RkRoosQ¡ ,d Bke llVSr lq/ka'kq ^'ks[kj*
pkS/jh fy[kus NfFk&¶vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkk lw{el¡ lw{e fLFkfrd ifjos'kes] {kf.kdl¡
{kf.kd ekufld mQgkiksges] {kqnzl¡ {kqnz vuqHkwfrd vkosxes ekaly Lo:i xzg.k djckd
{kerk j[kSr vfNA vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkkdkjd ;Sg liQyrk Nfu ;Sg fo'ks"krk Nfu] ;Sg
eksfydrk NfuA vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkk&fodkld ,fg i`"BHkwfeosQ¡ n`f"Ves jkf[k ;fn xaxs'k
xqatud dFkkij fopkj d;y tk; r¡ bZ Lohdkj dj¿ iM+r ts fgud dFkklHkes vks lHk
rRo fo|eku NfuA tdjk y¿d¿ vktqd dFkk ^vk/qfud dFkk* dgcSr vfNA¸
mfYYkf[kr dFkkd vfrfjDr lwi eg¡d Hkk¡Vk] nsg] fe=k] <kgh] d:vkfj vkfn
fgud fdNq izfl¼ dFkk vfNA ¸d:vkfjes orZeku thoud folaxfr vk ekufld NiosQ¡
m?kkfjd¿ jk[ky xsy vfNA udyh izfr"Bk vk iwQfl Hkkoqdrkd chp ,d Vk thoUr
{k.kosQ¡ dFkk idM+ckd ps"Vk djSNA fgud ^nsg* dFkkes nkEiR; thoud ,dkUrl¡ ,dkUr
{k.kes euq"; drsd oqQafBr ,oa vkfFkZd :is ¡ v'kDr&foo'k jgSN rdj vR;Ur ekfeZd vk
LokHkkfod fp=k.k HksVSr vfNA¸
eSfFkyhes fgud dFkkd fof'k"V vonkuosQ¡ Lohdkj djSr Mk- t;dkUr feJ fgudk
izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh lax vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkkd egku LrEHk ekuyfu vfNA
ifgy yksd&fgud miU;kl ^ifgy yksd* ifgus fefFkyk fefgjes /kjkokgh :is ¡
1973 bZ-es cknes] 1982es iqjLdkdkj izdkf'kr HksyA ,fg miU;kld izlax Mk- ^Jh'k*d er
mYYks[k vfN&¶,fges ,d ,gu f'kf{kr uo;qod jktwd dFkk dgy xsy vfN ts lektes
O;kIr folaxfr ,oa vlarqyud laosnu'khy Li"Vk cuy rFkk viu vUrLryis lquxSr fo{kksHk
vks oqQ.Bkd mRihM+uosQ¡ foo'k Hkkos ¡ lgSr vks lkaizfrd foo'krkd f'kdkj cuSr Fkkdy gkjy
vks fuf"ozQ; cuy jgSr vfNA ,fg eè; izyki&'kSyhes miU;kldkjd fopkj&/kjkd izfriknu
vf/d vfN] dFkkd lE;o~Q fodkl deA miU;kld tksrckd o.kZu miU;kld ukedj.kosQ¡
lkFkZd djSr vfNA ^ifgy yksd*d egRo ,d uohu jhfrd iz;ksxd n`f"V,¡ vo'; vfNA¸
oLrqr% xaxs'k xqatud ik=k cqf¼thoh gksbN] ts deks i<+y&fy[ky jgSN] tuks&etwj
jgSN&vksgks cqf¼thoh gksbNA vksdj fopkj&rUrq] lkspckd izfozQ;k] fozQ;k&dyki] lks>&lk>
ufg Hk¿d¿ pozQkdkj jgSr vfNA xqatu viu ik=kd oká O;ogkjd de] vksdj ekufldrkd
fo'ys"k.k cslh djSr NfFkA
,fges Hkk"kkd lgt dYYkksyd vuqxw¡t lquckd vfHkyk"kk j[kfugkj ikBdosQ¡ izk;%
fujk'k gksc¿ iM+yfuA ,fg izdkjd fpUru&iz/ku miU;kld eSfFkyhes vHkko vfNA fuLlUnsg
^ifgy yksd* eSfFkyh miU;kl&Hk.Mkjd mYYks[kuh; fuf/ fFkdA
vkb Hkksj& ,fg ,dkadh es bZ uO;re f'kYid iz;ksx d;yfu vfN ts eSfFkyhes
vfHkuo oLrq fFkdA jksVh vk dfork&,fg leL;kosQ¡ mtkxj djck ysy ys[kd ik=kd uhd
euksfo'ys"k.k d;yfu vfNA fdUrq ts rro fgud vk/qfud dFkkosQ¡ loZlk/kj.k yx ufg
igq¡p¿ nSr vfN] lSg rRo ,fges vfN tkfg dkj.ks ¡ bZ cgqr yksdfiz; ufg Hk¿ ldy&;|fi
,dj egRoes ,fgl¡ cV~Vk ufg yxySdA nkslj] ,dj eapu ysy fof'k"V izdkjd vk/qfud
jaxeap pkgh tdj fefFkykes ,[ku /fj vHkko vfN,A
bZ ,dkyki (eksuksyksx) lsgks fy[kus NfFkA ,fges lEiw.kZ ukVdes ,Dds Vk ik=k jgSNA
,dj jpuk cM+ tfVy ekuy tkbNA
72 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 cqf/cf/;k&cqf/cf/;k eSfFkyhd ifgy iqQV&ikFk ukVd fFkdA ,fg f'kYid xqatu eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
ifgy iz;ksx&drkZ fFkdkgA pkScfV;k ukVdd fo'ks"krkd izlax ys[kd dgSr NfFk&¶pkScfV;k (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
ukVdd ewy fo'ks"krk ,dj ;qxhu dF; vk lgtfg lqyHk izLrqfr ;ksX; gks;c fFkdA fcuk
dksuks yEiQ&yEiQ] fcuk dksuks vfrfjDr izlk/u os'k&Hkw"kk rFkk eap&O;oLFkk d;us] cM+
lLr vk FkksM+ O;oLFkk es ukVd rS;kjh d¿d¿ vksdjk ckVij] ctkj tkbr fd dk;kZy;l¡
?kj ?kqjSr] fd fjD'kkoyk&Bsykoyk] etwj vk fpfu;k¡cknke vk lkrq csofugkj tulk/kj.k
izs{kd&n'kZdosQ¡ vuk;klfg¡ lM+dd dkres] chp pkScV~Vhij ok dksuks uqDdM+ij miyC/
djkvksy tkbd&lkekU; tud chpes vfHkuhr Hk¿ t;ckd ls fof'k"V {kerk uqDdM+ ok
pkScfV;k ukVdes jgSr NSdA ,fg ukVdd lekn lks>k&lks>h lk/kj.k oxZd yksd&psruk
/fj vusjs mrfj ldckes lgtfg l{ke gksbr NSdA¸
cf/cf/;kes ns'kes ?kqeSr lelkef;d ?kVuk&pozQds ¡ fcfV;kd¿ ns[ky xsy vfN vk
vketurkd izfrfozQ;k tukvksy xsy vfN! csdkjh] Hkz"Vkpkj] usrk vk turkd chp c<+Sr
nwjh] vke turkd fnekxes lquxSr ozQkfUrd fpuXkh vkfn vusd foUnq ,fges flusekd jhy
tdk¡] ,d&ij&,d] vcSr pySr vfNA eSfFkyh ukVdes bZ iz;ksx Lokxr;ksX; vfNA
ge% ,d Vk feF;k ifjp;&bZ fgud nh?kZ dfork fFkdA eSfFkyhes ,fg izdkjd
dforkd bZ ifgy laxzg fFkdA dforkd bZ uohu 'kSyh fFkd tkfges dfo dF;osQ¡ O;kidrk
iznku djSr vfNA egkdkO;] [k.MdkO;d ;qx jgy ufgA fdUrq] vk/qfud ;qxd dF; lHk
Vk y?kq, gks] lsgks vko';d ufgA NksV&NksV eqDrdes dfod lEiw.kZ dF;d lekos'k t[ku
vlaHko Hk¿ tkbN r¡ vks ,fg izdkjd dfork fy[kSNA Mk- ^Jh'k* ,dj ppkZ djSr dgSr
NfFk ¶,fges xqatu th O;fDr&O;fDres vkNUUk la=kkl vks okLrfodrkosQ¡ vfr ;FkkFkZoknh
jhfr,¡ fpf=kr djSr uohu dkO;{ks=kes ,d uwru ekun.M izLrqr djckd ps"Vk d,yA¸
,fg iqLrdd izlax Mk- t;dkUr feJd fopkj vfN "Gangesh Ganjan's free
verse poem 'Ham : Ekata Mithya Parichaya' seeks to be a profound examination
of the modern man. The poet partly suceeds in presenting a picture of a common
man in the modern age but his fee verse is not rhythmic and poetic enongh, it
lacks gravity and elegance.”
bZ eqDrdks dforkd jpuk i;kZIr d;us NfFk] xhr vk xty lsgks de ufg fy[kus
NfFkA fgud eqDrd dfork xw<+ vFkZ ysus jgSN] rs ¡ drgq&drgq vLi"Vrkd nks"k lsgks vksfges
py vcSN] fdUrq xhr fgud cM+ dksey] cM+ Li"V vks cM+ ân;xz gh gksbNA fgud fpUru
fgud dforkes rkdy vk loSQN] fgud Hkkouk fgud dksey xhresA dforkes xq tud
moZj efLr"d fozQ;k'khy Hk¿ tkbN] xhres fgud izsee; ân; vkxk¡ vkfc tkbNA fgud
xhres izse&izn'kZu] fcjg&eku euosQ¡ eksfg ySN r¡ fgud dforkes vksdj ewy rÙoosQ¡ idM+ck
ysy efLr"dosQ¡ iwjk O;k;ke dj¿ iMSNA fdUrq fgud fdNq ,guks dfork vo'; vfN]
tkfges 'kSyhd uO;rk jfgrks dF; lgt&rjy Hk¿d¿ vk;y vfNA ^yksd lquw*es fgud
20 xksV vk/qfud dfork lax`ghr vfN] ts fgud dfo&O;fDrRod mi;qZDr xq.kosQ¡ mn~?kkfVr
djSNA mnkgj.kd :ies fgud ^dfork&eudFkk*d fuEufyf[kr ikrhosQ¡ jk[ky tk loSQNµ
lM+dij tkbr dky ikNwl¡
gej vUos"kh vk¡f[k pkSfUg xsy&, vksdjk
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 73
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ge dgSr fN,sd&nsgh gkd
ge gkd ufg n¿ icSr fN,sdµ
vksdj ;k=kkes fo?u gks;rSdA
bZ osQgu viuRo tkxy&, gejkes
vkc gej vksdj ;k=kk
iQjkd&iQjkd
liQy&foiQy gksc¿ ykxy&,A
rfguk] ^Hkksj*d fp=kes vk/qfud n`f"V nz"VO; fFkdµ
pk: dkr vUgkj
tykIykfor ck/µvUgkj
gsjk;y vkfjij
nw Vk Fkj&Fkj Msx
Hkxttksxuh equ vk¡f[k]
'ks"k laHkkfor Hkksjij
[krjukd liZ&iqQiQdkj
prjy vUgkj es ,dVk
mTtj ni&ni HkwjA
,fg laxs] fgud izfl¼ xhrd fuEufyf[kr iafDres Hkko&iz.kork] eksgd dYiuk'khyrk
vk xs;/£erkd xq.kosQ¡ Li"V ns[ky tk loSQNA
gejk ufg lksj d:] gej ckV dkVy vfN
xkld fleku tdka gej eksu ck¡Vy vfN
lhies cUn ef.k vg¡d Lusg
Hkksj fdfju lw;Zeq[kh vg¡d nsg
dfj;k igkM+ rj izk.k gej tkry vfN
,d xksV ikfjtr vg¡d uke
,d Vk ccwj&cksu gej xke
nwuw xksVsd chp le; fuLlkl¡ ekry vfN
xked fleku tdk¡ gej eksu ck¡Vy vfN
74 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vdkyd lanHkZes fy[ky izLrqr xhr vdkyd Hkh"k.krkd mn~?kkVud laxfg eksud eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
bfrgklosQ¡ m/sfl nSr vfNµ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
ckyqij fy[ky gej eksud bfrgkl
lqUulku ckVij ,d BqBq xkN Bk<+
vldj pqueqUuh lu le; bZ mnkl
Hkfj /jrh izk.kij iljy vdky vkb
eqB~Bh Hkfj vUu u¿fg] Hkw[k ,rsd jkl
?kkes ugk;y vifl;k¡r lHk lekt vkb
jDr&/kjes cg; euksjFkd ygkl
xqatu ,rcks fyf[kd¿ eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vej jgrkg] fdUrq fgud izfrHkk&izlwud
eknd&eksgd lqokll¡ eSfFkyh&m|ku fnukuqfnu vf/dkf/d egegkbr tk;r] vksdj
edjUnl¡ ikBdd eu&izzk.k r`Ir gksbr pyr] vksdj iQyd Loknij O;kid ppkZ pySr
jgyA
nsg (dFkk)

L=kh ekus nsg] lHkosQa cw>y jgSr NSdA lHkosQa viuks nsg jgSr NSdA L=kh;ks osQa r¡
cw>y jgSr NSd] iq#"k ekus ,dVk nsgA bZ ckr NSd nqrjiQkA eqnk] lkbrs dksuks L=kh fdaok
dksuks iq#"kosQa ,du NksM+kvksy vFkZ esbZ vFkZ yxSr gksbdA r¡ cslh dky bZ vfHkizk; iwjk
foU;kliwoZd vcSr NSdA L=kh lkspSr vfN] vks gej Lokeh vFkkZr~ iq#"kA iq#"k lkspSr vfN]
bZ gej L=kh vFkkZr~ L=khA lEcU/] [kkld* nkEiR; ,gh fcUnql¡ yVdy jgSr vfNA r¡ vius
ns[kSr gks;cSd ts] ts tsgu yVdfu;k¡ iflUn yksd ls rsgu vkn'kZ x`gLFkA L=kh&i{kes lsgks
;Sg ns[kSr gks;cA
lqUnfj L=kh] (rsgYyk r[ku r¡ ckr ufg) viu L=kh vupks[ks ;fn dkey vkÄqjl¡
xnZfu yx Nwfc nsfFk rsa D;ksa jgvks fy[kSr jgvks] cslh laHko rsa ;Sg ts vksdjk jksb;k¡ Hkqyfd
t;rSdA lquy] i<+y] ns[kykgkd vuqlkjA
gej L=kh gejk ikNw es vkfcd] d[ku Bkf<+ Hksyhg ls gejk ufg cw>y HksyA ge]
tkfu ufg fd,d] ,d cM+ Lokfn'V ijUrq Hkkjh v/ykg ckr lksfp jgy Nygq¡A rdj
dkj.k NySdA lHk /h;k&iwrk iQksaiQ dkfV jgy NyA ,osQVk r¡ dksByhA vksdjk yksdfud
xfreku vfLrRod dkj.ksa cslh dky fuokZflrs jg* iM+Sr vfNA fnu jgvks dh jkfr] cslh
dM+k Hk* d* f[kfl;k nsykl¡ fcuk fuusd vks lHk vkaf[k equus iM+y jgr] eqnk ls dusd
v/ykg yxsr vfNA ,uk d;us cPpk&cqPphd euksoSKkfud vojks/ gksbr NSdA gejk viuk
ij vk'p;Z yxSr vfN] vku dksuks izdkjd vksdjkyksdfud fodkl gksbd rdj fdNq Vk
izcU/ gejk cwrsa ikjs ufg yxSr vfNA tkfu ufg] bZ euksoSKkfud&ruksoSKkfud vojks/d Hkwr
dksuk p<+y jgSr vfNA
,[ku dksuks cslh jkfr ufg Hksy gks;rSdA ;Sg nld veyA vksuk dkyksuhd iapkucs
izfr'kr fulHksj Hk* xsy gks;rA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 75
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl gej L=khd gkFk Bjy NyfuA xnZfu ij ifM+rs gejk ,d jÙkh v/ykg ykxy] eqnk
rqjUrs cM+ uhd ykx* ykxyA gejk bZ ckr fuf'pr :il¡ ufg cw>y Ny ts ,rsd tYnh
gqudk l¡ lHkVk cÙkZu&cklu /ks&/kd* vksfj;kd* jk[ky Hk* t;rfuA eqnk gqudj Bjy gkFk
vk fdNq ,d jÙkh gyqdk;y vkÑfr l¡ ykxy ts lHk Vk Hk* xsyfuA gejk cM+ [kq'kh HksyA
dkj.k] ge gquosQ izlax es ,dVk ukÄV dYiuk d* jgy Nygq¡A ge gqudk ns[kfy;fu r¡
vks fpUrk izdV djSr tckc ryc dj* yxyhgA
,[ku /fj vkaf[k ufg ykxy vfN\ vks gejk vk¡xk vcSr [kwc lfV d* ck¡fg yx
cSlyhgA vk¡pjl¡ viu iksNys gkFk] fHktus jfg t;ckd Hkzees iQsj iksNyfuA gej dikj
NwyfuA dusd fuf'pUr HksyhgA
cq>kb;s] ,[ku de vfNA u¡\ gqudj vk¡f[k rsgu ykxy ts tgk¡ fd dusd udkjkRed
mÙkj nsfy;fu fd >eku Hk* d* [klrhgA gejk gqudj vuqeku vk vuqHko ij g¡lh ykfx
xsyA ge gqudj Bjy gkFkosQa NqcSr dgfy;fu& ¶g¡ nsc\¸
¶dFkh\¸ vks fd r¡ cw>yfu ufga fd vuBk nsyfuA
ge gqudk viu fnl f>dfy;fu] eqnk ls dksuks vku ps"Vkes vksa?kjk xsyhgA vkc
gqudj lk¡l vk gej nsgd chp dusd fHktykgk dqjrk NyA gqudj osQ'kl¡ Hkulk ?kjd
xa/ vkfc jgy NyfuA ge viu ukdosQa dusd vkj yx lVk d* y* xsygq¡A gqudk osQ'kes
ukd ?kksafl;ckd ps"Vk d;ygq¡ r¡ gqudk vkifÙk HksyfuA gejk gqudj osQ'kd Hkulkg xa/
[kwc uhd ykfx jgy NyA ge lksfp jgy Nygq¡& L=khd nsg ;k osQ'kl¡ Hkulk ?kjd xa/
vcSr jgSr NSd r¡ osQgu lqUufj Hk* tkbr NfFk vks\ iQsj Hksy] bZ lkspukb csl isVw yksd
tdk¡& ekus ftgykg tdk¡ HksyA ;|fi L=kh&iq:"kd lEiw.kZ laca/ es Loknsd dYiuk NSdA
Loknd ysy thg pkgcs djhA L=kh&iq#"k ,d Vk thgsl¡ tqVy jgSr vfNA
gej L=kh tksjl¡ dNeN;yhg& ¶vgk¡ cq>cs ufg djSr fN;SdA VqUuq lHk NfFkuA
cÙkh tfjrs NSd& gVwA¸ LokHkkfod NySd ts ge cslh izxk<+ gksbr gqudk cUgus jgfy;fuA
¶vks yksdfu fulHksj NfFkA ns[kSr ufg fN,sd\¸
¶vghad dgusA VqUuw HkXxy dNus iM+y gsrkgA osQgu&osQgu xhr xcSr jgSr NfFk]
lqufy;fugsa\ gVwA¸
¶g¡] gqudj Loj uhd NfuA xhr fo|k fl[k;ckd izcU/-------¸
¶Loj uhd NfuA Loj n*ufg dgSr NhA v/ykg&v/ykg xhr lHk xcSr jgSr NfFkA¸
vks vkc relk xsfy NyhgA
¶dkSu xhr\¸ ge gqudj mijkx ij dusdks fpafrr ufg Hk* ldygq¡A
¶dksu xhr\ vgha nqvkjs r¡ vxM+k;y tkbr NfFkA dgw r¡ ,ruh Vk usuk t¡ ,gu&,gu
xhr xkc; r¡ vkxk¡ dh dj;\¸
¶xhrd ik¡rh dgw us] vgk¡ r¡ [kkyh relkb fN;fuA¸
¶xhrd ik¡rh dgw usA-------¸
gqudj f'kdk;fr ij gejk cM+ tksjl¡ g¡lh vkfc xsyA gqudj ewM+h mQij djSr
dgfy;fu& ¶r¡ ,fges vksfg cspkjkd dksu nks"k\¸
76 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ¶vksfg cspkjkd dksu nks"k\ iQsj ;Sg ts vgk¡d LoHkko vfN ls [kÙkk [kqvkvksr ,d eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
fnuA ge dfg nSr NhA ddj nks"k\¸ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
¶ts ,gu xhr fy[kSr vfN] vksdj] ts daiuh fjdkMZ djSr vfN vk ts flusek ok
ykmMLohdjes] jsfM;kses ctcSr vfN& rdjk yksdfudA VqUuw r¡ lquufg gks;rkg us drgq\¸
¶VqUuw r¡ lquufg gks;rkg us drgq\ VqUuw,¡] fd,d] vkc r¡ NksVfd;ks xcSr NfFkA¸
gqudj rkel dusd lsjk;y tdk¡ cq>k;yA
NksVfd;ks xcSr vfN ,fg lwpukl¡ ge cM+ mRlkfgr Hksygq¡A gejk vusjs vksdj tues
dkyl¡ cq>kbr vfN ts vksdj Loj [kwc e/qj gks;rSdA vksdjk ge laxhr fo|k fl[k;cSdA
drcks rel;ykij dksuks ,dVk uhd Loj es xhr lqfu d* ge cnfy tkbr NhA ls [kkghs
drcks mnkl jghA
¶vksgks\\ dksu xhr xcS;s\¸
¶vks dksu xhr xcS;s\ vki ls gedks fNys gq,--------¸
gejk [kwc tksjl¡ g¡lh ykfx xsyA gej L=kh lsgks g¡l* yxyhgA eqnk ykxy tsuk
cq>;yfu ts g¡ld xyrh Hksy r¡ nkfc ysyfuA
¶,[kus mBkd¿ lquy tk; vksdjkl¡A¸ ge izLrko d;fy;fuA
¶,[kus mBkd* lquy tk; vksdjkl¡A¸ gejk ckrosQa ;Fkk'kCn nksgj;ckd gqudj ,dVk
LFkk;h vk fo'ks"k LoHkko NfuA ¶viuk dh cq>kb;s\ iQsj mBrhg r¡ Hkfj jkfr [k;rhg r¡
gejkA¸
¶vks dh [k;rhg vgk¡osQa\¸
¶vks dh [k;rhg vgk¡osQa\ ,rsdVk usuk vku osQ NSd ts ,[ku /fj nw/ fifcrs gksbd\
fgudk nw/ NqVrfu gejk ejcsd lÄ~A¸
gqud bZ fpUrk cM+ mfpr vk vko';d fpUrk NfuA gejk eku* iM+yA ge gqudk
fdNq dfg ufg ldfy;fuA dkj.k bZgks ,dVk rsgus ckr jgSd tkfg ij gej fdNq cktc
Hkkjh vuqfpr gks;rA ge gqudj ihB&ok¡fgosQa Lusgl¡ Nwc* yxfy;fuA vks pqipki lVfy
NyhgA gqudj ,uk jgc gejk vkj uhd ykx* ykxyA gejk yksdfuosQa ;Sg] ,ruh;s&,ruh;s
ckr uhd yxckd gsrq jfg xsy vfNA vks [kwc nqCcfj Hk* xsfy NfFkA nsgd lgM+h&lgM+h
tkfx xsy NfuA
rqjUr Fkkfd tkbr NfFkA nsgl¡ ilsuk nSr jgSr NfuA pwfYg yxl¡ csj&csj mfBd* [kkV
ij isVdqfu;kan* ifM+ jgSr NfFkA gej dk;kZy;d csj Hk* tkbr vfN] VwUuw&fcUuhd Ldwyd
csj Hk* tkbr NfuA vks NksVdhd viuksyksukd vk¡p tksM+ckd csjA lHkd r¡ viu&viu
rkd NSdA
fdNq iQjkb;s ufgA ,rsd Vk /fj nw/ ufg NksM+Sr NfFkA eqnk fguosQ dksu nks"k\ ,ruh
Vk usuk [kkyh jksfV;s&Hkkrij r¡ ufg jgSr NSdA d; fMCck xySDlks fd vewy dhuy xsyfugsa
fgudk ysy\
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 77
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl gej L=kh pqi jgyhgA rF; ;Sg NSdA
r¡ usA dh dfj;fuA viuks ufg jgy tkbr vfNA d[kuks d* nw/ /jk nSr fN;fuA
tsgks Nyfu nsg] ls dk¡V Hksy ts tkbr Nfu!
vks duueqg Hk* xsfy gks;rhgA gejks eu vizR;kf'kr cM+ Hkkjh Hk* xsyA gejk yksdfu
ek=k usukd fxurh vk vHkkod lwph rS;kj d* losQr NhA vko';drk lHkosQa dkVc vk
thoud mís';d Mkfj&ikr Nk¡Vc gejkyksdfud fu;frA
¶vgw¡ drsd nqCcj Hk* xsygw¡\¸
¶vgw¡ drsd nqCcj Hk* xsygwA viu nsg ns[kwA xky pksdfV d* ,uk Hk* xsy;A tsgus
ek osQa jgfu ts tek; LoLFk r¡ Hksykg] rsgus Hk* ts xsfy;fuA vgw¡ osQa VqUuq,¡&fcUuh tdk¡ r¡
ufg vkS"k/ djkvksy tk;rA d; fnu dgSr&dgSr FksFkj Hksy Nh---------dksuks MkDVjl¡ uhd
tdk¡ t¡ djkmA gejk r¡ xqnkuckd dksuks xIis ufg] ts tsBks&iS?k dgSr NfFk r¡ vgk¡osQa dksu
fpUrk\¸
vks lR;s nq%[kh vk foo'k NyhgA gejk cM+ dpksV HksyA gejk fuf'prs dksuks izcU/l¡
LokLF; lEcU/h tk¡p djck ysckd pkgSr NyA ge csdkj Vkjygq¡A eqnk ,fg izlaxosQa ge
lrr cpc* pkgSr NhA djSr fN,sd ge dh ikbZ\ yksd pkmj&nkfyd bUrtke djr fd
nokb&nk#dA ge dh d* losQr fN,sdA eqnk bZ dFkk ,rsd Li"V vk dVq :isa dgy ufg
tk losQr vfN& viuk L=kh;ksad ufgA gej vis{kk] ts fgudk Lo;a fd,d ufg cq>ckd
pkfg;fu ifjfLFkfr\ ge dh dksuks tkfu&cwf> d* VkjSr Nh\
ge tuSr ufg Nh ls ckr ufgA ,rck ikbes ufg gksbr NSdA eqnk yksd dgquk djcks
r¡ ,ghl¡ djSr vfNA ge ufg [kk;cA D;ks ufg [k;rSdA dksuks oLrq nksdkul¡ ufg vksrSdA
nsgs ufg jgrSd r¡ yksd dh djr\
gqudj ,fg izsekRed rkelij cM+ Lusg tkxyA ge gqudj tqV~VgosQa ikNk¡ fnl ?khfp
d* gqudj eq¡g viuk lks>k¡ mBcSr ns[kfy;fuA
¶cq¼w Nh vgk¡A¸
¶cq¼w Nh vgk¡A Nh r¡ NhA vgk¡ uhd tdk¡ ns[kk;c ufg MkDVjla\¸
¶ns[kk;c] ns[kk;cA vfxyk ekls ns[kk yscA cl\¸
¶vfxyk ekl es ns[kk yscA d; vfxyk ekl r¡ chryA gejk ufg BdwA¸
¶ufg lR;sA ,fg csj ufg gks;r r¡ cfu;kosQa dfg nscSd ts vfxyk ekl y* ysr
VkdkA ,fg csj lHk D;ks MkDVjsl¡ ns[kk ySr tkbA gejk r¡ vgk¡d 'kjhjs nsf[k d* eu >wl
Hk* tkbr vfNA¸
¶vusjs gejk ufg relkm] ls dfg nSr NhA gejk dh Hksy*;\ viuk ns[kk;c ls gksbrs
ufg vfNA gej ckcw ts nckb fyf[k nsyfu rkfges dksu gtkj&ctkj yxSr\ ls r¡ d;y
ikjs ufg ykxyA nw o"kZ r¡ HksyA¸
ge fgudj ,gh izlaxl¡ Msjk;y Nygq¡] drgq iQsj us oSg izlax mB;A ls mfB;s
xsyA fgudj firk lÙks ,d Vk nckb fyf[k nsus jgfFkA iq£t, gsjk xsy dgk¡ nuA iQsj
fyf[k nsyfFkuA rkgw iwthZ ij ufg v;ySd nckbA osQd csj eq¡gkiQqYyh HksyA gej fcljkg
78 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
vk ukijckfg gks;ckd ij ?kaVk Hkfj ekFk&dikj >k¡Vy xsyA ,d csj r¡ izfrKk d;yfu& eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
¶vfxyk ekles ns[kSr Nh dksuk nckb ufg fdukbr NSdA ufg gks;r r¡ ge Hkk;l¡ fduk;cA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
vgk¡ ?kksj djSr jgw gej euA¸ fgudj ,fg mÙkstukij g¡lh ykfx xsy NyA rdjk cknks ts
nckb ufg v;ySd rdj dkj.k ge tuSr NhA ls] ;Sg ts iQsj vksfg ekld Vkdk&iSlkd
vHkko vk vfxyk ekld dk;ZØed Hkjksl jgy gks;rSdA eqnk ,fg fo"k;ij iQsj dksuks xIi
ufg HksySdA gejk larks"k ,fg ckrd Hksy ts bZ ifjfLFkfrd okLrfodrkl¡ ifjfpr r¡ HksyhgA
¶vgk¡ iQsj vkb nckb ufg [k;fy;Sd\¸ ge Vksdfu;fuA
¶iQsj ufg nckb [k;fy,sdA ge ufg [kk;c] ufg [kk;c] vgk¡ tkor ufg uhd
tdk¡ ns[kk;cA¸ vks gej dikj fparkl¡ rsuk Nwyfu] tsuk fdNq, feuVes iQsj us gej Toj
FkekZehVj ikj d* xsy gksA
¶vgk¡d Toj iQsj cf<+ xsyA¸ vks fpafrr HksyhgA
¶cq¼wA rqjUrs dgygq¡ ts de vfNA vkc lwfr jgwA cM+ jkfr HksySdA¸
gqudk gkiQh v;yfuA gejk cM eu Hksy] nqykj dfj;fuA eqnk vks cM+ Fkkdfy
cq>;yhA gqudj tqV~Vh es gej vkÄqj vks>jk; xsy NyA ihB ijd iQkVy Cykmt yx
gqudj lnZ Ropkd vuqHko HksyA eues ,dVk dk;ZØe cuk ysygq¡A LVs'ku yx cM+ lqUnj
dVihld nksdku [kqtySd vfNA gejk vk¡f[k es jax&fcjax NhaV lHk vkc* ykxr Ny fd
vks Vksdyfu&¶lwfr jgygq¡\¸
¶uSA¸
¶tk¡fr fn;\¸
¶u%A¸ ge gM+cM+k xsygq¡] tsuk vks mfBd* tk¡r* ykxfy gksfFkA
¶nokb d; cts [k;cS\¸
¶iQsj vgk¡ fcljy tkbr Nygq¡A mBw [kk fy;k nckbA¸ vks ufg mByhgA
¶nqr~A dksuks iQk;nk gksbrs ufg NSdA lkSals 'kh'kh [kk xsfy,sd------------¸
¶cwf> iM+S;s eaxuhd vkS"kf/ ykHk ufg djSr NSdA¸ gejk g¡lh ykx* ykxyA eqnk
iRuhd f[kUurkl¡ eeRo Hk* xsyA vlyes bZ vkS"k/ gej ,dVk gkml ltZu fe=k nsus jg;A
bZ vksdjk nckbd ,tsUV uewukes nsus jgSd eÄuhA ge lksp* yxygq¡] fd,d ufg vksdjs
enfr yh vk cM+k vLirky es uhd tdk¡ t¡pck yhA ,dksVk ifjfpr MkDVj jgyk ij vku
rjgd dksuks nqxZfr ufg gksbr NSdA tkfgl¡ rax vkfc d* nqf[krks yksd csM NksfM+ d* iM+k
vcSr vfN---------- lHk ekstj nsc yxSr NSd vk lqpk: :il¡ nokb uhd HksV* yxSr NSdA
eqnk mRlkg de Hk* xsyA dkj.k] vks fe=k gkyses fookg d;yd vfNA O;Lr vfN viuk
uodfu;k¡ d ,dkUr lÄesaA gejk g¡lh ykfx xsyA fookg Hkkjh fofp=k gksbr vfNA oSg
lHk yksd] lEcU/] ikNk¡ cgqr fnu /fj Hkkjh vdNkg ykx* yxSr NSd yksdosQaA ----eryc
fookg Hksyk ij yksdl¡ lEcU/ rsa f'kfFky gksbrs NSd----g¡lh lsgks gksbr NSdA
gej g¡lhbZ dusd pkSadyhgA fgudj vkaf[k ykxy tkbr NyfuA rFkkfi dksuguk
iwNyfu&¶g¡lj fd,d ykx-----¸
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 79
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ge fdNq tckc ufg nsfy;fuA lkspygq¡] ¶vius bZ fuf'pr nokb ufg [k;rhg
mfBd*A vius mBh vk [kksvk fn;fuA vks cslh Hkkjh ykx* yxyhgA¸
ge nsg fgykd* iqNfy;fuµ ¶lwrc\¸ vks d"V l¡ dgyfuµ ¶g] cM+ tksj fuUu
ykfx xsy;sA--------vgk¡ vkS"k/ [kk ysc r[ku lwrcA¸ gejk gqudj ,fg fpark ij eu Hkfj
vk;yA
¶csl] vgk¡ lqrwA gejk Nkrh ij vks fuf'pUr ifj jgyhgA ge rkgw {k.k dh djh]
dh ufg djhd fLFkfres mQij jks'kuh fnl rosQr jgygq¡A L=khd lk¡l nqf[krkg yksdd lk¡
tdk¡ Msjkvksu ykx* ykxyA lHk cPpk fuf'pUr lwfr jgy Ny] rS;ks gejk cq>k; tsuk
lHk ,d us ,dVk Hk;kog LoIu nsf[k jgy vfN vk dksuks {k.k [kwc tksjl¡ fpdj* ykfx
losQr vfN] -----dDdk----¸
lHk cPpk gejk dDdk dgSr vfN] ls iRuhosQa cM+ v/ykg yxSr NfuA eqnk vks
droks fl[kcSr NfFkuµ ¶firkosQa yksd dDdk ufg dgSr NSd] firkth dgSr NSdA¸ dFkh
ysy D;ks cq>rfuA ,d&nw csj fdpfdpc* tdk¡ dgSr vfN µ ¶firkth]¸ iQsj oSg dDdkA
iRuhd eu ?kksj Hk* tkbr NfuA NksfM+ nSr NfFkuA vkc r¡ NksfM+;s nsyfFku vfNA
ge lksp* yxygq¡A fnuesa lwry jgh rS fuUu ufg iM+Sr vfNA eksgYyk ,dne 'kkUr
Hk* xsy NySdA xkees del¡ de vusdjks Hkfj jfr dqdqj fd xhnM+ r¡ HkqosQr jgSr NSdA
'kgj es r¡ vgk¡d jkf=kdkyhu vleatlrkosQa rksM+ok ysy dksuks izkÑfrd lk/u ufgA
gej iRuh vkc 'krizfr'kr lwfr jgy NyhgA vkc ge uhd tdka nsf[k jgy
Nfy;fuA nqCcj&ikrfj] xksj&ukj nsg vLoLFkks jgyk mÙkj >d&>d d* jgy NyfuA gejk
dusd yksHk HksyA Lusgl¡iQsj ns[kfy;fuA vkc vks vk/k gejk nsg ij] vk/k [kkV ij NyhgA
Cykmtd gqd [kqft xsy NyfuA vks cslqf/ NyhgA viu cyk ck¡fg ij iM+y gqudj
'kjhjosQa fLFkjsa Mksyk nsfy;fuA vks dusd vkaf[k [kksfyd* iqu% eqfu ysyfuA gejk dksuknu
ykxyA ge cM+h dkyl¡ fdNq&fdNq lksfp jgy Nygq¡A gejk 'kjhjes lR;s Toj cf<+ xsy
NyA ekFkk /* ysus NyA
ckek ck¡fges iRuh Hkkjh Hk* xsy NyhgA gejk viuk ij cM+ larks"k HksyA iQsj gqudk
,d csj txkSfy;fuA vks ¶mQ¡µvk¡¸ djSr dusd vk¡f[k [kksyyfu] ns[kyfu vk gHkj xnZfu
NuSr iQsj lwfr jgyhgA
jks'kuh cfjrs NySdA Hksy fe>k fn,sdA jkfr&fojkfr VqUuw&fcUuh D;ks mBr r¡ ,uk
ns[krA gejk r¡ ufg] iRuhosQa ikNk¡ irk yxrfu r¡ pkfj fnu /fj eqgk¡cTthij ladV laHkoA
ge drsd csj cq>kSfy;fu ,rsd ijgst tdjk nw ntqZu dksByhd egy NSd rdjks laHko
ufgA bZ ,dVk dksByh vfN] dksu mik;A eqnk ls ufgA gqudk usus&HkqVdk [kjkc Hk* t;rfuA
ge gqudk ugq¡,l¡ llkfj dkres ikfM+ nsfy;fuA iQsj ugq,¡l¡ mrjygq¡] dksByh es Vgy*
yxygq¡A NksVdhd NksV&NksV xky ij ikap&LkrVk ePNM+ yq/dy jgSdA nsg r¡ /ksrhl¡ >k¡iy
Nysd] eqnk vks dNeNk jgyNyA cM+ dksuknu Hk* xsy euA rjgRFkhl¡ Hkxkvksy vksdjkA
iQsj cM+ rkel HksyA ,dksVk cM+dk ePNM+nkuh jgc drsd vko';d NSdA usuk lHkosQa
ihfc;s ysr bZ ePNM+A ufg] ,fg ekl es dksuks rjgsa ,d Vk dhuc vko';dA
80 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ge Vgy* yxygq¡A vk'kafdr jgh ts ePNM+ lHk iQsj yq?kdy gks;rSdA Hkqnk ns[kckd eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
lkgl ufg gksv;A f[kM+dhl¡ dusd&dusd clkr flgosQySd r¡ eksu [kq'kh HksyA uhd ykxyA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
ge /qfj d* [kkV yx v;ygq¡ r¡ gejk iQsj osQu dNeNh NwV* ykxyA fgudj [kqty
nsgd 'khryrk gejk iQsj Nqvk xsyA ifNyk drsd dkyl¡ iM+y&iM+y ge ek=k nsgsd xIi
lksfp jgy Nygq¡A gej eu dkxt tdk¡ //dyA eqnk fuf'pUr iM+fy L=khd fu£odkj
vkÑfr nsf[kd* fe>k xsyA gqudj lqUnj Bksj vksfguk gejk eq¡g yx NyA eqnk fgudk
bgks dfg;fu ts vgk¡d Bksj [kwc lqUuj vfN r¡ bZ eu ?kksj d* ysrhgA ^gejk ufg Vksdw]
dfg nSr NhA¸
gqudk ekFkd vks>jk;y osQ'kes nw&pkfjVk ePNM+ vafre le; dkfV jgy NyA ge
vksdjk lHkosQa ufg gVkSfy,sdA djhV iQsfjd* lwr yxygq¡A
nfguk nsckyd fnl utfj xsy r¡ ,dVk cPpk fxjfxV lVy NySdA
nqf[kr iM+ckl¡ ,d jkfr ifgus ge gqudk Lusg dj* yxfy;fuA vksfg fnu ,dljs
jghA usuk&HkqVdk lHkosQa eke y* xsy jgfFku drgq cqykd¿*A
ge tfguk gqudk nqykj dj* yxfy;fu fd vks csl xEHlhj Hk*d* fNVfd xsyhgA
gejk ,dj dksuks vFkZ ufg ykxy] del¡ de vksfg fnuA
ge cq>kSfy;fu------,uk fd,d djSr Nh\ rkfg ij vks xEHkhjrk l¡ nsoky ijl¡ rosQr
,dVk fxjfxV fnl ns[khyfu vkÄqjl¡] lR;s vksdj vk¡f[k gejs lHk fnl ykxy NySdA gejk
g¡fl;ks ykxy] dusd rkealks HksyA eqnk vks nq"Vrkl¡ fcgq¡lr jgyhgA ijUrq vtqdk fxjfxV
cPpk NySdA
dFkkd rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&HkkSfrdoknh i`"BHkwfees ekuoh; laosnukd liQy fp=k.k fgud jpukd

oSf'k"V~; vfN vk lSg ,fg dFkkd dFkkoLrq tkfges ys[kd viu vk£Fkd foo'krkl¡
tw>Sr iRuh larku vk ifjokjl¡ vR;ar flusg jkf[krgq¡ vk£Fkd vHkkod nynyes fujarj
/¡lSr nkaikR;d okLrfod lq[k ysy tqf> jgy NfFkA L=kh vk iq#"kd chp nkaiR; thoues
,sfgd lq[kd lax nSfgd lq[kosQ¡ lsgks ,fges cM+ ekstj nsy xsy vfNA ys[kd viu ,sfgd
ftEesokjh lax nSfgd ftEesokjh vk vko';drkosQ¡ cq>S NfFku] eqnk] ,dVk NksV nhu dksByhes
/h;k&iq=kk chp rdj lhek osQ¡ uhd tdk¡ n'kkZvksy xsy vfNA ,dVk fuEu eè;e oxhZ;
ifjokjes tkfg fLFkfrd fp=k.k ,fg dFkkes vfN ls dFkkosQ¡ LokHkkfork iznku djSr vfNA
dFkkd i`"BHkwfees dFkkdkj NksVNhu ukSdjh djS NfFku vk dksuks rjgs ¡ viu ifjokjd
Hkj.k&iks"k.k djS NfFkuk gqudj iRuh leLr vk£Fkd fo"kerkd ckn gqudkl¡ vlhe&izse
vk J¼k jk[kS NfUgA thou la?k"kZ es gqudk lax lax Bk<+ jgS NfFkuA viu 'kkjhfjd d"V
vk vHkkod ckotwn viu izseosQ¡ efyu ufg gkse¿ nS NfUgA dFkk n`'; gj n`'; fuEu
eè;eoxhZ; nkaiR;d LokHkkfod ifjfLFkfrl¡ ikBdosQ¡ ifjfpr djkcS vfNA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&dFkkdkj viu dFkkes LokHkkfod :il¡ ik=kosQ¡ izLrqr djS NfFkA
fgudj ik=k uhd tdk¡ ns[ky&ij[ky vk fudVd ik=k gks,r NfUgA ,fg Bke vks Lo;a
,dVk fuEueè;eoxhZ; nkaiR;d ,dVk vfHkUu ik=k] ifrd :ies mifLFkr NfFk vk dekcs'k
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 81
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ys[kd& i=kdkj lHkd de osru Hkksxh ik=kd :ies thoud ;FkkFkZosQ¡ LohdjSr viu csclh
osQ¡ cq>Sr izLrqr NfFkA nkslj fnl gqudj iRuh de i<+y&fy[ky gksbr gq¡ viu ifrosQ¡
;FkkfLFkfrosQ¡ cq>Sr oqQ'ky x`g.khd :ies mifLFkr NfFkA larkulHkd vkpkj&O;ogkj vke
f/;k&iq=kk tdk¡ NfUgA ifr&iRuhd xIi&'kIi vk O;ogkjes rrsd LokHkkfodrk vfN ts
i<+Sr dky nwuw ik=k ek¡ly Hk¿ vk¡f[kd lk¡>k ukfp mBSr vfNA ;Sg LokHkkfodrk dFkkdkjd
dFkkd igpkuks vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh Hkk"kk%&dFkkdkj Lo;a dFkkes izeq[k ik=kd :ies mifLFkr NfFk rs¡ dFkk
ukVdd n`'; tdk¡ pySr vfN vk laokn vksdj lw=k cfu tk,r vfNA dFkkdkj d,d
Bke Lokxr laoknl¡ ikBdosQ¡ tksM+ckd iz;kl d;yfu vk ,dVk liQy usjsVj tdk¡ dFkkd
izR;sd lw=kl¡ ikBdosQ¡ tksM+ckd iz;kl d;yfu ts Lora=krkd cknd fl¼gLr dFkkdkjd
ikafres fgudk Bk<+ djS NfUgA ,fg dFkkes uS flxeu ÚkbZM NfFk uS dkyZ ekDlZ ,fg dFkkd
izR;sd lw=kes ,dVk xjhc fuEueè;eoxhZ; thoud foo'krk vk Lusgd /kj vfHkO;aftr
gks,r vfNA ,dj Hkk"kk izcq¼ eSfFkyd xIi&'kIid Hkk"kk vfNA ,fgl¡ dFkk ikBdl¡ l|%
dusDV gks;ckd {kerk jk[kS vfNA
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; lgt euksjatu ufg vfN] eqnk thoud ;FkkFkZl¡ ikBdosQ¡
lk{kkRdkj djc vfNA ,fg HkkSfrdoknh ;qxes thoul¡ iyk;u vk >wBd rkukckukes nkaiR;osQ¡
tksfM+ tkfg rjgs ¡ ikfjokfjd foèoal Hk¿ jgy vfNA ifr&iRuhes ,d nksljkd izfr vkozQks'k
vk nwjh cf<+ jgy vfN vksfg dM+hes bZ dFkk ufg pkfgrks ,dVk lus'k n¿ tk,r vfN ts
dksuks ifjfLFkfres t[ku ifr&iRuh ,d nksljkd lax Bk<+ jgSr vfN r¿ thoud izR;sd
dfBukbZl¡ ikj ikvksy tk loSQr vfNA lq[k&nq%[k vk la?k"kZ r¿ thoud vo;o vfN vks
vkvksr tk,r eqnk nkaiR;d vkRek&gks,r vfN J¼k&izse&leiZ.k vk rdjk le{k iS?kl¡ iS?k
pqukSrh gkfj tk,r vfNA vk thou pySr jgSr vfNA

O;k[;k

O;k[;k% vks lR;s nq%[kh vk foo'k Nyhg gejk cM+ dpksV HksyA gejk fuf'prs
dksuks LokLF; laca/h tk¡p djck ysckd pkgSr Ny ge csdkj Vkjygq¡A eqnk ,fg izlaxosQ¡
ge lrr cp¿ pkgSr NhA djSr fN,sd ge dh ikbZ\ yksd pkmj&nkfyd bartke djr dh
nokb&nk#dA ge dh d* loSQr fN,sdA eqnk bZ dFkk ,rsd Li"V vk dVq :is ¡ dgy ufg
tk loSQr vfN& viuk L=kh;ksosQ¡ ufgA gej vis{kk] ts fgudk Lo;a fd,d ufg cq>ckd
pkfg;fu ifjfLFkfr\ ge dh dksuks tkfu cqf> d* VkjSr NhA
O;k[;k% izLrqr dF;ka'k eq/ZU; dFkkdkj xaxs'k xqatu jfpr ^nsg* 'kh"kZd dFkkl¡ ysy
xsy vfNA bZ dFkkdkjd eksus&eksu lkspy Loxr eqfDr vfNA
lanHkZ%&t[ku ys[kdosQ¡ iRuh vLoLFk gks;ckd izlaxes dksuks MkWDVjl¡ ns[k;ckd ysy
dgSr NfFku vk vks fu£ues"k viu dktes O;Lr jgSr NfFk viu bZyktosQ¡ VkjSr vfN vk
Lo;aosQ¡ vk£Fkd vHkko es foo'k ikcSr vfN r[ku ys[kd eksu&eksu lkspSr bZ dFku izLrqr
djS NfFkuA
82 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 HkkokFkZ%&ys[kd ,dVk fuEu vk;oxZd yksd NfFk ts viu ifjokjd vko';dh; eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
oLrqtkrd vkiw£res vleFkZ NfFkuA ,guk ifjfLFkfres vks viu byktd izfr dksuk lksfp (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
loSQr NfFkA gqudj iRuh lsgks vLoLFk NfFku tdjk nsf[k gqudk cgqdpksV gks; NfuA eqnk
vks Lo;aosQ¡ foo'k eglwl djS NfFkuA gqudj bZ NViVkgV laosnuk vk vkarfjd vkozQks'k
,fg mfDres izdV Hk¿ jgy vfNA dksuks vlDd O;fDr viu bykt djkvksr eqnk bykt
ysy ikb pkgh vk t¡ rdj vHkko jgSr vfN r¿ vksfges ddj lDd NSd ys[kd ;Sg lkspS
NfFkuA oLrqr% vk£Fkd vHkko ddjks thouosQ¡ yk[k dksf'k'kd ckotwn iVjh ij ufg py¿
nSr vfNA ,guk le;es ifr&iRuhd ,d nksljkosQ¡ lacy nsy l¡ dgquk thou vkxw c<+ys
tk,r vfNA thoud ;FkkFkZl¡ fd;ks eq[k ufg eksfM+ loSQr vfNA ifjfLFkfrd fueZerkl¡
fd;ks ufg cpSr vfNA eqnk ththfo"kkl¡ lHkfdNq laHko NSA tkfg rjgs ¡ ,fg mfDrl¡ ys[kd
thoud ;FkkFkZd mn~?kkVu d;us NfFk ls ikBdd eksuosQ¡ varLFk /fj NqcSr vfNA
dF; oSf'k"V~;%&thoud Hkksxy lR;d dF; fu:i.k vk lw{el¡ lw{e rarqosQ¡ idM+Sr
dFkk /kjkosQ¡ vkxw c<+;ckd bZ 'kSyh orZeku dFkk txrd dFkk&liQyrkd vkRek vfNA
eksud var}ZU} laoknd ukV~;rkes lsgks vfHkO;aftr gks,r vfNA Hkk"kk cgq lks> vk Li"V
vfN] ts ikBdosQ¡ uhd tdk¡ dFkkl¡ tksM+Sr vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 83
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
2- ykydkMZ (dFkk) Jh jk/ko`Q".k

Jh jk/ko`Q".kd voknku

Jh jk/ko`Q".k tUe 15 vxLr] 1927 bZ- es Hksyfu vks njHkaxk ftykd cgsM+k xkel¡
NfFkA bZ izzkr% cgsM+d ukel¡ izfl¼ NfFkA ifgus bZ viu lkfgR; deZ ^cgsM+* ukel¡ djSr
Nykg] eqnk orZekues bZ jk/ko`Q".kd ukel¡ lkfgR; deZZ djSr NfFkA fgudj dFkkes fuEu
oxhZ; vk eè;oxhZ; ifjokjd fo"ke ifjfLFkfrosQ¡ cM~M lw{erkl¡ viu dFkkes jk[kS NfFkuA
fgudj dFkklHk izzks- gfjeksgu >k vk ef.kiB~ed fudVd dFkk vfN vk bZZ ek;kuUn feJ
vk yfyrl¡ iwoZd dFkkd izfrfuf/Ro djSr vfNA fgudj dFkkes ekDlZd fl¼kard O;kid
izzHkko n`f"Vxr gks,r vfNA vksuk fgudj fdNq dFkk gkL; jld Lokn lsgks gSr vfNA
ykydkMZ (dFkk)

ek/o vcsj /fj lqrys jgy----rhu fnuqd mtxh vk Hkksjdh fuUuA fdfju dpukjd
iQquxh ij fcyey] nyku ij iljy vk v[kM+s tksj[kV~Vk ij tj* ykxyA [kkV xje Hk*
xsySdA /jrh rc/* ykxyA ek/od nsg ijd rkSuh rIir Hk* xsySdA dikj /kes Hkhft
xsySdA frD[k jkSnA
¶dksuk fgudk jkSnks ufg yxSr NfuA x; nkbZA ?kSy ysus ts r[ku lsa Bk<+ Nh l¡ ?kSyks
rcf/ xsyA Mk¡M+ Vs<+ Hk* xsy Bk<+s&Bk<+A¸ µ'kksHkkd bafxr ek/od fnl NySdA
eqnkA lqHknzk osQ¡ r¡ fdNq vkjks yxySd] Bkf<+;s Vksdydµ ¶bZ fcgq¡lSr btksfj;k ts us
djkc; HkkSthA jkfr lqrck es dqeeZ Hk* xsy gks;r\ rdZ djd csj jgSr NS\ drsd ifgus l¡
ge Bkf<+;s NhA dgk¡ fdNw cq>fy;SdA ?kSy jk[kw vk cqfy d* cqf> vkm x* fuUud jgL;A
ifgus gejkyksdfu Hkfj ysc r[ku gks;r vgk¡d ikjA¸
¶ls lk¡psµ¸ xkSjh ek; ctyhgµ¶gejk r¡ fpYgdk iQdjSr gks;r] eSa;kA¸
¶gs] vkc D;ks cwf<+;ks&cq<+kuql cq>Sr NSd! ykt&/k[k mBkd* ihfc xSysd bZ rqfjd
yksdA ik¡fr yxkm r¡ rk¡fr yxkmA dfg;ks lquus Nfy,sd bZ vdjgjA Hkk; gsfFku ek/o
ckSvksA ls osQgu tqekd* dfg nsydfuA¸ ----cwf<+ Fkqy&Fkqy eS;k fViyfuA
¶vk xwM+ [k;ykd ckn tsgu ykx; uhe\¸ lqHknzkd vfUre okD; 'kksHkk osQa csl
NqydfuA
¶lquFkqu] eSa;kA fgudk dFkh ysy vk¡fr mfB xsyfuA HkjFkq trsd dkysa HkjrhgA osQ
dh dgydfu fgudk\¸ µ¶vksy lu cksy fejpkbosQj lUukA dgySd tsA iafMr eSa;kA ge
lHk ikj dh tku* xsfy,sdA ikj tku, ikjsckyh us\ ikjs ysy f?kuek&f?kueh] >ksaVk&>ksaVh
vk xk¡ xnZA¸
¶lquS NfFku xkSjhek;\ bZ c*yl¡ cylj vk;¡] bZ gksbZ\ gejks c*y r¡ nsf[krs NhA vk
nsf[k;uq fgudks MyA¸ µ,Ùksd BksaBsa mBfy lqHknzk& ¶ddjk dr* >ksaVk&>ksaVh gksbZ NSd\ vk
dr* xke ?kksy gksbZ NSd ls ns[kyfFku vfN D;ks] lqucks d;yfFku vfN\ ge t¡ nqb&lkSfru
Nh r¡ dFkh ysy fdNq gks;rA ge lklqj jgSr Nh r¡ vks uSgjes vk vks lklqjes jgSr vfN
84 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
r* ge viu ek;&ckid jkt ij jgSr NhA rSa ddjks tdk¡ uSgj&lklqj] bZ HkkM+k vks HkkM+k eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
eq¡g dgk¡ nSr fN,sdA gej ikj bZ iqjSr NfFky dh fgudj ge----A¸ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
¶gs] Bksj tfu uej;A us jgh ,fg Vksy] us lquh bZ cksyA dgyosQd ts viuk [kqV~Vk
ij dqdqjks cfM+;kA ge dh tku* xsfy,sd ts ddjk lkSfru NSd vk ddj b;kj&nksl] gqydh
ekjS NSdA gejs Vksyd uy f?kfpd* ,fg] Vksy py vk;y rsa bZ tcnA [khfpd* r¡ lq[kk
fnfr,sd t¡ vkbZ bZ gejk Vksy esa jfgrfFkA ys gejk dgrh---bZ HkkM+k vks HkkM+kA¸
¶gs] v¡gw lHk lqucfuA lquS NfFku ckSvk ekbZA bZ c*yl¡ ts <kgh ySr NfFkA gegw¡
fdNq yxk ufg j[kcfuA ifgus lqfu ysFkqu bZ lHkA ge fdNq ctygq¡ vfNA pqi NhA vk bZ\
xkSjhek; NfFkgsA ,d cjd lkr cj*d pqdk nscfu geA dgS NS tsA dgk¡ jl;] dgk¡ cl;]
dgk¡ tkd* fdnu ?kl;A ls ifjA iQsj pqdfM+d* ,gh VksyA vk;c ufg r¡ tk;c dr*!¸
[katfu] ek/qjh] 'kSy] lqdqekjh vk ldqUrh ,[ku /fj pqi NfyA dFkh ysy fdNq
cktvksx*A eq¡g lhus NfyA vk¡[k&HkkSa eVdk d* dusd vkl n* nSd vk jl ys;;A eqnk]
'kksHkk csj&csj Vksyd ppkZ d* vksdjk yksdfud LokfHkekuosQa Vqlfd;k jgy NyhgA lqHknzkd
vafre pj.k vkc gqudks yksdfuosQa yslydA
¶r¡ vgk¡ Vksyd uke fd,d yscS v;\ vius cM+ iqjrekA Bksj lqiqV gksbrs us NfuA
cM+ vksyckth Hksyhg vfNA yfxpk;ys r¡ vfN HkksVA ns[kc us ts dksu <ksy vk fiigh
ctSr vfNA¸
¶g¡] viuk eq¡g l¡ tsuk e/qjhiQwy >MS+r NfuA lHk vuosQ nqlrSA pkyfu nqlyfu
lwiosQaA¸
¶x;] ls tsa pkfj ?kj nqlk/&pekj rsa us bZ BslhA gfjtusd uke ij bZ uydwi HksyfuA
ufg r¡ ns[kys vfNA dksuk xkfM+ fyFkfr ckSvkHkkb vk dh dfjrfFk eqf[k;kthA bZ d*y ddjks
ykxy fFkosQd\ vyxs NfFk fd us\¸
lqHknzk vkc ,d ckfj Hk* jgfy NfyA yksd FkgkFkgh nsc* ykxyA d*y [kkyh NySdA
fdudks gkFkes ?kSy jgfuA D;ks ikfu Hkfjd* dusd lquSr NyhgA D;ks viuk dufVB jckd
[kkst es vk;y Nyhg r¡ D;ks uufdjckosQa idfM+ d*y* tk; ysy Bkf<+ NyhgA xkSjhek;d
fpYgdk vkc ufg iQdjSr NyfuA 'kksHkkd Mk¡M+ lks>s jgfuA iafMr eSa;k uorqfj;kd Hkk¡t
ySr NyhgA [ku ,Egj [ku vksEgjA ugq¡&ugq¡ Hkk¡t iqfj nsfFkuA dfudks dksuks vxqrkb ufgA
bZ fFkd yksd\ f[kM+dh&f[kM+dh ij] dksuVk&dksuVk ij yky&ih;j uo dfu;k¡ :eky es
jlHkSr] eqlqdh pksjcSr] eq¡g fcpqdcSr] Bksj iViVcSr vk vk¡f[k eVdcSr iQqnqosQr NyhgA
'kksHkk osQa vkb ykxy Nyfu ts gejks xPNd yx tsa pkfj /j gfjtu jgSr r¡ bZ
uydwi ,Egj ufg vcSrA ts gks] ,fg cs:dk HkksV ,gu osQa HksVckd pkgh ts ,d dkNq vius
[kk; r¡ nkslj dkNq vudks ck¡V;A
vk rk/fj ek/o ckcw tkfx xsy jgfFkA ehuk{kh gqud ek; yx Bkf<+ NyhgA
¶iafMr HkS;k] b lHk iq#"kksa&ik=kd ysgkt ufg us djS NfFkuA d[ku l¡ txys vuBkSus
NfFkuA gs ikfu Hk: vk tkb tkmA¸ µ ehuk{khd 'kCn tsuk lht iQk;j NyA ;q¼ fojkeA
¶pyS pywA gs] jkuh&egjkuh lHkA vktqd dfu;k¡ xksj ykx* nsA¸ iafMr eS;k ?kSy
mBkSyfu vk ikfu Hkj* yxyhgµ ¶gejks bukjs NyA NSosQ tjykgkA t¡ iks[kfj lq[kk xsy]
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 85
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl bukj pVk xsy r¡ us bZ BksgjA iafMrth okjgks oju ysy [kksfy nsyfFku bukjA eqnk] rS;ks bZ
ik¡fr ufg yxySdA mQap&uhp] cM+dk&NksVdk lHk osQgu fpDdu tsdk¡ Hkfj ySr jg;A¸
¶bZ vdky iM+y jgSd eSa;k\¸
¶ufg js ckcwA bZ vdky dfg;ks ufg iM+ySdA cM+dk&NksVdk ,dVkj Hk* xsyA vkc
t¡ bZ HkksVd ijku ck¡py r¡ /uhdks xjhc ,d Hk*d* jgrA thog r dgcd ts dgydA
xke es ufg jgh\ rsaus bZ vcsjA tkm Luku d: x*------ fuR;ÑR;A <ksy <kd ,fguk ctrSA
nlVk cklu jgSr NSd r¡ ,fguk <u&eukbr NSdA vcSr Nh crgk osQa ysusA r* dkfYg
vk;y MdwckA¸
ek/o eSnku fnl xsykg r¡ Hkfj ckV iafMr ddk eksu iM+Sr xsyfFku] iafMr HkS;k lsgks
vkb gqud ppkZ d;us NyfFkuA
iafMr dk\ ekus iafMr eSa;kd ifr-----iafMr tuknZu BkdqjA xked ukdA
bukj&iks[kfjA xkNh&fcjNhA ck¡l&[kM+A tkju&ckluA pyrk lnkorZA dh&dh us
d;yfuA dh&dh us nsyfuA fookg&Jk¼A miu;u&eq.MuA ddj us csj fuekgyfuA ddj us
csj tksxksyfuA thoSr Nykg r¡ t;ckj es lksjgk NyfuA eqbykb r¡ fo/ku lHkk vk yksdlHkk
xjekSus NfFkA
foi{kh xjxjkSus NfFk ¶iafMr*dk -----ia- tuknZu Bkdqjd e`R;q Hkw[k l¡ HksyfuA¸
lÙkk/kfjd lqn`<+ er Nfu&¶ftyk/h'k tk¡p djkSyfu vfNA gqud e`R;q isVd nnZ
vk nLr lsa HksyfuA¸
ch-Mh-vks dgSr NfFk& ¶eqf[k;kthosQa i;kZIr vUu NyfuA vks ddjks v<+kb fdyks
tusj nS losQr NyfFkuA¸
eqf[k;kth dgSr NfFk& ¶e`R;q l¡ ik¡p fnu ifgus ia- tukZnu Bkdqj vk;y NykgA
nqcZy NykgA isV esa flefle nnZ gksbr jgfuA vk¡f[kes pUgjk yxyfuA vk dksuks jksxl¡ ihfM+r
NykgA vks viu mikld ckr dgyfuA eqnk] bZ ufg dfyfu ts vks vUu fcuq efj t;rkgA¸
eftLVªsV dgSr NfFk& ^iafMrkbu dgSr NfFk ts iafMrth nl lk¡> lsa vUukgkj ufg
d;us Nykg] isV es tqusB ifM+ xsy jgfuA vks Hkxoku osQa xsUgkjhd lkx Hkksx yxkcfFk vk
nqgw izk.kh izlkn ikcfFkA gqud iwtkd ?kj es ,d lsj rslj lkyd vkjc pkmj ikvksy xsy]
,dkV yksVk] ,dVk rked v?kkZ] rkesd iapik=k vk NksV&Nhu ihrfjd flagklu NyfuA
pkuu NyfuA pujksVk jgfuA ,[ku rked eksy NSd] ihrfjd nke NSdA lq[kk;y iks[kfj
NfuA eksgkj ij dyeckx NfuA tdjk ,rsd lEifÙk jgrSd ls Hkw[ks ufg efj losQNA¸
vk lk¡ps dkuwu ddjks Hkw[ksa ufg ej*nsrA iafMrdk yky&dkMZd vf/dkjh ufg
NykgA iafMrkbu dgyfFkuµ ¶yksVk csfp fy;A¸
vks dgfFkuµ ¶Luku dksu ik=kl¡ djc\ Hkxokud ty dFkhes Hkjc\¸
iafMrkbu dgyfFku& ¶iapik=k csfp fy;A¸ iafMJrth dgyfFku& ¶Hkxokud ik=k
ge dksuk csfp vkuw\¸ iafMrkbu dgyfFku& ¶,fg pkmjosQa jkfUg Hkksx yxk fn;uqA¸
lqdqj fFkd ts dksuks ÑikdjosQa fgud VqVykgk ?kjd lM+y [k<+&ikÙk fnl ?kqfj rkdd
lkgl ufg HksyfuA
86 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vk nkslj ts iafMrdk dksuks vikfgt ufg NykgA nsgs&lekaxs [ky ufgA iafMrkbu eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
LoLFk NyfFku& esgufr] etwjh] iSap&m/kj] dtkZ&enfr] cwfy&Vgfy d*d* losQr NyhgA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
rslj ts iafMrdk dksuks fuiq=kh Nykg\ csVk Nfu----pdV~Bs lu tqvkuA twV fey esa ukSdjh
djS NfuA tky&tFkk cksg;yfu r¡ vksgks cksfg;kxsyfuA fyyqvk (caxky) es jgsr Nfu vk
,dVk gfFkuh osQa fluqjk nsus NfuA xke dFkh ysy vkSrkgA fy[kus Nyfu ts vksr ik¡p
#iS;k es fdyks Hkfj pkmj HksVS NSA cpark ufgA xkNh /fj jg; nsc ts vgk¡ nquw izk.kh ysy
txg&tkjfu ufg ekax, iM+;A
vk ls d;yfu iafMrdkA tXxg&tkjfu lqjf{kr j[kyfuA iks[kfj es ikfu ufg jgSdA
dksl&Ms<+ dksl ij /kjl¡ ikfu vuky xsy r[ku eqnksZ ugkvksy xsyA
vk la;ksx ns[kw ts ,gus es lkgqthd nw cksjk xgwe fcysd es dksuk idM+k xsyA lg
r¡ jgSd oh-Mh-vks- vk eqf[k;k nqgwdA eqnk] gYyk&iQlknd ftEek r¡ ufg ysrfu D;ks\ vius
prqjkb dkt nsrfu usA ls lkSals xked fopkj l¡ fefy xsyfuA lkgqthosQa n.M Hksyfu ts ,d
lk¡>d Hkstud {kpZ elksekr osQa nsFkqu vk elksekr dgFkqu ts iafMrthd e`R;q jn~n&nLr l¡
HksyfuA lk¡iks ej; vk ykfB;ks ufg VqV;A
vk lSg HksyA uke ,d /fj Hk* xsyA xked ,rsd yksdd vNSr iafMrdk Hkw[ks
eqbykg ls dh xked vHkkj ufg Fkhd\ iafMrthd eqbyksd ckn r¡ xkeosQa bZ Kku HksySdA
yksd ek/c ckcw osQa tfguk ekuSr Nyfu rfguk [kc[kck xsyfuA dkfcy ek[kfFk rhu BkeA
vk ek/o lksp* ykxyµ ¶BhosQa rsaA ,dVk iafMrsth r¡ isV es tqUuk yxk d* ufg
eqbykgA uUgdk nqlk/] ngkmj eksfeu] vUgjh equjh] [ksnw rrek] cqfp;k yksgkj] ijeslj /
ksch] ikalw lnk;] cq/uk eqlgj] Hkjks iafMr] eksgu felj] fcjtw Bkdqj] osQ osQ us dgfjd*
efj xsykgA¸
osQ [kkst d;ydfu\ dh HksySd\
¶xked [ksr t[ku xked ufg jfgrSd] nksgVckj ekfyd tr* eqf[k;k gksbrSd] cksfu
ufg yfxrSd] lokb ufg HksfVrSd] rr* dh ufg gksbrSd\ ljdkj yky dkMZ ufg nsrSdA
eqnk ----A¸
vks vk¡f[k mBkSyd r¡ xked ckgj NyA xked iwc bZ xkasbjk ekfyosQd fFkd&
eq[kthdA dkr&djksVes] nksx&nkxes ts Bke&fBe ijrh vfN ls jS;fr Hkwfe HksyA ,fgBke
eqf[k;kthd Ms<+ l; ch?kk tehu NfuA vktqd ufg----cki&nknkd ver l¡] [kfr;kuhA
gfj;j&gfj;j xkNA cksdj edbA cksfjax l¡ ikfu >gjSrA ¶bZg ,uk t¡ pk: ck/ ygygk
tkb r¡ dr* jgr vdky\ osQ iwNr vesfjdkd xsgw¡e\ dFkh ysy Hkh[k ekaxc xs fons'kesA
nrfuiqjhA nrf[kLVhA¸ vks lkspSr xsyA
vk fnlk&taxy l¡ ?kqjy r¡ eqf[k;kth HksaV HksyfFkuA edb rksM+ck jgy NykgA ¶ns[kw
gej [ksrhA deBSuhes xked etwj osQa cksfu yxySdA vkc dVuh es cksfu ykxy NSdA fopkj
vfN ts ,fg csj iNokfj ck/ es nw Vk cksfjax yxok fn;SdA vkc ns'k xjhc ufg jgrA
fdlku esgufr dj; r¡ dksu deh NSdA¸
¶eqnk] eqf[k;kth] bZ jS;r lHkd [ksr&ijrh NSd ls\¸
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 87
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl lSg dgy usA [ksrh vkc yxrk fFkosQA nfNuckjh ok/d fy;*A yksd lgdkfjrk l¡
Í.k ysyd vk iqQPpl¡ xM+ok ysydA vkc vksdjk us fctyh HksVsr NSd vk us ikfuA [ksr
r¡ cU/d NfuA Í.k nsrSu osQ\ cSadd lwfn c<+ys tkbr NfuA vk fdLr ysy Nky NksM+kSus
NfuA izksxzsflo fdlku lqlosQ ufg gksbr NSdA cq>y\ tdjs cujh lSg upkcsA¸
vk ek/o osQa yxySd tsuk dku es chN dkfV ysus gksbdA Mk¡l dVykd ckn tsuk
eky&tky iM+kbr vfN] ek/oks rfguk fo.M NksM+k d* Msx >kM+ydA eqf[k;kth cfugkj
fnl ?kqfj xsykgA ¶lSg iqNgquA nsfFku dky\ NSu ik¡pks fcxgk\¸
njoktk ij v;ykg r¡ nl ckft xsy jgSdA frD[k jkSn& tuekjkA drgq dksuks
xkN&fcfjN gfj;kj ufgA dpukjd ikr ih;j Hk* xsy jgSd vk [klckd miØe es clkrd
ckV rosQr jgSdA pekj lHk e*j m?kSr jg;A md&nw&rhuA xk;&ckNk&cM+nA pkjk vk pjhd
vHkko es i'kq&/u LokgkA ekyks&tky mifV d* jgrA
¶ys] rksjs lHkd r¡ pyrh NkSdA ,[ku ts pked nke mBy NSd ls vdky fuekfg
nsrSdA vdky rksjs yksdfuosQ /kjydkSdA¸
¶vkm us] ekfydA lk>h Hk* us tkmA dus dkUg yxk fn;kSdA¸ µiNjSr cqpck
eqldqjkbrs xsy vk xqEes d* nsyd ek/o osQA vijrho Hk* xsy ek/oA
ehuk{kh lqfurs NyhgA cgj;yhgµ¶xqEe d* nsyd usA dgSr Nh ts ,djkyksdfu l¡
eq¡g ufg yxkmA laxfr NksM+ ,djk lHkdA lsufg ekuo r¡ rdj iQy cq>wA¸
iafMr eSa;k dgSr NfFk ts nwfj&ns[kkfj d*d* NksfM+ dh nsfy;kfu iafMrdk osQaA
eqf[k;kth l¡ c¡fgjksfi d* ysygq¡ vfNA dgk¡nu ,dVk vkneh xokgh ufg nsfy;fuA vksEgj
ch-Mh-vks- yksgNysA NfFkA lfpo&iRuh dgSr Nyhg ts csj ufg fcrySd vfNA eqf[k;sthd
gkFk es NfuA tkfg xkN ij oSlh rdjs ufg dkVhA
vks fdNq vkjks dg* pkgSr NyhgA rk* fon~;k pkg yd* igq¡fp xsyhgA ehuk{kh ckr
Nhfi ysyfu& ¶fy;A pkg ihfc fy;* vk lfpo l¡ HksaV d* vkmA¸
¶ehuk{kh\¸ pkgd ?kksaV lsiSar ek/o ckty& ¶ge lfpo l¡ osQd csj HksaV d*
pqdfy;fuA vks gejk dgyfu ts vkgk¡d eq¡g nsf[krs rkel pf<+ tkbr vfN gejkA¸
¶ch-Mh-vks- lgkuqHkwfr ns[kkSyfu vfNA vks dkfYg /fj ,dVk yky&dkMZ fuxZr d*
nsrkgA eqnk] ge-----¸ vks pqi Hk* xsyA iafMr eSa;k tsuk ;Sg csj rosQr NyhgA
¶cSl jsA xksM+ yxgquA ;Sg Hksy dfUVjckA Hkkmt osQ lsgks xksM+ ykxA¸
¶bZ osQ NfFku eSa;k\¸ ehuk{kh iqNyfuA
¶ns;ksj gks;r ns;ksj bZ gej dfUVjck HksySdA vg¡k lHk fpUgcSd\ lHk fnu ckgjs
jgySdA ljk/ks esa vfcr;A dydÙkkd gok&ikfu ykxy NSdA¸
¶vkcg] txnh'kA oSlgA iafMrdk* d Jk¼ es ufg vk;ykg\¸
¶dksuk vfcrgq¡] HkkbZ th\ ge r¡ tsgy es jghA etwj ;wfu;ud LVªkbd pfy jgy
NySdA gejk dh irk Ny\¸
¶g¡] ls irk ykxyA ek/o dgydA¸
88 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ¶lquygq¡ vfN] HkkbthA vgk¡ iafMrdk ysy cgqr d;fy;fuA gqudk yky&dkMZ ifg eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
HksVyfuA uhosQ HksyA yqYg&ukaxj cyk yky&dkMZ ge Lo;a cVSr NhA ,fg csj xkees fcyfg (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
ysc r[ku xke NksM+oA¸
¶rksgj rkRi;Z yky&Økafr fnl r¡ us Ng\¸
ek/o vdpdk;yA ¶ufg] HkkbthA dFkefi ufgA eqnk] lkekftd Økafr r* vfN,A
,djk vk£Fkd Økafr dfg;kSdA¸
¶txnh'k] fgald Økafr 'kkafr ufg n* losQNA gejk ufg BdgA iqQfl;kcg tqfuA
Hksn&Hkkod csu tqfu ck¡VgA ge ,fg es rksgj lax ufg nscgqA ge vfgalk vks 'kkafrd iqtsxjh
NhA¸
¶Hkkbth] ge Hksn&Hkkod [kkf/ Hkj* pkgSr Nh] ckbl o"kZd Lora=krk vkc ckfl
yxSNA lkekftd dYiuk fnok&Lou luA dYiuk ek=kA vgk¡ vUgj fcgkfm+ osQ jksfd
ldcSd\ NksV&Nhu ?kj fujkin gksbNA cM+dk ?kj osQa fcgkfM+ yxcs djrSdA¸
¶rksgj eryc\¸ nh?kZ fu%'okl ySr ek/o iqNydA
¶jh vkSvk\ bZ dgSr NSd ts eqf[k;kthd edbosQ <sjh yqfV yscSA ljk/ ufg djcA
fdus] tgyes ljdkj VSeij Hkkstu nSr NSdA dus cq>fc;kSdA bZ tgy tk;r r¡ ge ckgj
dksuk jgcSd\¸
¶ek¡] ns'kd /u cSad es tek vfNA fey&ekfyd ce~&ce~ djSr vfNA dksrjd dksrj
Hkwfe ,d O;fDrd lEifRr fFkosQdA r[ku yk[k&yk[k yksd osQa dqgfj&dyfi d* thckd
dh iz;kstu NSd\¸
¶g¡] js ckcwA ls r¡ NSdA eqnk ----A¸
¶eqnk&rqnk fdNq ufg HkkbthA ge nqb fnu l¡ cSly ufg NhA xkeosQa lquxk nsfy,sdA
lqufx jgy NSdA xked /jrh xked gksbd rkfg iz;kl es dusd dkUg fHkM+k fn;kSd vgw¡A¸
¶,[ku tkg txnh'kA gej eksu Bhd ufgA ge dkfYg dfg nscgwA xke es vkfc
yxkcgA¸
ehuk{kh ,[ku /fj pqIi NyhgA vks iafMr eSa;kd fnl rdyfu&¶ckr r¡ bgks dksuks
cstk; ufg dgSr NfFku eSa;kA fdarq] ,fg ysy ,drk pkgh us\¸
¶g¡] g;A dgSr r¡ NSdA eqnk] dksuk gks;rSd\¸
¶gks;rSd eSa;kA eSa;k] gks;cs djrSdA ns[kSr jgFkquA¸
vkb eqf[k;sthd edb ywVy xsyfuA ,dVk etwj [kwu HksyA ikap Vk xksyh l¡ ?kk;yA
l=k gVkosQa iqfyl idfM+ ysyosQdA ?kkbyosQa mBkSus ysus tkbr NSdA ek/o viu nyku ij
cSly Vqdqj&Vqdqj nsf[k jgy vfNA
¶dh ns[kSr Nh\ rek'kk fFkosQd\ xke mtfM+ jgy NSdA ,rsd yksdd vNSr t[ku
ufg thfc jgy Nh r¡ ,dljs thfc ldc\ pyw] ywfV es ufg xsygw¡ r¡ ejge&iV~Vh es lax
n* nsoSdA vFkhZ es dkUg fHkM+k fn;kSdA ge iafMr eSa;kd lax pyygq¡A¸
vk ek/o ckcw Msx >kM+yd tsuk fcgkfM+ es iM+k;y tkb gks ¶gw----gw----gw¸ esA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 89
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&14 flracj 1969osQ¡ fefFkyk&fefgjes Niy bZ dFkk Lora=krkd 22 o"kZd

cknd xke&?kjd ;FkkFkZ fp=k mosQjSr vfN] tr¿ xjhc yksdlHkosQ¡ vdkyhd ekfjl¡]
Hkq[kejhd ekfjl¡ cpko¿ ysy CykWd Lrj ij de nke ij dksVkl¡ pkmj&nkfy] xgw¡e] phuh]
uksu] rsy yseM ysy yky dkMZ nsckd O;oLFkk Hksy Ny vk tdjk ddjkS bZ dkMZ HksfV
tk,r Ny ls Lo;aosQ¡ /U; ekuSr NyA ,fg yky dkMZd vf/dkjh ewy :il¡ vuqlwfpr
tkfr vk tutkfr ifjokjosQ¡ cukvksy xsy Ny laxs eqf[k;kosQ¡ bZ vf/dkj nsy xsy Ny ts
vks tdj fliQkfj'k xjhc yksdd :ies djfFku rfudks yky dkMZ HksV tkbrA eqnk rFkkdfFkr
mPp tkfrosQ¡ ,djkl¡ oafpr jk[ky xsy NyA ,fg dkj.ks ¡ vdky vk vHkkod fLFkfres
drsd yksd e`R;qd HksaV pf<+ jgy Ny eqnk ch-Mh-vks- lfpo vk eqf[k;klHkd lkBxk¡Bl¡
,gu e`R;qosQ¡ LokHkkfod e`R;q lkfcr djckd [ksy lsgks pfy jgy NyA ,gus fLFkfres iafMr
tuknZu BkoqQjd e`R;qd Nn~e jktuhfrd n`'; vfNA ek/o lu xjhc cM~M eqf'dyl¡ yky
dkMZd tqxkj yxk ikcSr vfNA ,egj uDly vkanksyud izlkjl¡ xjhc&vehjd [kk;h c<+y
tk jgy NyA lkear fojks/h usrk yksdfu ,gu okrkoj.k rS;kj d¿ jgy Nyf[ku tkfges
lkekftd la?k"kZ rhoz Hk¿ jgy Ny] iqjudk lkekftd ra=k fNUu&fHkUu Hk¿ jgy NyA
ekDlZd lerkoknh fopkj/kjkd >kSades lHkfdNq fcgkfM+ tdk¡ mfM+ jgy NyA yky dkMZ
izrhd vfN vksfg lkekftd ozQkafrdA
ik=k vk pfj=k&fp=k.k%&vdkyd i`"BHkwfe es vketud ;FkkfLFkfrosQ¡ izLrqr djSr
,fg dFkkes ik=kl¡ fof'k"V vfN vks okrkoj.k tkfges NksV&iS?k] mQap&uhpd chp [khaprku
eukseyku vk ifjfLFkfrd le{k vkReleiZ.kd Hkkouk vkfc xsy vfN iqjudk izfr"Bk vk
cM+Iiues ?kqu ykfx xsy vfN vk cfp xsy vfN ;FkkfLFkfrl¡ le>kSrkA ek/o] tuknZu
BkoqQj] ch-Mh-vks] eS;k] feuk{kh] 'kksHkk vkfn lHkVk ik=k ;FkkfLFkfrd ek¡ly izzfrfuf/Ro djSr
vfNA ckr&fopkj vk O;ogkjl¡ ik=klHkosQ¡ ikBdd le{k Bk<+ djckd ts ps"Vk dFkkdkj
d;us&NfFku ls dFkkdkjd viu ,dVk fof'k"V igpku vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh vk Hkk"kk%&fooj.k o.kZu vk ukV~;rkl¡ dFkkdkj dFkkosQ¡ lw=k&nj&lw=k
vkxw c<+kcS NfFkuA Lora=krkd ,rsd o"kZ cknks xke ?kjes mQ¡p&uhpd chp foHksn vk
Nn~e jktuhfr vksfguk tkjh vfNA eqnk vktqd ikBdosQ 60&70d n'kdl¡ tksfM+ nsckd
iw.kZ {kerkl¡ ;qDr vfN bZ dFkkA Hkk"kk uSl£xd vfNA fefFkykd xke ?kjes vyx&vyx
tkfr;ksd chp ls miHkk"kk;h varj vfN rdjk bZ dFkk cM~M uhd tdk¡ izfrfuf/Ro nSr
vfNA laokn cgq pksVxj vfNA [kkldfjosQ¡ ekDlZoknh fopkj/kjkd lerkoknh fopkj/kjkd
izfr"Bkiu ,fg dFkkd lHkl¡ fof'k"V fcUnq vfNA
mís';%&60&70d n'kdes vdky] vHkko vk okrkoj.kd fo"kkDrrkd fLFkfres
vketud thou&thckd ykylk vk cnySr ;qxes la?k"kZd cknks viu vfLrRoosQ¡ v{kq".k
j[kckd iz;kl dFkkosQ¡ iw.kZr% lektd ;FkkFkZl¡ tksM+Sr vfNA dFkkdkj cM~M uhd tdk¡
'kgjh ikBdosQ¡ xked ,fg vofLFkfrl¡ tksM+ckes liQy Hksy NfFkA
90 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 O;k[;k eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
ufg js ckcwA bZ vdky dfg;ks ufg iM+ySdA cM+dk NksVdk ,dVkj Hk¿ xsyA vkc dkek[;k nsoh
t¡ bZ HkksaVd ijku ck¡py r¡ /fudks xjhc ,d Hk¿osQ¡ jgrA thcg r dgcd ts dgydA
xkees ufg jgh\ rsa us bZ vcsjA tkm Luku d: x*---- fuR; o`QR;A <ksy <kd ,fguk ctrSA
<lVk cklu jgS NSd r¡ ,fguk nueukbr NSdA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr dF;ka'k eSfFkyh dFkk/kjkes ekDlZZoknh fopkj /kjkd leFkZd dFkkdkj
Jh jk/ko`Q".kd dFkk ^yky dkMZ*l¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fgBke iafMr eSa;kd mfDr izLrqr vfNA
lanHkZ%&vdkyd i`"BHkwfees vUu&ikfu&oLrqtkrlHkd vHkko dksu rjgs ¡ xjhc&vehjd
js[kosQ¡ ikfV nSr vfNA dksuk Hkw[k&I;kl tkfr&ik¡frl¡ mij Hk¿ tk,r vfN rdjs ,djk dy
ij ikfu HkjS dky L=khx.kd chpd vkik/kihes ,d nksljkd mez] tkfr vkfnd fygktl¡
mij nw Vksy ikfu Hkj¿ tk; vfN rkfg izlaxes iafMr eSa;kd fopkj m¼`r vfNA
HkkokFkZ%&ththfo"kk loksZifj gks,r vfNA ,dj iM+rky vHkkoes gks,r vfNA vdkyes
yksdd /jd vUus Vk ufg fu?kVy iks[kfj] unh] owQi lHk lq[kk xsyA ,fguk ifjfLFkfres
ljdkjh V~;wcosy iaFkd ik[kfj Hk¿ xsy yksd tkfr&fcjknjh vk Vksy fclfj ikfu lu
vko';d oLrq ysy tqfe xsy vk vksdjk lHk ysy ;Sg ve`r loksZifj NyA L=khx.k
[ksuk;&ihu; vks ugkcM&/kseM ysy ikfu tqVkfues ykfx xsyhgA vk ,fg vkik/kihes
iS?k&NksV] mQ¡p&uhpd fygktks fcljk xsyfuA ,gu ifjfLFkfr ijaijkxr lkekftd thouosQ¡
rkj&rkj dfj nSr vfNA rdjs ,fgBke iafMr eSa;kd laoknd ekns izLrqr d;y xsy vfNA
laxs iafMr eSa;kd vk'oLr NfFk ts ,dfnu lektd lHkVk Hksn&Hkko fefV tk,r vk bZ
,dVk izrhdkRed ozQkafr tdk¡ vfNA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&uSl£xd Hkk"kk] lektd cnySr ;FkkFkZd fcEc vk dFkkd ;qxhu
ifjfLFkfrl¡ tksM+c dFkkdkjc dF; 'kSyhd lel¡ 'kDr i{k vfNA ,dj ,d ,dVk laokn
dFkkosQ¡ ek¡ly cuk nSr vfNA dFkkosQ¡ xfrtrk iznku djSr ,djk ,dj vafre Nksj /fj
igq¡pkcSr vfNA ,fg laoknes dFkkd oSg lqjfHk js[kkafdr Hksy vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR; 91
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
3- VqVSr dhyd tk¡r (dFkk) izks- ek;kuan feJ

Jh ek;kuUn feJd voknku

izks-ek;kuUn feJ dkseyizk.k dfod :ies eSfFkyh lkfgR;es vorfjr Hksykg vk viu
prqeqZ[kh izfrHkkd cys ¡ yxys dfork] dFkk] miU;kl] vkykspuk vkfn lHk fo/kes viu
mRo`Q"Vrk iznf'kZr d¿ nsyfuA bZ ,d fnl ijEijkxr NUnes Hkko&iz/ku lqUnj xs; ind jpuk
d;us NfFk r¡ nkslj fnl vk/qfudre 'kSyhes fpUru&iz/ku dforkd ltZu d;us NfFkA
gkL;&O;aX; dFkk lsgks ¡ fgud fy[ky vfN rFkk euksfo'ys"k.kkRed vUr}ZU}d dFkkdkjd
:ies lsgks fgud LFkku 'kh"kZLFk vfNA eSfFkyh dforkd bfrgklosQ¡ bZ viu <axs dkyc¼
d¿ vksdj ukedj.k d;us NfFk rFkk ,d Vk uDlokn&^vfHkO;atukokn*d l`f"V bZ d¿
nsus NfFkA ^vfHkO;atuk* uked mPpdksfV if=kdk lsgks bZ pykSyfu&tdj lEiknd bZ Lo;a
NykgA fgfUn;kses fgud ,d miU;kl izdkf'kr vfNA
fgud eSfFkyh&o`Qfr fuEufyf[kr vfN&HkkÄd yksVk (1959)&gkL; dFkk&laxzg_
vkfxeke vk ikFkj (1960)] pUnzfoUnq (1973)&dFkk&laxzg_ fcgkfM+ ikr ikFkj (1960)&
miU;kl_ fn'kkUrj&dfork&laxzgA ,dj vfrfjDr] fgud ,dVk miU;kl [kks ¡ rk vk fpM+S*
/kjkokgh :is ¡ fefFkyk fefgjes] 1965 es izdkf'kr Hksy vfN] ts iqLrddkj gks;c v|kof/
ck¡dh vfNA
fgud tUe lgjlk ftykd cuSfu;kZ xkees 27 vxLr 1934 osQ¡ HksyA fgUnh vk
eSfFkyhes ,e-,- d;ykd ckn fdNq fnu bZ vkdk'kok.kh iVukd pkSiky foHkkxl¡ lEc¼
NykgA rdj ckn l¡ v|i;ZUrd lgjlk dkyst] lgjlkes eSfFkyh foHkkxd izkè;kid NfFkA
bZ dkseydkUr inkoyhd jpf;rkd :ies eSfFkyhes izos'k d;yfu rFkk fgud fopkj
tsuk&tsuk ifjiDo gksbr xsyfu] rsuk&rsuk bZ viu dforkes eksM+ vuSr xsykg vk vkc r¡
,dne uo 'kSyhd dkO; lsgks jpSr NfFkA fgud ,gus dforkd laxzg ^fn'kkUrj*d ukel¡
izdkf'kr vfNA ,Egj fgud :fp xty&jpuk fnl fo'ks"k cq>uk tkbNA
fgud dforkd f'kYi&'kSyh vk Hkko&cks/es ifjorZu vo'; Hk¿ xsy] fdUrq rkfgl¡
Hkk"kkd dkseyrk] fpÙkosQ¡ vkg~ykfnr djckd fo'ks"krk rFkk laizs"k.kd lgtrk dusdks okf/r
ufg HkSyA
izks- jekukFk >kd 'kCnes ¶uohu miek] uohu fo'ks"k.k] uohu izrhd&;kstuk vFkkZr~
uohu HkkokfHkO;atuk fgud dforkd fo'ks"krk fFkdA¸ mnkgj.kd :ies ^vkLFkk*d fuEu
ik¡rh nz"VO; fFkd&
ckV osQj vleFkZrk vk vHkkod lHk [kkf/osQ¡
ge okeuh ,fg i;jl¡ fu'p; djc x¿ ikj
vlEEkkud dk¡Vl¡
,fg[ku Hkus gks i;j bZ fy?kqjkg
fdUrq euosQj psrukes

92 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ub nsoS ykx¿ vo';s&vkyld vks ch>A eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
ge viu fo'oklosQj ,fg ?kwM+es dkek[;k nsoh
mRlkgosQj lfn[ku yxk;c <ÄA
rfguk] ^rodk ih<+hd fonzksg*es dfod mfDr vfN&
gejk lHk ,[ku viu&viu dczes iM+y Nh
vk rkfd jgy Nh ckV ttZj o`¼d ejckd
vk r[ku dczl¡ cgjk;c
dkSjol¡ ;q¼ djc
tks ¡ dosQ¡ FkoqQpc
fx¼osQ¡ cSyk;c]
eqnk rk gejk lHk viu&viu dczes iM+y NhA
izks- jekukFk >kd vuqlkj fgud dfoRod ewy izo`fÙk vfN xhrdkjsd fgud uohu
dfork ns[kykd cknks gqud er vfN ts ¶,rck gksbrgq vkcgq fgud dfo&O;fDrRo izeq[k
:is ¡ Hkkoqd xhrdkO;dkjsd O;fDrRo fFkd ts gqud uohu dkO;gq eè; 'kCn&foU;kld
e/qjrk ,oa oS;fDrd vuqHkwfrd el`.krkd n`f"V,¡ LiqQV Hk, mBSr vfNA¸ fgud ,fg
izdkjd xhres ^dYiuk] ykfyR; ,oa Hkk"kkd ek/q;Zd ljl ef.kdkapu&la;ksx* vfNA fgud
,fg izdkjd xhres lHkl¡ vf/d fo[;kr Hksy&^uHk vkÄues ioud jFkij dkjh&dkjh
cknfj vk;yA*
,r¿ ^Nfo&xhr*d fdNq ik¡rh nz"VO;&
ifgus frjNy u;u] onuij iqfu iljy eqLdku gs
vk¡pjl¡ >¡ibr Nfo ns[ky] tuq fcuq xkvksy xku gs
ru lkxjes mf/;kbr lu] ;kSou ygfj vikj gs
laxhrd eè;e y;es nqb jkfxfuosQj >adkj gs
:ly e¡gij gkl oqQfVy lu] cnfjd >yey pku gs
MkW- Jh'kd 'kCnes ¶fgud xhrd fo"; vfN eq[;r% ukjhizse vks ukjh lkSUn;ZA fgud
iz;ksxoknh jpuk drgq vLi"V ufg gksbr vfNA iz;ksxoknosQ¡ LoLFk fn'kkfunZs'k djckes fgud
;ksxnku rs ¡ cgqr egRoiw.kZ vfNA¸
^HkkÄd yksVk* fgud izkjfEHkd dFkklaxzg fFkd tkfges cM+ lgt <axs gkL;&O;aX;d
dFkk dgy xsy vfNA ,dj foijhr ^vkfx] ekse vk ikFkj* fgud izkS<+ dFkkdkjd ifjiDo
o`Qfr fFkd tkfges ekuo&eud lw{e rUrqosQ¡ mn~?kkfVr fo'ysf"kr d;y xsy vfNA ,gu vkB
Vk dFkk ,fg laxzges ladfyr vfNA ,fg vkB xksVesl¡ vfUre nw dFkk&:fi;k vk lqjck&es
euksfo'ys"k.kd vks lw{erkd vHkko vfN ts vksfgl¡ ifgud Ncks Vk dFkkes HksVSr vfNA
ys[kdd bZ nwuw vkjfEHkd dFkk fFkdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 93
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ek;kuUnd dFkkd fo'ks"krkij izdk'k nSr Mk- jkenso >k vksdj Hkwfedkes fy[kSr
NfFk&¶f'kYi] oLrq&foU;kl] ik=k&fuekZ.k] pfj=k&fo'ys"k.k] lgkuqHkwfr vks laosnukd mn~osx
ltx&vltx nqgw ikBdosQ¡ larks"k nsokes iw.kZ leFkZ vfNA¸
pUnzfcUnq&^pUnzfcUnq* fgud rslj dFkk&laxzg fFkdA 'kh"kZd&dFkk ^pUnzfcUnq* lesr
foosP; laxzges rsjg xksV d/k vfNA fdNq eq[; dFkkd 'kh"kZd fFkd&dkyjsr] xkM+hd
ifg;k] milxZ] mÙkj pkfjr] pUnzfcUnq vkfnA
fgud dFkk [kwc lkiQ&lwFkjk fpDdu&pquequ ckVij vkxk¡ c<+Sr vfN] ekuod
lqdksey laosnu'khy rUrqosQ¡ e`nqy Li'kZ djSr pySr vfN] euq";d ân;es /;y x|d
fge[k.MosQ¡ i|&:ies if/ycSr lljSr vfNA fgud dFkk eq[;r% eè;oxZd dFkk dgSr
vfN] vksdj la?k"kZd dFkk dgSr vfNA la?k"kZsd Vk ufg] vksdj viuRod dFkk] vksdj
usg&Nksgd dFkk] vksdj gkl&vJq d dFkk lsgks dgSr vfNA ih<+hd vUrjosQ¡ fgud dFkk
fujUrj xfr'khy jgSr vfN&cká txres lsgks] vUrtZxres lsgksA tfguk fgud ik=k vkafxd
ps"Vkl¡ oká xfreku jfgrs vfNA fgud ik=k Hkufg [kwc i<+y&fy[ky ufg gks] Hkufg xEHkhj
leL;kd d¡Vkg cs<+es vks>jk;y ufg gks] Hkufg txrd O;kid pkdfpD;l¡ lqifjfpr
ufg gks] Hkufg thouosQ¡ efFk nsc¿cyk eFkuhes ekFk ufg nsus gks] eqnk fu'ps"V drgql¡ ufg
vfN] HkksFk cqf¼d drgql¡ ufg vfN] vdcdk d¿ jfg tk;oyk drgql¡ ufg vfNA fgud
ik=klHk rst vfN] rs ¡ rst cqf¼osQ¡ uhd tdk¡ f>d>ksM+Sr vfNA
^pUnzfoUnq* 'kh"kZd dFkkes vij izkbejhd fjVk;MZ gsMif.Mr y{ehdkUr >k csjkcsjh
viu nquw iq=k yx tkbr NfFk& ekl&nw ekl jgckd ysy] eqnk fVfd drgq ufg icSr
NfFkA NksV&iq=k x;kes eftLVªsV] tsB iq=k iVuk dkystd izksisQljA nquw iq=k vkKkdkjhA
fir`HkDrA firkd lq[k&vlkSd;Z lgck ys* rS;kjA rfguk nquw iqrgq lsgksA eqnk] vks us xkseses]
us iVuses fVdh icSr NfFkA ifjokjd lHkl¡ iz/ku] lHkl¡ egRoiw.kZ] lqes: lnL; jfgrks vks
ifjokfjd vax Hk¿d¿ ufg jfg loSQr NfFkA pUnzfoUnq tsuk v{kjl¡ mQij] vksdj js[kkl¡
lsgks mQij] VsVj tdk¡ jgSr vfN] mQij jfg osQoy 'kCnosQ¡] vksfg v{kjosQ¡ vkuqukfld cuk
nSr vfN&rrcs /fj vksfg 'kCn&[k.Ml¡ vksdj laca/ jgSr NSd] vkj fdNq ufgA v{kjd vks
vax ufg cfu loSQr vfNA lSg fLFkfr ekLVj lkgscd Hk¿ tkbr NfuA
tsujs'ku xSiosQ¡] firk&iq=kd lEcU/osQ¡] nw ih<+hd fopkj&/kjkes vUrjosQ¡ nquwosQ¡
,d&nksljd lq[k&lqfo/k ysy viu lq[k&lqfo/kosQ¡ fo'okliwoZd frykatfy nsckd HkkoosQ¡]
,d&nksljd lq[k&lqfo/kd ysy ,d nksljosQ¡ fdNq djckd gkfnZd bPNk] vkrqjrk]
fodyrkosQ¡] eqnk rkfges yxkrkj gksbr tkbr foiQyrkosQ¡] nquw ih<+hd oqQ.BkosQ¡] lkeatL;d
vHkkoosQ¡ ^pUnzfoUnq* dFkk cM+ ekfeZdrkd lax mtkxj djSr vfNA
,fguk yxHkx rsjgks dFkkes dksuks&us&dksuks ik=k pUnzfoUnq cfu vcSr vfN&vks us
viu ifjokj&lewgd v{kj gksbr vfN] us ek=kk lSgA vks r¡ ek=k pUnzfoUnq tdk¡ jgSr vfN
tdj dkt ifjokjosQ¡ cl vkuqukfld Vk cuk;c jgSr NSdA eqnk] vks R;kT; fdUugq ufg
vfN] gs; dFkkefi ufg vfNA thoues lk¡l tdk¡ vfuok;Z vfNA
eSfFkyh vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr dFkklaxzgd ys[kd&ifjp;es fgud dFkkd izlax
ts dgy xsy vfN ls rF;iw.kZ vfN ¶Jh ek;kuUn feJ osQ js'keh Hkkoukd ys[kd dgy
tkbr Nfu&fpDdu] NgNg] dksey] usuq tdk¡A eqnk ek=k js'keh dFkkdkjd ysoqyes fgud
94 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
dFkkdkjosQ¡ iw.kZr% lesVy ufg tk loSQr vfNA euksoSKkfud fo'ys"k.k] ÝyS'kcSd vkfn eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
f'kYixr vk/qfud iz;ksx] uo ewY;d LFkkiukd lax&lax x|es Nand y;] xfr fgud (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
dFkkd vIiu fo'ks"krk NfuA eè; oxZd usg&izse] vksdj VqVSr lkekftd e;kZnk] vfHktkR;
rFkk la?k"kZ'khy viLik¡r ;houd fofo/ i{kosQ¡ bZ viu dFkkd fo"k; cukSyfu vfNA
^fcgkfM+ ikr ikFkj* rFkk ^[kksark vk fpM+S*&bZ nw xksV fgud vkSiU;kfld o`Qfr fFkdfuA
^fcgkfM+ ikr ikFkj* O;fDrijd miU;kl fFkdA vuesy fookgd leL;kosQ¡ eq[;
:il¡ ,fges ysy xsy vfNA Mk- vejs'k ikBdd 'kCnes ,djk ¶dFkkudes LokHkkfodrk
NSdA ekuo&thoud }U}d fp=k.k }kjk dFkkudosQ¡ LokHkkfodrkd lR;kuq:i cukvksy
xsy vfNA ,fg miU;kld ewy dFkk fFkd frjcsuhd foo'krkd fp=k vaafdr djcA o`¼
fookgd dkj.ks ¡ mifLFkr Hksy ifjfLFkfrd foHkhf"kdkd fp=k.k LokHkkfod :is ¡ d;y xsy
vfNA ?kVukd ckgqY;d vis{kk pkfjf=kd }U}d fp=k.kd dkj.ks ¡ ,fg miU;kld dFkkud
vkd"kZ.k Hksy vfNA¸
^[kks ¡ rk vk fpM+S*es xked cnySr ifjos'kd LokHkkfod fp=k [khpy xsy vfNA
eè;eoxhZ; O;fDrRo chp LokFkZ ysy la?k"kZosQ ns[kkvksy xsy vfNA ,djk vfrfjDr ,fges
fuEuoxhZ; ;qorksd dksey vks mnkÙk i{kd cM+ dykRed o.kZu ys[kd d;us NfFkA MkW-
Jh'kd 'kCnes ¶ek;kUkUnthd jpukes lektd oká vks vUr% nqgw i{kd cM+ euksjl ;FkkFkZ
fp=k vafdr vfN] tkfges Hkkoqd dfod lgkuqHkwfr vn~Hkqr dfoRod lapkj d;us vfNA¸
[kksrk vk fpM+Sd izlax Mk- t;dkUr feJd er vfN&"It is more successful
in depicting this violencc of passion in the life of a heroine of the lower class,
whose husband is important. The *derness of her husband's affection, however,
touches her so * she rises to great and indeed tragic heights."

VqVSr dhyd tk¡r (dFkk)

vfUre ?kaVh ctckes ik¡p&lkr feuVd nsjh NySd] jkfxuh rerek;y vkÑfr;sa
cykll¡ cgjk;fy vk LVkiQ&:ed Vscqy ij fdrkc iVfd dqlhZij yí n* cSfl jgfyA
LVkiQ&:ees vkj D;ks ufg NyA nkb;ks ufgA mQij rdyd] ia[kk canA eksu vkjks ?kksj Hk*
mBySdA Lohp /fj t;ckd ,d jÙkh bPNk ufg HksySdA
ilZl¡ #eky cgkj d;yd vk eq¡gij cqucquk vk;y ?kkHkosQa iksfN ysydA dkud
vkxw es ?kkees lVy osQ'kd ,dVk NksV&Nhu yVosQ cM+ fojDr Hkkosa ;Fkk&LFkku d;yd
vk tksjl¡ lksj ikM+yosQd--------¶nk&bZ&bZ&bZA¸
,d fufe"kd i'pkr~ gM+cM+k;fy lu nkbZ pkSdfB yx izdV Hksfy-----¶dk dgy
gks\¸
¶D;k dgw¡xh] rqEgkjk lj\ dgk¡ xqe gksd tkrh gks\ ia[kk [kksyksA¸
¶[kksy nsr gSa----?kaVh ukgh yxy blhls------A¸
¶rks rqe dkSu iwNusokyh gksrh gks] ?kaVh ugha yxh gS----cM+h nhnh rqEgha gks\ tkvks Hkkxks
lkeus lsA MsfHky bfM;V-----A¸
¶rks blesa gekjk dkSu dlwj----cM+h nhnhth cqyk fyfgu-----A¸
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 95
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ufg tkfu vkjks fdfnu&dgk¡ nu cM+cM+kbr nkbZ LVkiQ :el¡ py xsfyA
nkbd cM+cM+k;c] gkFk pedk;c rFkk dugkosQa ,dVk fo'ks"k <axsa m/dk d* py
tk;cµ jkfxuhosQa cM+ v/ykg yxySd] chHkRlA eksu vkjks [kkSa>k mBySdA nk¡r ihfl d*
jfg xsyA
rk felst [kUuk viu dkud fjaxosQa >Vdk nSr LVkiQ&:ees izos'k d;yfuA ,dVk
fo'ks"k ikstes dqlhZ ij cSfly vk ilZl¡ fldjsV cgkjd* Bksjd dksuij jkf[k lykb gkFkd*
ysys vk 'kq¼ [kM+h xksyhes] tsuk fd vksdj vknfr NSd] cktfy-----¶vkbZ r¡ vgk¡µ biQ ;w
MksUV ekb.M bVµ chp es Dykl NksfM+ d* pfy v;ygq¡A¸
xqyFkqy 'kjhjckyh vk lfn[ku b;fjax osQa >Vdk nsc* ckyh] Bksjd dksul¡ fldjsV
ihc* ckyh vk viu ifr osQa R;kfx d* 'kgjd fofHkUu iq#"k&fe=kl¡ viu jgL;e; lEcU/
jk[k*ckyh felst [kUuk] jkfxuh osQa dfg;ks ufg lksg;ySd] ,dks {k.k ysy ufgA ufg tkfu
fd,d] vksdjk nsf[krs eksu for`".kkl¡ Hkfj tkbr NSdA cktfy------¶chps es\ osQ dgyd--
-----\¸
felst [kUuk chps es ckft mBfyµ¶dgr osQ\ lsfd gejk gkFk esa ?kM+h ufg vfN\¸
jkfxuh felst [kUukd ,gu O;aX; osQa ufg cq>yd ls ufgA tsa dksuks vku le;
jfgrSd rsa dksuks v?kkrks ufg yfxrSd] Øks/ks ufg mfBrSdA vksdjk viuk ,dVk ?kM+h ufg
NSd ls ckr vksdjk ysy dksuks egÙo ufg j[kSr NSdA i#dk¡ dkihoyk ikb l¡ ?kM+h fduckd
fLFkfr esa vk;fy Nfy] eqnk gBkr~ iVukl¡ vksgh le; es vkfc xsyfFku ifrA ifrd [kkyh
gkFk nsf[k viuk ysy dhuc vko';d ufg cq>uk xsySdA vk larks"kh de ufg HksySdA vk
rdjk ckn l¡ us vksgu fLFkfr mRiUu HksySd vk us voljs HksVySdA
eqnk felst [kUukosQa rsa lk/kj.kks fLFkfres jkfxuh ufg lfg losQr vfNA vk rke es
vkb] t[ku fd Msjk ijd ?kVuk lsa eksu Hkksjsl¡ {kqC/ NSdA rkgw es ,[ku] t[ku fd Dykld
yM+dh lHk ij ?kksj vlarq"V vfN ok nkbd Hkafxeklsa ,uk Hk* d* [kkSa>k;fy vfNA
cktfyµ¶vksg] dgw] ?kM+h vgkad gkFk es ufg jgrSd r¡ ddjk gkFk es jgrSdA eqnk
?kM+h cUgS;sVk vcSr vfN] ns[k* ufg vcSr vfNA¸
¶gkm Vsfjcqy felst feJ ;w vkj------cwf> jgy Nh ts dh ckft jgy Nh\ gejks ?kM+h
ns[k* ufg vcSr vfN\ oaMjiQqyA¸
¶g¡w* ufg ns[k* vcSr vfN------- ge chp ?kaVh es usfg vk;fy Nh] ek=k lkr feuV
iwoZ-----eqnk bZ lHk iwN* ckyh vgk¡ osQ\¸
¶ge osQ\ ge---geA gejk Dykl ysc fMfiQdYV Hk* xsy] vkb okt fMLVCMZ ,.M
vkb Vsy ;w fnlht bUVkyjscqy iQkj ehA¸
¶lquw felst [kUUk] vgk¡ ek=k ch-,- /fj vaxjsth i<+us Nh] eqnk ,e-,- es gej ;Sg
fo"k; NyA vgk¡ osQa ts ¡ fldkbr djckd vfN rsa cM+h nhnhth yx tk losQr NhA¸
rk ?kaVh iM+ySdA jkfxuh mBfy vk rsth lsa LVkiQ :e lsa cgjk xsfyA ekFk cM+h tksj
l¡ nq[kk; yxySdA Øks/ cgqr Hksyk ij jkfxuh osQ ,fguk gksbr NSd lHk fnuA vk vkb Hkksjs
lsa dusd&dusd ekFk nq[kkbr jgySd vfNA
96 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vks cjaMk lsa mrfj ,d fufe"k /fj cld fo"k; es lkspSr jgfyA eqnk cl vkjks nl eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
feuVd ckn vkSrSd vk vksfg ij Dykld yM+dh lHk jgrSd vk vksfg ij jgrSd felst (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
[kUukA
vks iQkVd fnl fonk Hk* xsfyA feLVªsl lHkd ysy fjD'kk l¡ v;ck&t;ck es dksuks
cU/u ufg NySd] eqnk mi;qDr ufg ekuy tkbr NySdA fo'ks"k d* jkfxuhd ysy bZ loZFkk
uohu vkpj.k NySdA gsM feLVªsld ckn tsa Ldwy Hkfj es ddjks /k[k NySd rsa jkfxuh;sdA
vk /k[kd dkj.k NySd jkfxuhd larqyu vk vuq'kkluA vè;;u&xfjek rsa fHkUu oLrq fFkdA
gsM feLVªsl viu vkWfiQl l¡ felst [kUuk vk jkfxuhd mÙkj&izR;qÙkj lquus NfyA cM+
foLe; Hksy NySd jkfxuh ijA fcuq cld ViSr nsf[k vkjks vk'p;Z HksySdA
eqnk vksgw lsa cslh vk'p;Z] HksySd felst [kUuk osQA vks jkfxuhl¡ ,gu vlarqyuud]
,gu dBksjrkd vk loksZifj ,gu vlk/kj.krkd vk'kk ufg j[kSr NfyA vksdjk tsuk fo'okl
ufg Hk* jgy NySd jkfxuhd vktqd :iijA
vk jkfxuh osQa Lo;a viuk ij vk'p;Z Hk* jgy NySdA vkf[kj vksdjk Hk* dh xsySd
vkbZA fd,d vkb vksdjk Hkksjs l¡ jfg&jfg d* ,rsd rkel mfB tkbr NSd\ fd,d ,uk
vks ckr&ckr ij [kkSa>k mBSr vfN\ fd,d vkb vks Hkksjs&Hkksj lqjs[kk osQa >.dkfj ysyosQd\
phuh ufg jgc rsa dksuks rsgu ckr ufg fFkd tkfg ij ,rsd relk;y tk;A vk rkgw es
lqjs[kkd dksu nks"k\ fd,d vksdjk ,gu dBksj ckr dfg nsyosQd\ vk Ldwy vcSr dky
r¡ ckcwth;ks fnl ,uk Hk* d* dfg;ks ufg rosQr Nfy\ gqud jksx rsa gqud vijk/ ufg
fFkdfu\ vkS"k/ ysy ftKklk djc rsa gqud vuf/dkj ps"Vk ufg fFkdfu\ r[ku fd,d
vksdj O;ogkj Hk* xsySd\
vk ,[kus Dykl es ,rsd fd,d relk xsfy\ ufg nsyosQd 'kq¼ mÙkj rsa ufg
nsyosQd\ rel;ckd dksu xIi NySd\ vk ,uk Hk* d* felst [kUuk l¡ yM+ckd dksu
iz;kstu\
dh vksgks r¿ us felst efyd tdk¡ var es crkfg Hk* tk;frA
felst efyd eksu iM+Sr nsjh jkfxuh flgfj tdk¡ mBfyA
pk#dkr rdyd] ek=k ,dVk lkbfdycyk vkfc jgy NySdA vizSy&ebZd rh{.k
jkSn lsa rc/y dkjh >kej Hksy lM+d cM+ foo'k Hkkosa iM+y NyA g"kZ&fo"kkn lsa
jfgr ek;k&eksgl¡ ghuA fLFkrizKA us Vªdd izfr dksuks fojkx vk us jkfxuhd NksV&NksV
dksey&dksey jfDre i;jd izfr dksuks vuqjkxA Hkkoukghu] eqnk deZBA
,gus thou NySd felst efydd] tkfg fnues vks vk;fy NfyA cM+dkVk ifjokj
vk ifrda fuEu eè;oxhZ; fLFkfrA vk rsa lfn[ku py* cyk ikfjokfjd] fo'ks"kd* nkEiR;
thoud dygA eqnk rS;ks vksdjk D;ks vLokHkkfod ufg ns[kSdA [kkyh ,DosQVk vksdj xIi
yksdosQa vlk/kj.k&vLokHkkfod yxSd----- ¶tkurh gksA la;qDr ifjokj izFkk D:k gS\ dq"B
gS dq"B] tks rqjar ekj ugha nsrk] /hjs&/hjs ekjrk gS] xyk&xyk dj rksM+rk gSA¸
vksfg fnu es felst efydd bZ ckr jkfxuh osQ cM+ v/ykg yxSd] vuSfrd]
vokaNuh;A eqnk cslh fnu ufg lqu* iM+ySdA tkfg o"kZ Tokbu d;yd felst efyd osQ
Ldwy lsa gVk nsy xsySd ek=k vf/d g¡lckd dkj.ksaA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 97
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ,d fnu vks Ldwy vkbfy rs ¡ g¡flrs vk LVkiQ&:e es rk/fj g¡lSr jgfy tk/fj
vkaf[k lsa uksj ufg [kfl iM+ySdA uksj iksfNd* cktfy Nfy-----¶tkurh gks] esjs ifr us eq>s
NksM+ fn;k gS] vc rqEgha lc dgks] vBrhl lky dh gksdj Hkyk eSa vBkjg lky dh e`nqyk
ls osQls gksM+ ys ikrh\¸
felst efyd Dyklks es ,fguk galSr NfyA vk uksj cgjk t;ckd ckn e`nqyk&thou&pfjr
mBk ySr NfyA
Dykl lsa bZ fldkbr gsM feLVsªl yx igq¡py NyA gsM feLVªsll¡ lsØsVjh yx] iQsj
th-ch- yxA vk th- ch- da fu.kZ; HksySd fMlfelyA
vk felst efyosQ cyk iksLV ij ?kqjrh lky jkfxuh osQa duiQjes'ku HksVySdA us r¡
vksfguk ufg tkfu drsd fnu /fj VsEiksjsjh jfg tkbfrA fel dYiuk ,UFkksuh tdk¡ ,fg
Ldwy l¡ vkfg Ldwy vks vksfg lsØsVjh yx lsa ,fg lsØVjh yxA
jkfxuh dk¡fi mBfyA felst efyd tkbr&tkbr cM+ Hkkjh midkj d* xsySdA eqnk
eksu es cM+ Hkkjh v'kqHk&'kadk nsus py xsySdA la;qDr ifjokj vk dq"B jksxA eqnk vksdj
ifjokj rs ¡ la;qDr ufg NSdA vk us firk osQa dq"B jksxs NSdA
vk lsgks r¡ vks LosPNs l¡ vfNA ifr r¡ ,gw csj uksdjh NksfM+ d* iVuk py* dgus
NfFkuA vtesj es vk iVuk es drsd nwjh NSdA yxys&ykxy vk;c&tk;c dksuk laHko Hk*
losQN\ vk rkgw es lsØsVfj;sVd DydhZA vk rkgw es lHk ekl xke lsa vkc* cyk fpV~Bh
es vf/d Vkdk iB;ckd vkxzgA xke ij o`¼ ekrk&firk] HkkbZ&cfgu] fiÙkh&fifrvkbuA
vk nkgh&jkSnh tkbr [ksr&iFkkjA vk lkSals dqy ifjokjd dqyf'kjksef.k iVuk lsØsVfj;sVd
ekewyh lu DydZA iVukd [kpZ vk LoHkkod n;kyqA
vkf[kj vksgks drsd fnu /fj n;k d*d* gejk ,r* jg*n* losQr NfFkA oLrqr% gqud
dgc loZFkk lR; vfN ts ge ek=k ddjks iqf=k;sVk vk cfgusVk ufg fN;Sd] ddjks iRuh;ks
fFkfd,sdA vkb /fj gqudk ge drsd&dh ,fg iRuhRod uke ij n* ldfy;fu vfNA vk
Lo;a ge vius drsd dh ikfc ldygq¡ vfN\ dh ;Sg fFkd thou\ ;Sg fFkd thoud
vFkZ\ dh ,gh thoud ysy ,rsd nkSM+&cjgk\ fpUrk O;oLFkk\ jkx&mijkx\
eksu es HksySd ts ,[ku tsa drgq felst efyd HksfVr; r¡ Hkfj ik¡t idfM+ fyfr,sd
vk dfgfr,sdµ vksg] felst efyd] py vkm vgk¡ viu txg ij] jg* fn;* gejk
VsEiksjsjh-------ufg pkgh gejk bZ ijekusUVA ge vkc mQfc xsy NhA
jkfxuh pkSd yx vkfc xsfy NfyA vks ,dVk iS?k lu fulkl ysyd vk yx es
vk;y ,dVk fjD'kk ij cSfl jgfyA cSfl jgfy vk cktfy eh'ku pyksA vk ilZ l¡ :eky
cgkj dj* ykxfyA
eh'ku dgSr nsjh ,rh dkyl¡ fcljy jkfxuhosQa viu Msjk vkaf[kd lks>k¡&es lkdkj
Hk* v;ySdA NksV&NksV rhu dksByhcyk MsjkA Msjkd cgjhcyk dksByhes ydok lsa ekjy
ek=k v¼Z 'kjhj lsa thfor rFkk nEekd rhoz vkØe.k&lsa yM+Sr vafre Hkksx HkksxSr ttZj
o`¼ firk vk fujarj vijk/h Hkkoukl¡ xzLr jg*cyk nwVk Fkkdy vk 'kwU; n`f"VA tsuk vksfg
n`f"V es izpaM fcgkfM+d gkgkdkj vkfcd* cSfl xsy gks] tsuk vksfg n`f"V es ir>M+d dksuks
lka>d lHkVk mnklh mrfj vk;y gks] tsuk {kqC/ leqnzd lEiw.kZ vkØks'k vkSuk jgy gksA
98 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 jkfxuh osQa yxySd] tsuk nnZ lsa ekFkd f'kjk&f'kjk iQkfV t;rSdA nquw rjgRFkh lsa nquw eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
iqViqjh nkfc ysydA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
dfg ufg] drsd fnu /fj bZ Hkkx fy[ky vfNA ,rsd vkS"k/ vk ,rsd la;e vk
,rsd ifjp;kZ vk ,rsd nh?kZ thouA
dksuk vks ckcwth osQa NksfM+ d* iVuk py tk;r\ dksu mik; gks;rfu gqud\ vk
lqjs[kk\ vksgks ddjk ij jgfr\ dh tsB cfgu ek; Hk*d* ufg tUe ySr NSd\ cl] nw
,d o"kZ es ,djks fookg Hk* t;rSd] bZgks js[kk vks vjs[kk tdk¡ ifrd lÄs py tk;rA
r[ku cpykg ckcwth vk geA cl fdNq fnu------ fdNq----iQsj vUgfj;k chfr t;rSd] Hkksj
Hk* t;rSd] Hkksj] iVuk tk;cyk Hkksja
eqnk vkb ^Hkksj&Hkksj* drsd mxz Hk* mBfy NfyA osQgu dBksjA drsd fueeZA------
-----iVuk lsa ifr vk;y NyfFku] vk iVuk t; ysy ifrd lÄs xkM+h idM+ok ysy
Msjk lsa cgjk jgfy NfyA ifr viu cfy"B gkFksa ckafg idM+us NyfFku] lkSals ck¡fg idM+us
NyfFku] rrsd tksj l¡ ts xqnxqnh ykfx jgy NySdA uhd] e/qj-------A fd rk fuUu VwfV
xsySdA lqjs[kk ok¡fg idfM+ d* tksj&tksj l¡ >ekfj jgy NySdA ¶fnfn;kA lk<+s ik¡p ckft
xsyA¸
------¶vk¡;A -------dh\¸
Hkd VqVSr&VqVSr /fj jkfxuh bZ fu.kZ; ufg d* ikfc jgy Nfy ts ,uk Hk* d* ck¡fg
idM+us ifrd gkFk fFkosQd fd lqjs[kkdA ifr----lqjs[kk] ------ifrA ufg] lqjs[kk fFkdA
¶Ldwy r¡ ek£uax fFkd us\ lk<+s ik¡p ckft xsy NSd] dgus jgh ts txk nsckd ysyA¸
lqjs[kk jkfxuhd ,gu vifjfpr n`f"V nsf[k d* dus fofLer Hk* jgfy NfyA
¶vksg txk nsc* dgus jgh-----------eqnk ,uk jfLVd tdk¡-----fN%A¸
lqjs[kk vizfrHk Hk* mBfyA eqnk jkfxuh nhnhd lHk ckrd mÙkj rsa ckcwftvks ufg
nSr NfFku-------vks dksuk n* losQr NfyA ewM+h [klk ysydA Hkksjs&Hkksj mBckd vk mB;ckd
lHkVk mRlkg lekIr Hk* xsySdA
¶nkb v;ySd\¸ jkfxuh oL=k Bhd djSr iqNyosQdA
¶v;ySdA¸ lqjs[kk fdNq Hk;Hkhr gksbr mÙkj nsus NfyA
¶pkg ufg cuySd\¸
¶ufgA¸
¶fd,\¸
¶phuh ufg NyS-----A¸
¶ufg NyS\ eryc\ [kre\ /U; Nh vgk¡ lHkA vgka lHk-----vgk¡ lHk gejk [kk
tk;cA¸
jkfxuh mfB d* cktfy Nfy vk ckft d* cgjk xsy Nfy dksByh lsaA ufg tkfu
fd,d] gBkr~ cgqr rkel mfB xsySdA eksu ?kksj Hk* mBySdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR; 99
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl lqjs[kk eqnk vksfguk Bkf<+;s jgfyA vksfguk fugqjkSus] vksfguk ewM+h [klkSus] vksfguk
/krh fnl rosQrA LrC/] vokd~] {kqC/A vks fLFkfrd xq#rk uhd tdk¡ tkfu jgfy Nfy ts
jkfxuh nhnh nqfu;k¡ dksuks nq[k] dksuks vlqfo/k lfg losQr vfN] lfg ySr vfN eqnk Hkksjd
pkgd vHkko ufg lfg losQr vfNA vly es vijk/ vksdjs fFkosQdA oSg dkfYg;s ufg
nsf[k ldfyA dkfYg;s ufg eÄk ysydA dky rsa vksdjs fFkosQdA HkaMkj vk ckcwth r¡ vksdjs
ftEek es iM+ySd tfg;k l¡ js[kk vks vjs[kk xsy vfNA vkc r* vks cPpk ufg vfN ts
Msx Msx ij {kek HksfV t;rSdA
vk Hkksjs&Hkksj oSg fd de Msjkbfy vfN\ nkb osQa osQryh p<+kc* dfg t[ku vks
pkgd leku vku* HkaMkj xsfy vk phuhd fMCck [kkyh ns[kyosQd rsa /Ddl¡ jfg xsfyA
vkc dksuks mik; ufgA drgq¡ lsa iSap eÄk;c nhnh osQa iflUu ufg] euk d;us NSd] ctkj
cUnsA vk lsgks iSlk rsa nhnh;s lsa ekÄ iM+rSdA Hkksjs Hkksj dksuk eÄrSd\ ---lfjigq¡ nhnh osQa
ge lHk drsd rax djSr fN;Sd----gejs lHkd dkj.k r¡ nhnh viu lklqj ufg tk icSr
vfN----- ifr yx ufg tk losQr vfN----dh vksdjk eksu-----A
¶r¡ ,fg Bke Bkf<+ Hk*d* uksj cgk jgfy Nh\ fd ns[kcfu ckcwth osQa\ ------,fg
ukVdd dksu iz;kstu\¸
jkfxuh iqu% dksByh vk;fy NfyA lqjs[kk pkSafd mBfyA vksdjk cq>y ufg NySd ts
vkaf[k lsa uksj cgjk xsySd vfNA vk¡pj lsa uksj iksNSr dksByh lsa cgjk xsfy NfyA
vk rdjk ckn lsa ,dVk vn~Hkqr mÙkstukd fLFkfr es jkfxuh viu lHkVk dkty
d;us NfyA vks rS;kj Hk*d* dksByh lsa cgjkb;s jgfy Nfy fd lqjs[kk iqu% vk;fy NySdA
¶fd fFkd\¸
¶ckcwth dgFkfyu ts /jrh es nckb-----eksu ikfM+ nsckd ysyA¸
¶eksu vfN gejk -------gejk gjne eksu jgSr vfN] tkm] viu dkt d: x*A¸
jkfxuh vksfguk dBksjrkl¡ mÙkj nsus Nfy vk dksByh lsa ilZ vk fdrkc y*d* cgjk
xsfy NfyA
vks lHk fnu Ldwy tkbr dky ,d fufe"kd ysy ckcwthd dksByhd pkSdfB yx
BeosQr Nfy vk ,d csj fcgq¡fl nSr NfyA fcgq¡fl nSr nfy vk ctSr Nfyµ ¶pys Nh
ckcwthA¸ vk ckcwth lHk fnu cw>y jfgrkS dfg nSr NyfFkuµ¶lcsjs py vk;cA¸
;Sg Øe ifNyk N%&lkr o"kZ lsa vFkkZr~ tfg;k lsa ckcwth ydck lsa lst /* ysyfFku
rfg;k lsa py vkfc jgy NySdA eqnk vkb gBkr~ jkfxuh osQa bZ lHk ek=k vkSipkfjd vk
ukVdh;rk lsa Hkjy cq>ck es v;ySdA vks lks>s fcyk xsfy NfyA
eqnk lh<+h ij vcSr&vcSr ckcwthd Loj idfM+ ysus NySdA
¶jkxks csVh-----A¸
¶dh\¸ vks ?kqjfy Nfy cM+ vfufPNr HkkosaA
¶dkfYg lk¡> esa voljs ufg HksVy ts dfgrkSag¡-----lqjs[kkd ijh{kk osQa r¡ vkc
,DosQ&Ms<+ ekl jfg xsy NS------vksdjk fglkces fdNq fnu V~;w'ku pkfg,sd------gejs dkj.k l¡
vks dfg;ks Ldwy ufg tk ldfy------ufg rsa V~;w'kud vksdjk dksuks iz;kstu-------A¸
100 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vk jkfxuh fcuq dksuks mÙkj nsus] fcuq lHkVk ckr lquufg cf<+ xsy vfNA dh ckcwthd eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
izfr vksdjk ,gu mis{kk&Hkko viu pje lhekij ufg igq¡fp xsy NySd\ dh ckcwth vksdjk (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
l¡ ,gu O;ogkjd vk'kk LoIukses j[kus gks;fFku\ dh lHk\ drsd jkl ckr\
Msjk ij tk d* vks dksuk viu eq¡g iqu% ns[kk losQr vfN\ dksuk vks lqjs[kk fnl
rkfd losQr vfN\ dh lkspus gks;fr vks\ drsd dBksj ckr dfg nsfy;Sd vksdjk vkb--
--,fg lHk lsa rsa uhd vksdjk lHk osQa viu&viu HkkX; ij NksfM+ iVuk py xsy jfgrgq¡
----vkbZ lkSals [khjk [kk* d* isuh rhr------A
jkfxuh viu iqViqjh tksj lsa nkfc ysydA vdLekr~ fdNq eksu iM+ySdA
¶,s fjD'kkA jksdks] tjk us'kuy iQkesZlh pyksA¸
fjD'kk ?kqeySdA
fjD'kk iqu% ?kqeySdA
fjD'kk lsa mrfj d* jkfxuh t[ku lh<+h ij ifgy i;j nsyd rsa djst tsuk /d
n*d* mBySdA ckcwthd mdklh cUn NySd vk osQckM+ fHkM+dkvksy NySdA vk'oklud
lk¡l ysydA
Hkhrj vkfc pk: Hkj rdydA lqjs[kk Hkulk ?kj es NfyA jkfxuh osQa tsuk cgqr lqfo/k
HksfV xsfy gksbd----rfguk vuqHko d;ydA
tYnh viu dksByh vk;fy vk fcuq lkM+h cnyufg vksNkvksu ij ifM+ jgfyA ifM+
jgfy vk vk¡f[k ewfu ysydA ckek ck¡fgl¡ Hkksagq rFkk vk¡f[k >k¡fi ysydA
¶nhnhA¸µlqjs[kk pkSdfB yx vkfc d* ugq,¡ lsa cktfyA
jkfxuh vupksosQ es ck¡fg gVc* ykxfy Nfy eqnk ufg gVkSydA iqNyosQd] ¶nkb
py xsfy\¸
¶g¡A¸
¶ckcwth [k;yfu\¸
¶g¡A¸
¶vgk¡ [k;ygq¡\¸
¶ufgA¸
¶ufg\ ls fd,d\¸
jkfxuh ckafg gVk ysyd vk fofLer Hkkosa lqjs[kk fnl rkfd nsydA
lqjs[kk /jrh fnl rkfd jgfy NfyA vk vkb vks lyokj ufg vksdjs cyk iQsjy iqjku
eqnk lkiQ lkM+h ifgjus NfyA xksj xksy eq¡g] ikNw es Mk¡M+&/fj ikfu pqcSr foiqy osQ'kjkf'kA
lhVy xksy ckafgA
jkfxuh ns[kyd] ,d fufe"k /fj nsf[krs jfg xsfyA lkM+h ifgjus iUnzg o"kZd lqjs[kk
chl o"kZd ykxfc jgfy NfyA lEiw.kZ :il¡ je.khA
¶eksu tsuk dksuks e/qjrk lsa Hkfj xsySdA rFkkfi ,d izdkjd vijk/ Hkkouk lsa ncfy
tdk¡ ugq,¡ lsa fcgq¡fl d* iqNyosQd] ^fd,d ufg [kk ysyks-----gejk rsa nsjh HkS;s tkbr vfNA¸

eSfFkyh lkfgR;101
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ¶ty[kS cgqr d* ysus Nfy;S-------A¸ lqjs[kk vksfguk ewM+h [klkSus cktfyA
¶fd d;fy,sd ty[kS\¸
¶jrqdk jksVh NyS-----A¸
¶iQwflA jkfr[ku jksVh dgk¡ cpy NySd---dh gejk cw>y ufg vfN\ iQwfl;ks ckt*
ykfx xsykSa\¸
¶vly es Hkw[k ufg Ny------A¸
¶iQsj iQwfl---dh Hkw[kks :fl jgSr NSd\ pyw tYnh lsa dk<+ w x*-----A¸ vk jkfxuh
g¡fl nsydA
eqnk ckr&ckr es lfn[ku g¡l*ckyh lqjs[kk rS;ks ufg g¡lh ldfyA py xsfy pqipkiA
jkfxuh [kk d* t[ku viu dksByh fnl tk, ykxfy rsa lqjs[kk fnl rkfd d cktfy
fxykl es dus ikfu ysus vk;c iqu% vksNkvksu ij ifM+ jgfyA
¶nhnh dh djcS ikfu\¸
¶vksr* ilZ es ,dVk dksM+ksisM+hu NS] ykm] dusd ekFk nq[kk jgy vfNA¸
¶ekFk\ d[ku l¡\ dgym¡ us fd,----[kk; lsa ifgus dus nkfc fnrgq¡---- lqvkbr vgk¡
osQa [kk ufg HksyA¸ lqjs[kk fxykl vk xksVh nSr cktfyA
¶vkc drsad [kSrgq¡-----vk nkslj ckr vgw¡ r¡ Hkq[kys jghA c# ,[kus dus nkfc fn;*-
---vkm cSlw---lqrc x*A¸
¶ufg r¡----------A¸
lqjs[kk ekFkd ikNw es LVwy ij cSl* ykxfyA eqnk jkfxuh dusd ?kqlfd xsy vk viu
vkxw es txg ns[kcSr cktfy] ¶,rfg cSlw usA¸
¶Hkysa ikNq, es cSflrgq¡-----A¸
¶u%] ,rfg cSlwA¸
lqjs[kk fldqfM+ d* ytkbr lu cSfl xsfy vk nquw gkFks¡ jkfxuhd dikj ncc* ykxfyA
jkfxuh viu ,dVk gkFk lqjs[kkd dksjk es jkf[k nsydA
¶ckcwth d[ku [ksyfu\¸
¶lk<+s ucs cts djhcA¸
¶fdNq cftrks NyfFku\¸
¶µu-----fg----A¸
¶fdNq\¸
¶fdNq ufgA¸
¶ns[kwA fdNq uqdkm tqfu----vkb gejk ysy cM+ v'kqHk fnu Ny-----ufg dfg] dh Hk*
xsy Ny----ckcwthd cM+ Hkkjh vieku d* nsfy;fu ge vkb] vks] tsa {keks d* nsfFk rFkkfi
ge viuk osQa {kek ufg d* losQr Nh-----vkf[kj es vks dh lkspus gks;rkg\¸
102 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ¶dksuks rsgu ckr rsa ufg HksyS fdNq-----vgk¡d Ldwyd vcsj Hksy tkbr Ny] dh eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
dfjfr,sd\ drs dky /fj Bkf<+ jfgfr;fu-----A¸ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
¶eqnk ge de l¡ de mÙkj r¡ ,Ddks 'kCn n* fnfr;fuA pkSdfB yx lsa gqfYd;ks r¡
ekfj fyfr;fu----A vleFkZ O;fDr cM+ Hkkoqd Hk* tkbr NSd fdus\¸
¶-----eqnk ge dksuks rsgu ckr dgk¡ ns[kfy;fu---osQgu uhd [k;yfFku vfN] [kkyh
[kkbr dky----A¸
¶-----dh [kkbr dky\¸
¶----gejk dgyfu ts vgkaosQa cfgud lqfo/kd è;ku j[kckd pkgh] vks gejs
yksdfud ek=k lqfo/kd ysy ,rsd vlqfo/k mBk jgfy NfFk------A¸
¶r¡ ckcwth lu yksd ,rsd dfg nsyfu] vkc dh dgrkg-----A¸
¶----eqnk] vgk¡ ts cq>S fN,s ls ckr ufga-------gqudk fdNq vkHkkls ek=k Vk Hksyfu] fdNq
Bhd&Bhd cqf> ufg ldyfFkuA¸
¶----- ls dksuk\¸
¶----vgkad tkbrs nsjh ge dfg nky;fu ts vkb nhnh osQa vk/k ?kaVk ysV Hk*
t;rfu rSa cM+ gM+cM+k;fy xsyhg vfNA¸
jkfxuh xàfjr Hk* mBfyA lqjs[kkd nquw gkFk idfM+a d* viu Nkrh ij tksj l¡ nck
ysydA cktfy--- ¶ls vgka fd,d dgfy;fu ----- bZ rsa lR; ufg NySd\¸
lqjs[kk cktfy ufg osQNq] ewM+h [klk ysydA eq¡g ykyHk( xsySdA
¶-----vgkd lyokj dh Hksy\¸
¶----------------¸
¶------ufg vfN\¸
¶-----nquVk ,DosQ osj iQkfV xsySd----tsuk cM+ tkdM+ eky gksb] yxys iQkfV xsy----A¸
¶---rsa vkc drsd fnu pfyr;\ pyw] ijlw gejk lÄsa ctkj---ijlw is HksfV jgy
vfN-----A¸
¶------eqnk---------A¸
¶----------eqnk dh\¸
¶-----------gejk l¡ cslh vko';d nkbosQa NS------vksdj rhu ekld njekgk ckdh NS-----
ge ,fg ekl vgk¡cyk iqjuk uwvk lHkl¡ dkt pyk ysc----gejk Ldwyks es r¡ ufg, t,ckd
jgSr vfN------A¸
jkfxuhosQa ufg jgy xsySdA vk¡f[k McMck v;ySdA lqjs[kkosQa [khfpd] viuk Nkrhl¡
lkfV ysydA vR;Ur eeRoiw.kZ vkÄqjlsa ekFk g¡lksFkSr cktfyA
¶----yxSr vfN] vgk¡ ,[kus cqf<+;k Hk* xsyg¡q vfN----lHkVk Hk* t;rSd----- Hkxorh
NfFku----dkfYgl¡ felst JhokLro ls gks vksrhg] vgkaosQa fglkc i<+k nsrhgA¸
eSfFkyh lkfgR;103
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ¶---u~] u~ ufg dksuks dky NS----gqud V~;w'ku iQh cgqr Nfu---gejk vksfguk dkt pkfy
t;rS-----A¸
¶---ns[kS Nh] vgk ckcwthosQa r¡ lR;osQa feF;k cuk d* dfg nsfy;fu] eqnk vgka Lo;a
vksdjk feF;k ufg cuk ldygq] crkfg ufgru----A¸
jkfxuh cktfy vk nquw gkFksa lqjs[kkd eq¡g idfM+u viu eq¡g ij jkf[k ysydA vk
pwfe ysdosQdA
nquw xksVs vkaf[k equus NfyA nqu xksVs ,d nksljk lsa viu vk¡f[k uqdkc* pkgSr NfyA
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&euksfo'ys"k.kkRed /jkry ij ,fg dFkkes ,dVk f'kf{kdk jkfxuhd eksud

mrkj&p<+ko viu nkaiR; vk uSgjd ftEesokjhd chp ifr vk chekj&ykpkj firkd izfr
viu Lusg J¼k dÙkZO;osQ¡ cq>Sr viuk vkiosQ¡ fdadÙkZO;foew<+ voLFkkes ikcSr vfNA ,dVk
L=kh ysy ,gu fLFkfr cM~M dfBu gks,r vfNA Lora=krkd ckn ns'kes L=khd i<+c&fy[kc
ukSdjh djckd ps"Vk c<+y vk rkfg i`"BHkwfees t[ku ifr&iRuh nwuw vyx&vyx Hk¿
ukSdjhes ykxy jgSr vfN] ,d nksljkl¡ nwj jgSr vfN r[ku eksud oqQaBk cf<+ tk,r vfNA
jkfxuhosQ¡ ,d fnl fo|ky;d Nn~e b";kZ vkj jktuhfr es ?kqVu gks,r Nfu r¿ nkslj fnl
viu chekj ykpkj firk vk oqQekfj cfgu lqjs[kkd ftEesokjh Nfu rslj viu dyoZZQ ifrl¡
nwj jgck ySy foo'k NfFkA bZ fLFkfr yxkrkj gqudk ysy nq#g Hksy tk,r vfN] eqnk vks
tk¡rd dhy VqVykij dgquk lHkrfj lkeatL; cu;ckd ts iz;kl dfj jgy NfFku rkfges
dFkkdkjd dFkkd 'kh"kZd ,dVk LokHkkfod fcEcd dkt djSr vfNA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&dFkkdkjd izR;sd dFkkes ts ik=klHk gks,r vfN vks vkethoul¡
ysy xsy ;FkkFkZZoknh ik=k gks,r vfNA bZ ukf;dk iz/ku dFkk vfN tdj ukf;dk NfFk
f'kf{kdk jkfxuhA tkfg firkosQ¡ larkud :ies ek=k csVh jgSr vfN vk vks viu csVhosQ¡
i<+k&fy[kk ;ksX; cukcSr vfN r[ku gqudj vfNA ,fg dFkkes lsgks vks viu ;Sg jax&<ax
v{kq..k j[kus NfFkuA ;FkkfLFkfrd fp=k.kl¡ ekufld vUr}ZZU} /fj lw=kc¼ fgud dFkk
,dVk ,gu fLFkfres igq¡pSr vfN tr¿ ukf;dk jkfxuh viu dkt vk O;ogkjd izfr
v'oLr Hk¿ viu Bhd le;d izfr{kkes tqfV tk,r vfNA izrhd vk fcEcd ts dksu ,fg
dFkkes vfN lS LokHkkfod ykxSr vfNA Hkk"kk cgq uSl£xd vfN] ik=kkuq:i vfN] ikBdosQ¡
dFkkl¡ tksM+ckes liQy vfNA fooj.k&fo'ys"k.k vk ukV~dh; laoknl¡ dFkk vkxw c<+Sr vfNA
iq=k leku csVhl¡ vk'k cfu tk,r NfuA eqnk lekt es ts fu;e vfN rkfges csVh
C;kg Hksyk ij viu lklqj pfy tk,r vfN vk viu lklqj rFkk nkaiR; thoud ijaijkxr
ftEesokjh osQ¡ lEgkjSr vfNA jkfxuh ls ufg djSr NfFk vks viu ifrl¡ nwj jfg fir`lsok
es ykxy NfFk viu NksV cfgu lqjslkd i<+kbZ vk vku ljsvkees ykxy jgSr vfNA lkfB
lÙkj n'kdd ,gu mnkgj.k uxjh; ifjos'kes ns[kck ysy HksVSr Ny] eqnk vkbZ ,gu mnkgj.k
xzkeh.kks ifjos'k es HksVSr vfN ts drksZ uS&drksZ iq=k&iq=khd foHksn osQ¡ de djSr vfNA
jkfxuhd pfj=k ijaijkxr eSfFkykuh tdk¡ ÝySV ufg vfNA ltx& etcwr vk n`<+ pfj=kokyh
104 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
efgyk NfFk jkfxuhA vku ik=k vk rdj pfj=k lHk dFkkd lw=k vk okrkoj.k osQ¡ tksM+Sr vfNA eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&izks- ek;kuUn feJd dFkkle;s ;FkkFkZoknd izfr fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k dkek[;k nsoh
jgSr NfUgA vks lektd fofHkUu oxZd fp=k.k LokHkkfod :is ¡ d;yfu vfNA ekuo eud
vopsru voLFkkd i`"BHkwfees psru eud izfrfozQ;k fgud dFkkes izHkkoiw.kZ <axl¡ vfHkO;Dr
Hksy
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; ,dVk fuEu&eè;e~ ifjokjes i<+y&fy[ky ukSdjh dj¿ okyh
L=khd vle>lHks vkxwd ih<+h&ysy mnkgj.k NksfM+ tk,r NfFk ts iq=k gks ok iq=kh ifjokjd
izfr ykpkj ek;&ckid izfr lHk larkud dÙkZO; cuSr vfNA ;qx cnfy jgy vfN rks lkspks
cny¿ iM+rA ifjos'kd ;FkkFkZ loZ;qxhu ;FkkFkZ vfNA
O;k[;k

vkf[kj vksgks drsd fnu /fj n;k d¿d¿ gejk ,r¿ jg¿ n¿ loSQr NfFkuA oLrqr%
gqud dgc loZFkk lR; Nfu es ge ek=k ddjks iqf=k;sVk ok cfgusVk ufg fN;Sd] ddjks
iRuh;ks fFkfd,sd vkb /fj gqudk ge drsd dh ,fg iRuhRod uke ij n¿ ldy;fu vfNA
vk Lo;a ge vius drsd dh ikfc ldygq¡ vfN\ dh ;Sg fFkd thou\ ;Sg fFkd thoud
vFkZ\ dh ,gh thoud ysy ,rsd nkSM+ cjgk\ fpUrk&O;oLFkk jkx&mijkx\
O;k[;k%&izLrqr dF;ka'k izks- ek;kuUn feJ jfpr dFkk ^VwVSr dhyd tk¡r*l¡ ysy
xsy vfNA ,fges ukf;dk jkfxuhd ekufld var}ZU}osQ¡ vfHkO;Dr djSr Loxr mfDr nsy
xsy vfNA
lanHkZ%&fo|ky;es uhd fnu ufg chryk ij vkozQkar Hk¿ t[ku fjD'kk ij cSly
jkfxuh viu ;FkkfLFkfrd fo"k;es lkspSr vfN r[ku vksdj eksu vkj dygkar Hk¿ tk,r
vfNA vksdjk Hkhrj uk&uk izdkjd Hkko mit¿ ykxSr vfNA ,fgBke rdjs lkspSr Loxr
mfDr vfNA
HkkokFkZ%&jkfxuh ddjks csVh] cfgu vk ddjks iRuh;ks NfFku viu iq=kh vk iS?k
cfgud Hkwfedk fuoZgu djSr vks viu nkaiR;d dÙkZO;l¡ cM~M nwj Hk¿ xsy NfFkuA ifr
iVuk lSfozQVkfV;sVes ,dVk dyoZQ NfFku vk gqudj ij viu fo'kky ifjokjd cks>
Nfu tdjk R;fx vks iRuh yx ufg vkfc loSQr NfFkA nkslj fnl jkfxuh lsgks viu cw<+
ykpkj&chekj firk vk NksV oqQekfj cfgu lqjs[kkd ,dek=k lgk;d NfFkA g¡ vks viu iq=kh
vk cfgud dÙkZO; uhd tdk¡ fuHkk jgy NfFku eqnk ,fg ozQees vks viu nkaiR; thoud
izfr U;k; ufg dfj ikfc jgy NfFk vk ,fg ysy vks Lo;aosQ¡ csc'k cqf> jgy NfFku nwuw
laca/d chp lkeatL; cSlsckd gqudk dksuks ekxZ ufg lqf> jgy NfuA gqudj NViVkgV
iNrko osQ¡ osQ cq>rA oLrqr% euq"; d[kuks&d[kuks ,gu /eZZ ladVes ifM+ tk,r vfN
tdjkes vksdj dksuks c'k ufg jgSr vfNA bPNk jfgr gq¡ vks viu eksu ufg dÙkZO; ufg
ifjfLFkfrd lax Bk<+ Hk¿ tk,r vfNA jkfxuhd lax lSg Hksy NfUgA nkaiR; thoues Lusg]
J¼k&leiZ.kd lax&lax dÙkZO; fuoZgu lsgks fo'ks"k egÙo gks,r vfN] eqnk ,dVk larkud
viu ekrk&firkd izfr dÙkZO;ksa osQ¡ cq>ckd pkghA ekxZ fudyS us fudyS viu ykpkj chekj
eSfFkyh lkfgR;105
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl firkd lsokosQ¡ viu iS?k dÙkZO; cqf> viu eksud Hkkouk vk LoosQ¡ rhykatfy nse¿okyh
jkfxuh fuf'pr :il¡ ,dVk mnkgj.k cuy NfFkA eqnk vkbl¡ 40&50 o"kZ iwoZ ,gu mnkgj.k
HksVc loZFkk dfBu Ny gks,rA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&;FkkFkZZd /jkry ij euksfo'ys"k.kkRed rF;d ,rsd lw{e
fo'ys"k.k dFkkdkjd viu fof'k"V 'kSyh fN;fUgA ,fg mfDrd ewyes gelHk jkfxuh,Vk
ufg d,d ;qxd d,d L=khd iM+rky dfj ySr NhA mijh rges bZ ,dVk NksVNhu rF;
ykxSr vfN eqnk viu ekrk&firkd izfr dÙkZO; cqf> lklqj vk ifrd izfr dÙkZO;osQ¡ nkslj
LFkku nsc vk fuHk;ckd ts fcEc dFkkdkj izLrqr d;us NfFku ls dFkkosQ¡ mPp Lrj ij
Bk<+ djSr vfNA fooj.k&fo'ys"k.k vk ukV~; laoknd chp ukf;dkd ekufld var}ZU}osQ¡
mtkxj dj¿okyk bZ laokn dFkkosQ¡ ek¡ly i`"BHkwfe iznku djSr vfNA

106 eSfFkyh lkfgR;

 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
4- <si (dFkk) izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
Jh izHkkl oqqQekj pkS/jhd voknku

uohu ih<+hd fcf'k"V dFkkdkj vks miU;kldkjyksdfudfues Jh izHkkl oqQekj

pkS/jh vxzx.; NfFkA
1957 bZ-es fgud ifgy dFkk izdkf'kr Hksyfu&^izrh{kk*A rfg;kl¡ bZ /qj>kM+ dFkk fy[k¿
yxykg vk vkc r¡ fgud yxHkx xksVsd l; dFkk izdkf'kr vfN ts lqpfpZr vk iz'kaflr
Hksy vfNA fgud ik¡p xksV miU;kl v|kof/ Niy vfN ts eSfFkyhd miU;kl&lkfgR;es
mYYks[kyh; LFkku j[kSr vfNA ,dj vfrfjDr bZ fdNq jsfM;ks&:id lsgks fy[kus NfFk vk ls
[kwc :fpiwoZd lquy xsy vfNA ^okns&okns tk;rs rRocks/%*&fefFkyk fefgjes ,fg LrEHkd
vUrxZr pkfj vades eSfFkyh dFkkij yxkvksy xsy LVsxus'ku*d vkjksid lizek.k [kIMues
ts bZ roZQ nsus NfFk ls fgud vè;;ud xEHkhjrk vk lekykspukRed {kerkosQ¡ iznf'kZr
djSr vfNA LokUr%lq[kk; dfork lsgks ifgus bZ fy[kSr NykgA fgUnhes izdkf'kr fgud dFkk
iz'kaflr Hksy vfNA
njHkaxk ftykd fi.Mk#N xkees 2 tuojh 1941 osQ¡ fgud tUe Hksy NfuA ,e- ,-
d;ykd ckn bZ fdNq fnu /fj jktuhfr foKkud izkè;kid jgykg rFkk thou chek fuxed
ijh{kkes liQy Hk¿ vksdj ,d xksV ojh; inkf/dkjh Hk¿ xsykgA lEizfr bZ vksgh foHkkxes
mPpinLFk NfFkA
1964 es fgud ,d Vk dFkk&laxzg Niyfu&^uo ?kj mB;] iqjku ?kj [kl;*A
vfHk'kIr] ;qxiq:"k] gejk yx jgc\] uokjEHk] jktk iks[kfjes drsd eNjh&bZ ik¡p xksV
miU;kl izdkf'kr NfuA lek/ku (dFkklaxzg) vk laosQr (dforklaxzg)d lEiknues fgud
lsgks fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgy vfNA ^dFkk&fn'kk* (dFkk&iz/ku ekfld)d liznu] Mk- xaxs'k
xqatud lax d¿] bZ ;'kLoh Hksy NfFkA
^jktk iks[kfjes drsd eNjh* jk¡phd fo|kifr&Lekjd lfefrd ^oSnsgh&iqjLdkj* l¡
lEEkkfur vfNA
fgud dFkkj fo"k;&oLrq eq[;r% xzkeh.k tuthoul¡ la;qDr jgSr vfNA lkekftd
vR;kpkj] ikfjokfjd dVqrk] oxZ&la?k"kZ] lEcU/d VwVu&vkfn fgud dFkkd eq[; fo"k;
fFkd] fdUrq ,dek=k fo"k; ufgA ,fg izdkjd fgud dFkkes ckch] ;q¼&fojke vk firk
fo'ks"k :il¡ mYYks[kuh; vfNA rfguk ns'kd jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfrij vk/kfjr fgud dFkk]
;Fkk <si vks eykgd Vksy vkfn vusd n`f"V,¡ LFkk;h egRod vfNA
fgud dFkkes okrkoj.k ,dne thoUr Hk¿ tkbN&ikVd vkfg okrkoj.kes Lo;aosQ¡
mifLFkr vuqHko djSNA fgud xke&?kjd o.kZu vR;ar LokHkkfod Hksy vfNA Hkk"kkij
ys[kdd foy{k.k vf/dkj vfNA tkfg Lrjd ik=k jgSN] rkfg Lrjd Hkk"kk bZ vksdj eq¡gl¡
iz;ksx djoSr NfFk ts dFkkosQ¡ vf/d izk.kkoku cuk nSNA
eSfFkyh vdkneh&izdkf'kr dFkk&laxzges fgudk fo"k;es ,dne ;FkkFkZ dgu Hksy
vfN&¶xzkeh.k eè;oxhZ; psrukd dFkkdkj Jh izHkkl oqqQekj pkS/jhd dFkkHkwfe foLr`r NfuA
eè;&foÙk ifjokjd lq[k&nq[k] fo?kVu] vkdka{kkosQ¡ fgud dFkk cM+ l'kDr vfHkO;fDr
eSfFkyh lkfgR;107
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl nsyd vfNA xke&?kjd ltho okrkojk.k] ekfV&ikfud xU/ vk dFkk dgckd lgt jkspd
'kSyh fgud dFkkd viu [kkl ifgpku cucSr NfuA lkef;d cks/] ifjos'kd xgu ifjfpr
rFkk f'kYixr iz;ksx fgud fo'ks"krk vfNA VqVSr o`Qf"k;qxhu vk uo vkS|ksfxd laLo`Qfrd chp
ladkafr&dkyes Bk<+ ^firk* dFkkd xke vk firk rsgu ;FkkFkZ fcUnq lHkosQ¡ y¿d¿ cuy
vfN ts bZ lgts ¡ dksuks Hkkjrh; xke vk xkel¡ tqM+y firkd izfrfuf/ fp=k Hk¿d¿ Bk<+
Hk¿ tkbr vfNA f'kYid fof'k"Vrk dFkkd vfrfjDr xq.k NSdA vkfFkZd Lrjij lkeUroknh
lektd Hksy voewY;ud vR;Ur ekfeZd fp=k fgud ^/edh*es HksVSRk vfNA ^chch*es
eè;oxhZ; lektd vkfFkZd VwVud bfrgkl HksVSN r¡ ^vjxuh*es laozQe.kdkyhu thoud }U}
A fgud dFkkes fo"k;&oLrqd trsd fofo/rk HksVSN ls fgudk lldkyhu dFkkdkjl¡ lgts ¡
vyx d¿ nSr vfNA ysfdu osQoy fo"k;&oLrqd fofo/rkd dkj.ks ¡ ufg] vksfg ^fo"k;d
vkR;fUrd ifjp; rFkk fooj.kd la;r :f[k*l¡ fgud dFkkd Lora=k Li"V gksbr vfNA¸
fgud dFkkd dF;d izlax Jh thodkUrd er vfN&¶vkS|ksxhdj.kd dkj.ks ¡
ifjokj ,d Vk dVy }hi ewuy ikSrh Hk¿ xsy vfNA vkc ,fg ikSrhes gM+fcM+jh vk NksVdk
[k×pkgap Hk¿ jgy vfN] rdj fp=k.k izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh d;yfu vfNA¸
Mk- t;dkUr feJ xaxs'k xqatud lax fgudks vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkkd egku LrEHk
ekuyfu vfNA gqud 'kCnes&"Undoubtendly the two writers-Prabhas and Gunjan
are the great pillars of recent Maithili short story which have raised it to very
great heights indeed."
fgud ^vfHk'kIr* vk ^;qxiq:"k* nquw miU;kld izlax Mk- nqxkZukFk >k ^Jh'k*d er
vfN ts ,fg nquw miU;kles ¶orZeku ;qxthoues iljy fn'kkghurk] uSfrd gzkl] vukLFkk]
[kf.Mr fo'okl] fo{kksHk vkfnd fp=k.k ;FkkFkZ 'kSyhes d;y xsy vfNA vr% fgud bZ nquw
;FkkFkZoknh miU;kl fFkd] tkfg eO; dFkkoLrqd lqfu;ksftr fodkl vks ?kVukozQed foU;kl
ufg] euksfo'ys"k.k vks fpUrud iz/kurk vfNA vfHk'kIres nqgw ih<+heè; fufgr vlarqyu&oS"kE;]
lektes iljy Hkz"Vkpkj vks LokFkZ] nw fe=kd chp o`Qf=ke lEca/] ifr&iRuh eè; fufgr
O;fDroknh Hkkoukd dkj.ks ¡ mifLFkr foHksn] dk;kZy;d vuq'kklu&ghurk vks lkfgR;&{ks=kes
O;kIr vkMEcj vkfnd o.kZu d, miU;kldkj orZeku ih<+hd vfHk'kIr&vkRekosQ¡ mn~?kkfVr
djckd iz;kl d;us NfFkA ^;qx&iq:"k*es miU;kldkjd dF; vfN ts ,fg [kf.Mr fo'okl
vks Hkz"Vkpkjd ;qxes viukosQ¡ ts rnuqowQy cuk, ySr NfFk] lSg oLrqr% ;qx&iq:"k fFkdkgA
^;qx&iq:"k*es pEik vks 'kksHkkd izse&izdj.k cM+ e/qj vk vFkZxfHkZr Hksy vfN rFkk jksthd
lUnHkZes pfj=kghurkosQ¡ mnkÙkhdj.k djckes lsgks miU;kldkj liQy Hksykg vfNA¸
gejk yx jgc\&bZ Jh izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jhd rslj miU;kl fFkdA ,fg miU;kld
ukesl¡ èofur Hk¿ TkkbN ts ,fges ,dVk vksgu yksdd O;Fkk&dFkk of.kZr gks;r tdjk
yx D;ks jgSrs ufg gks] fVfd ufg icSr gks vk vks yksdlHkl¡ iqNus fiQjSRk gks&gejk yx
jgc\ okLroes] ,fg miU;kld uk;d iz.ko&ts ekr`fir`ghu] xke ?kjl¡ oafpr] lektd
'kkld&iz'kkld oxZl¡ frjLo`Qr] Vwxj&Vkij&fcyVy cVqd vfN&ekek&ekehd l?ku vkJ;]
fdUrq ?kVy vkJees iyy] ikslk;y] c<+yA Kku&izku gksbrs bZ ,dd ckn ,d] ,fguk
vusdksosQ¡ pkgyd] laxh cuc¿ pkgyd] eqnk lHk nwj HkxSr xsySdA ,d fnl iz.ko t¡ yxu
vk izfrHkkd /uh Ny r¡ nkslj fnl bZ HkkX;d egknfjnz NyA
fefFkyk es fpjifjfpr ,d Vk cky&figkuh vfN lqXxh jkuhd&
108 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 lqXxhjkuh lqXxhjkuh dr¿ tkb Nh\ eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
lk;¡&iwr ekjyd, :ly tkb Nh dkek[;k nsoh
µgejk yx jgc\
:lc vk euk;c] eku vk· &bZ tsgus vfuok;Z vkfne dkyes Ny_ rsgus vifjgk;Z
vkb;ks vfNA izsed ;Sg rUrq ,fg miU;kld lEiw.kZ dFkk&foLrkjosQ¡ ,dlw=krk iznku djSNA
lEiw.kZ miU;kl nw Hkkxes foHkDr vfN&ifgy] :iy tkbr lqXxh jkuh vk nkslj] gejk
yx jgc\ ,fg nksljs Hkkxd ukeij lEiw.Z miU;kld ukedj.k Hksy vfNA
,fg miU;kld dFkkud lcy vfNA uk;dd okY;dkyl¡ izkjEHk Hk¿ d¿ thoud
fofo/ mRFkku&iru ns[kSr vksdj ;qokoLFkk i;ZUr ,dj dFkk foLrkj icSNA eq[; dFkkd
vUxZr drsdks midFkk vfN ts eq[;dFkkd xhres fo'ks"k rhozrk vuSr vfNA
,fg miU;kles vusdks izdkjd pfj=k mHkfM+d¿ vk;y vfN&lkearh lektd izrhd
dYyw pkS/jhd vkradoknh pfj=k] eerke;h ekehd ekRl;Ziw.kZ pfj=k] lekt }kjk nwf"kr d¿
nsy xsy ek;kd ifrr fdUrq mnkÙk pfj=k Lokoyacud iz;kles yViVkbr 'khykd l'kDr
pfj=k] iz.kod deZB] ykSg fdUrq izse&fiikflr nsoksie pfj=k] vferd ;qoksfpr ftKklq vk
vxqrkg pfj=kA
LorU=krkiwoZ gejkyksdfud lkekftd O;OkLFkk osQgu Ny] 'kks"kd&'kksf"krd chp
drsd nwjh NySd] lkeUrh laLdkj drsd nwf"kr NySd] vk ozQe'k% fLFkfres dksuk ifjorZu
vcSr xsySd] LorU=krkd ckn vk vUrr% t;izdk'kd vkUnksyud ckn okrkoj.k dksuk eksM+
y¿ ysyoSQd] vpZukd fof/ oSg jgYkSd eqnk nsork dksuks cnfy xsySd&,fg lHkd thoUr
fp=k ,fg miU;kles vk¡f[kd vkxk¡ ukfp tkbNA
dFkksidFku tr¿ vfN] ,dne ltho vfNA ekek vk usuk&Hkkfxud chp uksd&>ks ¡d]
LowQyes iz.ko&ekyk&'khykd chp ckyksfpr croqQV~Vfu_ ân;Li'khZ laokn] ekeh&iz.kod
chp eeZHksnh dFkksidFku] izks- >k vk iz.kod chp ckSf¼d roZQ&forZd] 'khyk vk xhvk¡d
chp Hksy okn&fookn] ef.kdkd caxyk vk iz.kod eSfFkyhes Hksy fopkjd LokHkkfod
vknku&iznku vkfn ,fg miU;kld jkspdrkd ewy mRl fFkdA
ys[ku&'kSyh ,dj rsgu foy{k. vfN ts ,d csj izkjEHk d;ykij fcuk vUr d;us
jgys ufg tk loSQNA dFkk viuk lax ikBdosQ¡ lHk Bke mRlqdrk iwoZd y¿ pyckes leFkZ
vfNA
izse&izlax] lkekftd nqjoLFkk] jktuhfr gypy] O;fDrxr oqQaBk] lkewfgd vkdks'k
vkfnosQ¡ ,Dds Bke >ydk nsc vk rkgwes drgq vks¡t&xks ¡t ufg gksc¿ nsc miU;kld [kkl
fo'ks"krk fFkdA
,rsd foLr`r tulaoqQyu lektes O;fDr drsd ,dlj Hk¿ tkbN] laca/d ekyk
drsd es ¡ gh lwres xk¡;y jgSN vk dusdks >ekj iM+us vksdj nkuk lHk dksuks fNfM+;k tkbN]
;Sg ns[kk;c izk;% ys[kdd mís'; NfuA
fgud ,fg miU;kld eSfFkyh miU;kl&lkfgR;es mPPk LFkku vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;109
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ^uokjEHk* Lokra=;iwoZ dkyd jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vk lkekftd ifjorZud fn'kkosQ¡
bafxr djSr lekIr gksbr vfNA xzkE; okrkoj.kd ltho fp=k.k] <gSr lkeUrh ifjokjd
pkfjf=kd iru] ukjhd izfr ld#.k n`f"V vk dFkk dgckd foy{k.k f'kYid dkj.ks ¡ izHkkl
oqQekj pkS/jhd miU;kl lHk cgqr yksdfiz; Hksy vfNA uk;dd vfr'k; vkn'kZokfnrk]
?kVukozQed drgq&drgqq ukVdh;rk rFkk iwjd ik=kd vf/drk fgud miU;kles vkykspd
osQ¡ v[kjSr vfNA ^uokjEHk* fgud lHk oSf'k"V~; vk lHk detksjhl¡ ;qDr vfNA ,dj
o.kZu&dkS'ky ,dj yksdfiz;rkosQ¡ j[kus vfNA
^jktk iks[kfjes drsd eNjh*es Mk- ^Jh'k*d 'kCnes ¶orZeku jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud
lUnHkZes vkn'kZoknd ijkt;d dFkk of.kZr vfN] foo`Qfr vks dkeyksyqirkd dFkk] <gSr
lkeUrh izfr"Bkd dFkk ,oa xzkE; lektes xjhod 'kks"k.k ,oa rdj u`a'kl izfrjks/d dFkkA
miU;kldkj ,fg eè; HkkLdj uked ,d ,gu vkn'kZoknh ik=kd vorkj.kk d;y vfN
ts viu vkn'kZ thou&n`f"Vd dkj.ks ¡ ufg r¡ viu ifjokj vks xkE;&lektl¡ vkvksj us
vkb-,-,l- inkf/dkjhd :i es orZeku Hkz"V ljdkjh iz'kklul¡ lkeatL; LFkkfir d¿ icSr
vfNA----Hkkjrh; fp=k.k }kjk ys[kd ,d xksV ,gu foy{k.k efgeke;h ukjhd mnkÙk vks
mTTkoy i{kosQ¡ laosnu'khy /jkryij izfrf"Br djckes leFkZ Hksykg vfN ts ;FkkFkZoknd
?kksj vU/dkjes vykSfdd vkn'kZoknh vkyksd fodh.kZ djSr izrhr gksbr vfNA¸
fefFkykd ijEifjr izpfyr yksdkfDrosQ¡ orZeku lUnHkZd lax tksfM+ d¿ vksfges uohu
v;ZoÙkk iznku djc izHkkld fo'ks"krk fFkdA ,gus dgch ^gejk yx jgc*\ rFkk ^jktk
ih[kjes drsd eNjh*es dFkk&oLrqd vk/kj cuy vfN rFkk bZ fefFkyk vk eSfFkyy lukru
laLdkj vk fo'ks"krkosQ¡ vf[ky Hkkjrh; lUnHkZ iznku djSr vfNA
fu'p;r% izHkkld dFkk vks miU;kl eSfFkyh lkfgR;sfrgkles ,fg ih<+hd fof'k"V
o`Qfrd :i es lekfnzr jgrA
<si (dFkk)

cjdk dk.M Hk, xsySd vksfg jkfrA pjokg <sik iQsfd lwfr jgy vk Hkfj xke ?kksy
gksbZr jgySdA Hkfj xke uksr NySdA Hkksjs&Hkksjs jkes'oj >k lHkd vkÄud eqgFkfj /fj tk
tksjl¡ fpfp;k vk;y Nykgµ yqVu ckcw vbZBkel¡ iqj[kngk fnl uksrA iqj[kngk fnl ekus
iqj[kkgk fnlA vkc L=khx.ks&iq#"k uksr dfg;ks&dfg;ks gksbZr NSdA ik¡p lky] lky ij D;ks
lkgl djSr vfNA us r¡ Hkfj xk¡e iqj[kngk fnlA vk] vkc r¡ Hkfj xkeksd ekus cM+ NksV Hk,
xsy NSdA nq&xksyk vk HkrcjhA Hkfxueku VksyosQa Hkxokuiqj l¡ nqxksyk NfuA viuk dkj.ksa
ufgA lquhy pkS/jhd dkj.ksaA pkS/jh ?kjd Hkfxueku NfFk vks yksdfuA eqnk vks yksdfu ekfu
usus NfFk ts pkS/jh ifjokj ekus lquhy pkS/jhA gqudk nqxksyk r¡ gejgq yksdfu osQa nqxksykA
vksuk Hkfxueku Vksy dgyk ij vksfg Vksyd yksd vkc fcxfM+ tkbZr NfFkuA gejk yksdfu
dFkhd Hkfxueku\ tfudk tehu nsyfFku] clkSyfFku] ls HkfxuekuA ge r¡ rslj ih<+h es
NhA vkc ckgqcysa miktZu djSr NhA thcSr NhA ,fg ckr ij vkc xkees nw er ufg NSdA
miktZu [kkgs trck d;us gksfFk] lap; vksfgl¡ vf/d vcLls NfuA lHk ?kj lq[kh&lEiUuA
,dk/s ?kj VwVy NfFkA lsgks lHkd eq¡g /;us jgSr NfFkA [kkyh lUrw ckcw oksVes Bk<+ Hk,
viu lHkVk xek pqdy NfFkA v£tr d;y /u&tehu fuR; tk jgy NfuA us r¡ lHk
110 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
fdNq&us&fdNq tksM+us tk jgy NfFkA rsa xkees yksd Hkfxueku Vksy ufg dgSr Nfu vkc] eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
dgSr Nfu fcM+yk Vksy] eqnk rkgw ij rkels gksbZr Nfu] O;aX; cq>kbZr NfuA vksuk Hkfxueku (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
Vksyd yksd lHk izfrHkk'kkyhA i<+ok&fy[kckes vkxwA ns[kok&lquck es HkO;µ xksj&ukj] pkfj
gkFk yackA uhd&uhd vksgnkijA eqnk] izo`fÙk l¡ HksfM+;k/lkuA ts lquhy pkS/jh dgfFku] rkgh
es gkFk mBk nsrkgA viu dksuks Lora=k er ufgA bZ ckr ifNyk rhl&pkyhl o"kZ l¡ vkfc
jgy NfuA varj ,rcs Hksyfu vfN ts tk /fj lquhy ckcwd fLFkfr Bhd Nyfu] la>qdk
cSlkj gqud nncTtk ij gksbr NyfuA vkc Hkksj&lka> lquhya pkS/jh Hkfxueku Vksy fnl
tkbZ NfFkA Hkfxueku Vksy ufg] fcM+yk VksyA
lquhy pkS/jh }kjs fcM+yk VksyosQa Hkrojh Hkxokuiqjl¡ vks Hkksyk pkS/jh }kjs iNckfj
VksyosQaA dfg;ks ekfeyk&eksdnek Hksy Nyfu] Hkxokuiqjd pkS/jh l¡A cgqr fnu /fj
pyyfuA vkc us eksdnek Nfu] us Hkxokuiqjd pkS/jh thfor NfFkA eqnk] nq xksyk vksgw
VksyosQa NSdA gdkjks frgkj ufgA
eqnk yqVu ckcw r¡ us iNckfj;s Vksyes NfFk vk us fcM+ys Vksy esA vks r¡ xked chp
es NfFkA vksdjk yksd dgSr NSdµ cM+ VksyA
dfg;ks ,dVk cM+dk cM+d xkN NySd vksfg VksyesA vks xkN dfV xsySd] eqnk uke
NSd&cM+k VksyA ,fg nq xksyk es lcl¡ cslh iQk;nk ,gh Vksyd yksd lHkosQa HksySdA dksuks
volj v;yk ij vius Vksy es fuefg tkbZr vfNA >V dgr& gejk ysy r¡ lHk vR;kT;A
tsgus Hkxokuiqjd pkS/jh] rsgus lquhy pkS/jhA tsgus iNckfj Vksy] rsgus fcM+yk VksyA ddjk
NksM+ w] ddjk jk[kwA ge lHk ufg iM+c ,fg >xaM+kesA viufg Vksy es fuefg yscA
xked vkcknh cM+ de vk xBu cM+ lks>&lk> NySdA ,d ifjokjd rhu iV~Vhnkj]
rsa rhuVk iQjkd&iQjkd iV~Vh vk VksyA ,d iV~Vh dus nwj tk clykg] Hkxokud eafnj
cuckSyfu] rsa HkxokuiqjA pkfj ?kj ekfyd vk cknes fdNq HkfxuekuA csVhosQa fc;kgd ckn
lklqj ufg iBkSyfu] tehu&tFkk n, xkeses clk ysyfuA nkslj iNckfj Vksy nkslj iQjhdd]
xked iNckjh flekuijA gqud Hkfxueku lHk lVys cly NfFkuy] eqnk Vksyd uke iQjkd
Nfu HkhM+ ijA dusd mQ¡p ij cly NfFku] iks[kfM+d HkhM+ ijA iks[kfj dgc Bhd ufg
gks;r] tkfB;ks ufg NSd] r¡ yksd dgSr NSd& cqf<+;kcyk McjkA vk] rslj Vksy lquhy pkS/jh
cyk] vly pkS/jkuk] iqjuk Mhg] xkaed chp esA eqnk] Hkfxueku Vksy dus gfV d, xked
mÙkjh fleku ij vkB&nl ?kjA ifgus Hkfxueku Vksy] vkc yksd dgSr Nsd fcM+yk VksyA
,fg rhuw VksyosQa pkS/jkuk iNckfj Vksy vk Hkxokuiqjµ yksd lok ik¡p vkuk dgSr
NSdµ iQjkd&iQjkdA rhuw feyk d, ikSus lksyg vkukA xked vkcknhd ikSus lksyg vkukA
cfp xsy ,d ikbZµ iqjudk] rkfg es cM+ Vksy] rdj fNdkj xked nf{k.kes ihij VksyA iqjuk
tehUnkjhd eustj vk [kj[kkg vkfnd ifjokjA ihijd xkN vkn;ks NSdµ csl >eVxjA
nl&chl ?kjd VksyA vk cM+ Vksy es vkB&nl ?kjA ,dj vfrfjDr ,dVk /uqdksVyh NSd&
bZ lHk ifgus M~;ks<+h es [kcklh djSr Ny] vkc dydÙkk&flyhxqM+h jgSr vfNA ,dk/ xkees
idM+k xsy r¡ [kcklh d;ydA fcM+yk Vksyd mÙkj es [krcs VksyhA dgkM+ lHkd VksyA
ifgus bZ lHk ikydh mBcSr Ny vk tu&cksfugkjd dky djSr NyA vkc r¡ us ikydh
jgySd] us [kM+[kfM+;kA ucdh dfu;k¡ LVs'kul¡ i;js py vcSr vfN] eqnk [krcs VKsyhes
yksd HksVc eksfLdyA vk/k yksd nw/es ikuh fey njHkaxk tk csfp vcSr vk ckadh jkfr es
eSfFkyh lkfgR;111
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl pksfj djSr vfNA iNckfj Vksyd if'pe&nf{k.kes lsgks ,dVk Vksy NSd] eq[; xkelsa xkgj&
nqlk/ lHkdA bZ lHk ifgus M~;ks<+hd cÙkZu&cklu etSr Ny vk eghl pjcSr NyA vkc
njHkaxk es fjDlk pycSr vfN vk flyhxqM+h es baftul¡ [klkvksy pksjkvksy dksbyk cspSr
vfNA eysfj;kes bZ Vksy ,dne iruk xsy jgSdA nwj&pkfj;s Vk cfp xsySd& jksfx;kgk lHkA
r[ku xked fdNq tek; lHk osQa clkSydA vkc iQsj Vksy Hkfj xsy NSdA
ifgus rsa bZ xke ,d ifjokjd dgcSr NySdA LVs'ku ij ddjks ikgqu mrjSr NySd
rsa viu ikgqu tdk¡ yksd vfj;kfr vuSr NySdA ddjks iqrgq&csVh vcSr NySdµ lHk tu
dgkj es tkbr NySdA ddjks pjokg] ddjks eghl nwfg cSr NySd vk [kckl ddjks vkÄu
es ikfu Hkfj n~Sr NySd vk Hkkj y; dqVqEcd xke tkbr NySdA vkc nksljd ikgquosQa
yksd fpfÉrks ufg NSdA ,d xksVsd tu nkslj xksVsd dky ufg djSr NSdµ osQguks csxjrk
gksv;A csVh iqrksgq LV'ksul¡ i;js xke vcSr NSd vk ddjks tu viu iV~Vhd ekfyosQa NksfM+
nksljosQa iz.kkeks ufg djSr NsdA gejk dksu eryc] dksuks gej ekfyd NfFkA mfpr cksfu
nsyks ij vkud iV~Vh es jksiuh ufg djr] eqnk dVuhes vk¡Vh nscSd rsa py vkvksrA ekus
jkscl¡ ufg] yksHk l¡ lqurA
rfguk cM+ Vksyd yksd vkc eustjh vk pjpk¡fd es ufg jgSr NfFkA ekfydes ddjks
dktks ufg NSd] dwcfr;ks ufg NSdA ,gw Vksyd yksd lHk vkc if<+&fyf[k ckgj uksdjh
djSr vfN] Mkd ckft tehu [kjhnSr vfN vk lkys&lky iDdk fiVcSr vfNA vk] rkfg
es ifgy uEcj NSd ywVu >kd csVk pUnuosQaA ckgj jgSr vfN] [kwc dekbZr vfNA lHk
lky tehu [kjhnSr vfNA vksgks xke vk;y NyA vksdj ckck] ,d l; chl o"kZ thfc
LoxZoklh Hksy NyfFkuA cki vk nquw fiÙkh lsgks xkes NySdA lHk fefy fu.kZ; d;yd ts
,fg csj Vksyk y, d, ufg fuegcA lHkosQa uksr nscSadA tfudk vk;ckd gks;rfu] vkSrkgA
vk] Hkksjs&Hkksjs jkes'oj >k xkees lHkd eqgFkfj yx tk dgyfFku& yqVu >k vksfgBke l¡
iqj[knkgk fnl uksr nSr NhA ifgus jkes'oj >k chp vÄuk es tkbr Nykg vk tksjl¡ lqukosQa
dgsr NyfFku& iQYyk¡ ckcw vksbVke lsa uksrA eqnk vkc c;l HksyfuA ucdh dfu;k¡ lHk
vkÄu es vkfc xsy NSdA rsa eqgFkdj;s yxl¡ gkd n, nSr NfFkuA bZ dkt xke es jkes'oj
>k osQa NksfM+ vkj D;ks ufg d, losQr vfNA
eqnk] vksfg lk¡> x.ks'k Bkdqjd pjokg ts dkt d;yd ls r¡ D;ks ufg d;us NyA
ifgys [ksi cSly NySd& /h;k&iwr lHkA ngh ijlys tkbr NySd fd ywVu >kd vkÄu
es <sik cfjl* yxySdA /h;k&iwrk osQa pksV yxySdA lHk mQfB&mQfB d, iM+k; ykxyA
pk#dkrlsa yksd nkSM+yA <sik cfjlc cUn Hk, xsySdA rDdkgsjh HksyA <sik iQsdfugkj ufg
idM+;ySdA /h;k&iwrk iQsj cSfl xsyA ldjkSM+h ijly tk; yxySdA r[kus iQsj rM+rM+ <sik
cfjl; yxySdA ,fg csj pUnu /ik;y NyA x.ks'k Bkdqj ckjes Nidy gqud pjokg
cysyckosQa idM+yd vk idfM+d, nw&pkfj gkFk nsydA vkjks NkSaM+k lHk yq/dyA x.ks'k
Bkdqjd Hkmft vksEgj l¡ nkSM+yfFku& ,gu vUgsj tqfu d#A fujijk/osQa ufg ekfj;SdA r¡;ks
yksd ufg ekuydfu rsa pjckgosQa viu ikNk¡ uqdk ysyfuA vksEgjl¡ x.ks'k Bkdqj lsgks /
jiQjk;y ,ykgA lHkd lax cgl dj; yxykg& ¶vusjks <sik iQsdr gej pkckgA >qV~Bs nks"k
yxk ekjSr fN;sd] Bhd ufg gks;rA¸ fookn c<+Sr nsf[k pUnu ?kqfjd* viu dkt es ykfx
xsyA eqnk NkSM+k lHk x.ks'k Bkdqjd lax HkhfM+ xsyA cgl gksc; ykyA e.Vw ckcwd csVk
vfouk'k vxqvk NyA vksdjk osQ jksdrSd\ e.Vw ckcwd csVklHkosQa gqud ftfcrks yksdlHk
112 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
csdgy dgSr Nyfu xkees] fd;Sd rsa vks lHk ctSr Ny] lHk ?kVuk ij Lora=k :il¡ ctSr eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
NyA vfouk'kd lax x.ks'k Bkdqjd cgl HkS;s jgy Nyfu fd vksdj cfgu lsgks vksr* (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
igq¡fp xsfyA x.ks'k Bkdqjd Hkkmft gkFk upk&upk ckft jgfy NyfFkuA vfouk'kd cfgu
osQa nsf[krs ykx vkfc vksdj eq¡g ij gkFk upk d, ckt; yxyfFkuµ ¶osQgu vc.M NkS
rksgj HkkbZA euk ufg d, gksbr Nhad\¸
vfouk'kd cfgu cq>uqd tsdk¡ cktfy-----¶vc.M tsdk¡ rsa cw<+ks yksd lHk d, jgy
vfNA ddjk&ddjk euk dj;kSd\¸
vfouk'kd cfgu cq>uqd tsdk¡ cktfy----------¶vc.M tsdk¡ rsa cw<+ks yksd lHk d,
jgy vfNA ddjk&ddjk euk dfj;kSd\¸
fcxfM+ d, x.ks'k Bkdqjd Hkkmft pkV mBk ysyfFku NkSM+h g¡lSr vkÄu fnl
iM+k xsfyA cglks dusd dkyd ckn 'kkUr Hk, xsySdA eqnk] ?k.Vs Hkfjd ckn nkslj
dqdk.M HksySdA vfouk'kd HkkbZ foHkkl isfB;k ijl¡ v;ySdA vksgks fo|k£Fk;s NSd-----,[ku
chl&ckbl o"kZdA lHkVk lqfurs vkfx ysfl nsyosQA rkels jÄy x.ks'k Bkdqjd vkÄu es
igq¡fp xsyA foHkklosQa nsf[krs x.ks'k Bkdqj ldidk xsykgA vksdj mxz LoHkkol¡ vks ifjfpr
NykgA yx vkfc foHkkl iqNydfu-------
¶vgk¡ ,dVk pjokgd ysy] ts nks"kh Ny] , rsdVk dk.M dksuk d;ygq¡\ gej cfgu
ij pkV mB;ckd lkgl dksuk Hksy vgk¡ yksdfuosQa\ tokc fn;A¸
x.ks'k Bkdqj Mjd ysy rrsd flVfiVk xsykg ts cksy ykx* yxyfuA eqnk gqud
Hkkmft iQsj foHkkld yx vkfc eq¡g ij gkFk pedkc; yxyfFkuA
foHkkl ,d&nw csj jksdydfu-----
¶vgk¡ gfV tkm dkdh] vgk¡ L=khx.k Nh] ge vgk¡ l¡ xIi dj; ufg pkgSr NhA¸
eqnk] vks vksfguk eq¡g ij gkFk pedcSr jgyfFkuA foHkkl gqudk gkFk l¡ Bsfy rkelsa
ceosQr vkÄul¡ ckgj py vk;yA
,d ?k.Vk ckn yqVu ckcwd njcTtk ij HkhM+ NyA czkã.k lHk tqfV xsy Nykg
Hkstud ysyA vk] lHkosQa lEcksf/r d, lquhy pkS/jh dfg jgy NyfFkUg-------- ¶,dj
iapSrh gks;rfuA foHkkl vU;k; d;yfu vfNA L=khx.k ij gkFk mBkSyfu vfN ?kj iSflA vks
vkÄues vksa?kjk xsyhg] mQij l¡ x.ks'k vk x.ks'kd csVk rsa Mjs csgks'k Hk, xsyfuA bZ vU;k;
ufg pyrfu xkees gejk yksdfud vNSrA¸
dksEgjksl¡ foHkkl vksr; igq¡fp xsyA vksdjks uksr NySdA lquhy ckcwd ckr lwfu
Vksdydfu] ¶vgk¡ ,fg ckr es ufg cktwA gejk vgk¡d vkbZ nl o"kZ lsa nw xksyk vfN
ckcq,d le;lsaA ekfeyks eksdnek NyA vkc ckcw ufg NfFk] dksuks >xM+ks ufg vfNA uc
>xM+k ufg mBkmA¸
lquhy ckcw fcxfM+ mBykg] ¶ge dksuk us cktc\ rksa ddjks ?kj iSfl tuhtkfrosQa
csbTtr djcgd vk gejk yksdfu pqIi jgc\ iapSrh gks;cs djrgA¸
foHkkl vkjks mxz gksbr ckty] ¶osQ ddj ?kj iSlSr vfN rdj iapSrh djc* ykxc
ge lHk rsa lHk fnu iapSfr;s gksbr jgrA¸
eSfFkyh lkfgR;113
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ckr cf<+ xsySdA nquw xjt; yxykgA lquhy ckcwosQa gqud csVk jksdydfu] ¶vgk¡ pqIi
jgw ckcwA vgk¡ fd,d ,fges iM+Sr Nh\ eqnk] vks ufg ekuyfFkuA cftrs jgyfFkuA foHkklosQa
uo;qod lHk viuk fnl ?khfp d* ik¡res cSlk ysyosQd] ikr ijlk; yxySdA Hkkstu 'kq:
Hk, xsySdA x.ks'k Bkdqj fcM+yk Vksyd v'oRFkkek >kd lax cSly NykgA Hkstud lax
duiQqlfd;ks Hk, jgy NyfuA v'oRFkkek >k vkLrs l¡ dgyfFku] vgk¡ dkfYg eksdnek
vcLl d:A :iS;k&iSlk&ykBh& tdj dkt iM+r ge nscA¸
Hkfj jkfr lHk vkÄu es ,rcs duiQqldh vk fookn gksbZr jgySdA izkr Hksus egknso
>k ,dVk fyLV usus foHkkld njcTtkij Bk<+ Nykg] Mjs dus flVfiVk,y] ¶nwr voè;
gksbr vfNA eqnk] nwr cfu vk;y NhA iapd lwph vfN cÙkhl xksVsdA ,fg es tfudk ekuh
dfg fn;*A iapSrh gks;rA¸
lquhy pkS/jhd nwr Bk<+ Nyfu] foHkkl fyLV y* dgyosQ] ¶dh Hksy\ eksdnekd
xIi Ny jkfr\ vc iapSrh ij v;ygq¡\ tkmQ fyLV fn;*A cknes ge viu uke nscA¸
nwr pfy xsykgA foHkkl fyLV ns[k; yxykg ifgy iap yx nl o"kZl¡ rhu&rhu
Vk ljdkjh iQ.Md fglkc ck¡dh NySd] nkslj lkbZfdy pksjcSr dky idM+kd* tsy Hk,
vk;y NfFk] rslj ck/&cksu] ckM+h&>kM+h es pjSr yksdd Nkxj i;ZUr ekfjd* [kk ykbr
Nykg] pkfje ,dVk ekSxhd lax--------A foHkkl osQa fyLV if<+ [kwc g¡lh yxySd] vksdjk
eksfjd* ikfdV es jkf[k vks jlwyiqj cktkj fnl fonk HksyA
ckVses v'oRFkkek >kl¡ cdckl Hk* xsySdA vks fdNq xksVsd lax jrqosQ f[kLlk ilkjus
Nykg vka foHkklosQa nks"kh djkj n* jgy NyfFkuA iapd fyLV es gqudk uke NyfUgA
foHkkl Vksdydfu] ¶vgk¡d uke iapd fyLV es ns[kygq¡ vfN vk vgk¡ nquw i{kd lquckbZl¡
ifgus viu iQSlyk n* jgy fN;SdA vksgquk] iap vgk¡ yksdfu HkS;s ufg losQr NhA vgk¡
lHkd cqf¼ rsa lquhy dkdk yx ca/d vfNA¸
foHkkld mxz :i nsf[k v'oRFkkek >k fo'ks"k cgl ufg d;yfFkuA vksrfgl¡ vks
jlwyiqj cktkj igq¡pyA vksr; cM+ luluh NySdA v[kckj vkfc xsy NySdA jkfr vks
jsfM;ksl¡ U;wt ufg lqfu ldyA csfr;k xksyhdk.Ml¡ vUns'kk c<+y NySdA eqnk] iVukd
?kVuk rsa ,gu vizR;kf'kr NySd& fgalk] vfxyXxh vk ywVikfVA iqfyld xksyhl¡ ik¡p e`r
vk del¡ de iphlks ?kk;y& v[kckjd vk¡dM+k NySdA tkfgij yksd fo'okl ufg d,
jgy NySd yksd ifgufgl¡ mÙksftr NyA foHkkld igq¡fprs ;qokoxZ es vkjks mÙkstuk vkfc
xsySdA >V ,dVk lHkk HksySdA Nk=k la?k"kZ lfefrd xBu HksySdA foHkkl vksdj la;kstd
HksyA ,dVk tqywl fudkyydA lkSals bykdkes xkes xke ukjk yxkSydA lquhy ckcwd ?kj
yx fdNq cslh ukjk yxySd] iqryk lHk tjySdA tqywld ckn l¡>qdk xkM+h l¡ foHkkl
njHkaxk py xsy] vksrwdk Nk=k usrk lHkl¡ ijke'kZ ysc;A
foHkkld ek; fnu&jkfr fpUrk es jgSr nySdA gjne dksa<+ /josQrA nl xksVs nl laxd
lekpkj vuSr NySdA vks csVhosQa dkxt&dye n* ysBdk csVkosQa fpV~Vh yh[k; dgyd¡]
¶eksu ykxy vfNA iVukes cM+ gYyk NSdA rksjk yksdfu dksuk dh Ng\---------,Egj xkeks
nq'eu Hk, xsy vfN----------A¸
'kgj tsuk cnfy xsy NSdA dÝ;wZ ufg NSd vkc] rS;ks vkrad NSd] vk'kadk NSdA
vkfiQl tkbr vkdk'k lksfp jgy Ny ts ,duk dksuk Hk, xsySd\ lkspykij fcrykgk
114 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
fdNq fnu ,[kuks vly tsdk¡ yxSr NSdA ;|fi izR;sd ?kVukd lcwr mifLFkr NSd 'kgj eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
es] dkxtes] yksdd Bksjij vk vkrafdr ân;esA Bke&Bke vu'kudkjh&lR;kxzgh lHkd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
Vs.V vk Vs.V es Nk=k] L=khx.k] vk /h;k&iwrk lHkosQa ns[kSr vks vkfiQl igq¡fp tkbr vfNA
vkfiQles vkbZ&dkfYg mifLFkfr ,dne irjk;y jgSr NSdA HkksjosQa r¡ vkjks cslhA
?k.Vk&nw ?k.Vk ysV rsa vf/dka'k yksdA ysV ekdZ rsa gksbrs ufg NSdA 'kgjd vlkekU;
fLFkfrd dkj.ksa ;wfu;ud lkf/dkj ekÄ v;yks ij ?kaVksa lewges leFkZu] rdZ&fordZ]
lkiQ iz'kklu vk Hkz"Vkpkj mUewyud] Nk=k vkanksyu] egaxh ,oa oLrq&tkrd vHkkod----vk
t;izdk'k ukjk;.kd------------
vkdk'k pqipki viu dqlhZ ij cSfl tkbr NfFkA eksues cgqr fdNq gkSaM+Sr NSd eqnk
oqQlhZij vk¡f[k eqfu iM+y&iM+y eksu fLFkj djckd ps"Vk djSr vfNA foHkkxes vk;y
pkfj;s&ik¡p O;fDr [kwc tksj&tksj l¡ cgl d, jgy NSd tkfgl¡ vksdj è;ku csj&csj mpfV
tkbr NSdA bZ ,dVk 'kCn vksdj dkues iM+Sr NSd-------¶vkanksyu---------------?ksjko---------------
vu'ku---------------iqfyl tqYe------------¸
vksdjk vuk;kl vks fnu eksu ifM+ tkbr NSdA Nk=koxZ xouZjosQa fo/ku e.My es
Hkk"k.k nsc;l¡ jksdckd ysy dfVc¼ NySdA eqnk ckjg&,d cts /fj bZ bykdk ,dne 'kkUr
NySd-----ckV lqUu] lokjh cUnA chpes fgtSd d;y ,d&vk/ cl fo|kFkhZ lHkosQa ynus
,Egjl¡ vksEgj py tkbr NySdA vkj ddjks irk ufgA eqnk ckgj ctSr&ctsr luluh iflj
xsySdA nwjl¡ /wvk¡ ns[kkbZ iM+ ySdA vkfiQld yksdlHk txg Nksfj&Nksfj mQij Nr ij Bk<+
Hk, xsySdA vks lHk r[kuks Bk<+s jgySd t[ku ek=k fdNq xksVsd Vksy] tkfges Nk=k ,dksVk
ufg cq>kbr NySd] lksals lM+d ij dCtkd* ysyd¡----gksVy tj; yxySd------------nksdku
yqVk; yxySdA ----------vks lHk r[kuks Bk<+s jgySd t[ku rjSr edkud Nrl¡ mrjckd
ps"Vkes ,dVk L=kh pkSegykl¡ /jrh ij vkfc xsySdA
eqnk] iQk;j fczxsM ufg v;ySdA iqfyl ufg v;ySdA gksVy&nksdku&edku tjSr
jgySd vk vksdj nÝrjd lHk yksd rek'kk ns[kSr jgySdA vkuks&vkuks nÝrj vk ?kjd
yksd tr; vkfx ufg ykxy NySd] ts ufg ywVy xsy NySd] Nr ij Bk<+] xyhes nqcdy
rek'kk ns[kSr jgy vk feuV&feuV ij fouk csrkjd lekpkj lquSr jgy-----xouZjd Hkk"k.k
Hk, xsySd-----ykBhpktZ HksySd-----Nk=k usrk ?kk;y HksySd-----lpZykbVd vkfiQl tfj xsySd--
--xksyh pyySd vfNA vk] t[ku&t[ku dksuks ,Ecqysal lM+d ckVs xsySdµ yksd lHk ?ksaV
uejk&uejk fcuq ns[kuks ,d&nksljosQa lekpkj nsc; yxySd----- ¶gs oSg------vksgw es yk'k
NSd-----'kksf.kr ns[kSr fN;Sd---------!¸
ns[kckd ckr ij vkdk'kosQa ,dVk lk¡> eksu iM+ySdA drsd fnud ckn lk¡>es nw
?kaVkd gsrq dÝ;wZ gVy NySd---- vkdk'k ls gks cUn Hksy&Hksy vdNk;y Ny] lM+d ij
vkfc xsy NyA lM+d ctkjes HkhM+s&HkhM+ NySdA yksdlHk ?kwfe&?kwfed lHk lM+dosQa nsf[k
jgy Ny] viu cgq&cPpkosQa ns[kk jgy Ny---------- ¶;g nsf[k;kSµ bZgks tjy NSd------gs ;Sg]
,rfg xksyh pyy NySd---A¸ tsuk dksuks izn'kZuh ykxy gksbZA iQdZ ,rcs ts yksd izn'kZuh
?kqeSr dky tdk¡ fuf'pUr ufg NyA nqb;s ?k.Vkd okg iQsj dÝ;wZ yxrSdA yksd tYnhes
Ny] ctckes vk'kafdrks] dksEgjks D;ks lwfu us ySdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;115
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl vkc dÝ;Zw ufg NSd] fLFkfr mQijl¡ 'kkUr NSdA eqnk] vksfg fnul¡ fLFkfr Hk;kog
NySdA vks vkfiQles Ny fd dÝ;wZ ykfx xsy NySdA dksuks lckjh ufgA vks eq[; ckV
NksfM+ xyhd ckV /;us NyA dfg;ks xsyks ufg Ny vksfg ckVsA ckVes D;ks ikNk¡&ikNk¡ vcSd
r¡ gksbZ ts ikNk¡ l¡ ekfj;s nsrSdA thid vkokt lquS rsa yxSd ts dkEgkjksl¡ vkfc iqfyl
vksdjs idfM+ ysrSdA dgquk ij igq¡py rsa nksljs leL;k vkfc xsySdA xSl [kre] ?kj es
dksbyk&ydM+h ufgA jkrqd Hkkstu cuc eqfLdyA oLrqtkr vNSr miklA ?kjd iNqvkM+ es
,dVk dBgh cDlk iQsdy iM+y NySdA vksdjs rksfM+&rkfM+ dgquk f[kPpfj ikfd ldySdA
Hkksjs iQsj ns[ky t;rSdA
vksgh fnu fcrySdA vkc r¡ flusek&nksdku&gksVy iQsj pkyw Hk, xsy NSdA us r¡
fnu&jkfr dksByhes cUu] Bke Bke cSlkj] lHk gokes mf/;kbr xIi&xksyatjA ,d fnu
r¡ ,gu Hk, xsySd ts ?kj es ,dDdks duek pkmj&vk¡Vk ufgA lqu*es v;ySd ts pkSjkgk
ij fo|kFkhZ lHk ,dVk nksdku [kksykd, nw #iS;s fdyks pkmj vk Ms<+ #iS;s fdyks xgwe
cspck jgy NSdA ,d&,d fdyks HksVrSdA ifgus ladksp HksySd] ,d fdyks ysy ykbues
Bk<+ gks;rA eksgYykd D;ks fpUgrSd rsa dh dgrSd\ eqnk] pwfYg tjckd leL;k ladksposQa
Hkxk nsyosQdA vksgks pkSjkgkd nksdku ij igq¡fp xsyA cM+dk ykbu NySdA vksgks ykbu es
Bk<+ HksyA jkSnes Ms<+ ?k.Vk Bk<+ jgykij t[kus vksdj uEcj vkc; yxySd fd ¶iqfyl--
------iqfyl¸------d gYyk epySd vk vksgks ,dVk xyhes cstku iM+k;yA Msjkij vk;y r¡
ilsukl¡ ugk;y NyA ne iQwfy jgy NySdA dksa<+ /M+/M+k jgy NySdA
vkc r¡ vksgks fnu chfr xsySdA lk<+s rhfu;ks #iS, HksfV r¡ tkbr NSd pkmjA ekles
nls fdyks HksVSr r¡ NSd xgwe jk'kudkMZ ij\ eaf=keaMyd iquxZBu Hk, xsy NSd] vkjks
cgqr jkl ckr lHk Hk* jgy NSd] egxh vk Hkz"Vkpkj jksdckd lHk mik; Hk, jgy NSdA
vksfg fnu vkdk'k flusek ns[k; py xsy NyA djeqDr flusek NySd] jk"Vªizsed
flusekA gkml iQqy NySdµeqnk fVdV HksVck es >a>V ufg HksySdA [kqysvke fVdV fcdk
jgy NySd] lM+osQij nw #iS;kcyk ik¡p #iS;kesA yksd&lHk yq/dy NyA tdjk vksfges
ufg HksVySd] eq¡g fo/qvkSus NyA vksghBke l¡* dfu gfV d, fo|kFkhZ lHk jksMs ij lLr
nkees rjdkjh csfp jgy NyA vksr; dEe HkhM+ NySdA
vkdk'k pkSfd d, vk¡f[k [ksyydA foHkkxes dksuks ckrij tksj l¡ Bgkdk ykxy
NySdA lkeus ?kM+h ns[kydA ckjg ckft xsy NySdA eqnk ,[kuks vk/k l¡ dEes yksd
vk;y NySdA vks pijklhlHk gkftjh&cgh eÄckSydA vksdjk [kksfy tfguk ysV&lhy ekj;
ykxy] fdNq xksVs /M+iQjk;y v;ySdµ ¶bZ rda vgk¡d vU;k; fFkdA 'kgj esa turk dÝ;Zw
NSd] rS;ks bZ ysVekdZ----¸
vks lhy jkf[k nsyd vk iQsj DykUr eus dqlhZ ij vksBfÄ xsyA foHkkx es xIi
tkfj;s NySdA fo/ku lHkkd fo?kVud ekÄ] fo/k;dd ?ksjko vk R;kx&i=k-----vkfn cgqr
jkl xIi iQsj vksdj dkues vkc; yxySdA x;k dk.Md U;kf;d tk¡pij cM+h dky /
fj cgl HkSysd vk iQsj ?kwfj d* t;izdk'k ukjk;.k -----vks iQsj vk¡f[k eqfu ysydA ifnyk
drsdks v[kckjh [kcfj] lalnh; Hkk"k.k vks nw rjiQ oDrO; eksues vgqfj;k dkV; yxySdA
¶bZ ufg vks------vks ufg vks------¸
116 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ¶ge ufgA vks ufgA¸ cgqr jkl vkjksi&izR;kjksi vk lEikndh; fVIi.kh ekFkes eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
xksfÄvk; yxySdA laxs eksu iM+ySd lM+dd dkres ykxy ,dVk fp=k izn'kZuh vk dfo (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
lEesyuA vksgks xsy Ny] eqnk ,dVk NkSM+k t[ku ,dVk dkxt nLr[kr dj; nsyosQd rsa
vks if<+ d, ?kqjk nsyosQA vkUnksyud lax lgkuqHkwfrd xIi NySdA vks dksuk nLr[kr djSr\
ljdkjh uksdj vfN----eqgtckuh ckr vkj NSdA
r[kus viu Vscqy yx fdNq xqyxqy cq>;ySdA vk¡f[k [kksfy ns[kyd r¡ Vscqy yx
pkfj Vk NkSM+k Bk<+ NySdA vks Msjk xsyA ,gus rhuVk NkSaM+k fdNq fnu ifgus cM+kl lkgsc yx
vk;y jgfu vk vkfiQl can dj* dgus jgfuA >V xsV ij rkyk ykfx xsy jgSdA vks Msjk;y
lu rdyd fd vksdjkl¡ dksu dlwj HksySdA eqnk ,dVk NkSaM+k jlhn y* yx v;ySdµ
¶Hkkb lkgc] la?k"kZ lfefrd gsrq pUnkA¸ vks >V ikfdVls cpy ,dek=k i¡pVdgh cytksjh
g¡lSr gkFk ij jkf[k nsyosQdA NkSaM+k uke iqNyosQ r¡ vks dksuks uke fy[kk nsyosQdA NkSaM+k
lHk py csySdA ,d csj bPNk HksySd ts NkSaM+k lHkosQa iqNSd ts vgk¡ yksdfu dksu dkyst
es i<S+r Nh\ eqnk] iQsj viu bPNk vuxZy yxySdA
vkdk'k nsg lks> djSr dqjlhij lEgfj d, cSfl xsyA fdNq xksVs viu&viu lhV
ij vkfc xsy NySdA fVfiQu gks;ckes vk/k ?k.Vkd foyEc NySdA pijklh v>qdk Mkd
jkf[k xsy NySdA mijses vksdj O;fDrxr i=k NySdµ xked fpV~Bh jgSd tsukA vks fyiQkiQ
iQkfM+ fpV~Bh i<+; ykxy-----
¶-----rksjk yksdfu dksuk Ng iVukesA cM+ gYyk NSdA dksa<+ d¡iSr jgSr vfNA ,Egj
xke nq'eu Hksy vfN] vks rksjk xkel¡ erycs ufg NgA Hkkstes x.ks'k Bkdqjd pjckg <si
iQsdyosQd] yksd idM+cks osQyosQd] rS;ks nks"kh foHkkl] fd,d rsa vks ctykA c.ks'k Bkdqjd
?kj xsykA vU;k;d fojks/ d;yfuA eqnk vly ckr rj ifM+ xsyA iapSrh gquosQ ij gks;rfuA
xke ekus eq¡gxj yksd] ts tksjl¡ ckft ld;A oSg lR;] oSg U;k;A ,dVk nks"kh pjokg y¡
,rsd dk.M] iapSrh vk ekfeyk eksdnekd /edhA eqnk /U; dgh xked yksdosQaA vksdjk
dksuks eryc ufgA ge fd,d cktc\ gejk dksu eryc\ rsa] xke ekus lquhy ckcw] xke
ekus v'oRFkkek >k-----xke ekus-----A¸
vksdjk vkxw ufg i<+y xsySdA yxySd tsuk lHkVk ek; vksdjs yhf[k jgy NSdA
¶yksd ekus vksA vks ekus vksdjk lu yksd----nLr[kr dj; l¡ Msjk;cyk] CySdl¡ fVdV]
MkyMk] phuh [kjhn*cyk vk tjSr edku] ?kj] nksdkuosQ dkSrqdl¡ rek'kk ns[k* cyk yksdA
vk] xke ekus lquhy pkS/jh] xke ekus v'oRFkkek >k------vk ns'k ekus------¸
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&eSfFkyh dFkk lkfgR;es izrhd vk fcEcd dFkk;qx Lora=krkd ckn 'kq:

Hksy vk ,fg ;qxes if'peh izHkkol¡ dFkkd f'kYi&'kSyh vk dFkkoLrqes O;kid ifjorZu
Hksy vk bZ ifjorZu 60&70 n'kd /fj vkcSr&vkcSr ,dVk VªsaM lu cfu xsyA ,fg dFkkes
lsgks ,dj 'kh"kZd izrhdkRed vfNA ^<si* vFkkZr ikFkj vFkkZr 'kkar okrkoj.kes dksykgyd
Jhx.ks'kA dFkkdkj viu ,fg dFkkes nw Vk fcEcosQ¡ pquus NfFkuA ,dVk fcEc vfN xke
vk xke?kjd Nn~e jktuhfres dksykgyd Jhx.ks'k vk nkslj fcEc vfN 1974 bZ- d
laiw.kZ ozQkafrd vkfx tkfges uxj //fd jgy vfNA xke?kjes Hkkstes <sid o"kkZ xked
eSfFkyh lkfgR;117
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl okrkoj.kosQ¡ fo"kkDr cukcSr vfN r¿ nkslj fnl t; izdk'k ukjk;.kd e¡gxh] Hkz"Vkpkjd
fo:¼ mBkvksy vkokt ,dVk csyxke jktuhfrd HkkxSr ?kksM+kd >q.Mes fcM+M+ks epk nSr
vfNA xkees ckr&ckr ij oSeuL;rk nqxksyk >k vkilh [khapkrkud chp ,dVk cukoVh
'kkafres v'kkafrd Hkwpky epSr vfN r¿ uxjes oSpkfjd ozzQkafrd Hkwpkyes vkxtuh] dÝ;Zw vk
la?k"kZd i`"BHkwfe cuy vfNA xke?kjd o.kZu djSr ,d fnl dFkkdkj tsuk ;FkkFkZd p'ek
ikBdosQ¡ ifgjk nSr NfFku rfguk vkxw c<+cSr uxjd n`';osQ¡ lsgks thoar dfj nSr NfFkuA
ik=k&pfj=k&fp=k.k%&dFkkdkj dFkkes ifjos'k ?kVuk oSpkfjd la?k"kZ dksuks ,dVk xke
fdNq uke /fj lhfer ufg vfN ts ik=kd egRo gks; ,r, r* ?kVuk tsuk n`';&nj&n`';
viu jax cnySr vfN vk dksuks xkees jgfugkjosQ¡ vius xked n`'; cq>k iM+rfuA lquhy
pkS/jh] panu] fodkl] v'oLFkkek >k lu ik=k dksu xkees ufg Ny ok dksu xkees ufg
vfNA dFkkdkj xke vk uxjd tkfg n`';d izLrqfr d;us NfFku ikBdosQ¡ lSg eksu jfg
tk,r vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&lektd izcq¼ yksdd uSfrdrkosQ¡ vksdj lkezkT;oknh fyIlk
dksuk ?kqu tdk¡ u"V d¿ nsus jgSr NSd rFkk vksfg iQksaoQ Hksy ekbu tud dkj.ks ¡ fujijk/
O;fDr dksuk ekjy tk,r vfN rdj izHkkoiw.kZ vfHkO;atuk ,fg <si 'kh"kZd dFkkes HksVSr
vfNA o.kZukRed ozQees tkfg rjgsa dksuks :id tdk¡ xkel¡ uxj/fjd okrkoj.kosQ¡ vks
tksM+Sr NfFkA Hkk"kk fefFkykd xke ?kjd xIi 'kIi rFkk eSfFkyh vfNA lks> likV ikBdd
eksuosQ¡ tksM+¿ okyk Hkk"kkA ifjos'kxr izLrqfr lsgks cM~M Li"V vfNA
mís';%&Lora=krkd cknsl¡ eSfFkyh dFkk lkekftd lq/kj vk vfrpkj fu.kZ;kosQ¡ R;kfx
lkekftd ifjorZu vk ekDlZ] ÚkbZMd fopkj/kjkd rkuk&ckuk ij py¿ ykxy tdj
,dek=k mís'; jfg xsy ts ;FkkfLFkfr izfr yksdosQ¡ lkdka{k dfj uo fopkj/kjkd izpkj&izlkj
,fg dFkkes lsgks dFkkdkj ,gus mís'; y¿ Bk<+ NfFkuA
O;k[;k

---------rksjkyksdfu dksuk Ng iVukesA cM+ gYyk NSdkA dksa<+ d¡iSr jgSr vfNA ,Egj
xke nq'eu Hksy vfN] vks rksjk xkel¡ erycs ufg NgA Hkkstes x.ks'k BkoqQjd pjckg <si
isQdyoSQd yksd idM+oksosQoSQd] rS;ks nks"kh foHkkl] fd,d r¿ vks ctykA x.ks'k BkoqQjd
?kj xsykA vU;k;d fojks/ d;yfu eqnk vly ckr rj ifM+ xsy iapSrh gquosQ ij gks;rfuA
xke ekus eqagxkj yksd ts tksM+ l¡ ckft ld;A oSg lR; oSg U;k;A
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k eSfFkyh lkfgR; es viu lks> vk lqPpk ys[ku ysy fo[;kr
dFkkdkj izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jh jfpr ^<si* 'kh"kZd dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fges foHkkld
ek; iVuk vofLFkr viu tsBdk csVkosQ¡ ts xked fLFkfrd lanHkZes i=k fy[kus NfFku rdjs
va'k m¼`r vfNA
lanHkZ%&t[ku x.ks'k BkoqQj vk lquhy pkS/jhd "kM;a=kl¡ fujijk/ foHkkl ij iap;rh
cSlsckd iz'u le{k Bk<+ gks,r vfN vk xked yksd ,fg lanHkZ es ok r¿ ekSu jgSr vfN
ok "kM;a=kdkjh lquhy pkS/jhd lax Bk<+ jgSr NfFk r[ku Hk;kozQkar Hk¿ foHkkld ek;
lgk;rkFkZ viu tsB viQlj csVk vkdk'k >kosQ¡ i=k fy[kS NfFkuA
118 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 HkkokFkZ%&,fg dkO;ka'kes dFkkd okLrfodrkd mn~?kkVu vfN xkel¡ uxj /fj /fud] eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
rFkkdfFkr izcq¼xoZd uSfrdrk vk vksdj fyIlk dksu rjgs ¡ ?kqu tdk¡ lkekftd&ikfjokfjd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
,drk vk lkekftd lejlrk osQ¡ {kh.k d;us tk jgy vfN rdj vfHkO;fDr vfNA lektd
rFkkdfFkr ekfutu fujijk/ O;fDrosQ¡ dksu rjgsa viu Nn~e jktuhfrd f'kdkj cuk vksdj
eku vk vfLrRod gj.k d¿ jgy vfN rdj ;FkkFkZ fp=k.k vfNA bZ ,dVk ek;] ,dVk xke
vk ,dVk O;fDrd xIiufg vfN bZ ,dVk laozQe.k vfN tdj izlkj O;kid vfNA egkHkkjr
dkyl¡ vkb/fj pyy vkfc jgy vfNA dksuks us&dksuks :ies iS?k ek¡N NksV ek¡NosQ¡ fxfj
jgy vfN bZ ?kksj vekuork vfN ,dj izfrdkj gks;ckd pkgh ys[kd ikBdosQ¡ izrhdkRed
:ies ;Sg cq>kc¿ pkgSr NfFkuA
dFkk oSf'k"V~;% dFkkdkj 'kh"kZdd izrhdkRed :il¡ tsuk <si isaQoSQr ,dVk lexz
lektd vU;k; lgckd ;FkkfLFkfrosQ¡ Lohdkfj 'kkar Hkkoes ozQkafrd Loj cquSr NfFkuA
lkekftd ifjorZu vFkZ gks,r vfN lexz lektd rk£dd izxfrA dFkkdkj tkfg fcEcosQ¡
fooj.k&o.kZu vk fp=kkRed izk:i nsus NfFku rdj ;FkkFkZ xgu oSpkfjd rF; vfNA bZ
eSfFkyh dFkkd izxfr'khyrkd |ksrd vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR;119
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
5- ,d [khjk rhu iQkad (dFkk) dFkkdkj jkenso >k

jkenso >kd voknku

ewyr% vk eq[;r% dFkkdkj Mk- jkenso >k cgqeq[kh izfrHkklEiUu lkfgR;dkj NfFkA
dFkk&fo/kosQ¡ fgud vonku le`¼ d;yoSQd vfNA dfork lsgks bZ fy[kSr NfFk ekfeZd]
,dkadh dkjd :ies lsgks bZ viu LFkku lqjf{kr djk ysyfu vfN] fgud izdkf'kr fuca/d
vk/kjij dgy tk loSQN ts vksgw fo/kes fgud gkFk eafty Nfu] fdUrq vkc fgud eksu
vuqla/ku vks 'kkL=kh; lekykspukes jfe xsy Nfu] vk ozQe'k% lkfgR;ltZu NwVy tkbr
NfuA vuqla/kukses fgud n`f"V rst vk lkiQ Nfu vksfg fnl :fp;] fo'ks"k Nfu] rs ¡ vksfg
{ks=kes fgudkl¡ cgqr vk'kk d;y tkbNA eSfFkyh lkfgR;d fdNq uo rF;osQ¡ bZ izdk'kes
vucks d;yfu vfNA
fgud dFkkd nwVk laxzg izdkf'kr vfN&,d [khjk rhu iQk¡d (1965) rFkk euqd
lUrku (1966)A btksrh jkuh (1967)&bZ fgud ckyksi;ksxh f[kLlk fFkdA O;fDrRo
o`QfrRod leh{kkRed xzUFk ^mikifr* (1980) rFkk 'kks/xzUFk eSfFkyh 'kSo lkfgR; (1979)
vks eSfFkyh 'kSo lkfgR;d Hkwfedk (1982) fgud izdkf'kr vfNA ,dj vfrfjDr uUnh
ifr&xhrekyk (1965) jkefot; ukV (1967)] gjxkSjh fookg ukVd (1970) rFkk usikyd
'khyksRdh es xhr (1972)d bZ lEiknu d;us NfFkA izksisQlj lqjsUnz >k ^lqeu*d laiknu
es ^eSfFkyh izkphu xhrkoyh* xzUFkd lEiknu fgud }kjk Hksy vfN] tkfges vkB i`"Bd
xos"k.kkewyd fo}Ùkkiw.kZ Hkwfedk ;Sg fy[kus NfFk rFkk pUnzukFk feJ ^vej*d lax ^dfooj
thou >k&jpukoyh*d lEiknu lsgks bZ d;us NfFk rkgwes Hkwfedk fguosQ fy[ky vfNA
njHkaxk ftykd dfcyiqj (ygsfj;kljk;) uked xkees fgud tUe 3 ebZ 1936
osQ¡ Hksy NfuA eSfFkyh lkfgR;d bZ es/koh Nk=k NykgA iVuk fo'ofo|ky; eSfFkyhes ,e-
,- d;ykd mijkUr ifgus fdNq fnu nqedk dkyst] nqedkes i'pkr~ lh- ,e- dkyst
njHkaxkes jgykgA laizfr fefFkyk fo'ofo|ky;] njHkaxkes LukRdksÙkj eSfFkyh foHkkxd ;'kLoh
izkè;kid NfFkA 1970 bZ- es fgudk iVuk fo'ofo|ky; }kjk ^eSfFkyh 'kSo lkfgR;* uked
'kks/ izcU/ij ih&,p-Mh-d mikf/ izkIr HksyfuA
bZ yfyr&jktdey&ek;kuUn ih<+hd mYys[kuh; dFkkdkjd :ies LFkkfir NfFkA
fgud dFkkes Mk- 'kSysUnz eksgu >kd vuqlkj ¶ys[kdd dYiuk'khy laxfg ;FkkFkZ thoud
larqyu orZeku HksVrA fgud lHk dgkuhes thoud xgu vuqHkwfrd n'kZu gksbNA psrukd
rges mrfj dgkuhdkj rF;d vuq'khyu d;yfu vfN rFkk mi;qDr okrkoj.kd fuekZ.k
d¿ O;fDr&lektl¡ lac¼ leL;k ij lgkuqHkwfrdiwoZd fopkj d;yfu vfNA¸ Mk- jkenso
>kd ¶lqUnj miLFkkiu&'kSyh] oLrq&ik=kd oSfoè;] eeZLi'khZ Hkkouk] euksoSKkfud fp=k.k]
dksuks fLFkfr ok HkkoosQ¡ izrhdd ekè;es izLrqrhdj.k] ljlrk] euksje xzkeh.k 'kCnkoyh vkfn
vusd fo'ks"krkl¡ le`¼¸ vfNA
eSfFkyh vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr dFkk&laxzgd dFkkdkj&ifjp;d izlax fgud dFkkd
^fo'ks"krk ekfV&ikfud lksUgkvksu xU/] tuthou vk yksd&laLo`Qfrl¡ lq:fpiw.kZ lai`fDr vk
LokHkkfod BsB Hkk"kk* ekuy xsy vfNA oLrqr% ¶ekuoh; lqoqQekj laosnuk] euksoSKkfud vk
120 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
lkekftd psrukd LiUnu fgud dFkkesa HksVSr vfNA¸ fgud fdNq izfl¼ dFkk fFkd&euqd eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
lUrku] ,d [khjk rhu iQk¡d] cVxkNd Nkgfj] ,dVk jg; mreh] ijrh vkfnA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
^,d [khjk iQk¡d*es fgud vkB xksV dFkk lax`ghr vfN rFkk ^euqd larku*es lkr
xksVA ^euqd larku* dFkk fgud cgqr mRo`Q"V dFkk r¡ vfN,] eSfFkyh lkfgR;d nl Vk
mRo`Q"V dFkkes lsgks bZ LFkku i;ckd vf/dkjh vfNA ,fges ^ifjos'kd vUrjax ifjfpr ,oa
tuthod ;FkkFkZd fp=k.k tr¿ dFkkosQ¡ vR;Ur lksguxj cuk nSr vfN] rrfg euksoSKkfud
lx lkekftd psruk fnl laosQr d¿ dFkk cM+ foy{k.k :iss ¡ ,d Vk iS?k ckr dfg tkbr
vfNA*
Mk- uohupUnz feJd vuqlkj jkenso >kd dFkkd ¶,d&,d xksV ik=k vks ifjfLFkfr
tsuk orZeku fefFkykd tuthoud izfrfuf/Ro djSr vfNA fuEuoxhZ; lekt vkfFkZd
fo"kerkl¡ vuojr la?k"kZ dfjrgq¡ izlUu Hkkos ¡ thou iFkij vxzlj Hk¿ jgy vfN] rdj
lw{e i;Zos{k.k viu dFkkd fHkfÙkij vaafdr d¿ xYidkj rdjk vej cuk nsus NfFkA¸
Mk- t;dkUr feJ lsgks ,djk Lohdkj djSr ,gukgs er O;Dr d;us NfFk&Dr. Ramdeo
Jha has attempted to paint similar aspects of life, particularly among the lowest
elasses in the new manner taking up litile, insignificant things that matter for a
happy and sucessful life."
fgud dfork ân;xzkgh gksbr vfNA dksuks oknl¡ bZ xzLr ufg NfFkA NUn vk
LoPNUn&nquw izdkjd jpuk djSr NfFk&fdUrq fopkj fgud drgq foPN` [kfyr ufg
gksbr vfNA dFks tdk¡ fgud dforkes fefFkykd xke&?kj] lkekU; tud gkl&vJq]
bPNk&vkdka{kkosQ¡ vfHkO;fDr HksVySd vfNA
fgud fdNq xhr mRo`Q"V dksfVd vfNA izks- jekukFk >kd 'kCnes fgud ^xhr eè;
izo`Qfr ,oa ukjh&lkSUn;Zd vuqHkwfriw.kZ o.kZu Hksy vfN] drgq drgq uo;qxd lsgks vfHkuUnu
Hksy vfNA¸ bZ cM+ yfyr 'kCne ;kstuk viu xhres djSr NfFkA Hkkod xEHkhjrkd lax&lax
xs;/feZrk vk d.kZfiz;rk fggd xhrd eq[; fo'ks"krk fFkdfuA mnkgj.kd :ies fuEu ik¡rh
nz"VO;&
vkoqQy izk.k fi;kly rdbN uhye u;u&dVksjes
lq/k&fla/q lafpr jk[ky Ny g¡ly laiqfVr Bksjes
papy fla/q vpapy ygjh
Mwfc jgy ty;ku gs
vuqHko foiQy] Hksy vfN [kafMr
ukfod osQj vfHk;ku gs
Lo;a fdukj mrfj jgyS vfN Mwc¿ ys fgydksjes
vkoqQy izk.k fi;kly rdbN uhye u;u&dVksjes

eSfFkyh lkfgR;121
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ^Hkkjr tuuh* fgud lqizfl¼ dfork vfN tkfges izks- jkeukFk >kd 'kCnes ^Hkkoqd
dfo fd'kksj Hkkoukd 'kk}y HkwfeosQ¡ ikj d, ;FkkFkZd Bksl Hkwfeij vxzlj gksbr izrhr gksbr
NfFkA* dfod ns'kizsed ysy bZ iafDr nz"VO;&
ykfx ufg ldrs vg¡d ru
y?kgq oqQ'ky dysiA
isQfd ufg ikvksr drgq D;ks NksV&Nhuks <si
Nh lroZQ lpsr] rRij lrr j{kk gsrq
osQrq iQgj; O;ksees fu}ZU}A
eUn ufg gks bZ eq[kj eqLdku
tufu gs vfiZr gej gh dksfV&dksfV iz.kkeA
jkenso >k ,dkadhd jpuk lsgks d;us NfFkA ^fiiklk* vk ^nqykjd Hkw[k* fgud
izfl¼ ,dkadh fFkdA viu ,dkadhes eè; vk fuEu oxZd leL;kosQ¡ y¿ cM+ lgt jhfr,¡
vksdjk mn~?kkfVr djckd iz;kl ys[kd d;us NfFkA dFkksidFku ik=kkuqowQy vfN] NksV&NksV
vfN okrkoj.k drgq tfVy ufg vfN] vr,o eapuksd n`f"Vl¡ fgud ,dkadh liQy ekuy
tk;rA
fgud vuqla/kukRed fucU/ lHk cgqr egRoiw.kZ vfNA ^mekifr* uked o`Qfres
gqud lEcU/es izpfyr drsdks /kj.kkosQ¡ bZ rF; }kjk Hkzked fl¼ d;yfu vfN rFkk gqud
lEcU/es viu iq"V er fo}kuyksdfud le{k j[kyfu vfNA
fgud nw xksV 'kks/xzUFk izdkf'kr vfN] ts okLroes ,osQ xzUFkd c [k.M fFkdA
eSfFkyh 'kSo lkfgR;d Hkwfedkes f'kod fofHk 'kkL=kes mYys[k] gqud 'kkL=kh; vk ykSfdd
egRo] eSfFky lektes f'kod egRo] mikluk i¼fÙk] eSfFkyhd vkfndkyhu jpukes f'kod
:i vkfnij xEHkhj foospu izLrqr d;y xsy vfNA eSfFkyh 'kSo lkfgR; (;|fi bZ izdkf'kr
Hksy ifgus] fdUrq vlyes fFkd bZ nkslj [k.M)es f'ko&fo"k;d izpqj vk lqnh?kZ lkfgR;d
foLr`r vk;keosQ¡ leVSr 'kSo lkfgR;d fo}Ùkkiw.kZ vk fo'kn fo'ys"k.k izLrqr d;y xsy
vfNA bZ xzUFk fo}ku ys[kdd xgu vè;;u] lqnh?kZ vuqlU/ku vk lw{e foospu&cqf¼d
lqifj.kke fFkdA fdUrq] vk/qfud dkyes tr¿ vusd dfod f'ko&fo"k;d jpukij ys[kd
n`f"Vikr d;yfu vfN rr¿ dfooj lhrkjke >kd f'ko&fo"k;d jpuk NqfV xsy vfNA
rfguk] phuh vkozQe.kd le;us vusd dfo }kjk d;y xsy izyy;adj :nzd O;kid
vkokguosQ¡ lsgks fo}ku ys[kd viu fopkj&dksfVl¡ ckgj j[kyfu vfNA rFkkfi] bZ o`Qfr
eSfFkyh lekykspuk vks vuqla/ku lkfgR;d ekud xzUFk fFkdA
bZ usiky tk;] vksrgqll¡ cgqr&fdNq eSfFkyhd izkphu nqyZHk oLrqosQ¡ rkfd d¿ vius
NfFk vk ozQe'k% vksdjkij viu vfHker O;Dr djSr] vksdj ,sfrgkfld] lkfgfR;d egÙkk
izfrikfnr djSr izdk'kes vkfu jgy NfFkA mi;qZDr lEikfnr iksFkhes fdNq ,gh dksfVd fFkdA
Mk- jkenso >kd lkfgR; eSfFkyh&Hk.Mkjd fof'k"V lkexzh fFkdA bZ ts fy[kus NfFk
rdj rRdkfyd vk LFkk;h] nquw egRod NSdA
122 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
,d [khjk rhu iQk¡d (dFkk)
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
iQsdw mBy vk csypkl¡ dksbykd igkM+osQa <kg* ykxyA dksbykd <sjh ,osQ csj
gjgjk mByA xkgdd fNV~Vk es iQsdw dksbyk j[kus tkbr Ny vk vksdj Bksj] iViVkbr
NySdµ¶fcuk ijfeVd dksbyk-----ekfyd t[ku fcxM+* yxrS r¡-----¸
lqjth] eus vksdj ?kjokyh FkksM+sd nwjij dkBd efp;kij cSlfy xkgdµ l¡ nke ySr
NySdA vks cktfyµ ¶yksdd csj&csxjrk ekfyd uS cq>r¡\¸
iQsdw dksbyk mBfcrs jgyA vksdj vks iqjku csypk] csypkd ewB] ewBd f[k;k;y&?kly
xghj [kkf/d yky jax] tsuk lHk fpjifjfpr NySdA nquw gkFkd iS?k Bsyk lHk vksfg ewBd
[kkf/es [ki n* cSfl tkbr NySdA
iQsdw] eus cgqrjkl iQsdwA lnj Fkkukd ljdkjh pkSdhnkj] dksbyk MhiksosQj csypk&etwj]
Mhiksd ekfyd gjnsoflagd bekunkj uksdj] efp;kij cSlfy lqjthd ?kjcykA lqjth]
------Hkjy&iqjy nsg] xksj nsg] lsgUrxj nsg] vk¡f[kes cfl ykbcyk nsg---- efu lqjth nsg]
iQsdwd ?kjckyhd nsgA
ukÄj iQsdwd lqjth NySd ?kjckyhA lHk feyk&tqyk d* iQsdwosQa ,dVk i;j] ,dVk
?kjckyh] nwVk uksdjh vk rhu Vk csVk---A
iQsdw dusd lqLrkbr ,dcsj lqjth fnl rdys----tfg;k xkSuk djkd* vuus jgSd
lqjthosQa rfg;k Vksy&iM+ksld yksd dgus jgSdµ¶Vksyes ,gu dfu;k¡ r¡ dfg;ks us vk;y
Ny¡A¸
iQsdwosQa vksfg fnuqd lqjthd tyk;y] e/qvk;y e¡qg eksu ifM+ xsySdA
xkSukd ik¡ps&NS ekld ckn vksdjk pkSdhnkjh HksfV xsy jgSdA uhy jaxd dqÙkkZ] eqjsBk
vk ik¡p gkFkd Hkkyk HksVy jgSd FkkukijA ifgy fnu dkUgij Hkkyk /;us Ny r¡ vksfg
uÄjks i;jsa vksdjk fofp=k tks'k vkfc xsy NySdA
cM+ n;keUr NySd vks njksxkA iQsdw lSg lkspSr Nyµ Hkxokud Ñik vk vksdj Hkkx
nwuw lgtksj NySd rsa] us r¡ ddjk ljdkjh uksdjh ,rsd vlkues HksVSr NSd\ vk Lusg mefM+
vk;y lqjthij] vksgks cM+ HkkxefUr vfNA vksdjks Hkkx ,fg uksdjhes dkt d;yosQdA vk
pkfj&ik¡p ekl ckn gkse* cyk lUrkud fo"k; es lksfp vks foHkksj Hk* xsyA cqf> iM+ySd
tsuk HkkX; vksdjkysy mUufrd nlks }kj [kksfy nsyosQdA
iQsdw Hkfj vUgfj;k igjk nSr NyA [kk&ihfcd* fonk Hksy] ef>yh jkfre lkSals xke
igjk nsyd vk Hkks#dh jkfr es dksuks Bke] ddjks nyku ij ifM+ jgyA vksgh lky ?kqVjk
tuey jgSdA cM~M uhd ykxy jgSd ?kqVjkd eq¡g] lqjthd eq¡gA [kk&ih d* t[ku fonk
gkse* ykx; igjk nsck ysy r¡ eksu vylk tkbdA gksbd ts lqjth vk ?kqVjkosQa NksfM+ drgq us
tkbA eqnk tk; iM+Sr NySdA ljdkjd idM+y Ny tsA ,d fnu ,fguk vks ufg xsySd igjk
nsck ysyA lqjthd eksu dk¡fi mBySdµ¶fMiVh ijl¡ xjgkftj gksb NS r¡ ls tkuks viuA¸
vk lÙks njksxk xIi n* idfM+ ysyosQd xkeijA iQsdwosQa HksySd ts gkfde lc nsork
gksb NSA vxjtkuh tuS NS ls vks vksfg fnul¡ dfg;ks M~;wVh ufg NksM+ydA rdjk lkys Hkfjd
ckn tuey NySd eÄykA njksxkthosQa lekn dgus NySd r¡ njksxkth d eq¡gij jkscxj
eSfFkyh lkfgR;123
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl eqLdku vkfc xsy NySdA iQsdwosQa njksxkthd izfr cM+ J¼k Hk* xsy NySdA M~;wVh ysc* es
cM+k dM+k eqnk rdjk ckn cM+ dkseyA iQsdwosQa ekuSr NySdA cM+ ekuSr NySd vk ls nsf[k
vku pkSdhnkjosQa Mkg gksbr NySdA njksxkth dfg;ks dky vksdjkl¡ g¡lh d* ySd] lqjthd
gky&pky iwfN ySd] gydkes ?kwe* tkbd r¡ iQsdwd ?kj /fj vkfc d* ftKklk d* tkbdA
iQsdw frjfir Hk* tkbr NyA
njksxkth nkslj csVkosQa lksud gyqekuh nsus jgfFkuA iQsdw gqylSr vkfcd* lqjthosQ¡ nSr
dgus NySd& ¶nsork NS njksxkthA nsorkA¸
lqjth vksdjk gkFkes y*d* ,d utfj n*d* dksBhd dkUgij jkf[k nsus NySd vk
iQsdw, lu vkÈkn ufg ns[kkSus NySd r¡ iQsdwosQa lqjthij cM+ rkel mBy NySdA
iQsdwd csypk #fd xsySdA dksbykd fNV~Vk Hkfj xsy NySd rsa vksdjk jkVuij jkf[k
vk;y vk iqu% nkslj fNV~Vkes dksbyk mBkc* ykxyA -----ekfyd gjnsoflagd dksbyk lkSals
lgjes pySr NySdA fnuks fnu dkjckj c<+ys tkbr NySdA iQsdwd ysy nkslj csVk eaxyk
cM+ HkkxeUr HksySdA vksdjk tUed ckns dksbyk Mhikses iQsdwosQa uksdjh HksfV xsy NySdA
----cM+ [kq'kh Hksy NySd iQsdwosQa vks vksgh fnul¡ jkfrd* pkSdhnkjh vk fnu d* dksbyk
Mhiksd uksdjh djSr vfNA ckjgks ekl] fHkuljl¡ lk¡> /fj csypkl¡ gjnsoflag dksbykd
igkM+osQa <kgSr jgSr vfN] vuojr----vfojkeA Hkfjfnu csypk&etwj jgSr vfN vk Hkfj jkfr
pkSdhnkj] yksdd tkuekyd fgiQktfr ysyA ddjks /u&chr pksj us pksjk ySd rkfg ysyA
iQsdw ns[kyd] gjnsoflag lkbfdy jksfd d* mrfj xsyA vksdj dksbyk mBcSr gkFk
FkjFkjk tdk¡ xsySdA FkksM+sd nwjij ekyxkM+hl¡ dksbyk mrkjSr nquw [kkyhld gkFk rsthl¡
py* yxySdA vks xkgd] ts ,[ku /fj fuf'pr Hk*d* chM+h lquxk lksaVsr Ny vk /wvk¡
mM+cSr Ny ls ,osQ csj ldidk d* Bk<+ Hk* xsyA lqjth;ks efp;k ijl¡ mfB d* Bkf<+ Hk*
xsyA viu vk/k m?kkj NkrhosQa vk¡pjl¡ >¡i¡r ekFkijd lkM+hosQa dusd vxk¡ [khafp ysydA
pk:dkr ,dVk vkrad] Hk;] vk pqIih iflj xsySd----cl] dksbyk [klckd >j>jkgfV ek=k
lqukbr NySdA
gjnsoflag vfcrs ,d csj viu ekfydkuk utfj pk: dkr ?kqekSydA tsuk vksdjk
vk¡f[kd jksc vksfg Bked izR;sd oLrqij BIik ekjus tkbr NySdA lHk fdNqosQa viuk&viuk
txg ij nsf[kd* ,dVk lUrks"k tdk¡ HksySdA iQsj vksfg fNV~Vkd dksbyk nsf[k iqNyosQdµ
¶,dj ijfeV\¸
iQsdw fljfljkd* Bk<+ Hk* xsyA ,d csj ;kpukd vk¡f[kl¡ xkgdosQa ns[kyd ls /jrh
ij v/t:&chM+h iQsfd cM+ d#.k n`f"V,¡ rdyosQdA vksdjk cwf> iM+Sr NySd tsuk vks
Hkxorhd efg[kkes iM+y gksA lgeSr ckty& ¶fcuk ijfeVsd NS-------¸
iQsdwd eq¡gl¡ vk/k ckr ckgj HksySd ufg dh gjnsoflag xjft mByA vksdj
iQkVy&iQkVy psjk lu vkoktes [kyklh lHkd dksbyk mrjckd >j&>jkgfV Mwch xsySd
vkfd cwf> iM+ySd] tsuk vks >k>jkgfV ,osQ csj [kwc rst Hk* xsySdA iQsdw cq>Sr Ny ts
dh gks;rSd] rsa ewM+h >qdkSus Bk<+ NyA ,fgl¡ vkxk¡ vks fdNq osQ;ks us losQr NyA
gjnsoflagd eq¡gl¡ fcNy&fcNy xkfj lHk vuojr >gfj jgy NySdA thg rrsd
vH;Lr NySd ,fg xkfj lHkd fuekZ.kes ts dusdks lksp* ufg iM+Sd gjnsoflagdA
124 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 lHk lquSr jgyA lqjthvks lqur jgyA vks ,d csj viu ifr fnl rdyd ts vijk/h eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
tdka lHkfdNq lwfu jgy NySdA ;|fi vks vijk/h ufg NyA lqjthosQa cM+ v/ykg yxySd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
gjnsoflag csrqdkj xkfjA vksdjk HksySd ts gjnsoflagd iQksljhlsa Hkjy [khnj&chnj eq¡gosQa [kwc
tksjl¡ HkEgksfM+ yh] uksfp yh] [k[kfg yh] gcfd yh-------eqnk vks pqis jgfy dus dkyA iQsfj
tsuk viukosQa rkSur cktfy------¶xkgdd ijfeV ?kjij NwfV xsyS rsa dksbyku¡ HksVra vksdjk\
gegksa r¡ dgfy,s nS ysyA¸
gjnsoflag ,d csj ?kwfe d* lwjthosQa ns[kyd] vksdj ckfjd cksdkj tsuk ,osQ csj
#fd xsySdA vks ,dne 'kkUr Hk& xsy] tsuk fdNq Hksys us gksbdA tsuk leqnz ,osQ csj miQuk
d* 'kkUr Hk* xsy gks] tsuk fcgkfM+ ,dk,d [kfl iM+y gksA
iQsdwd utfj ekfydjij xsySdµv/sj nsg] [k¼jd /ksrh&dqRrkZ-----lqjth ij utfj
xsySd --------- xksy eq¡g] xksj eq¡g] xksj nsg] vax&vax Hkjy------mrkgqyA mTtj nini cxqykd
ik¡f[k lu lkM+h] lkM+h l¡ >k¡iy&m?kj cSxuh jaxd vkÄh] vÄhl¡ >k¡iy cslqekj tokuhA iQsdw
vuqHko d;yd ts t¡ lqjth lkSals dksbykd <sjh yqVk nsrSd r¡ dksbykd fBosQnkj ekfyd
gjnsoflag fdNq ufg ctrSdA vksdj ,dks jÙkh HkkSa Vs<+ ufg gks;rSdA
vks csypkl¡ dksbyk iQsd* ykxyA gjnsoflagd ckrij {kksHk gksbrSdA ufg Hksy gks;rSd
lsgks ckr ufg rFkkfi---- rFkkfi gjnsoflag drsd ekuSr NySd vksdjk lHkosQaA vksdjk rhuw
csVkosQa] lqjthosQa vk Lo;a vksdjk lkyes nw&,d csj----trjk vk iQxvkes lkSals ?kjosQa u*o
diM+k nSr NySdA rhuw csVkosQa iSaV&deht] lqjthosQa lkM+h] lk;k] Cykmt vk vksdjk /ksrh]
xeNk vk xksy&xyk cyk xathA
gjnsoflag viu fo'kky dksbyk MhiksosQa ,osQ Bkel¡ Bk<+ Hk*d* fujh{k.k d;ydA
dksbykd <sjhd yxes Hkwr Hksy iQsdw dksbykd dksuks iS?k psi lu cwf> iM+ySd vk ,d
fLFkj r`Ir n`f"V osQ'k&ckDl ij nsydA yxses cSlfy lqjthij utfj xsySdA cwf> iM+ySd
tsuk lqjth vksdjk osQ'kcD'k es pkuhd peosQr Vkdk gksbdA vku fnl rkfd ,d csj iQsj
vks lqjthosQa fugkjyosQdA
dksbyk Mhiksd iqckjh dkr dusd Vk ijrh NySd vk ijrhd vksfg dkr gjnsoflagd
MsjkA gjnsoflag viu lkbfdy xqjdcSr Msjk fnl fonk HksyA Msjkd vkxk¡es vksfg ijrhesa nw
Vk [kqV~Vk xkfM+ d* vksfg es ckUgy rkjij /ksrh] lkM+h] lk;k] dqÙkkZ] vkÄh] dPNk] rkSfy;k
lHk lq[kcSr NySdA ifgus ekfydd /ksrh&dPNk] rdjk ckn lqjthd lk;k] lkM+h----mTtj
pkdj&pkdj dksj* vkÄh] gjnsoflagd [k¼jd dqÙkkZ ,d fdukjij iQsdwd eSy fpdkbV
/ksrh yVdy NySdA fnues izk;% dk¡ps lksMj n* d* f[kpus Ny ls ekfj fpfrj&fcfrj
Hk* xsy NySdA ls rsgus yxSr NySd tsuk gjnsoflagd pkdj ihBij flgqyhd mTtj nkxA
iQsdwd utfj vuk;kl viu /ksrh ij py xsySdA /ksrhd vks nkx nsf[k vksdjk viu
Mk¡M+ egd fnuk; eksu ifM+ xsySdA iQsdwosQa ekfydd /ksrh yx viu /ksrh iljy nsf[k
v/ykg yxySdA lqjthd lkM+h] lk;k vk vkÄh osQgunu yxySdA vksdj /ksrh yx NySd
rsa] dh gjnsoflagd /ksrh&dqÙkkZ yx rsa------ ls vks ufg Bsduk ldyA
vks ekfydosQ¡ Msjk fnl c<+y tkbr nsf[k dksbyk mBk;c NksfM+ nsydA csypkosQa
Bkefg iVfd nsydA vk xgdd etqjuhd fNV~Vkd dksbykosQa lfj;k d* mBkc* ykxyA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;125
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl dksbykl¡ dkjh Hkwr lu /wvkij ilsukd V?kkj vkfc xsy NySdA iQsdw ilsuk iksNSr
lqjth yx vkfo d* BkM+ Hk* xsyA vks ,dcsj lqjthd lkSals nsg fugkjyd] vksdjk dikjij
fnVdy osQ'kd ,dVk yVij utfj v¡Vfd xsySdA ,dVk d* yV vksfguk fNVyd jgSr
NySd lqjthosQaA iqu% iQsdwd utfj rkjij yVdy /ksrh&lkM+h lHkij xsySd] gjnsoflagij
xsySdA
gjnsoflag lkbfdyosQa [kqV~Vkl¡ vksBÄk nsus NyA vks rkjij iljy eSydk /ksrh osQa
nsf[k ,osQcsj fHkufd mBy tsuk vksdjk gkFkes vdLekr~ rhu fnuqd eqby NqNqUufj ifM+
xsySdA vks xM+xM+k mByµ ¶osQ bZ f?kuk;y diM+k jkf[k nsyd\ gVk ,djk------¸
vks yxes jk[ky ,dVk iQV~Bhl¡ iQsdwd /ksrhosQa uhpk¡es [klk nsyosQd vk cjMk ij
nS gksbr viuk dksByhes py xsyA
iQsdw ns[kyd] ckty ufg fdNq------lkspyd ufg fdNqA lqjth vksdjk fnl rkfd d*
dgyosQd-------¶tuS NS ts ekfyd f[kfl;kb NS] r¡ fd, VÄyosQ\¸
¶------ge VÄfy,s ls\ NkSaM+k /*nsyosQA¸ iQsdw lÙk ckr ufg ckty NyA NkSaM+k eus
vksdj tsBdk csVk ?kqVjk ufg VÄus NySdA vks vksrsd mQ¡p rkj ufg pwEgSr NSdA
¶egjkth uS tsr¡ trjk ns[k\ tkm us] ugk us vkcmA µNkSaM+klHk osQa cqyk vfur¡-----
--A¸ lqjth dgyosQA
¶----------------?kqVjk dÙk* xsyS] dfu pkfj iSlkcyk lkcqu vkfu fnrSA¸ iQsdwosQa t[ku
dksuks v<+;ckd jgSr NySd ok ykFk yx;ckd jgSr NySd r¡ vks ?kqVjsd uke ySr NyA
¶nsg es yxsr¡\ gejcyk xedkSvk lkcqu yxk us ykS] vghBk¡ NSA vkfu fn,\--------¸
lqjth vkos'kd Lojes cktfyA
¶--------mgq¡] vksfguk ugk vcS fN,s-----¸ iQsdw ckr cnfy ysydA -------¶fcuk lkcqusosQa
ugk yscSA efyd* nsg lkiQ Hk* tsrSA
iQsdw xeNk y* d* iks[kfj fnl pyy r¡ lqjthd utfj vksdjs fnl NySdA ukÄj
gks;ckd dkj.ksa ygfj tdk¡ uhpk¡&mQij gksbr nsgosQa ns[kSr Nfy----dkjh] dksbykd cqduh
HkjyA
iks[kfjl¡ t[ku iQsdw ?kqjy r¡ viu rhuw csVk ?kqVjk] eÄyk vk vljiQh;k osQa uodk
iSaV&deht ifgjus Bk<+ ns[kydA dkfYg[ku bZ diM+k lHk ekfyd fduk nsus NySdA lqjth,
ctkjl¡ vuus NySd eksVk ckfUg d*A
vks ,d csj rhuw csVkosQa csjk&csjh ns[kyd] vljiQh;kd iSaV&dehtij fufe"k Hkfjysy
utfj FkfEg xsySdA vks ?kqjk vk eÄykl¡ cslh fpDdu NySd] peosQr NySdA iQsj lqjthd
v/cfg;k¡ cSxuh vkÄhij utfj xsySd] lÙks cM+ uhd yxSr NfyA
lqjth jkfr[ku lc diM+k ns[kcSr dgus jgSd------¶vkÄhd bZ diM+k ekfyd viusl¡
fcNyosQA cM+ iflUu iM+S NS jaxA¸
¶vk lwjthd nsg ij vkjks iflUu iM+Sr gks;rSdA¸
lqjth t[ku vks diM+k lHk ns[kcSr NySd r¡ vksdjk eq¡g ij fMfc;kd btksr uhd
tdk¡ iM+Sr NySdA iQsdwosQa cwf> iM+ySd tsuk lqjthd eq¡g xeosQr gksbdA HksySd ts bZ xed
126 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
yfxrs jg;A HksySd ts lqjthd eq¡g viuk fnl [khfp yhA eqnk ls lHk fdNq us d;us NyA eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
[k[kkj iQsdckd ykFksa ckgj py vk;y NyA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
jkrqd ckr lHk tsuk vksdjk eksu ifM+ xsySdA vks gk¡b&gk¡b viu iqjudk /ksrh ifgj*
ykxyA
¶------ejA uodk /ksrh&xath uS ifgjrS\ vkb HkxoÙkhd trjk NSA¸ lqjth iqNyosQdA
¶------ejcfgaA Mkdd dgch eksu uS NS ts eÄyk ekj; tkul¡] vkb eÄy NS*u*c
cLrj dksuk ifgfj,s\¸
¶----trjk fnu bZ lc uS /Sy tkbNSA¸ lqjth cktfyA
¶----------,[ku ;Sg ighfj yS fN,sA¸ bZ dgSr iQsdw viu <sdk [kksafl ysydA
ekfyd gjnsoflag lkbfdy xqM+dkSus vkfc xsy NySdA lqjthl¡ fnu Hkfjd fglkc
ysc* yxySdA gjnsoflag ufg jgSr Ny r¡ lqjth, fglkc j[kSr NySdA lqjth;ks ufg jgySd
r¡ iQsdw fglkc j[kSr NyA
gjnsoflag uksVosQa mijdkes vk jstdhosQa fupydk tsch es [klk nsydA ,dcsj >Uu
n* mBySdA
gjnsoflag vk lqjth r[ku vkeus lkeus Bk<+ NyA cxqykd ikaf[klu /ksrh&dqÙkkZ]
rwjd iQkgk lu lqjthd lkM+h] lkM+h rj es pded djSr gfj;j NhVd lk;kA Mk¡M+ l¡ mQij
fNfM+vk;y vk¡pjA mHkjy nsgij dly cSxuh jaxd Cykmt-----r*j es nw vkÄqjd iQhrk lu
mTtj&mTtj ?ksjkA lqjth ns[kckes cM+ nhc yxSr NyA ls uhd yfxrks] ,dne ufg uhd
yxySd iQsdwosQa gjnsoflagd vkxk¡es Bkf<+ lqjthA
gjnsoflagd lk¡ld clkr lqjthd eq¡gij] Nkrhij iM+Sr NySd-----fNVdygk yV
d¡iSr NySdA
iQsdw viu ekFk ?kqek ysyd rhuw csVk fnlA N cj[kd ?kqVjk ------eSyNkSg cdysy
tdk¡A ik¡p cj[kd eÄyk-----dus---iQfjPN] iQq£rxj] vk lk<+s rhj ok[kd vljiQh;k---------
xksj] FkqyFkqykg lu] ctckes BslxjA eÄykd xjnfues njksxkthd nsy lksud gyqekuh-------
--eSy] dkjh Mksjkes xk¡FkdyA vks ,dcsj iQsj lqjth fnl rkfd viu fHktykgk /ksrh&xeNk
fejpS;kd iQquxhij ilkj* ykxyA
gjnsoflag fglkc y*d* ikNka ?kqey r¡ rhuw NkSaM+kij utfj iM+ySdA
¶------dh js HkqVdqu lHkA trjkd esyk ns[k* tscs\¸ gjnsoflag tschl¡ fudkfy d*
,d&,d Vk pkSvUuh ?kqvjk vk eÄykd gkFkes n* nsyosQdA ,dVk vBUuh vljiQh;kd
gkFkes nSr dgyosQd------¶rksa lHkl¡ NksV NSa rSa lcl¡ cslh ysA¸ v ,dVk gYyqd lu pVdu
vksdjk xky ij yxk nsyosQdA
NkSaM+k lHk [kq'kh l¡ fcg¡fl mByA gjnsoflag eqlfd mByA ,d csj iQsj vljiQh;k
fnl] nkslj csj lqjth fnl vk rslj csj dksbykd ,sjh fnl] viu xzhu jSys lkbfdy fnl
rdydA laHko NySd lqjthd Bksjij lsgks eqlqdh vkfc tSrSd vks vk¡f[kd ckek dksj n*
>gfj tSrSdA eqnk ls ufg HksySdA lqjthd Bksjij eqldh vcSr&vcSr ufg v;ySdA
gjnsoflag iSfMy ij iSj jkf[k fonk Hk* xsyA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;127
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl iQsdw viu /ksrh ilkfj d* ugw¡&ug¡w vk;y r¡ NkSaM+k lHkd gkFk es ikb ns[kyosQdA
fcuk dksuks vko'p;Z iqNyosQd&¶osQ nsyosQ\¸
¶---------ekfydA¸ lqjth ,d 'kCnl¡ iQkfty ufg cktfyA
¶-------r y*d* jkf[k ysrS ls ufg\ drkS gsjk&<sjk tsrSrA¸
¶-----csl r* -----------* la{ksi es ctSr lqjth rhuwd gkFkl¡ ikb y* vk¡pjes ckUg*
ykxfyA
rhuw NkSaM+k gkIiQq Hk* xsy eqnk lqjthd Mjsa fdNq ufg cktyA dfg;ks dky lqjthd
rsgu eqag Hk* tkbr NySd ts NkSaM+k lHk ldnEe Hk* tkbr NySdA vkb vksgus eqag Hk*
xsy NySd lqjthdA
¶----------py] py] f>Yyh&dpqjh fduk fn;kS rksjk lHkosQaA¸ iQsdw cqf> xsy] rhuw
csVkd eksu eyku Hk* xsySdA rhuw NkSaM+k osQa ,[ku ek;l¡ cslh uhd yxySd ckiA {k.k Hkfjd
ysy vksdjk lHkd eksues HksySd ts cki ek; cfu tSr;A
lk¡> Hksy tkbr NySdA ifPNe fnl fVlud vksfg ikj vked cM+dk xk¡Nhl¡ vkjks
ifPNe lq#t Mwc* ysy mrkgqy Hksy nkSM+y tkbr NyA egjkthd trjkd reklk ns[kck
ysy nsgkr lHkl yksd nqydh ekjus V?kjy vcSr NyA lkSals egjkth relxhj lHkl¡ Hkfj
xsy gks;rSdA
iQsdw t[ku py* ykxy r¡ lqjth VksdyosQd------¶vksegjl¡ vcSr&r cM+h jkfr Hk*
tsrSA ,Ùks nwj pySes Fkkfd uS tsrS\ fjDlk d* ysrS ls uS\¸
lqjthd ckr uhd yxyS iQsdwosQaA lqjth t[ku vk¡pj osQj xhjg [kksy* ykxfy] tkfg
es NkSaM+k lHkd ikb ckUgy NySd eus gjnsoflagd nsy vBUuh&pkSvUuh ckUgy NySd-----rsa
vksdj eksu dksuknu dj* yxySdA vks dgyosQd µ ¶NksfM+us nkS] vksfguk py ,cSA drs
nwj NSgs egjkth\¸
,d csj vks viu ukÄj iSj vk rhuw NkSaM+kosQa rdyd vk fonk Hk* xsyA
lqjth eerkl¡ ns[k* ykxfy viu ?kjcykd ukÄj iSjosQaA eksu iM+ySd viu xedkSvk
lkcqu----ekfydd nsy eksVdk /ksrh&xath---vk¡pj es ckUgy vBUuh&pkSvUuh-------gjnsoflagd
vBUuh&pkSvUuhA lkeus ns[kyd viu ?kjcykosQa -----ufg ysyosQd------fdNq ufg ysyosQd
iQsdwA lqjthd eksu vksd;kf; yxySdA vksdj nsg ?ke?kek xySdA ck¡fg vk Nkrh dlelk
mBySdA HksySd ts iQsdw vkcSd vk xÙkj&xÙkjosQa chft nS----epksfM+ nSd----------HksySd ts
vkÄh&lk;k lHkosQa fjÙkh&fjÙkh d* iQkfM+&phjh d* iQsfd nh vk nkSfM+ d* viu ?kjcykd
fejpS;kij iljy eSydk&iQVykgk /ksrh ifgfj yh----nsg m/kj jgrS] r¡ jgrS-------------Nkrh
m?kkj ngrS---------r¡ jgr¡---------Nkrhd lEifÙk >k¡iy uS jgrS r¡ u¡ jgrSA
lqjthosQa eksu iM+yS eksaNcyk njksxk vk [kksnj&cksnj eqagcyk gjnsoflagA lks>k¡es
ns[kyd gyqekuhcyk eÄykosQa vk FkqyFkqygk vljiQh;kosQa ------HksySd ts vksfg nwuw csV d
eqagij Fkwd /* nh vk ?kqVjkosQa Nkrhes lesfV yh-------- ?kjctkl¡ lfV d* Bkf<+ Hk* tkb]
,dne lfV d* ts yksd nsf[krs ekÙkj cwf> t; ts bZ nquw csdrh ------iQsdw vk lqjth
-------lqjth vk iQsdw -------chp es ?kqVjk ------iQsdw &?kqVjk&lqjth---lqjth&?kqVjk&iQsdw------A
128 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 lqjth fdNq us d;ydA vks [kkyh lr`".k utfjl¡ iQsdw fnl rosQr jgfyA ,[ku eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
t¡ iQsdw vksdjk fnl ,dks utfj rfdrSd rsa vks ve`rl¡ ugk tkbrA lkSals nsg iQsdwd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
n`f"Vd vle`rl¡ Hkhft tSrSd] rhfr tSrSd] eqnk ls lc HksySd ufg] iQsdw vksdjk fnl ufg
rdyosQdA vks rhuw NkSaM+kosQa vkxk¡] vkxk¡ g¡dus tkbr jgyA lqjthd fujk'k n`f"V py tkbr
jgySd vksdjk ikNk¡&ikNk¡A
Vhlul¡ mÙkj] jsyoh ykbul¡ iwc f>Yyh&dpqjhd nksdkuA fjDlkoyk lHk /q/uh
iQ¡osQr NyA eksfn;kbfu fcdjh&cV~Vkes ykxfy Nfy] fjDlkoyk lHkd utfj NySd vksdj
csVh fnl] ts dpqjh NuSr NySdA
iQsdqvksosQa uhd yxySd eksfn;kbfud csVh----------?kke vk ilsukl¡ Hkjy eq¡gA vks
ckty& ¶eksfn;kbuh] [kqvkm fdNqA¸ -------dpqjh Nukb NS VVdkA¸ eqg iQsjd* eksfn;kbfu
dgyfu& ¶sVh] es cqfp;k;kA gtjkosQa pk¡fjVk dqM+dqM+ d* dpqjh nh r*A¸
pkSdhnkjth iQsdwosQa ekuSr NSd eksfn;kbfuA vUgfj;k jkfres iQsadw vksdjk yx vkfc
d* Vk¡fg n* tkbr NSd rhu csj d*A
cqfp;k vksdjk dpqjh nse* v;ySdA iQsdw viu gkFk vksfj nsyd dpqjh ysckd
ysy] eqnk ,gulu cwf> iM+Sr NySd tsuk vksdj gkFks ysc* ysy viu rjgRFkh vksjus gksA
vksdjk cqfp;kd gkFk cM+uhd yxySdA HksySd ts nwfc fn,sd vksfg gkFkosQaA duh Nqfc;ks
nsus NySdA eqnk r[kus iyHkfj ysy vk¡f[k ij lqjth vkfc xsySdA ls rfguk] tsuk jkfr d*
eksfn;kbfud ?kj yx Bgd* dky cqfp;kd [kksa[kh lqfu d* eksu lLi`g Hk* mBSr NSd vk
r[kus lqjth eksu ifM+ tkbr NSdA
iQsdw mtcqtk xsy ts cqfp;kd gkFk uhsd dh lqjthdA
vks ,d&,dVk dpqjh rhuw NksaM+kosQa nsyosQd vk ,dVk viuk eq¡g es /* ysydA
----------¶eksfn;kbfu] Nh ikbd f>Yyh fn;A¸ iQsdw cktyA
cqfp;kl¡ f>Yyh ysyd r¡ iQsdwd utfj iM+ySd eÄyk] vksdj lksud gyqekuh-----
-vljiQh;k] vksdj FkqyFkqy nsg] vksdj fpDdu iSaV dehtA iQsdw Nu Hkfjd ysy fcyfHk
xsyA dh us dh lksfpd] ,dVk f>Yyh vljiQh;kd gkFkes] ,dVk eÄykd gkFkes n*d*
pfjVk ?kqVjkd gkFkes n* nsyosQd ts ,d dkres Bk<+ NyA
eÄyk relk xsy eqnk ckty ufgA vljiQh;k ,dVk f>Yyh nsf[k d* fcjguh Hk*
xsy----¶uS ysc---- ge uS ysc¡ ---ge ----u¡----¸ vks gkFk&iSj iVd* ykxyA
iQsdw vksdjk ckSalSr dgyosQd& ¶ts lcl¡ NksV jgS N¡ rdjk lcl¡ de HksV¡ N¡----
ifgus bZ [kk us ys----¸
vljiQh;k pqu ufg HksySdA vks vkjks fNfM+;k; ykxyA iQsdwosQa cM+ tksj rkel HksySdA
rkcres eÄyk lsgks vkiV [klc* yxySdA vks nk¡r ihlSr ckty------¶lkj] yS tkg us r¡
BksaBs idfM+d* mBk d* ctkfj nsc* ts efj, tscg-----¸
fufe'k Hkfjd ysy vksdjk vk¡f[k es lqjthd fp=k vkfc xSysd ts vks igjkl¡ vcSr
Ny r¡ dfg;ks&dfg;ks d* ns[kSr NySd] lqjthd vylky;&>ekjy nsg] fNfM+vk;y osQ'k]
mrjy eq¡g] dMqvk;y vk¡f[k] d#.k] fody vk foo'k vk¡f[k] fclfclkbr vax] fo#>y
eksuA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;129
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl iQsdw vkxk¡ lksfp ufg ldyA NkSVk f>Yyh vkjks ysyd] nw&nwVk d* rhuw NkSaM+kosQa n*
nsyosQdA vkc vljiQh;k vk eÄykosQa rhu&rhu Vk HksySd vk ?kqVjkosQa NkSVkA iQsdw f>YyhosQa
cjkofj&cjkcfj cVckes tsuk vleFkZ NyA ?kqVjkosQa c[kjkes cslh nsckd vksdjk vH;kl Hk*
xsy NyS fdUrq eÄyk vks vljiQh;kosQa fdNq ufg nsc vksdjk ysy vlaHko Hk* tkbr NySdA
vksdjk ekFkes ?kwfe xsySd njksxk vk gjnsoflagA lks>kaes NySd cqfp;kA eqnk rS;ks
vksdjk lqjthd LFkkues ufg cSlk ldy---ck¡fp xsySd [kkyh lqjthA
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkk oLrq%&1965 bZ- es Niy ,fg dFkkes thoud ;FkkFkZosQ¡ lgtrkl¡ Lohdkj djSr
mRo`Q"V ys[kd mnkgj.k izLrqr Hksy vfNA ,fges dFkk vfN ,dVk xjhc vikfgt pkSdhnkj
vk dks;yk fMiksd] csypk etwj isQowQ vk vksdj iRuh lqjthd ts ,dnksljkl¡ vlhe izse
djSr vfN eqnk vksdj Hkw[k&xjhch vksdj thouosQ¡ rsukosQ¡ foo'k djSr vfN ts isQowQd
lqUnj iRuh lwjth Mhiks ekfyd gjnso¯lg vk njksxkd ;kSu lsfodk cuy jgSr vfN vk
rkfg ifj.kkes vksdjk nwuwl¡ ,d ,dVk csVk gks,r vfNA ,fg jgL;osQ¡ nwuw ifr&iRuh cq>Sr
vfN eqnk dksuks izfrfozQ;k ufg djSr vfNA isQowQ osQ¡ rhu Vk csVk vfN tkfges ifgy ?kqVjk
vksdj vIiu csVk vfNA nkslj csVk eaxyk lqjth vk gjnso¯lgd vk rslj csVk vljfiQ;k
njksxk vk lqjthdA t[ku d[kuks vksdjk volj HksVS vks viu fo'ks"k Lusg ?kqVjk ij cjlkcSA
varr% rhuks csVk NyS lqjthd vk ,fg rF;l¡ vutku rhuks csVk isQowQ,osQ¡ viu vly cki
cq>Sr Ny vk ,fg rjgs ¡ isQowQd ân; ,d [khjk rhu iQkades c¡VSy NyA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&dFkkdkj viu dFkk oSf'k"V~;d dkj.k ikBdes fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k
mRiUu djSr NfFku vks dksuks okn ok ca/ues ufg ckUgy jgSr NfFkA dFkkosQ¡ viu okLrfod
/jkry ij uSl£xd :il¡ fodflr gkse¿ nSr NfFkuA eSfFkyh dFkkd vusd vuNqvy izlax
fgudj dFkkes cM~M csckdhl¡ izdV Hksy vfNA [kkldfjosQ¡ mPp oxZ }kjk fuEu oxZd
vk£Fkd 'kks"k.kd lax&lax ;kSu 'kks"k.kosQ¡ viu dFkkes ns[kkj d;yfu vksgks jktdey vk
yfyr l¡ fHkUu 'kSyhes fcuk ykx yisVdA ;kSu 'kks"k.kosQ¡ lektd ,dVk jksxd :ies r¿
jk[kcs d;yfu laxfg fuEuoxZ }kjk ,djk viu thoud fu;fr tdk¡ ekfu ysckd izo`fÙk ij
[kkgs lekykspd iz'ufpfUgr utkfj mBkcfFk eqnk bZ lektd dBksj ;FkkFkZ vfNA ,d [khjk
rhu iQkadl¡ euqd larku /fj cM~M lks> iFk ij ,fg /kj.kkosQ¡ vks LFkkfir d;us NfFkuA
,fg dFkkes lsgks ukV~dh; laokn] euksfo'ys"k.kkRed fo'ys"k.k vk dFkk izokges dFkkosQ¡
,dVk Li"V ifj.kfr ij lekIr d;us NfFkA bZ rF; ifjos'kxrs ufg vfN dksuks dkyfo'ks"k
vk LFkku fo'ks"kd lR; vfNA
mís';%&lkekftd ifjorZud chp mPp oxZ vk fuEu oxZd laca/d lhekosQ¡ cM~M
lw{erkl¡ mn~?kkfVr djSr tsuk mPp oxZosQ¡ ,fg xyrhd izfr lpsr djSr NfFku vk fuEu
oxZ osQ¡ fu;frd [ksy ekfu pqi jfg lgckd oqQizo`fÙkl¡ ckgj fudyckd lus'k nSr NfFkuA
lrgh :ies dFkk ijr&ijr [kqtSr vfN eqnk ;FkkfLFkfrosQ¡ jgL;d inkZ es ufg uqdkosQ¡
dFkkdkj vksdjk ns[kkj djSr NfFkuA
130 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 O;k[;k eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
lHk lquSr jgyA lqjthvks lquSr jgy vks viu ifr fnl rdyd ts vijk/h tdk¡ dkek[;k nsoh
lHk fdNq lqfu jgy NySdA ;|fi vks vijk/h ufg NyA lqjthosQ¡ cM+ v/ykg yxySd
gjnso¯lgd csrqdkj xkfjA vksdjk HksySd ts gjnso¯lgd iQksljhl¡ Hkjy [khnj&chnj eq¡gosQ¡
[kwc tksjl¡ HkEgksfM+yh] uksfpyh] [k[kksfM+yh] gcdhyh ----------- eqnkvks pqIis jgy dus dkyA
isQj tsuk viukosQ¡ rkSySr cktfy ------------ xkgd ijfeV ?kj ij NqfV xsyS rs ¡ dksbyk uS HksVrS
vksdjk\ gegha r¡ dgfy,s nS ysyA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr dF;ka'k Mk- Jh jkenso >k fojfpr dFkk ¶,d [khjk rhu iQkad¸
l¡ ysy xsy vfNA o.kZu ozQees dFkkdkj dksbyk fMiks ij ?kVy ,dVk ?kVukd o.kZu dfj
jgy NfFkuA
lanHkZ%&gfjnso¯lgd dksbyk fMiks es vksdj vuqifLFkfres isQowQ vk vksdj iRuh
lqjth pksjk uqdkosQ¡ xkgdosQ¡ dksbyk csfp jgy vfN ,fg n`';osQ¡ nsf[k gfjnso¯lg isQowQosQ¡
[kjki&[kjki xkfj i<+Sr vfNA r[kusd n`'; o.kZu ,fgBke vfNA
HkkokFkZ%&isQowQ csypk etwj vfN gjnso¯lgd dksbyk fMikses xjhc&xqjck d,d csj
pksjh&uqdh dfjosQ¡ lsgks vfrfjDr vk; djckd iz;kl djSr vfNA ,gu fLFkfr xkeks/j es
iQly dVkbZ dky ns[kck ysy HksVSr vfNA ,fg pksjh&uqdhosQ¡ vks vijk/ ufg cq>Sr vfNA
viu volj vk pkykdh cq>Sr vfN t¡ dFkafpr idM+k tk; r¿ eqM+h xksfr xkfj iQ>Sr
lfg ySr vfNA eqnk tkfg rjgs¡ lqjthd Vksdjk ij gjnso¯lg pqi Hk¿ tk,r vfN ls dFkkosQ¡
,dVk vudgy lw=k n¿ nSr vfNA voS/ laca/d bZ vlfj cM~M LokHkkfod vfNA ,fg
mfDres lSg vkfcr gks,r vfNA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&dFkkdkj jkenso >k viu dFkkes ekuoh; laosnukd lgt
/jkryosQ¡ lkdkj djkcSr izLrqr gksbr NfFkA ,fg dFkkes lsgks thoud ;FkkFkZosQ¡ lgtrkl¡
Lohdkj djSr ik=k vk rdj O;ogkj y¿ izLrqfr NfFkA izR;sd ?kVuk mi?kVukes ts
LokHkkfodrk vfN ls ikBddl¡ l|% dusDV gks,r vfNA Hkk"kk lsgks ik=kd ;FkkFkZ
fp=k.kes lgk;d gks,r vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR;131
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
6- ,d ih<+hd varj (dFkk) dFkkdkj izks- jkteksgu >kd

izks- jkteksgu >kd voknku

Jh jkteksgu >k fo'kq¼ dFkkdkj NfFk&ltZukRed lkfgR;d vku dksuks fo/k fnl
bZ ysyuh ufg mBcSr NfFk] dFks ek=kes viukosQ¡ lhfer jkf[k viu lEiw.kZ izfrHkkosQ¡ ,djs
lt;ck&ped;ckes yxk jgy NfFkA eSfFkyhes fy[kc 'kq: d;us Nykg dforkl¡ vo';]
fdUrq fdNq, fnud ckn bZ vuqHko d;yfu ts vks fgudk ysy mi;qDr feJk ufg NyfuA
ifgy dFkk ;|fi lrkcud bLohes ^iYyo*es Niy Nfu] fdUrq lkre n'kdl¡ fu;fer
:is ¡ i=k&if=kdkes fgud dFkk Ni¿ yxyfuA v|kof/ bZ lkfBl¡ mQij dFkk fyf[k pqdykg
vfNA dFkkd rhu Vk laxzgks izdkf'kr Nfu&,d vkfn% ,d vUr (1965)] >wB&lkp
(1972)] ,d Vk rslj (1974)A
bZ fdNq mRo`Q"V dksfVd lekykspuk lsgks fy[kyfu vfNA ,gu fgud drksd jpuk
fofHkUu i=k&if=kdkes NiSr jgy vfNA vksghes l¡ ckjg xksV lekykspukRed fucU/d laxzg
^xYrhukek*d ukel¡ 1973 es izdkf'kr Hksy vfNA
fgud lEiknu&n`f"V vks dkS'ky drsd mPpLrjh; vfN rdj izek.k =kSekfld if=kdk
^vkjaHk*d pk: vad fFkd] ts eSfFkyh if=kdkd ekby LVksu* dgy tk loSQr vfNA
lkfgfR;drk fgud ifjokjd dkSfyd oLrq fFkdfuA bZ viu ifjokjd rslj ih<hd
dFkkdkj fFkdkgA firkeg iafMr tuknZu >k ^tulhnu* vks firk izks- gfjeksgu >kd lkfR;e;
okrkoj.kes ikfyr jkteksgu >k efLRk"d vks ân;l¡ lkfgfR;d lq:fp&lEiUu yksd NfFkA
fgud tUe 27 vxLr 1934 bZ- osQ¡ Hksy NfuA euksfoKkues ,l-,-d;ykd ckn bZ fcgkj
ljdkjd Je ,oa fu;kstu foHkkxes inkf/dkjh Hk¿ xsykg] tkfg in ij vFkkfof/ dk;Z'khy
NfFkA
^,d vkfn% ,d vUr* vks ^>wB&lk¡p* nquw laxzges ckjg&ckjg Vk dFkk lax`ghr vfN
rFkk ^,d Vk rslj*es ,oSQl Vk dFkkA
fgud dFkkd oLrq ekuo&eud dksuks lw{e xzfUFk gksbN] tdjk bZ oqQ'kyrkiwoZd
[kksfy nSr NfFkA ifjos'kd ,d&,d rUrqosQ¡ trsd ckjhdhl¡ bZ idM+SRk NfFk rrsd eSfFkyhd
dksuks vku dFkkdkj ufgA
fud dFkk&oLrqd izlax izks- 'kSysUnz eksgu >k dgSr NfFk&¶dFkk fy[kckd lkekU;
iQkeZwykl¡ g¡fV bZ dFkkudd p;u djSr NfFk ts loZFkk uohu vks ân;xzkgh gksbNA fgud
dgkuhosQ¡ if<+ izzrhr gksbN ts dgkuhdkj dFkk:f<+] dFkkoLrq ,oa ?kVukozQed ijEijkxr
Lo:iosQ¡ R;kfx dgkuhd ysy ,d Vk lgt Hkwfe izLrqr djckd fn'kkes iz;Ru'khy NfFkA
iQyr% fgud dgkuhlHkd liQyrk dksuks vk'p;Ztud ?kVukd vorkj.kkes ufg vfN] us
dksuks pjelhekd oqQ'ky fuokZges] vfirq ek=k ,d Vk Hkko vFkok fLFkfrosQ¡ oLrq:ies xzg.k
d¿ bZ thoud }U} ,oa tfVyrkosQ¡ izdV djckes leFkZ Hksykg vfNA¸
Hkk"kkd mRo`Q"Vrk fgud dFkkosQ¡ vfrfjDr xq.koÙkk iznku djSNA fgud Hkk"kk us
dkO;d ok;q;kuij mM+Sr vfN] us njkfM+ x|d ck/es BslSr vfN vfirq x|d dksey
lery Hkwfeij >weSr pySr vfN] >wecSy y¿ pySr vfNA
132 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 fgud dFkk nsgkrd dFkk ufg dgSN] nsgkrhd dFkk ufg dgSN] 'kgje cly] eè;e eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
vk eè;e&fuEu oxZd ifjokjd dFkk dgSNA dFkk dgSN&f[kLlk ufgA fgud dFkkes f[kLlk (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
ufg HksVSNA rs ¡ ,dj vFkZ bZ ufg ts dF; ufg jgSNA ts dF; ddjks d[kuks g¡lckes jgSN]
ddjks d[kuks [kkS>;ckes jgSN] ddjks d[kuks mf}Xurkes jgSN] ddjks d[kuks lansges jgSN_
lansg&HkXues jgSN] ddjks d[kuks vkscsles jgSN] :lc&cks ¡ lces jgSN] ddjks d[kuks fdNq
lkspces jgSN&rkfg DF;osQ¡ ySr&vksdj jgL;d tkyhosQ¡ iQkM+Sr] fdUrq vksdj fNrjk;y
rkxosQ¡ viu fof'k"V f'kYies cquSr&fgud dFkk c<+Sr vfNA rs ¡ fgud dFkk euqD[kd cgfj;k
gypyd dFkk vksrsd ufg vfN] trsd vksdj eues pySr fopkjd Vªsud /ed vkypdd
dFkk vfNA fdUrq] vksfg VsªuosQ¡ fgud dFkk LVs'ku igq¡pk nSr vfN] ikBdosQ¡ pySr Vsªud
ikNk¡ nkSfM+rs ufg NksfM+ nSr vfNA fgud ik=kd ruko ikBdd ruko Hk¿ tkbr vfN vk
fgud ik=kd ruko&eqfDrl¡ ikBdks vkLofLrd lk¡l ySr vfN&ikBdd lax ,rsd l/u
vkReh;rk LFkkfir djc dFkkdkjd fof'k"V lkeF;Z |ksrd fFkd&lkeF;Z dF;ksd] f'kYiksd
vk Hkk"kkd lsgksA
ekuo&euksfoKkud lw{e fo'ys"k.k fgud dF;d fof'k"V xq.k fFkdA fgud izk;%
izR;sd dFkkd ik=k ekufld rukoes jgSNA vksdj rukoosQ¡ vfHkO;fDr nsckes dFkkdkj lHk
Bke liQy Hksy NfFkA ¶;¡g gsrq vfN ts lw{el¡ lw{e fLFkfr {kf.kdl¡ {kf.kd ekufld
mQgkiksg ,oa NksVl¡ NksV vuqHkwfr dFkkdkjd lgt Li'kZl¡ leLr ikBdleqnk;osQ¡ HkkokfHkHkwr
djckes l{ke Hksy vfNA¸
fgud dksuks&dksuks dFkk nw&nw rhu&rhu leku Lrjij vkxk¡ c<+SN vk vUres tkd¿
[kft tkbNA mnkgj.kd :ies ^;q¼---;q¼---;q¼---*osQ¡ ysy tk loSQNA ¶r`rh; Hkkjr&ikd
;q¼d i`"BHkwfees fy[ky xsy bZ dFkk ,osQ lax ns'k] ifjokj rFkk O;fDr vUreZues pySr
;q¼d fLFkfrosQ¡ lgt&LokHkkfod vfHkO;fDr nsyd vfNA¸ ;Sg dkj.k fFkd ts bZ dksuks
[kkl ^lanHkZd lhekosQ¡ rksfM+ 'kk'or izHkkod dFkk* Hk¿ xsy vfNA
fgud dFkkd ewy izo`fÙkosQ¡ fo'ysf"kr djSr oqQykuUn feJ ,d Bke dgus NfFk&l?ku
vk fojy ekuoh; laosxd vR;ar lqoqQekj o`fÙk lHkij vk/kfjr jkteksgu >kd dFkk&iQyd
cM+ NksV Nfu] eqnk cM+ thoUr NfuA ekufld /jkryij iM+Sr vFkZru=kd izHkkoes
cuSr&fcxM+Sr eè;oxhZ; lEcU/ vk jkx&mijkx vk viu lhfer lkeF;Zij >[kSr gqud
oxZ&psruk jkteksgu >kd dFkk&laosnukosQ¡ eksgd vk je.kh; fVidkjh lax :ikf;r djSNA
jkteksgu >kd /M+oSQr Hkk"kk&laosnuk fgud dFkkd vkRekosQ¡ lqoqQekj izk.koÙkk iznku djSr
NfuA vuxZy] na'k] vIiu Ùkksd] fcpyk le;] ;q¼----;q¼----;q¼ vk ,dVk rslj lu d;kes
jkteksgu >kd fo"k;d izfr mRo`QV vkReh;rk] /M+oSQr Hkk"kk&laosnuk vk eksul¡ fiQfu'k
d;y f'kYid NVk ns[ky tk loSQNA¸
eSfFkyh vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr dFkklaxzges dFkkdkjd ifjp;d dees fgudkij
dgy xsy ckr fgud dFkkd lHk ewy foUnqosQ Li'kZ djSr vfN& ¶NksV&NksV ikfjokfjd
fLFkfrd lgt vfHkO;fDr fgud dFkkes cM+ LokHkkfod <+axl¡ Hksy vfNA ik=kd eukstaxrosQ¡
[kksfyd¿ jk[kc] cnySr lkekftd ewY;d lanHkZes laca/ osQ¡ O;k[;kf;r djc vk vk/qfud
eè;e oxhZ; 'kgjh thoud folaxfr] vkMEcj] oqQ.Bk vkfnosQ¡ ^fiu&Iokb.V* djc fgud
dFkkd ewy foUnq jgSNA ¶lkef;d cks/l¡ tqM+y dF; y¿ uo vk;ke rdckd izo`fÙk
eSfFkyh lkfgR;133
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl fgud d;kes HksVSr vfNA Hkk"kkd lgtrk vk f'kYixr oSf'k"V~; fgud d;kd viu iQjkd
ifgpku cuk ySr vfNA¸
dFkklaxzgd Hkwfedkes fgud fdNq d;kd mnkgj.k n¿ mfDrosQ¡ vkj Li"V djckd
ps"Vk d;y xsySd vfN&¶Jh jkteksgu >kd ^vIiu yksd* dFkkes VwVSr lEcU/osQ¡ r¡ ns[kkj
d;ys xsy vfN] vkfFkZd dkj.kl¡ mRiUu vkUrfjd 'kwU;rkd euksoSKkfud :i lsgks HksVSNA
fgud ^vuxZy* dFkk ns[kcSr vfN ts HkkM+kijd ?kjd eksg yksdosQ¡ Hk¿ loSQr NSd] vksdj
cnyckd ihM+k euq[kd fuÂosQ¡] lq[k&'kkfUr osQ¡ Hkax d¿ loSQr vfN] eqnk iRuhosQ¡ NksM+ckes
vksdjk dksuks d"V ufg gksbNA oLrqr% fofHkUu Lrjij ekuoh; ladVosQ¡ vUrjax cukdj
ns[kckd ts dkS'ky jkteksgu >kd dFkkes HksVSN] ls vku d;kdkjes ufgA jkteksgu >kd
^,d Vk rslj* vku D;ks ufg] viu Nk;k fFkd ts d[kuks pSu ufg ysc¿ nSNA¸
vkikrdkyhu fLFkfrd yxys ckn fgud dFkk izdkf'kr Hksy&^vUrr%*A 'kgjes
fctyh xqEHk Hksykij ?kjes vk ckgj ts lUukVk vkfc tkbN] vknad ilfj tkbN&eues ukuk
izdkjd Hk; iSfl tkbN&lHkd cM+ lVhd vk lw{e o.kZu vfNA fctyh vkfc t;ckd
dkeuk&vksdj izrh{kk&isQj fujk'kk] fdarq gBkr~ pd~n¿ ?kj ckgj Hk¿ mBc vk izdk'kd vksfg
Lokxres mBy ?kksyes vutku viuks Loj lfEEkfyr Hk¿ tk;c&vkikrdky vk vksdj cknd
?kVukd lanHkZes ,dne lVhd cSlSNA tdjk vkikrdkyes dksuks izdkjd ;kruk ufg;ks HksVy
jgSd] vksgks rRdkyhu ljdkjd irul¡ izlUu Hksy] mYykles vutkus viuksosQ¡ lkfu ysydA
izks- 'kSysUnz eksgu >kd bZ dFku v{kj'k% lkFkZd vfN&¶jkteksgu thd dgkuhes
fdNq ,gu vfN ts ikBdd ekuld vUrLryes mrfj] txk nSr vfN&vk vks vfN
thoud fujUrj izokfgr /kjkA ,fg izokgd vuqlj.k djSr dgkuhdkj lkekU; thoud
vHkko&vfHk;ksx] vk'kk&vkdka{kk] usg&Nksg] oqQ.Bk&fonzksgd fo'ys"k.k d;us NfFkaA fgud
vusd dFkk eè;e oxZd vUrZn`f"V ,d ,d Vk rgosQ¡ [kksfyd¿ j[kckd lkeF;Z j[kSr vfN
tkfges vkfFkZd n`f"Vl¡ VqVSr lektd eeZO;Fkk O;aftr Hksy vfNA¸
jkteksgu >k vksgu l'kDr dFkk&f'kYih NfFk ts oká txrd lk/kj.kl¡ lk/kj.k
oLrqosQ¡] thoud dksuks {k.kes ?kVy ekewyhl¡ ekewyh ?kVukosQ¡ idfM+ d¿ vksdj r¿g /
fj tkbr NfFk rFkk vksdj leLr laHkkoukosQ¡ fo'ysf"kr djSr NfFkA vr,o fgud dFkkd
jlkLoknu djckd ysy ,d Vk fodflr efLr"d pkgh] dFkkd lw{erkosQ¡ idM+ck ysy
euksoSKkfud cks/ pkghA osQoy f[kLlk rdfugkj fgud dFkkl¡ fujk'k Hk¿ loSQr NfFkA
viu ih<+hes] eSfFkyhes viuk rjgd bZ izk;% ,dek=k dFkkdkj NfFk ts eSfFkyh
dFkkes euksoSKkfud rRo Hkfjd¿ dF; vk f'kYi nquw n`f"V,¡ ,djk ,rsd le`¼ d;yfu
vfNA euksoSKkfud dFkkd nkslj Js"V f'kYih izks- eueksgu >k NfFk] ts fgud ijorhZ
ih<+hd fFkdkgA
fgud Hkk"kk fgud dFkkd ,d izeq[k fo'ks"krk fFkdA
fgud fdNqq dFkk fgUnhes lsgks izdkf'kr&iz'kaflr Hksy vfNA fgud eSfFkyh&dFkk
dksuks mUur Hkk"kkd Js"B dFkkd led{k jk[ky tk loSQNA
dFkkdkjd vfrfjDr fgud vkykspd :i lsgks egÙoiw.kZ vfNA vk/qfud eSfFkyh
lkfgR;d bZ xEHkhjrkiwoZd vè;;u d;us NfFk rFkk bfrgkl] fdaok vkuks fuca/ lekykspukes
tr¿ ts folaxfr fgudk HksVyfu] rdjk yksdd le{k fuLladksp jkf[k nsyfu vfNA ,fg
134 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
izdkjd fgud fuca/] leh{k vks fVIi.khl¡ fo"k;d xaHkhj idM+d fgud {kerk r¡ izekf. eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
kr gksbrs vfN] eSfFkyhd bfrgkldkj vks lekykspd yksdfud rF;ewyd vKkurkd lsgks (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
inkZiQk'k Hk¿ tkbr vfNA izkè;kidh; Hkk"kk vks izkè;kidh; lekykspukd fgudk }kjk rsgu
/TTkh mM+kvksy xsy vfN ts bZ tkfrcks/d 'kCn vkc izo`fÙk&cks/d cfu xsy vfNA fgud
,fg izdkjd vkykspukd fdNq 'kh"kZd fFkd& izkè;kidh; nkf;Ro vks fuokZg] izkè;kidh;
Hkk"kkd ckuxh] izkè;kidh; Hkk"kkd xNkM+es iM+y eSfFkyh vkykspuk] vkfnA
fgud ^xYrhukek* t¡ bfrgkldkj vks vkykspd yksdfud foosdosQ¡ tx ldr r¡
eSfFkyhd cM+ iS?k midkj gks;rA
,d ih<+hd vUrj (dFkk)

ckcwth py* csj dgus jgfFku ts tSrfg ifgus j.kNksM+thd vksfgBke tS g*] HksaV
dfjv* gqUgA gs] iSj Nwfcd iz.kke dfjvgqUg] gej uke dfgvgqUgA vk bZ] fpV~Vh ts nsus
fN;kSg gqudk ukes] ls uhd tdk¡ jkf[k ysus N* g us\ ---- ls /kj.kh/j t[ku nl ckft d*
iUnzg fueV ij VkVkuxj LVs'ku igq¡fp xsy] r lkspyd ts lks>s vkfiQlses tk d* gqudkl¡
HksaV d* yh] Msjkij r¡ lk¡>lsa ifgus ufg, vcSr gsrkgA rSa lkdphcyk cl ij cSfl xsy
vk eufgeu j.kNksM+thd O;fDrRod dkYifud fp=k cukc* ykxyA dksuks ckr 'kq: osQukb
uhd gSr] rdj lHklsa cf<+;k¡ mik; vks lkspyd ts ckcwth cyk fpV~Bh ifgus c<+k nsrSUgA
dehtd mijdk tsches jk[ky fpV~BhosQa ,d csj mijs&mQij Vks d* ns[kyd /j.kh/j] vk
fdNq fuf'pUrrkd vuqHko osQydA
,d&nw xksVsl¡ iqNSr&iqNSr t[ku yscj C;wjksd vkxk¡es /j.kh/j tk d* Bk<+ Hksy] r¡
ns[kyd ts yksdd esyk ykxy jgSA ,fg tulewgsa phfj d* dksuk j.kNksM+th rd igq¡fp
ikvksr] ls lksfpd* vks fujk'k tdk¡ gksc* ykxyA ijUrq mijdk tsches jk[ky fpV~Bh vksdjk
fdNq lkgl nsyosQ] vk vks yksdosQa BsySr&BsySr iQkVd rd igq¡fp xsyA iQkVdij [kkdh
onhZes igyoku lud ts njcku gkFkes ,d gkFkd MaMk ysus Bk<+ jg,] rdjk nsf[k /j.kh/j
fdNq Fkdedk xsyA eq¡gks&dku nsf[k d* vks xfe, xsy gsrS] gkFkd MaVkosQa c<+k d* jLrk
jksfd nsyosQA /j.kh/josQa ikNk tk d* viu xYrh cq>sySA dksV&iSUV ifgjus ts lHk vkc;
vk lks>s /j/jkbr Hkhrj py tkbr Ny] rdjk ysy njcku lEekud eqnzk es Bk<+ Hk* tkb
NySA /j.kh/j /ksrh ifgfj d* vk;y jgs] ts Vªsues eSy Hk* tk;rA gSUM cSxes /kschd
/ks;y bL=kh osQy iSUV jgS] ysfdu vksb Bke vkc /ksrh cnfy d* iSUV ifgj* yxSr r-----
/kj.kh/j lkspyd ts vuqHkol¡ fdNq ykHk mBkcd pkfgA ,d csj ,Egjl¡ vksEgj
Vgfy xsy] ikud nksdkul¡ nw f[kYyh iku [kSyd] vk Hkfj eq¡g ihd /sus] mQij eq¡g mBkSus
lks>s /j/jkbre Hkhrj fonk Hksy] tsuk vks r¡ lHk fnud ,sfugkj vfN] dksuks ifgys&ifgy
ub¡ vk;y vfN-------A ysfdu njcku Vksfd nsyosQA iSUVd ijrj /ksrh dksuk djrSA usrk
yksdfud vkSj ckr] gqudk lHkosQa r ekFkij Vksih jgS NSu] lkbucksMZ tdk¡ --------A ihd ?kksafV
d* /j.kh/j dgyosQ] ¶j.kNksM+ ckcw ls dke gSA¸ ¶D;k dke gS\ ---------dgk¡ ls vk, gSa\
-----lkgc osQ fj'rsnkj gSa\ -------osQls HkkbZ yxrs gSa\ --------?kj dgk¡ gS------ ukSdjh osQ fy,
vk, gSa\----¸ /kj.kh/josQa Øks/ r¡ cgqr HksySA lkspyd ts j.kNksM+ ckcw lsa HksaV Hksyk ij ,fg
njckud mí.Mrk n* t:j dgrSuA /j.kh/jd lks>s es ,djk ctckd* MsaVfFkUg j.kNksM+th]
,fg dYiukl¡ cM+ lUrks"k HksyS /j.kh/josQaA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;135
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl viuk tuSr njckud ftKklkosQa t:jrl¡ cslh t[ku /j.kh/j larq"V d* pqdy] r¡
vks Hkhrj jk[ky ,dVk csap fnl b'kkjk d* nsyosQA csapl¡ lks>s ,d xt tk d* nfguk fnl
,dVk njoTtk jgS tdjk cxyes j.kNksM+thd uked IysV ,dVk ydM+hd MaVkl¡ yVfd
jgy NySdA rdjk Bhd uhpk¡ ,xksV pijklh LVwy ij cSly nsckyl¡ ihB fVdkSus vkS?kkbr
jg;A /j.kh/j lksfprs jg; ts j.kNksM+thd d{k es dksuk izos'k dj; fd ^fdjZ&j~&j~&j~&jA*
osQokM+d mQij ykxy ?kaVh ckft mBySA /j.kh/josQa nsf[k d* g¡lh yxyS] rsuk ,dk,d
pkSafd d* mByS pujklhA osQckM+d gSafMy ?kqek pijklh Hkhrj izos'k osQyd vk osQckM+ iQsj
viusl¡ cUn Hk* xsySA /j.kh/j lkspyd ts pijklhd ,sykij viu uked fpV iBk nsrfUg]
vksuk xsukb Bhd ufg gsrSA cgqr laHko ts vksuk pijklh tkgw us nSA vks pijklh t¡ lwry
ufg jfgr; r¡ ifgufg fpV n* fnrS] ,[ku xsy r usus tkbr-----ysfdu uhosQ osQyd drgq
f[kfl;k tsrS vks fuUnl¡ txkSyk ij r-----rk gkFk es ,dVk iQkby ysus pijklh fudyyA
/j.kh/j fpV nsyosQ] ysfdu y*d* vks lks>s nksljk fnl py xsyA ?kwfed* vk;y r¡*
/j.kh/j csap ij lsa mfB d* Bk<+ Hk* xsy] ts vksdjk fpV n* eu ikfM+ nsrSA ysfdu ¶vHkh
cSfB,------¸ dgSr vks ljZl¡ Hkhrj pfy xsyA pijklhd Loj es vkxzgl¡ ,fguk míaM gksbr
vfN] lkspyd vksA /j.kh/jd tkSa cl pfyrS] r¡ pijklhd ,gu&,gu míaM O;ogkjosQa
isuydksM es y vfcr;-----ifu'ksc~y vkSiQsUlA pijklhd .Iok;aVesaV es fouezrk lHklsa cM+dk
ØkbVfj;u fiQDl d* fnrSA-----
cM+h dky /fj pijklh tkfrd /eZ] xq.k] LoHkko vkfnd O;k[;kl¡ eud vkØks'kosQa
jpukRed :i nsykd ckn /j.kha/josQa eu iM+yS ts fpV nsukb vk j.kNksM+th }kjk vuqefr
HksVukbd chp vuko';d foyEc Hk jgy NSA ,fg chp Hkfjld rhu&pkfj csj pijklh
ckgjl¡ Hkhrj xsy jg;A /j.kh/j osQa Hksy drgq pijklh fpV nsukb fclfj rsa us xsyA ysfdu
pijklh dgyosQµ
¶gk¡] ns fn;k gS] lkgc cqyk;saxsA¸
FkksM+sad dky /j.kh/j vkSj izrh{kk osQydA ?kM+h ns[kyd r lk<+s ckjg ctSr jgbA
/j.kh/josQa bgks M*j jgS ts drgq ,d cts j.kNksM+th yapd ysy pfy xsykg] r¡ iQsj
rhu cts rd----,d cts yapd Vkbe gksb NSA ------ ,d csj t[ku pijklh Hkhrj xsy r¡
n`f"Vl¡ vksdj vuqlj.k djSr /j.kh/j nsf[k ysyd ts Hkhrj osQvks vkSj yksd ub¡ jgSA cUn
gksbr osQckM+ es l¡ ,d {k.k ysy j.kNksM+th d vkÑfr ns[kkbZ nsys----psgjkl¡ jkschyk cq>kb
iM+yfFku /kj.kh/ osQa] iQwyy&iQwyy xky---- bgks r Hk* losQ vfN ts j.kNksM+th fpV n*
fclfj xsy gksfFkUgA ----rsa /j.kh/j viuk uked ckn lu vkWiQ d*d* ckcwthd uke lsgks
n* nsus jgSu] xke&?kj lHk yhf[k nsus NSu-----fclj* oyk ckr vksdjk ub¡ t¡pySA µ ¶drgq
ub¡ fpUgus gksdFkUg\ -----ysfdu ub¡] ls dksuk Hk* losQ NS| ckcwth vksuk Hk* d* dgus
NfFku -----vks r dgus jgfFku ts gquosQ vksb Bke BgfjgA¸------- vks vius ub¡ cq>yd Bhd
fgudk vksbBke BgjukbA dRrgq jfg tSr] dksuks gksVyes-----A tkSa fpVd cnyk fpfV~B, iBk
fnrSUg ckcwthcyk] r Hkfjld dky tYnh gksbrSA ------ ysfdu vius gkFks fpV~Bh nsrSu lSg
us cslh uhd gsrSA-----tgk¡rd /j.kh/j osQa e*u iM+S NS] Vscqyij dksuks iQkby vk dkxt
i=k ub¡ ns[kus jgSu] eq¡g xksy cukSus pqipki dqlhZ ij cSly jgfFk] tsuk [kkyh le; dksuk
fcrkvksy tk;] ls lkspckd dky yksd eq¡g cucS vfNA ---- pijklh ,d csj pk;d ik¡
y*d* Hkhrj xsy jgSuA dktes dksuks rsgu ck>y ufg, NfFkA O;Lr jgykij yksd pk; FkksM+s
136 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
ficS vfN\ ---ihcks djS, r vks BaMk Hk* tkb NSA lsgks osQvks nkslj O;fDr jfgrSu cSly] r eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
pk; e¡x;ckd laxfg cq>brS /j.kh/josQaA------e*u iM+ys] ,dVk fdrkc es i<+us jg;µ¶gkm (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
Vq chgso ykbd ,su vkWfiQljA¸------tkSa osQvks ckgj l¡ uked fpV iBc;] r¡ vksdjk rqjUr
ctck ub¡ iBfc,s] t[ku cw>h ts ckgj izrh{kkes cSly O;fDr vkc drgq mfB d* pfy us
n;] r[ku vksdjk ctck iBkchA ,fgl¡ ckgj cyk O;fDr ij izHkko iM+S NS ts tdjkl¡ HksaV
dj* vks vk;y vfN ls cM+ O;Lr yksd vfN] vk ,gu yksdl¡ HksaVd volj ikfc vks
viukosQa xkSjokfUor cw>rA-----¸
rkor~ iQsj ?kaVh ctySA /j.kh/j mfB d* osQckM+ yx igq¡fp xsyA lquyd ts j.kNksM+th
pijklh osQa dgSr jgfFkuµ¶Mªkboj ls cksyks] xkM+h fudkysxkA¸ /j.kh/jd eq¡g lq[kk xsySA
ysfdu rk vkxk¡d ckr lqusySµ ¶vkSj lquks] oks lkgc tks ckgj cSBs gSa] mudks Hkst nksA¸
pijklhd fudySr nsjh vks gSafMy ?kqek Hkhrj izos'k d* xsyA
tk d* dj tksfM+ d* iz'kalk osQyosQUgA ckcwthd ckr e*u iM+yS ts ¶gs] iSj Nwfcd*
iz.kke dfjvgqUgqA¸ ysfdu vkWfiQles iSj Nwfc iz.kke dfjrSUg] r* ls j.kNksM+thosQa izk;%
iflUu ub¡ ifM+rSUg] /j.kh/j viu lgt cqf¼l¡ lkspydA nkslj ts iSj Nwfc d* iz.kke
dj* ysy /j.kh/j osQa iwjk dksBjh es ifjØek dj* ifM+rSA ekjs jSd vk vkyekjh vks
dhnu&dhnu pØO;wg cuk d* chp es fjokfYaox ps;j ij cly jgfFku j.kNksM+thA gqud
vk¡f[kd ftKklk cwf> /j.kh/j mijdk tschl¡ fpV~Bh cgkj osQyd vk vkxk¡ c<+k nsyosQuA
fpV~Bh i<+Sr&i<+Sr j.kNksM+thd mQij mBy nquw HkkSag Øe'k% uhpk [kSr viuk LFkku ij vkfc
d* fLFkj Hk* xsySUgA fpV~Bh i<+ykd ckn vk¡f[kd b'kkjkl¡ /j.kh/j osQa cSlckd vkns'k
nsyfFkUgA fdNq dky /fj j.kNksM+th fdNq lkspSr jgykgA /j.kh/j dksBjhd pk:dkr nsoky
Vkaxy fp=k lHk ns[kSr jgyA
¶iafMrth fuosQa NfFk\-----¸ ,dk,d j.kNksM+th iqNyfFkuA
¶ th g¡] fuosQa NfFkA viusd cjkcfj ppkZ djSr jgSr NfFk-----¸
¶g¡A dh uke Hksy vgk¡d\¸
¶/j.kh/j >kA¸
¶g¡] dfg;k b.VjO;w vfN-----\ dkfYg us\¸
¶th] dkfYgA¸
¶g¡----ckr NS ts ----gejkl¡ tgk¡rd gSr] djcs---A ysfdu ckr NS ts---- gejk gkFkes r¡
vfN ub¡ ---cksMZ jgS NS------r[ku -----csl] dkfYg b.VO;w fnv] r[ku ns[ky tsrS----A ,[ku r
(?kM+h fnl nsf[k) ge yap es tk,c----A¸
/j.kh/j iz.kke d, cgjk,y r¡ irk ubZ fd, Xykfu tdk¡ vuqHko osQydA ----ckcwth
dgus jgfFku ts ¶fguosQ vksb Bke BgfjgA¸ gqudk vksfguk jgS NSuA ---vkc* l¡ ifgus gtkj
csj dgus gsfuFk] ts ¶gs] j.kNksM+thd vksfg Bke [kkyh gkFk ub¡ tSg] LVs'kuij nw Vdkd
e/qj dhfu yhg*] ----gs] j.kNksM+thosQ gej uke dfgv* gqUg-----gs] iSj Nwfc d* iz.kke
dfjvgqUg------gs-----A¸
lk¡>[ku nw Vdkd e/qj ysus /j.kh/j j.kNksM+thd Msjk fnl fonk HksyA ykt t:j
Hksy jgb] ysfdu iQsj lkspyd ts dkfYg b.VjO;w NS rkb }kjs FkksM+cs vks e/qj y* tk jgy
eSfFkyh lkfgR;137
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl NSu\ ,[ku j.kNksM+thd vksfgBke osQafMMsV Hk* d* ub¡ tk jgy Ny vksA ---ckcwth vksuk
Hk*d* dgus jgfFkUg] iqNfFkUg r dh dgrSu\ rsa ------------
Msjk ij lcl¡ ifgus ftudkl¡ HksaV HksyS] ls vLlh o"kZd ,dVk o`¼k---- vLlhl¡ de
c,l ufg gsrSuA tkfg rjgsa vks p'ekd Hkhrjl¡ ns[kSr jgfFku] rkbl¡ /j.kh/j cq>yd ts
p'ek jfgrks fgudk lq>S&rq>S ub¡ NSuA ykBh BdBdcSr vkxk¡ cf<+ d* dgyfFkuµ ¶gs]
gejk lq>S ub¡ vfNA vgk¡ osQ Nh\¸
tkfg rjgsa tksjl¡ vks ctyhg rkfgl¡ /j.kh/j bgks cqf> xsy ts bZ lquS dEe NfFkA
/j.kh/j voxzges jg; ts dh dfg d* viu ifjp; nhUgA
rk cw<+ iQsj ctyhgµ ¶gs] ge cghj Nh] dus tksjl¡ cktwA¸
,fgl¡ ifgus /j.kh/j ctufg dgk¡ NyA dus tksjl¡ FkfEg&FkfEg d* cktyµ ¶ge
Nh /&j&.kh&/&j&>kA¸
¶/&j&.kh&/&j&>kA ----- cw<+h nksgjkSyfFku] ckyd fdudj\¸
¶ia- JhdkUr >kA¸
¶xke dksu\¸
¶fiy[khA¸
¶fiy[kh\ d*gwA fiy[kh es r gej osQ xksV us lEcU/A tVs'oj >kd uke lquus
fN,sUg\¸
¶vks r gej ckck NykgA¸
¶,s\ vks vgk¡d ckck Nykg\ gs fy;*A r[ku r vgk¡ vius yksd Hksygq¡A cSlw] cSlwA
-----gs ge vkc vdku Hk* xsygq¡] e*u ub¡ jgS;sA vgk¡osQa cSlgq ub¡ dgygq¡] jks[k ub¡ ekucA¸
cw<+h iwn yxyfFkuµ¶dfg xke&?kjd dq'kyA cki fuosQa jgS NfFk\----- vkr c¡ cw<+ Hk*
xsy gsrkg] p*fy&fiQfj gksb NSUg\ cgqr fnu ns[kuk HksyA----- ge vgk¡d xke xsy jghA iqjku
yksd lc vkc dr* HksVr\ -----,dVk jgfFk [katfu nkbA ls vkc NfFk dh e*fj xsyhg\
----vgk gk] gqudk lud yksd dEe HksVrA ---cspkjks cM~M lsok osQyfUg gejA ----vPNk uquw
ckcw ftcS NfFk\---- vjsck] gqudk lu ,dckyh yksd! ----l*Hk iqjudk yksd lHk py xsyA
----,dVk ge vkc jfg xsy NhA lq>S ub¡ vfN] ctSr&ctSr dYyk ,safB tkb,s------¸ (/j.
kh/j uksV osQyd ts cw<+hd xnZfu lrr dky fgfyrs jgSr Nfu] tkfg }kjs ctSr dky Loj
FkjkZbr fudyS NSu) -----¶vgk¡d cki vk gej ckSvk] nquw es HkS;kjhA vgk¡ Hkkfrt gscSuA
---njHkaxk es ,osQ Bke jfgd* i<+y* fu&fy[ky*fu -----nquw xksVses cM+ flusg---,g] rkfg
fnud ckr lHk eksu iM+s,] nquw xksVkes ckth yxSUg ts ge iQLV djc] r ge iQLV djcA
nquw xksVs rst jgfFk i<+* esA-----,DosQ Msjk es jgS Nykg---gegw¡ fdNq fnu jgh---vgk¡d ek;ks
jgfFk------ cgqr fnu HksaV Hksuk HksyA ----,d csj HksaV djk nS tkmA ---vkc vgk¡ leFkZ Hksygq¡
-----osQ Hkb Nh\ oghu osQ Vk\ --xk;&eghl ikslus Nh\ ---vgk¡ vksNkvksu&fcNkvksu fdNq
ub¡ yk;y Nh\ ---vkfg js ckA ls dksuk gSr\ bZ viu ?k*j vfNA gksVyes fd, jgc\----vkb
HkkX;s l¡ cq>w ts vgk¡ l¡ HksaV Hk* xsy] Hkxoku fuosQa jk[kFkqA¸
¶gs] ikgquosQa fdNq ty&ty[kb uS Hksyfu---dh dgw] gejk e*u ub¡ jgS,s----gs fy;*]
ckSvks vkfc xsykg\-----¸
138 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 j.kNksM+thd xkM+h iks£Vdks es vkfc d* Bk<+ Hk* xsy jgSuA gqudk vcSr nsf[k d* eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
/j.kh/j mfB d* Bk<+ Hk* xsyA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
¶osQ\------¸
¶ ge /j.kh/j\------¸
¶ osQ /j.kh/j\ ----¸
¶ia- JhdkUr-----¸
¶g¡ g¡ g¡A vgk¡ vkb vkfiQl es vk;y jghA ----dkfYg b.VjO;w vfN us\---------¸
mÙkjd vis{kk ufg d j.kNksM+th Hkhrj py xsykgA
cw<+h t¡ cgqr vkxzg ub¡ dfjrfFku] r /j.kh/j fcuq ty[kb osQufg py vcSrA jLrkes
,dVk ckr lkspyd] ¶,DosQ ih<+h es drs vUrj Hk* tkb NSA ,d ;qxd vUrjµ trsd u*o
vk iqjku es vUrjA vLlh o"kZ vk iSarkfyl o"kZd yksdes cgqr vUrjA----*
dFkkd rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&1965 bZ- es izdkf'kr tsujs'ku xSid dFkk vfN] tr¿ ,d ih<+hd yksdd
O;ogkj iwoZd ih<+hl¡ :{k vfNA cM~M LokHkkfod <axl¡ dFkkdkj rdj fp=k.k d;us NfFkA
cnySr ;qx vk ifjos'kes yksd erych gks;r pfy xsy vfNA ,fg dFkkes /j.kh/j viu
firkd ,dVk fliQkj'kh i=k y¿ gqudj cM~M fudVLFk j.kNksM+thosQ¡ nse¿ xsyfFku tkfges
/j.kh/jd ukSdjhd baVjO;wes enSr djckd vkxzg vfNA /j.kh/jd firk j.kNksM+thd lax
vusd dky /fj cM~M vfHkUu yksd Hk¿ jgy NfFk] eqnk vkc vks xkes jgSr NfFkA xkel¡
fudySr firk rkfdrk d;us NfFku ts vks VkVkuxj tk j.kNksM+sth vksfgBke Msjk jk[kfFkA eqnk
t[ku /j.kh/j j.kNksM+thl¡ HksaV dj¿ tk,r NfFku r[ku gqudk ix&ix ij j{k O;ogkjd
lkeuk dj¿ iM+Sr NfuA t[ku vks j.kNksM+thd ?kj igq¡pSr NfFk r¿ gqudk j.kNksM+thd
ekrkl¡ HksaV gks,r Nfu ts /j.kh/jd ifjp; tkfurs gqudkl¡ cM~M vkidrkd O;ogkj djSr
NfFkuA vk bZ dgSr NfFku ts /j.kh/jd firk vk j.kNksM+ ckylaxh NfFk vk j.kNksM+d
liQyrkes gqudj firkd cM~M iS?k ;ksxnku NfUgA laxs gqudkl¡ ckls ij #dckd vkxzg
djSr NfUgA gBkr /j.kh/j lkspSr NfFk ts ,d ih<+hes fopkj/kjk vk O;ogkjes drsd varj
vkfc xsy vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&Jh jkteksgu >kd dFkkes eè;oxhZ; ifjokjd ifjos'kes cnySr
thou ewY;] ,fgl¡ mRiUu leL;k ,oa ik=kd ekufld la?k"kZd fp=k.k cM~M izHkko'kkyh
gks,r NfUgA ,fg dFkkes lsgks nw ih<+hd lksp vk vkpkj&O;ogkjosQ¡ ?kVuk&mi?kkVukd fopkj
vk O;ogkjl¡ tksM+Sr dFkkdkj dFkkd lw=kl¡ ikBdosQ¡ tksM+Sr NfFkA /j.kh/jd ekufld
vUr}ZU}d fp=k.k dFkkd jkspdrkosQ¡ vkj c<+k nSr vfNA ljy lgt fefFkykd izcq¼ /jd
Hkk"kk iz;ksxl¡ dFkk viu ifj.kfr ij igq¡pSr vfNA
mís';%&,fg dFkkes cnySr ;qx vk ih<+hes oSpkfjd vk O;ogkfjdrkes vkfc jgy
:{krk vk lekIr gks,r e/qjrkosQ¡ js[kkafdr djc NfuA oLrqr% bZ laiw.kZ lektd izfrfuf/Ro
djSr vfNA ,fg dFkkd fo"k;oLrq orZekues ,dVk lkekU; xIi Hk¿ xsy vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;139
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl
O;k[;k

tk d* dj tksfM+ d* iz.kke osQyoSQUgA ckcwthd ckr e* u iM+yS ts ^gs iSj Nqfc

d* iz.kke dfjvgqUgA ysfdu vkWfiQles iSj Nqfc iz.kke dfjrSUg] r* ls j.kNksM+ th osQ¡
iflUu ufg ifM+rSUg] /j.kh/j viu lgt cqf¼l¡ lkspydA nkslj ts iSj Nqfc d* iz.kke
dj* ysy /j.kh/josQ¡ iwjk dksBjhes ifjozQek dj* ifM+rSA ----- gqud vk¡f[kd ftKklk cqf>
/j.kh/j mijdk tschl¡ fpV~Bh ckgj d;yd vk vkxk¡ c<+k nsyoSQuA fpV~Bh i<+Sr&i<+Sr
j.kNksM+thd vk¡f[k mQij mByA
izLrqr x|ka'k eSfFkyh lkfgR;d vfxze ikafrd dFkkdkj jkteksgu >kd dFkk ^,d
ih<+hd varj* l¡ ysy xsy vfNA o.kZu ozQees dFkkdkj vksfg n`';d o.kZu d;us NfFku
t[ku /j.kh/j j.kNksM+ ckcwl¡ HksV dj¿ gqudj vkWfiQl tk,r NfuA
lanHkZ%&ukSdjhd baVjO;w ysy /j.kh/j VkVk uxj igq¡pSr NfFk vk firkd ifjfpr fe=k
vkWiQhlj j.kNksM+th yx igq¡pSr NfFk cM~M izrh{kkd ckn j.kNksM+th t[ku gqudk vkWfiQles
ctkcSr NfFku r[ku firkd vkns'kd ckotwn vks gqudk i,j Nwfc iz.kke ufg dfj gkFk
tksfM+ iz.kke djSr NfFku] j.kNksM+ ckcwd j{k O;ogkjd ckn vks viu firk }kjk nsy i=k
gqudk nSr NfFku tdjk if<+ vks /j.kh/j osQ¡ cSl¿ ysy dgSr NfFkA
HkkokFkZ%&,fg ?kVukes cM~M lw{erkl¡ dFkkdkj nw ih<+hd lksposQ¡ csdNsckd iz;kl
d;us NfFkuA laxs ,dVk vkiQhlj fe=kd ,dVk ckyiud fe=kd iq=klax O;ogkj cnySr
;qxd izrhd vfNA vkWiQhljd e;kZnk vyx xIi NSd eqnk dksuks visf{kr yksdd iq=klax
d;y O;ogkj v[kjSr vfNA uxjh; ifjos'kes xzkE; ifjos'kd vkidrk dksu rjgs ¡ foyqIr
Hk¿ jgy vfNA O;fDr drsd LokFkhZ Hk¿ xsy vfN] rdj ckuxh ,fgBke ns[kckysy HksVSr
vfNA
dF;xr fo'ks"krk%&dFkkdkj cM~M Li"Vrkl¡ ;qxhu ifjorZud ijr&nj&ijr iQksySr
dFkkosQ¡ viu ifj.kfr /fj igq¿pkcS NfFkuA dFkkd ,d ,dVk mi?kVuk ,rsd ;FkkFkZcks/d
vfN ts ikBdosQ¡ dFkkl¡ tksM+Sr pfy tk,r vfN vk varr% dFkk cgqr fdNq dfg tk,r
vfNA vk/qfud eSfFkyh dFkkd ;Sg VªhVesaV eSfFkyh osQ vku le`¼ lkfgR;d led{k Bk<+
djSr vfNA

140 eSfFkyh lkfgR;

 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
7- iQaljhd nw Nksj (dFkk) dFkkdkj MkW- 'kSiQkfydk oekZ
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
MkW- 'kSiQkfydk oekZd voknku

'ksiQkfydk oekZd tUe 9 vxLr 1944 bZ- esa lgjlk es Hksyfu fgudj izFke dFkk
¶>gjSr uksj% fctqoSQr Bksj¸ 1965 bZZ- es oSnsgh es izdkf'kr Hksy NyfuA ,dj cknl¡ fgud
iphlks dFkk lksuk ekfV] fefFkyk fefgj vkfn i=k&if=kdkd ekè;el¡ ikBdd le{k mifLFkr
Hk¿ xsy vfNA fgud izzkjafHkd dFkk tsuk ¶uksjd ,dVk fulkl¡] gfj;j dkxrd eu% fLFkfr
vkfnes ukjhd dksey euksHkko d#.k èofu vfHkO;aftr Hksy vfNA fgud ys[kuhes mÙkjksÙkj
ifjiDork vkc¿ ykxyA ^osnukd laca/*] ^iQ¡ljhd nw Nksj*] ^ijk/hu liugq¡ lq[k ukfg*
vkfn dFkkes uohu thoud ewY;d izfr vkLFkkd n`f"Vdks.k ifjyf{kr gks,r vfNA ¶firk
j{kfr dkSekjs ekrk j{kfr ;kSous¸ dfg tkfg iq#"kosQ¡ j{kdd :ies izfrf"Br d;y xsy vfN
vks oxZ ukjhd dksu :id j{kk fd,d djSr vfN rdj mÙkj ¶iQ¡ljhd nw Nksj es HksVSr
vfNA bZ rFkk fefFkyk fefgjd 18 flracjd 1977d vad es izdkf'kr Hksy NyA 1977es
fgud Le`fr js[kk dFkk laxzg vk 1978 bZ- es foizyC/k dfork laxzg izdkf'kr Hksy NyA
iQ¡ljhd nw Nksj (dFkk)

eM+ck yx Bkf<+ pqipki Hkk"kk vjqIykfor vk¡f[kl¡ fu£ees"k 'kSyh fnl rosQr NyhgA
g¡] vkb vksdj csVh 'kSyhd fc;kg Hk* jgy NSdA Hkko ckcw cfj;krhd Lokxr&lRdkj es
ykxy NfFkA lelr ?kjes [kq'kh vk le`f¼d vekj NwfV jgy NyA eqnk Hkk"kkd ân;es
vUgM+ mfB jgy NyA vk¡f[k es uksjd fcM+jks& vksfg fcM+jkses vksdjk viu vk Hkko ckcwd
fc;kg eksu ifM+ vk;y& vksfg fnu Hkko drsd [kq'kh NuA Hkk"kk drsd lq[kh Nyhg----
vehjh xjhchd drsd viwoZ lkeatL; NyA vehj ckid csVh Hkk"kk vk ekr`&fir`foghu
Hkko ts V~;w'ku d* dksgquk if<+ jgy NfyA nquwd izse nsf[k Hkk"kkd ek;&cki >qfd xsySdA
vks viu csVhd vkUrfjd [kq'kh pkgSr Nykg] vk Hkkoes gqudk yxu'khy] lPpfj=k
izk.khd vkHkkl HksVyfuA vk Hkko\ ,fg fc;kgd ckn vksdj izsj.kk Hksyhg Hkk"kk vk ,dVk
uo LiwQ£rd lax vks vius fuekZ.kes ykfx xsykgA vkb Hkko ckcw uxjd lHkl¡ iS?k y[kifr
fctusleSu ekuy tkbr NfFkA dksuks lHkk&lkslbVh] uxjd dksuks mRlo fcuk Hkko ckcwd
lg;ksxs vlEHko NyA
-------¶Hkk"kk] cfj;krhd Mkyk vksEgjl¡ fn;¸
ifrd O;Lr Loj lqfurs vks Mkyk vkfu Hkko ckcwd gkFkes n* nsydA
----¶vksg Hkk"kk]¸ ctSr vks nyku fnl py xsykgA
¶gej csVhd vkb fc;kg Hk* jgy vfN¸A vk ge ,rsd mnklA ,rsd iS?k ?kj 'kSyh
tk jgfy vfN ,s'o;Z l¡ [ksy djck ysys vk geµ¶trfg latksx tdj HksV; rrS r dj rc
tuq O;FkZ d# eS;k gs jksnuek-----¸ xhrd Loj Hkk"kkd djstosQa tsuk fueZerkl¡ fpjus py
xsyA vksdjk yxySd tsuk 'kSyh yky&yky uwvkes yiVk;y viu ek;osQa xjl¡ yifV cq>k
jgfy gksA vksdj vk¡f[k es eqj>k;y] mnkl lkSE; vkÑfr ukfp xsy----vk uS tkfu dksEgjl¡
vrhrd ,dVk fc[kkg ØhMk tdk¡ M¡fl ekfj nsyd-----¶lkSls nqfu;kosQa lq/kjckd Hkkj r¡
eSfFkyh lkfgR;141
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl vgk¡ viuk gkFkes y* ysus Nh eqnk viu ?kjes dh Hk* jgy vfN ls ns[kckj NqV~Vh vgk¡osQ
vfN\¸ ------Hkk'kk vokd~ NyA bZ vfiQll¡ vfcrs Hkko ckcwosQa ,dk,d dh Hk* xsyf\
¶'kSyh dr* vfN\¸
¶'kSyh\¸ Hkk"kkd djst tsuk dk¡fi xsySd& ¶Nrij if<+ jgy vfNA¸
¶dkWyst l¡ d[ku vk;y\¸
¶,d ?kaVk Hk* xsy vfN-----¸
¶Hkk"kk--------¸ viu LojosQa fdafpr~ e`nq djSr ctykg Hkko ckcwµ ¶ge drsd csj
dgus Nh ts 'kSyh vkc iS?k HksyA vksdjkij vksdj daiuh ij vk¡f[k jk[kwA¸ bZ ns[kw fpV~Bh&
¶gej iQkby es Ny---lkSE;] ge vgk¡ fcuk uS jfg losQr NhA gej ek¡&cki cM+ Lora=k
fopkjd NfFk vius lHk-----¸ vk csVhd fpV~Vh Hkk"kkl¡ i<+y ufg xsyA vksdj eq¡gij tsuk
Nkmj mM+* ykxy fl;kg&fl;kgA
rkor /i&/i djSr Nrijl¡ 'kSyh mrjyhgµ ¶eka cM+k tksj Hkw[k ykxy------¸
Hkko ckcw #"V psgjk ysus viu dksByhes py xsykgA Hkk"kkd gkFkes vksfguk dkxrd
iUuk rkjes i¡Qly dVy xqM~Mh lu iQM+iQM+k jgy NyA
¶ek¡¸] vk ek¡d gkFkij n`f"V iM+Sr nsjh fd >iV~Vk ekfj fpV~Vh Nhfu ysyfu------
¶ek¡]-----¸ eqnk Hkk"kk eqM+h fua?kjkSus csVhij dBksj n`f"V iQsafd Hkulk ?kj py xsyhgA Hkk"kkosQa
ykxy vks 'kSyh uS Lo;a Hkk"kk Nyhg vk lkSE; ufg------A
¶----vksdjkl¡ iqNfy,sd ufg vks osQ vfN\ Hkko ckcw :{k psgjkl¡ iqNyfuA¸
¶iqNSr NhA bgks r¡ Hk* losQr vfN D;kas laxh-----dksuks dkt-----¸ Hkk"kkosQa tsuk Lo;a
vius mÙkj ufg iQqjSr NyfuA
¶Hkk"kk] vkc rhu&pkfj ekll¡ nquwd bZ i=k O;ogkj vk HksaV&?kk¡Vd flyflyk pfy
jgy vfN----vgk¡osQa fdNq cq>y vfN\¸ ----vkXus; us=kl¡ rosQr Hkko ckcw ctykgA
¶ek¡] ikik bZ fpV~Bh if<+ ysyfuA ek¡ ge lkSE;l¡ djcA ek¡] vgk¡ vksdjk ns[kcSd r¡
vg¡wosQa iflUu ifM+ tkbr-----¸
csVhosQa viu Nkrhl¡ lVksus Hkk"kk ctyhg---- ¶'kSyh] vgk¡ viu ikikd dBksj
LoHkkoosQa uhd tdk¡ phUgSr NhA r[ku vgk¡ ,gu liuk fd,d ns[k* yxygq¡\¸
¶'kSyh-----¸ ikikd dBksj Loj dku es ifM+rs 'kSyh cfyd cdjk lu Hkhr cSfl
jgyh-----
-----¶th ikikA¸
¶lkSE; dh djSr vfN\¸
¶lsØsVsfj,V es dkt djSr vfN-----¸ /[kkbr&/[kkbr 'kSyh ctyhgA
¶lsØsVsfj,V es---vFkkZr~ fdjkuh ;kuh foxzg ckcw---- frDr Lojs ctykgA¸
¶viuk ?kjes r¡ rksjk fcuk djosQ drkS tk us gksb NkSdA fcuk iqfMax vk vaMk osQa
rksjk ry[kS xjkd uhpk ufg mrjSr NkSdA¸
¶ikik] ge lHk fnu jfg losQr Nh----¸ cM+ lkgl d* 'kSyh ctyhgA
142 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 ¶csVk] rks ,[ku csnjk Ng\ cq>Sr ufg Ng------¸ viu daBLojosQa dkseyre cucSr eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
Hkko ckcw ctykg& ¶ddjks vksr* ,dk/ ?kaVk jgukb vk ftuxh Hkfj jgck es cM+ vUrj (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
gksbNA¸
vk drsd dky /fj Hkko ckcw 'kSyhosQa nqykjSr&iqpdkjSr jgykgA 'kSyh uksjk;y vk¡f[k
eqM+h ?kqjkSus pqipki cSly jfg xsyhgA
'kSyhd dkyst xsukb cUn Hk* xsyA drsd&drsd dky /fj vks rfd;kes eqM+h xM+k
duSr jgSr Nyhg\ vk vksdj uksj tsuk Hkk"kkd ân;osQa dkpd [kqaMh xuk vkgr d* nSr
NyA ¶ek¡&ek¡] ge ufg cq>Sr jgh ts ekMs£uVhd udy dj* okyk gej ifjokj ,rsad
ladh.kZ vfNA Mkbfuax Vscqyij cSfl [kk;cyk vknfe;ks ,rsd :f<+oknh gks;r-----ek¡ ge ufg
cq>Sr jgh------¸ vk Hkk"kk viu uksjes foo'k jfg tk;r NfyA
Hkko ckcw lfn[ku csVhd ikNk¡ csgkyA gjne jkek;.k] egkHkkjrd mins'kA ln{k.k
'kSyhosQa izlUu j[kckd ps"VkA flusek] ikdZ] gksVy tsuk ?kjes ,dVk fof=k jaxhuh vkfc xsy
NyA ,dVk lkbdykftLV cfu Hkko ckcw vius csVhd bykt d* jgy NykgA vk g¡lck&
[ksy;ckd vk;qes ,dVk fdly;sd csj ir>kj vkfc xsyA ,dVk vuksu g¡lhd lax vks
firkd lHk dkt es lg;ksx nsc ykxyA Hkk"kkd Nkrh iQVSr NyA vksdjk gksbd ts Hkko
ckcwosQa viu vrhr eksu ikfM+ fn;fu] eqnk] vks tuSr Nyhg ts ,fg ?kjes oSg gks;r ts
Hkko pkgrA viu vkns'k nsck es vks dBksj fu"dai tt NykgA ¶ifjNfud csj Hksy tkbr
vfN¸------ddjks rhoz Loj Hkk"kkosQa tsuk fu"Bqjrkl¡ vrhrl¡ ?kkhfp oRrZekues y* vuydA vks
gM+cM+k; ifjNfud vksfjvkvksu dj* ykxyA vaxuk es ifjNfud xhr iflj xsyA tek; Vk
Hkko ckcw cM+ lqUnj rkfd vuus NykgA esfMdyd vafre o"kZd vks Nk=kA cM+ iS?k ?kjd
,d ek=k larkuA ifjNfudky ekSjd rjl¡ dtjk;y vksdj iS?k&iS?k vk¡f[k vk Hkk"kkd vk¡f[k
es ,dVk vkj vk¡f[kd vkÑfr FkjFkjk xsy------
vksfg fnu Hkko ckcw vkfiQles NykgA Hkk"kk ekosQaZfVax djck ysys ctkj xsfy NyhgA
'kSyh ?kjes ,dljs NyhgA ctkjl¡ ?kqjyhg r¡ viu dEikm.Md xsV yx csxucsfy;kd
yRrhd v<+l¡ dksuks Loj lqfu vks Bkf<+ Hk* jgyhg-----
¶'kSyh] vgk¡ viu fc;kgd ysy Lora=k Hk* lkspwA lhamFkes flUuqj yxk ysc fc;kg
ufg fFkdA tk /fj ifr&iRuh viu ru&eu ,rsd /fj ts viu Hkfo"; ufg fuNkoj d*
nSr vfN rk /fj fc;kg ufg fFkdA flUuqjd vkM+es ftuxh Hkfj ?kqVc] dq<+c] vkRegR;k
fFkd 'kSyh] vkRegR;k------¸
¶ge lHk cq>Sr Nh lkSE;A ikik ctSr NfFk ts ifr lsok ukjhd /eZ fFkdA ifrd
fo'okl Ük`axl¡ ifrozrk ukjh unh lu fu%l`r Hk* leLr thouosQa iquhr djSr vfNA
jkek;.k vk 'kkL=kkses ;Sg fy[ky vfN lkSE;A¸ rhry Loj 'kSyhd Ny] lkSE; g¡fl iM+y--
-mnkl g¡lhµ ¶vgk¡ jkek;.k vk 'kkL=k i<+us Nh 'kSyh\ vgk¡ cM+ vcks/ NhA lHk 'kkL=kes
L=khosQa v/e dgy xsyA tkfg /eZes vk/kl¡ cslh tula[;k v/es gksv; vksdj Hkxoku
ifrr&ikou dksuk Hksykg\¸
¶dh ifrd izfr iRuhd fu"Bk O;FkZ vfN lkSE;\¸
¶ufg 'kSyh] ge r¡ dgSr Nh iRuhd izfr ifr;ksd fu"Bk vksrcs egRoiw.kZ vfN trck
ifrd izfr iRuhdA¸ xaHkhj Loj Ny lkSE;dA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;143
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ¶ek;&cki ,d fnu r¡ csVh osQa lEiw.kZ ifrHkfDrd mins'k nSr NfFk vk nkslj fnl
csVhd izn'kZuh yxk; vksdj oj Lo;a rosQr NfFk\ iQ¡ljhd nquw Nksj ek;&ckid gkFk es
vfN vk xjnfu iQ¡ly vfN dqekfj dU;kdA vk iQ¡ljhd oSg nquw Nksj ifrd gkFk vfc
tkbNA ,dkUr lsok] lEiw.kZ leiZ.kd cknks ifrd ?kj es vks vUud cksjklu jk[ky jgSN
vk ifr vku&vku ?kjes eq¡g nSr vfNA uSfrdrkd ,fg v/%iruij ek;&ckid mins'k dh\
ge dgSr Nh 'kSyh vkn'kZ ukjh lhrk] lkfo=kh] nzkSinh] ikoZrhd fc;kg dh vksdj bPNkd
fo#¼ Hksy vfN\ jke] Ñ".k] vtqZu ddj fc;kg ek;&ckid bPNkl¡ Hksy\ ts dkfYg
lk¡p Ny vks vkb >wB dksuk Hk* xsy\ ,rsd if<+&fyf[k ,rsd nqcZy vgk¡ fd,d Hk* xsykS
'kSyh\ dksuk Hk* xsykS\---vgk¡ osQa dh Hk* xsy\¸
¶cl d: lkSE;] cl d#¸----nquw dku ij gkFk j[kus 'kSyh vksfgBkel¡ Hkkfx xsyhg-
----vk Hkk"kk vksfguk Bkf<+ jgyhg LrC/] grizHkA vkLrs&vkLrs i;j mBcSr lkSE; iQkVd
fnl vk;yA Hkk"kkosQ Bkf<+ nsf[kvdpdk xsyA ,dne ?kcM+k;y lu gkFk tksfM+ vksfgBkel¡
pqipki fudfy xsyA Hkk"kk fdNq ufg ckft ldyhgA ifgy csj lkSE;osQa ns[kus NyhgA
'kSyhd iflUu fu'p; lqUnj NyA drsd mnkl lu] oQrsd nq[khA vk¡f[k es lkvksu&Hkkno
ysus t[ku Hkk"kkosQa iz.kke d;us Ny r¡ Hkk"kkosQa eksues ,dVk Tokj mBy Ny& ¶,fg mnkl
iQwyosQa viu Lusgd vk¡pj rj uqdk; yhA vk¡[kd lkvksu&Hkkno es olUr cgkj Hkfj nhA¸
tsuk vks lkSE; ufg] Hkko gks-----vks tsuk dk¡Vd lstij vgq¡fN;k dkfV jgfy Nyhg----drkS
pSu ufg----njn----njn] ts dkfYg lRr Ny ls vkb iQwfl dksuk Hk* xsy-----
¶ikik ge fc;kg ufg djcA ge ,-c- d dEihVh'ku es cSlcA ikik] Iyht-----¸
'kSyhd leLr nsg #nud vkos'kl¡ izdafir Ny------vk r[ku viu Nkrhl¡ 'kSyhosQa lVcSr
nqykj&izsed fjef>ees drsd mins'kd ty cjfl xsyA
,d jkfr Hkk"kkd //dy Nkrhd vkfx tsuk gok ikfc ngd* yxySd----
¶ge lkSE;osQa ns[kus Nh------\¸
¶osQ lkSE;\ oSg vkokjk------¸
¶vks vkokjk ufg vfNA cM+ 'kkyhu vfNA vksdjk lax 'kSyh okLro es lq[kh
jfgrs------¸ 'kkar Lojsa Hkk"kk ctyhgA
¶Hkk"kk\----- Øks/s ekgqj gksbr Hkko ckcw ctykg& ge viu ,d ek=k csVhosQa vksfg
tkfgy] xekjd lax ufg fc;kgcA vk vgq¡ lqfu fy;* Hkk"kk] ts vkc ,fg ckrd ppZ
'kSyhl¡xfg djc] 'kSyhd jLrk ij vkfc jgy vfNA cki&csVh eè; vgk¡d iM+ckd
vko';drk ufg--------¸ rkfg fnu ts Hkk"kk viu Bksj lhfc ysyfu drsdks lkvksu&Hkkno
tkbr jgy eqnk vks ewosQ jfg xsyhgA
vk 'kSyh\ viu ikikd dkj.k] ikikd flusgd o'k viu bPNk vk dkeukd vjFkh
fudkfy ikikd bPNk ij 'kghn Hk* xsyhgA Hkk"kk uhd tdk¡ tuSr Nyhg bZ 'kSyhd fc;kg
ufg fFkd ygk'kd fc;kg fFkdA 'kSyh vkRegR;k d* jgfy vfN-------- vkRegR;kA
vkneh es drsd ifjorZu gksbr vfN rdj Toyar mnkgj.k viu ifr,osQa ns[kSr
NyhgA vkbZ viu vrhrosQa fclfj d* vks viu csVhd izfr, drsd fueZe Hk* mBy NykgA
----ufg] ufg vkc bZ lc ufg lkspckd pkgh----viu ekFk l¡] viu nsgl¡ lkspd lHkVk
144 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
fc[kh dhM+kdas tsuk vks >Vfd nsyfu----vkc 'kSyhd fc;kg Hk* jgy vfN----uhd ?kj&ckjA eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
'kSyh lq[kh jgrA csVh lq[kh jg; ,fgl¡ cf<+;k¡ dh\ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
¶csVhd fc;kgd c/kb----¸ Hkk"kk pkSafd mByhg----vksdj varjax lafxuh feurh vksdj
xjl¡ yiVfy NyhgA
¶feurh\ dksuk xM+h l¡ v;ysa\¸ Hkk"kkd eksu mYykl vk [kq'khd jtuhxa/kl¡ Hkfj
xsy------- ¶fuHkk ufg vk;y\¸ ----¶fuHkk\ vksdj ch-,- osQ ijh{kk NSdA vksfg rS;kjh es
NyA gejk lHk vgk¡ lu~ /uifr ufg us Nh Hkk"kk] ,dVk xjhc DydZ tdjk ysy i<+cs
lHkl¡ iS?k lEink-------¸ ¶vksg gks------Hkk"k.k 'kq:¸ chpses ckr dVSr Hkk"kk ctyh------- ¶csl
feurh---fuHkkd r¡ fc;kg gksc* cyk Ny\¸
¶fc;kg\ g¡ Hkk"kk Bhdks Hk* xsy Ny¸] pk# fnl rosQr feurh ctyhg ------¶vgk¡ l¡
dh uqdk;c Hkk"kk---vafre le;es Kkr Hksy ts fuHkk ddjksl¡ izse djSr vfNA r[ku fuHkkd
ckcwth, ,dne viu fopkj cnfy ysyfu-------gejk viu csVhd lq[k ns[kd vfNA fc;kg
r¡ fuHkkd gks;rA ftuxh Hkfjd iz'u vfNA ,d nksljkd iflUul¡ cf<+d* dh\ yM+dkosQa
,e-,- d vfUre o"kZ NSdA nquw xksVkd ijh{kk [kre Hksykd------¸ vk Hkk"kk dkues fdNq ufg
tkbr NySdA vksdj vk¡f[kd vkxw Nkmj mfM+ jgy NySdA vksdj vk¡f[kd vkxe Nkmj
mfM+ jgy NySd fl;kg&fl;kg vk rkfg es upSr NySd mnk lefyu vkÑfr lkSE;d vk
uksjk;y vk¡f[k 'kSyhd-------
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&bZ ,dVk izrhdkRed dFkk fFkd tkfges dFkk ÝySlcSd es pySr vfNA
tr¿ ekrk Hkk"kk vk firk Hkko ckcwd iq=kh 'kSyhd fookgd eaMe lty NSd vk Hkk"kk
leLr ?kVukd ikNwd n`'; lkspSr vfN ts dksu rjgs ¡ iS?k dqyd vehjd iq=kh Hkk"kkosQ¡ xjhc
Hkkockcwl¡ izse Hksy Nyfu vk gqudj firk viu iq=khd izsed dnz djSr Hkko ckcwl¡ gqudj
C;kg djk nsus Nyf[kuA Hkko ckcw cM~M esgurl¡ dkt djSr dkyØes.k ,dVk èkukV~; vk
izfrf"Br O;fDr cfu xsykgA gqudj csVh 'kSyh iS?k Hk¿ xsyhg vk dkWyst tk,r 'kSyhosQ¡
,dVk lfpkoky;d dydZ lkSE;l¡ izse Hk¿ xsyfu tdj lwpuk ikfcrs Hkko ckcw ,fg izsed
fojksèk d;yfu ifgus csVh ij Øksèk djSr gqudj dkWyst tk,c cUn djkSyfu vk iqu% gqudk
le>;ck&cq>;ckd ;Ru es ykfx xsykgA gqudj Hkkoqdrkla¡ vR;kpkj djSr var es csVhosQ¡
viu iflud vehj ?kjkukd MkWDVj ojla¡ C;kg dj¿ ysy etcwj d¿ nsyfuA lkSE; cM~M
iz;kl d;yd ts 'kSyh ,fg C;kgl¡ euk dfjosQ¡ vksdjk lax pyS] eqnk 'kSyh pqipki viu
firkd HkkoukRed vR;kpkjl¡ ihfM+r Hk¿ thcSr ygkl cfu gqudj ckr ekuSr jgyhg vk
viu izseh viu lq[k lHk R;kfxosQ¡ C;kg dj¿ ysy jkth Hk¿ xsyhgA ,d rjgs ¡ 'kSyh thcrs
i¡Qljhd n Nksj es i¡Qfl xsyhg tdj ,d Nksj Ny gks;¿oyk ifrd gkFk es vk nkslj
ekrk&firkd dkSfyd e;kZnkd viu izfr"Bkd uke ij ysy xsy fu.kZ;A
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&ÝySlcSd 'kSyh es fy[ky bZ izrhdkRed dFkk laHkzkar ?kjd
csVhlHkd dkSfyd ek;kZnkd uke ij viu bPNk neu djckd okLrfodrkl¡ ifjfpr djkcSr
vfNA nkslj fnl ,dVk liQy izseh firkd viu iq=khd izsed izfr funZ;rkosQ¡ lsgks mtkxj
djSr vfNA Lo;a ,dVk xjhc ifjokjd Hksykd dkj.k vehj vk izfrf"Br lklqjd led{k
eSfFkyh lkfgR;145
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl <k<+ gks;ck ysy ts esgur e'kDdr gqudk dj¿ iM+yfu rdj vkfxosQ¡ vks cq>Sr NfFk
rs ¡ viu csVh ysy lkèkkj.k dek; d;fugkj lkSE; lu O;fDrosQ¡ viu csVhd vuqi;qDr
cq>yfFkUgA eqnk vks viu thou fookg vks izfr"Bkd ldkjkRed lcd fclfj xsykg vk
viu ftí ij viu csVhd izseosQ¡ gkse d¿ nsyfFkUgA cM~M lks> lw=k es ysf[kdk viu
dFkkosQ¡ ikBdd le{k izLrqr d;us NfFkuA Hkk"kk izokg uSlfxZd vfNA
mís';%&dFkkd mís'; euksjatu ufg vfN ysf[kdk ikBdosQ¡ izsed egRo cq>Sckd
iz;Ru d;us NfFkuA ,d O;fDr vius thoues izsed izfr dksuk nwVk lksp jk[kSr vfN rdj
mn~?kkVu d;us NfFkA ekrk firkosQ¡ lnSr viu larkud euksHkkouksd [;ky jk[kckd pkgh bZ
ns[kckd pkgh ts viu iqQfl izfr"Bkd uke drkS vks viu larkud thou r¿ cckZn ufg
dfj jgy NfFkA
O;k[;k

ek;&cki ,d fnl rs¡ csVhosQ¡ laiw.kZ ifr HkfDr;sd mins'k nSr NfFk vk nkslj fnlq
csVhd izn'kZuh yxk; vksdj oj Lo;a rdSr NfFk iQljhd nwuw Nksj ek; ckisd gkFk es vfN
vk xnZfu iSQly vfN dqekjh dU;kd vk i¡Qljhd oSg Nksj ifrd gkFk es pfy tkbNA
,dkUr lsok] laiw.kZ leiZ.kd cknks ifrd ?kj es vks vUud cksjklu jk[ky jgSN vk ifr
vku&vku ?kj esa eq¡g nSr vfNA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k Jhefr 'ksiQkfydk oekZ jfpr dFkk ¶iSQljhd nw Nksj¸ l¡
ysy xsy vfNA ,fg Bke izseh izsfedkd fu.kkZ;ds laoknd chp izseh lkSe;d mfDr nsy
xsy vfNA
lanHkZ%&t[ku izsfedk 'kSyh firkd fu.kZ;d lax Bk<+ gks;ckd xIi viu izsehl¡ dgSr
vfN vk rkfg lanHkZ es rdZ djSr dgSr vfN ts L=khd dÙkZO; ifrd lsok vfNA r[ku
lkSE; iRuhd ,dVk dVq ;FkkFkZd mn~?kkVu djSr vfNA
HkkokFkZ%&izseh lkSE; iq=khd izfr ek;&ckid nksgjh ekufldrk mn~?kkVu djSr vfN
vk dgSr vfN ts ek;&cki ,d fnl viu iq=khd :i xq.kosQ¡ lektd le{k jk[kSr vfN
vk nkslj fnl ifrHkfDrd mins'k nSr vfN vk ,fg rjgs ¡ dqekjh dU;kd iQ¡ljhd nquw Nksj
viuk gkFk es jk[kSr vfNA iqu% t[ku vksdj C;kg Hk¿ tk,r vfN r[ku vksdj thou iRuh
dÙkZO; :ih i¡Qljh es ifM+ tk,r vfN vk vksdj nquw Nksj ifrd gkFkes pfy tk,r vfNA
,fg lektd ?kksj foMkEcuk vfN ts ukjhosQ¡ e;kZnkd vusd fu;ed tkyes cfUg nsus vfN
t[ku fd iq#"k vksfg tkyosQ¡ f'kdkjh tdk¡ viuk gkFk es èk;us vfNA vksdjk ysy e;kZnkd
fu;e vksdj fglkcl¡ pySr vfNA ;qx&;qx l¡ L=kh vksfg tkyes i¡Qfl NViVk jgy vfNA
dF; oSf'k"V~;%&,dVk L=kh t[ku dFkkd lw=kosQ¡ tksM+Sr vfN r[ku ukjh eksud
iM+rky cM~M lq{erkl¡ vfHkO;aftr gks,r vfNA gqudj Hkksxy&ns[ky&lkspy i<+y lR;d
rarq ikBdd le{k vkcSr vfNA ysf[kdk 'ksiQkfydk oekZ viu izk;% ys[ku esa izR;sd
lw=kdsa lq{erkl¡ idM+Sr NfFkuA ,fgBke lsgks rdjk ns[ky tk ldSr vfNA ljy vk lks>
Hkk"kkes vks dFkkdS uSjsV dFkus Nffkt ts uoqfj;k Hkqokl¡ fu.kkZ;d ekrk&firk èkfjosQ¡ lkspkcd
d,dVk vkèkkj iznku dfj nSr vfNA

146 eSfFkyh lkfgR;

 eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
8- dapfu;k¡ (dFkk) dFkkdkj yfyrd
(dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
yfyrd voknku

eSfFkyh dFkk t[ku ,d fnl caxykd Hkkoqdrkes vks>jk;y py tkbr Ny] rFkk
nkslj fnl ik'pkR; f'kYi&'kSyhosQ¡ mpÄck ysy lqjiqQjk; ykxy Ny] r[kufg vksfges
,d >Vdk yxySd vk vk viu /jkryosQ¡ dfld¿ idfM+ ysydA dFkkosQ¡ bZ >Vdk
yxkSfugkj NfFk yfyrA Hkko&cks/] Hkk"kkf'kYi] lw{e fo'ys"k.k] vk/qfud ifjos'k rFkk O;kid
fo"k;&oLrqd n`f"Vdks.kl¡ eSfFkyh dFkkes bZ dkfUr vkfu nsyfuA fgUkosQ lkfUUkè;es v;ykd
ckn jktdey eSfFkyh dFkk&txres izos'k d;yfu rFkk Jh izHkkl oqQekj pkS/jhd eq[;
izsjd lsgks ;Sg NykgA fgud vksuk r¡ yxHkx 40 dFkk izdkf'kr vfN] fdarq 11 xksV dFkkd
,d Vk laxzg vfN&izfrfuf/A ^i`Fohiq=k* miU;kl&ifgus 1964 es fefFkyk fefgjes /kjkokgh
izdkf'kr Hksy] 1965es iqLrdkdkj Niy 84es f}rh; laLdj.k HksyA
iqLrdkdkj fgud ;Sg nw Vk oLrq vfN&ts ek=kkd fglkcs vf/d ufg ekuy tk;r]
fdarq xq.kd fglkcs ¡ ,dj egRo vo'; fof'k"V vfNA
fgud iwjk uke yfyrs'k feJ NyfuA fgud tUe e/qcuh ftykd clSB&pkuiqjk
uked xkees 6 vizSy 1932 osQ¡ Hksy NyfuA 'kq:es fdNq fnu /fj bZ ygsfj;kljk;d ,e-,y-
,osQMehes foKku&f'k{kd NykgA rdj ckn fcgkj ljdkjd jktif=kr inkf/dkjh :ies
fofHkUu inij dkt d;yfuA csfr;kes ,-Mh-,e- inij lsokjr jgSr ;o`Qr jksxd dkj.ks ¡ 14
vizSy 1983 osQ¡ fgud fu/u Hk¿ xsyfuA
dFkk&lkfgR;es fgud fof'k"V ;ksxnkud ewyRkRoosQ¡ js[kkafdr djSr eSfFkyh vdkneh]
iVuk }kjk izdkf'kr dFkklaxzges fgud ifjp;d izlax ;FkkFkZs dgy xsy vfN&¶eSfFkyh
dFkk viu vk/qfud Lo:iosQ¡ fuLlu Hk¿d¿ lHkl¡ ifgus Jh yfyrd dFkkes fpUgydA ts
eè;oxhZ; psruk vk tuthoud vkfFkZd&lkekftd la?k"kZ rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; dFkk&lkfgR;es
iq"V :ies vfHkO;fDr ikfc jgy Ny] ls eSfFkyhes Jh yfyrd dFkkes vkfcd¿ iw.kZ:is.k
izLiqqQfVr HksyA tulk/kj.kd vk'kk&vkdka{kk] vksdj gkl&ifjgkl] lqq[k&nq%[k] t;&ijkt;
tkfg thoUr vk izkekfdd :ies vk;y ls ifgus ufg Hksy NyA Jh yfyrd dFkkdkj
lkekftd O;kf/d dkj.kosQ¡ roSQr vksfg fcanq /fj igq¡pSr vfN ts leLr O;kf/d ewy
fFkoSQdA¸
bZ 1950 bZ- es fy[kc 'kq: d;yfuA ^dcqyk* fgud ifgy dFkk fFkdfu] fdUrq
ts dFkk fgudk [;kfrd f'k[kjij p<+kSyd ls fFkd jetkuhA lektd fuEu oxZd yksdes
psrukd cht dksuk iqQfV jgy NSd] rdj trsd fuLlu vfHkO;fDr ^jetkuh*es HksVySd]
ls izk;% nkslj dksuks dFkkes ufgA oLrqr% uohu tkxj.kd ifgy mRl izFker% vksgh dFkkes
ns[ky tk loSQNA fgud vU; egRoiw.kZ dFkk fFkd&eqfDr] vksojyksM] mM+ku] uo&iqjku]
dapfu;kZ] iz'u&fpUgz] taxy vk jkLrk] izfrfuf/ vkfnA
izks- ek;kuUn feJ feJd vuqlkj&¶yfyrd dFkkd ewy ea=k NySd&ekDlZA fuEuoxZ
vFkok fuEueè; oxZd thoud ts tfVy la?k"kZ] rdj O;kid] leFkZ] LokHkkfod vks
ekfeZd fp=k.k trsd yfyrd dFkkes Hksy vfN] vU; dksuks eSfFkyh dFkkes ufgA dFkkes
eSfFkyh lkfgR;147
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl fcEc&fu;kstu Jk rkfg foEc&fo/kul¡ dFkkosQ¡ l'kDr ,oa izHkkoksRiknd cu;ckd f'kYi
yfyrd viu f'kYi&fo'ks"krk fFkd ts ,dVk Js"B dFkkdkjd vL;re xq.k ekuy tkbr
vfNA fp=kkdues yfyr tslh lko/ku jgSr NykgA ,d&,d pfj=kosQ¡ x<+Sr Nykg] vksdj
viu i`"BHkwfed vuqowQy LokHkkfod rFkk thoUr gksbr NyA okrkoj.kd vfHkO;fDr ,rsd
l'kDr gksbr Ny ts dFkkl¡ ekfVd xzUFk mÄ¿ yxSr NyA¸
yfyrd dFkkd vf}rh; oSf'k"V;d dkj.koj fopkj djSr jkteksgu >k dgSr
NfFk&¶yfyr thd dFkk ;|fi i`Fkd&i`Fkd HkkoHkwfed Nfu vk lHkes laosnukRed mRd"kZ
le:il¡ Nfu] eqnk rs ¡ bZ ufg ts gqud dFkklHk viu ekufldrkes ,d&nksljkl¡ fofPNUu
vk fNfM+vkiUu gkssbfuA oLrqr% gqud dFkklHkes ,dlw=krkd ,d Vk lw{e js[kk Li"V HksVr
vk ls vfN fofHkUu {ks=kes gksbr lkekftd ifjorZud izfr lte n`f"V vk uorkd izfr
LoLFk] vk'koknh] vkxzgiw.kZ n`f"Vdks.kA fofo/rkd lax&lax laosnukRedrk rFkk dykRedrkd
le:i fcokZg vk rkfg lx ,fg oSpkfjdrkd fujUrj leUo;&bZ ,dVk cM+ iap ys[kdh;
{kerkd ckr NSd vk ,fges yfyr th /fj us f=kewfrZ (yfyr jktdyy&ek;kuUn)d nwuw
lnL; igq¡pSr NfFk vk us cknsd dksuks ys[kdA yfyr th ,[ku /fj viu L;kuij ,dlj
NfFkA¸ jkteksgu >k r¡ vk/qfud dkyd vkjEHk oLrqr% yfyr l¡ ekuSr NfFkA
yfyrd dFkkes frD[k ;FkkFkZoQ rhoz vuqHkwfr gksbNA ,dj dkj.kd rges tkbr]
fgud fe=k vk leh{kd izks- jekdkUr feJ fgud thoud ;FkkFkZl¡ dFkkd ;FkkFkZosQ¡ tksM+Sr
NfFk&¶t[ku ge lHk (yfyr&lfgr) ;qokoLFkkd nsgfj;j fdydkjh nSr jgh vk Hkfo";d
fpUrkd ,dek=k vf/dkjh firs VkosQ¡ cw>h] ,d vYiosruHkksxh xq:thd iq=k yfyr&viu
nw rhu cfgud dU;knkud fpUrkl¡ xzLr yfyr&fudV Hkfo";es firkd fjVk;jesaVl¡
mRiUu gksc¿cyk vkfFkZd Hk;kcgqrkl¡ =kLr yfyr&ljLorh LowQyes rRdkys ekLVjh is'kkd
iqujko`fÙkd O;aX;kRed fLFkfrcks/l¡ frDr yfyr&viugq¡ ifjokj (L=kh&cPpk)d ifjogud
mifj"Bkr fpUrkl¡ vkosf"Vr yfyr&cw<+ Hk¿ xsykgA rs ¡ yfyrd dFkklHkes vksrsd frD[k
;FkkFkZd n'kZud gksbr vfNA ;Sg vks le; Ny t[ku yfyrosQ¡ vkRekuUnd ,dek=k lzksr
ys[ku HksVy jgfuA gqud dYiukd d<+kges lfn[ku dksuks&us&dksuks dFkk&O;Fkk [kksySr
jgSr NyfuA¸
fgud dFkkes lsDl izpqjrkl¡ vk;y vfNA oLrqr% bZ viu dFkkes ifgy csj
lsDld liQy iz;ksx d;yfuA mnkgj.kd :ies fgud eqfDr dFkkosQ¡ jk[ky tk loSQNA
,fg dFkkes iz;qDr lsDld izlax Jh lq/ka'kq ^'ks[kj* pkS/jhd ekU;rk vfN&¶;k=kh thd
ckn vk jktdey&ek;kuUnl¡ ifgus ifgys&ifgy yfyr viu ^eqfDr* uked dFkkes
nSfgd vko';drkd lR; izfrikfnr d;yfuA t¡ ikjks es izQk;Md dkepsrukosQ¡ jDrd
laca/l¡ mQij ns[k;ckd ps"Vk yf{kr Hksy r¡ yfyrd dFkk&ukf;dkd vUrnZ'kkd fp=k.kl¡
bZ Li"V Hksy ts dked r`fIr vksdj nSfgd vko';drk NySd] nSfgd fooxrk NySdA ge
ek=k&yfyrosQ¡ ,gu ,sfrgkfld dFkkdkj ekuSN Nh ts ifgy&ifgy eSfFkyh dFkklkfgR;es
^lsDl*d liQy iz;ksx d;yfuA bZ ,d rF; vfN ts eSfFkyh dFkkes yfyrd dFkkd ckns
fofo/ :il¡ ;ksu&laca/ij vk/kfjr uhd&uhd dFkk fy[kckd ifjikVh pfy iM+yA
fgud dFkkd leh{kk djSr Jh thodkUr ,d Bke fy[kUks NfFk ¶yfyr viu
dFkklHkes 'kks"k.kosQ¡ cgqr rst btksres ns[kkj d;yfu vfNA vks dksuks 'kY; fpfdRldd
148 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
rst /kjcyk pDdl¡ 'kks"k.kd ozQwjrkosQ¡ ukÄV d;yfu vfN] eqnk gqud jpukl¡ fu;froknh eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
fuoZn m?kM+Sr vfN] dksuks 'kL=kij 'kku p<+;ckd ps"Vk ufg HksVSr vfNA vks 'kY;fpfdRlk (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
d¿ larq"V Hk¿ tkbr NfFk] ck#n tksx;ckd iz;kl ufg djSr NfFkA
oLrqr% thodkUrd fVIi.kh xEHkhj fopkjd vis{kk j[kSN] fdUrq yfyrd dFkkd
laca/es ,rck r¡ fuLladksp dgy tk loSQN ts vk/qfud dFkk ts ,rsd fodflr&ifj"o`Qr
Hksy vfN] rdj eq[; Js; fguosQ dFkklHkosQ¡ tkbr NkuA
i`Fohiq=k&bZ fgud miU;kl fFkd ts vusd n`f"V,¡ eSfFkyhd mYYks[kuh; vkSiU;kfld
o`Qfr ekuy tkbNA ,fges uotkxj.kd mUes[k HksVSRk vfNA fdlku] ts ;FkkFkZr% i`Fohiq=k
fFkd] Hkwfeifrd vR;kpkj lgu djSRk&djSr t[ku vkftt Hk¿ tkbr vfN r¡ izfrfozQ;kes
fonzksg d¿ nSr vfNA Mk- vejs'k ikBdd 'kCnes tehankjh mUewyd iQyLo:i mifLFkr
leL;kosQ¡ y, fy[ky xsy yfyrd i`Fohiq=kes lkekftd ifjorZud Loj vf/d eq[kfjr Hksy
vfNA¸ ,dj dFkkoLrqd izlax Mk- ikBd dgSr NfFk ts ,fges ¶cnySr lkekftd fLFkfrd
fp=k.k vfN tkfges fuEuoxhZ; thoud ifjofrZr :id fo'ys"k.k Hksy vfNA lkekftd
cU/ud fp=k.k d, yfyr ,d uo vè;k;d Jhx.ks'k djSr NfFkA fcls[kh_ l[;k] xsuek
vkfn ,fg miU;kld fofHkUu ik=k viu vf/dkj cq>Sr vfNA vksdj viu [ksrd izfr eerk
NSdA i`Fohiq=kd dFkkudd cU/u drgq f'kfFky ufg Hksy vfNA ,dj fp=k.kes LokHkkfodrk
,oa ?kVukd o.kZues izokg NSdA vuqowQy okrkoj.kd i`"BHkwfees ?kVukd fuekZ.k dFkkoLrqosQ¡
fo'oluh; ,oa izHkkoksRiknd cucSr vfNA¸
,fg miU;kld izlax izks- jekukFk >kd fopkj è;krO; fFkd&¶thoud leL;k
fnf'k Jh yfyr th ,fges ts n`f"V vfdr d,y vfN ls rrsd LoLFk vfN] lR;ij
voyfEcr vfN ts ,fgl¡ gefg Vk vko`Q"V Hksy Nh ls ufg] t osQvks ,dj xEHkhjrkiwoZd
fopkj djrkgq¡] fcuq vko`Q"V Hksys ufg jfg loSQr NfFkA drZO;kdrZO;] cqf¼&foosd]
thoud eerk] lgtkr izo`fÙkosQ¡ vks ,fg lgtkr izo`fÙkosQ¡ iz/kurk n, Jh yfyr th ,fg
miU;kles ekuo&LoHkkod uSlfxZd izo`fÙk vks HkkoukdosQ¡ ts iz/kurk nsy vfN] ls gqud
LoLFk n`f"Vdks.kd |ksrd fFkdA bZ miU;kl dksugq oxZfo'ks"kd vFkok lekt&fo'ks"kd
ufg] izR;qr ekuo tkfrd ewyHkwr Hkkouk vk oklukd fp=k mifLFkr djSr vfNA vr,o
vusd n`f"Vl¡ Jh yfyr thd i`Fohiq=k gejk vÄjsthd fo'ofoJqr dFkkdkj Vkel gkMhZd
miU;kl eksu ikfM+ nSr vfNA¸ Mk- t;dkar feJd 'kCnes Mk- "He has given a vision
and profundity to the poorest classes in rural Mithila. Though he reveals an
immaturity in handling the great moments in the life of his characters, yet on
the whole one can say that he has truly achieved a place for the 'lowly' hero
or heroin in the Maithili novel." Mk-^Jh'k*d vuqlkj ¶yfyr thd miU;kl cM+
lqfu;ksftr Hksy vfN vks miU;kldykd lHk xq.k orZeku vfN] eq[;r% lqfu;ksftr
vks jkspd dFkkRed izokg] vuqowQy okrkoj.k ,oa O;fDr] pfj=k vk ?kVukd lkaxksikax
fp=k.kd n`f"V,¡A¸
;k=kh] fgud fu/ud ckn] i=kkRed 'kSyhes fgud ys[kdh; lkeF;ZosQ¡ ,fg 'kCnes
O;Dr d;yfu&¶:lh dykdkj ps[kc ,oa xksdhZd foy{k.k leUo; ek=k dfg nsykl¡ rksgjk
ge fu:fir ufg d¿ icSr NhA gejkyksdfud oqQyhu oxZ vFkok loZgkjk lekt fnl rksgj
eSfFkyh lkfgR;149
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl viu ,d Vk [kkl n'kZu fodflr gksbr xsygq&i`Fohiq=k rdj pje n`"Vkar fFkdgq--jetkuhl¡
y¿ d¿ i`Fohiq=k /fj rksgj lw{e ,oa lkoZHkkSe vuq'khyu O;kIr Ngq---A¸
;|fi bZ dFkkdkj rFkk miU;kldkjd :ies fo[;kr NfFk] fdarq ,dj vfrfjDr
bZ ân;xzkgh ekfeZd laLej.k lsgks fy[kus NfFkA izks- jekukFk >kij gqud vfHkuUnu&xzaFkes
izdkf'kr fgud laLej.k fof'k"V dksfVd vfNA
vksfg laLej.kes fgud dFkkdkjd O;fDrRo mHkfj d¿ vk;y vfNA bZ ts izzks- jekukFk
>kd Lo:i Bk<+ d;yfu vfN ls ,dVk dFkk&uk;dd mnkÙk pfj=kosQ¡ eksu ikfM+ nSRk vfNA
fdarq] ,dj vk'k; bZ ufg ts vks dFkk Hk¿ d¿ jfg xsy vfN&okLrfodrkl¡ nwj vfNA lR;
r¡ bZ fFkd ts vks ,gu okLrfod laLej.k fFkd vk rsgu vkReh; yksdd fy[ky fFkd ts
izks- jekukFk >kd O;fDrRod leLr xEHkhjrk rFkk mnh;eku lkfgR;dkjosQ¡ foiqy izksRlkgu
nsckd gqud mnkjrkosQ¡ >ydk nSr vfNA
oLrqr% yfyr eSfFkyh dFkkosQ¡ ledkyhu cks/ vk f'kYil¡ ;qDr d¿ dksuks Hkk"kkd
vk/qfud dFkkd led{k Bk<+ d¿ nsyfuA
dapfu;ka (dFkk)

dapu vksdj uk¡o jgsd] eqnk yksd dgb dapfu;k¡A tkfrd vks xjhc Nfy vk laxfg
vNksiks rsab ysd dgbdµx, dapfu;k¡µg, dapu ubA ek=k pmng lk¡vksud vcks/ lk{kh
NfyA cki vksdj gjtuek cmdw pm/fjd t*u jgfUgA i#dk¡ tsBes tkequ ijl¡ [kfl d*
efj xsyA laifRrd uke ij vkus cksfugkj tdk¡ viu csVhosQa ,d tksM+k dekmvk gkFk nsus
xsy vk dtZ Lo:i ,dVk ukÄfM+ ek,A thfodkd ,dek=k lk/u vkc dapuaosQ jgbd
cksfu&cqrkr------A v"kk<+ es jksiuh&MksHkuh vk vxgues vk¡Vh&eqV~BhA ek, lgtfga ukÄfM+,
jgbA viuk Hkfj vksgks dekb, nbµ ckyks ckcwd fpiM+h iFkbr jg, vf/;k ijA
cHkuVksyhl¡ iQVdh jgSd ,dj /kjA ?kj dh cw>w r* ,dVk NksV&Nhu ,dpkjh tdk¡
[klkvksy] vksghes VkV yxk fuokZg tksxj ?kj cukvksy jgbdA
uaÄM+h osQ vkb ekl fnul¡ ykfx vcbr NSd----rsgb ;k----vk isVes chr Hkfjd fiygh
ls iQjkdA dr* l¡ ikb vkSrsd ts nckb djfrA
ls vkb uÄM+h osQ iQsj ykfx vfc xsybd vfNA rsgbvkd ikj NbdA Hkksjs d* gqgqvk
d* tkM+ Hk* vcbr Nbd----Hkfj fnu ykfx [ksykbr vfNA
Hkfj fnuqdk miklfy dapfu;k¡ vkslkjkd dÄuh ij Bsagquij ekFk j[kus fu%LiUn
cblfy NfyA
-----¶dgk¡ xsyS xsA¸ ?kjl¡ ekbd {kh.k Loj lwu* es v,ybdA eqnk #X.kkd vkdqyks
vàku dapud tM+rk ub gsaVk ldybdA
vksfguk iwoZors ewM+h fugqM+vksusfg fu"izk.k Hksfy cblys jgfyA n;k ub HksybdA ek;k
ub HksybdA fdNq [k,ckd eksu gsrbdA eqnk vks dh djrb rS\ dh viu ek¡,l nsrbd
fl¼ d* d* [kk, ys\ viuks r* miklfy, vfNA vk vkb ,dks&vk/ eqV~Bh nsrb osQ\
lqdjkrh----yNehd fnuA
------¶dgk¡ pfy xsy iQsuks----\¸ fody Lojsa usÄM+h iQsj dqgjfyA
150 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vkc ufg jfg HksySdA pqipki mBfy vk ekbd lhje es FkqLl n* cbfl jgfy x*A eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
vk¡Äqjl¡ ekFk Vks cktfy----- ¶gw¡ -----osQgu gm eksu\¸ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
------¶xs gsrm r u dqNks\¸ dkjh >kej Bksj pkfV fcuq dapu fnl rdufg iqNydb
usÄM+hA
¶----u*----dgk¡ dqNksµ vkb dksb nscks u* osQydbd ----lqdjkrhd fnu gb-----A¸
¶-----,¡] vks lqdjkrh vkb, gb\¸
¶-------------¸
¶---eksyh ckcw vksb tx ek¡M+ks us feyyb\¸
µ ¶uodh dfu;k¡ fcÄ nsydbA u jgy lqjrkA egkx ynxkscfj gb csxwljk; ckyhA¸
viu leLr vkØks'k eksyh ckcwd iqrgqij cgkj djbr dapu cktfyA
----¶,d pq: ikfuvksa ns] djst tqM+k yhA¸ usÄM+h mufV d* rdyd ?kVyd fnl
tdj lq[k,y isu tyd vHkkod ?kks"k.kk d,ydA
¶----dgka pyys iQsuh\¸
dapu osQ mBbr nsf[k iqNydbusÄjh #{k LojsA
¶-----tkb Nh ckyks ckcw vksbtxkA¸
fpiM+h us iFkbr Nybu gqudj vf/;kij usÄM+hA
larkughu] fo/qj okyksckcwd vkÄu es fot;kHkDr ukfUgVk xks"Bh tey NyA
Hkdjkj eksaNes ykxy nwf/;k HkkÄd va'kosQa dkUg ijgd xeNk lsa iksfN ckyks ckcw
ctykg& ¶okg] okg] ,dj uk¡ Fkhd Ba<bA¸
gfjnÙk nkslj Xykl Hkfj iqNyfFkUgµ ¶vkSj ysc dkdkA¸
µ¶ub] ubA fnxEcj ehrk osQ ngwuA ejhpd dM+ qvb eq¡g ifuvk nsydbuA xksydV
xathd tsch l¡ ,d Mcy pmiQddk cgkj d* iQwfd d* [kk xsykgA
iQsj fnxEcj iafMr fnl rkfd ctykg& ¶dh jvks ehrµ dh Hksymd nfM+Hkaxk gksLVy
es\¸
nhxw if.Mr rekdwd v¡bBk cgkj d* pqVdh l¡ [kksaVbr ckt* yxykgµ dh dfgvm
ehrkµ ¶Vquek vksrfg us vfN& ls eghal t[ku 'kq¼ Hksy r* Hkmth dikj [kk, yxyhg
ts tfgvk l¡ eghal fc,yfN Vwus ,dks Bksi nw/ dh ngh d.B rj ub nsyd vfNA ehrk
dus lk>h&vkJe---r ls vksdjk ysy FkksM+s Vkdk] ngh] pwM+k vk f?km y*d* xsy jfgvbA¸
-------¶g¡ r[kuA¸ ;ksxs'oj Hkwfedkl¡ vdPN gksbr ctykgA
------¶r¡ ls dksu nu gksLVy r iQsÝFk fd iQs"V fdnu------¸
-----¶g¡ r¡ ts fdNqA¸ ckyks ctykgA
-----¶l¡k> [ku dgb fNvm ehrk Fkwd Úsdb uhpk¡ mrjyg¡q r¡ ns[kfyvbd vksfjvkuhd
eksM+hes ekfjrs jkl mTtj&mTtj [kiM+ksbvk vksa?kjk,yA VquekosQ iqNfyvbd r dgyd ts
v.Mkd [kksiM+bvk NbdA nsg r ehrk dgb fNvmd flgfj xsy-----¸
eSfFkyh lkfgR;151
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ----¶nqj ifrrk rbvks r vksRrfg [k,ysaA ge lHk /ekZFkZ 'okl i;ZUr ub fyfrvbd
----dh gvks pukb\¸ eksyhd e/qj mikyEHk NyA
----¶Rr] nhxw r lHkVk mBkd* ihfc xsyA¸ pukb tksx nsyfFkUgA
µ ¶,¡ vkS dkdk] r Vqueks [kkbr g,r\¸ gfjnÙk viu laxrqfjvkd Hkkx ij fdafpr~
bZ";kZ djbr cktyA
µ ¶bgA ls ge iqNfyvb dhA¸
µ ¶vksdj lfÄvks lc dgyd ubA¸
µ ¶/qj] uo&uorkj dksu /,y tkbr Nbdµ LVs'ku l¡ nfPNu fdPNq djks x*A eqnk
bZ cw<+ Hk* d* dh lfUgvk, xsy\¸
viu laxh oxZes dksuks liQy jksekald HkaMkiQksM+ gksed i'pkr~ tsgu eq¡gd Hkko
yksdd gksbr Ngd fnxwd Øeikr rsgusA
eqldh ekfj ctykg& ¶vksuk ts fdNq dgb tkgd eqnk ikgqud lRdkj cM~~MA ge
r laLÑrks esles [k,us Nh----[kk, dky dVkmft djbrA osQ vksEgj Hkkr ij nkcy Nh\
xk;=kh d, pj.kµ d, v{kj\ [kks rksjh osQA¸
vdLekr~ pukb mfB Bk<+ Hksykg vk ctykg---- ¶pyh vc---vkb o"kZ Hkfjd ikcfu
NbdA¸
vk nhxw osQa NkssfM+ lHk xksVk llfj tkbr xsykgA
lHkd xsyk ij vkaxu es pk:dkr utfj nmM+k fnxEcj if.Mr lgkuqHkwfrd Lojsa
ctykg& ¶fcuq ?kjuh ?kj Hkwrd Msjk& ls /fj lRrsA¸
µ ¶dh gsrb ehrk& t[ku vius xmvk¡ eksM+&ekM+ djrbd r[ku dksuk ddjks dky
iVrbdA ifNy lHkkes eksus NmdA lkr l, ij cudV~Vkoyk dkty ifV xsy jg,A bZ
gjyw [kpjkgk dfg v,ysbd tk d* dU;kxr osQ tsa /mjch j[kus NfFkA dU;k osQ tsgu
nq[k gsrbd gejk ?kjes ls r¡------A¸
µ ¶/qj dh gsrbdA jkfu;sa Hk* d* jgrh ts nkb vkvks uhgA¸
iQsaj ckyksd vR;Ur iqjkuk vk dm[ku ub [kre gksebcyk xIil¡ viu fi.M
NksM+cbr nhxw ctykgµ ¶pyh dus vkaxu fnlA¸
vk nhxw t[ku py xsykg r* ifgys lk¡>d /ksUgkb vUgkjs esa cM+h dky /fj fu'ps"B
Hksy cblys jfg xsykg ckyksA iQsj tsuk eksu iMyfUg lqdjkrh n*A cM+dk lhlk cyk vlyh
teZu ykyVse ysfl vksjhvkuhd Bsduvksygk dM+hes VkfÄ nsyfFkUgA
-----¶ckcw-----A¸
Msm<+h yx l¡ {kh.k Loj lquyfUgA
eqnk HkkÄd ekry vk¡f[k vU/dkjl¡ vksfg /wfey vkÑfrosQa i`Fkd djck esa loZFkk
vleFkZ NyA
¶osQ\¸ p¡mpd Hk* iqNyfFkUgA Nk;k vkÑfrd yx v,yk ij ns[kyfFkUg vk
fpUgyfFkUg dkapuosQaA
152 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 xksafxvk,&xksafxvk, ts fdNq dgydbu rdj vFkZ cq>yfFkUgµ¶uÄM+h nqf[kr vk eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
miklfy NbdA bgks Hkfj fnuqdkd lgfy vfNA ?kjes us fdNq Nbd us y{ehd fnu jgykl¡ (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
osQvks nsydb-----¸
eqnk fgud è;ku nkslj fnl jgfUgµ dapuosQa ns[kyfFkUgA cM~M nho yxyfUgA iQkVy
xqnM+h uwvk rj dBqvk,y lu ;kSou j{kkes vleFkZA eqnk r¡b dh\ tkSgjhd utfj jRud
[kksyhd lkSan;Zij dr jgb NbdA 'kSoky&ef.Mr dksuks uo iks[kfjd gfjvj&gfjvj vk¡pjd
ck/k ub ekfu tsuk eydksdk fd HksaVqd dksa<+h vk¡f[k equus vU/k/qa/ c<+br vfN rfguk
dapud ;kSod vksdj nfjnz ifj/kuesA
dgk¡ ns[kus NyfFkUg ,srsd Vk] vkc le£Fk Hk* xsybd ggk d*A
viuk fnl fgaÏ Hkkosa rdbr nsf[k dapud nsg lnZ Hk* xsybdA eqnk nksljfg {k.k
vksdj vk¡pj es lsj Msa<+sd vjck rqylh iQwy pkmj m>hfy nsyfFkUg ckyksckcwA iQsj Mk¡M+l¡
iQksfy ,dVk vBUuh vksdj rjgRFkhes /* viu xqnxj gkFks vksdj eqV~Bh cUn d* nsyfFkUgA
dapu vizfrHk Hk, rdrd ckyksckcw fnlA vkaf[k fgudj yyvksu jgfUgµ ,dVk
fofp=k izdkjd rh{.krk usus& eus lks>s lks>s dapud dksa<+&djstosQ nw iQk¡d phfj ihB ckVsa
cgkj Hk* t,rbdA dksa<+ mufV xsybd-----yxybd tsuk ik¡tjd th.kZ fiatj rksfM+ /jrh ij
pfy v,rbdA Hksybd ts pkmj ,Mhfy vk vBUuh fgudk eq¡g ij iVfd iM+k tk,A eqnkµ
eqnk dr\ vksfg VqVyk [kksiM+h es tr ,dj miklfy ek, ,dj ixèofu ysy dku iFkus
gksrbd\ vksdj vk'kk ij dksuk ikFkj Hk* d* [kly gsrbd ,djk A ,¡!
iQsj eqV~Bh [kksfy d* ns[kyd& mtjk ck?k Nkai vBUuh& ck?k ,djk fnl Maxxj Hksy
uejy pfy vcbr&
vk vBUuhd btksres bZ ck?kd uNksM+&HkaHkksM+ lfg ysyd nEe lkf/µ eksu ekfjA
tkbr dky vlxuh ijl¡ ,dVk v/&iqjku /ksrh dapud dkUgij iQsfd dgyfFkUg&
vcbr&tkbr jfggsa& d[kuks dksuks oLrqd [kcrk gksmd r dfggsaA
?k`.kkd n`f"V,¡ gqudk fnl rkfd /ksrh eka>&vk‑Äu es iQsfd dapu >Vfd d* cgkj
HksfyA ?kqerh dky nykud vkxk¡es /hvk&iwrk gqDdk&yksyh Hksatbr fufcM+ vU/dkjes pØor~
?kqebr vusd cfÉf'k[kkA dapuosQa yxybd tsuk nsf[krfg ,djk ?kqjeh ykfx tsrbd-----A
vkÄu vk,fyA vkslkjfg ij tb[ku i,j nsyd fd fHkrjhl¡ ek, Vksddyb& ¶osQ\µ
v v,ysA¸
lHkVk vkØks'k ek, ij mefM+ xsybd] eqnk jgfy /fj pqIisA
fcuq fdNq ctufg ?kjes iblfyA vUgkj es Vks d* pkj es [kksaly VqVygk dulqirh
mrkjydA iQsj [kksabNd pkmj m>hfy d* /* nsydb vksbesA mij l¡ vBUuh jkf[k nsydb
vk ekbd iktjl¡ lfV cqbfl jgyA
vUgkj Hks Vksd* ns[kyd uÄM+h-----gkFk Hks vHkM+ybd esa gh pkmj-----vkÄj Hks
v,ybd [kj&[kj dksjcyk vBUuh vk dksa<+ es Bsdybd dapud fgpdhA rsgu fgpdh
tdjk jksdckd iz;kl d,y tkbr gkbdA dapu osQ ?khfp d* Nkrhl¡ lVk ysydbdA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;153
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl vksdj lq[kk,y Nkrh ij dpud lqlqe&lqlqe uksj cg* yxybdA dapud fgpdh]
pkmj vk ckyksckcwd dq[;kfr lHkVk vksdjk dfg nsydbµ dksuk us& ls fd vius vks
dfg;ks uo ub NfyA
eqnk r¡b fd vksdjk feflvks Hkfj nq[k Hksyb\ ub] ¶ckcw&Hkbvk osQ /* d* jgh----csj
Fkhd---dqcsj FkhdA¸
dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&bZ dFkk vfN 14&15 o"kZd xjhc etwfju dapu ok dapfu;k¡dA fir`foghu
dapfu;k¡ viu vikfgt ekrkd ,dik=k lgk;d Nyhg ts etwjh dfjosQ¡ viu vk ek;d
ifjofj'kes ykxy NyhgA vksdj ek; ,d ekll¡ fiygh vk Toj l¡ ihfM+r vfN] eqnk
ikbd vHkko es bykt laHko ufg vfNA lqdjkrh y{eh iwtkd fnu vfNA] vksfg fnuk dksuks
ekfutu tu&etwjh ufg djkcSr vfN vk uS ddjks fdNks nSr vfNA ?kjes [kk; ihckd dksuks
tksxkj ufg vfNA vks Lo;a Hkw[kfy vfN vk ek; lsgks [kk; ysy ek¡xSr NfFkA cscl Hk¡ vks
foèkqj ckyksckckd vkaxu tk,r NfFk ts Hkkaxd fu'kkes eLr vfNA t[ku dapfu;k¡ viu
Hkw[kd xIi ckyksckckosQ¡ dgSr NfFk r[ku ,fg etcwjhd iQk;nk mBkosQ¡ ckyksckck vksdj
cykRdkj djSr vfN vk rdjk cnyk lok lsj pkmj vk pkfj vkukd flDdk nSr vfNA
d¡pfu;k¡ okfil vkslHk y¿ ?kj vkcSr vfN pkj m>fy nSr vfN vk cM~M tksjl¡ dku¿
ykxSr vfNA ek; vksdjk xkjk yxk ySr NfFk vk dFkkd var Hk¿ tk,r vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&dFkkdkj ekuo Lora=krk vk lekurkd ifr lpsr jgSr vksdj
HkkoukRed dkseyrkd j{kk gsrq iz;Ru'khy jgSr NfFkA ijurq dh] lektd vkfFkZd oS"kE;
,djk dk;kZfUor d¿ ldSr vfNA rdjs mÙkj cM~M foHkRl <axl¡ d¡pfu;k¡ lax Hksy
cykRdkj nSr vfNA dFkkdkjd izfrfufèk dFkk laxzgd izk;% izR;sd dFkk tdk¡ bgks dFkk
laosnukRed Lrj ij ikBdosQ¡ >d>ksjSr vfNA o.kZu&fo'ys"k.k vk ukV~; laoknd vkèkqfud
dF; 'kSyh es ldVk O;fDres uqdk;y jko.kd ts :i vks izdV d;us NfFku ls dksuks
dky fo'ks"kes ckUgy ufg vfNA nkslj fnl cqHkq{kkd fodjky :i vk csclh lkekftd
vlekurkd ekDlZoknh fo'ys"k.k fnl lpsr djSr vfNA Hkk"kk laoknd okLrfodrk vk
dFkkd ewy Hkkol¡ ,dkdkj djkcSr vfNA
mís';%&lektd uXu lR;l¡ ifjp; djkosQ¡ ikBd osQ¡ lpsr&lkdka{k djc dFkkdkjd
ewy mís'; vfNA ekDlZoknh fopkjèkjkl¡ izHkkfor vk lektd okLrfod fodkl ysy
vifl;kar lkfgR;dkj ,fg dFkkd ekè;el¡ bZ cr;ckd iz;kl d;us NfFku ts fujhg csc'k
yksd ij ;kSu vR;kpkj dj¿oyk jko.k] psr tkm ufg r¿ vkc¿oyk le;es vius ikid
vfXu es HkLe Hk¿ tk;cA
O;k[;k

dapu vizfre Hk¿ rdyd ckyksckcw fnlA vk¡f[k fgudj yyvksu jgfUg&,dVk
fofp=k izdkjd rh{.krk usus&eus lks>ks&lks>s dapud dksa<+&djstds nw iQk¡d phfj ihB ckVs
ckgj Hk¿ t,rbdA dksa<+ mufV xsybd yxybd tsuk ik¡tjd th.kZ fiatj rksfM+ èkjrh ij
pfy v,rbd Hksybd ts pkmj m>hfy vk vBUuh fgudk eq¡gij iVfd iM+k tk,A eqnk&eqnk
154 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
dr¿ vksfg VqVyk >ksifM+ es tr ,dj miklfy ek, ,dj ix èofu ysy dku iFkus gksrbd\ eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
vksdj vk'kk ij dksuk ikFkj Hk ^d* [kly gsrbd ,djkA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
O;k[;k%& izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj yfyrd ¶izfrèofu¸ dFkk laxzg l¡ ysy xsy d{kk
¶dapfu;k¡¸ l¡ ysy xsy vfNA ,fges dFkkdkj vksfg nq?kZVukd fp=k [khafp jgy NfFk t[ku
ckyksckcw dapfu;k¡ ds viu ;kSu fiiklkd f'kdkj cuvksyfuA
lanHkZ fcèkqj ckyksckcw yx t[ku xjhc&etwfju dapfu;k¡ viu vk ek;d Hkw[ky
n'kkd lanHkZ es dgSr [k;ckd gsrq lgk;rk ekaxSr vfNA r[ku Hkkaxd fu'kkes eÙk ckyksckcwd
;kSu fgalk tkfx tk,r Nfu vk vks pkfgrks izfrjksèk ufg dfj ikcSr vfN vk ckyksckcw
vksdjklax cykRdkj dfj ySr NfFkuk fujhg csc'k dapfu;k¡ lc lfg ySr vfNA
HkkokFkZ %& xjhch oqHkq{kk O;fDrosQ¡ ,rsd cscl dfj nSr vfN fd vksdj viu
LokfHkeku] yTtk vfLrRo lHk rkj&rkj Hk¿ tk,r vfNA ,fg x|ka'kesa dapfu;k¡ lu ;worh
viu Hkw[ky vikfgt ekrkosQ¡ ts ?kjes Hkw[kl¡ fcyfcykcSr vksdj izrh{kk dfj jgy vfN
rdjk ;kn dfjosQ¡ ckyks ckcwd cykRdkjd vr;kpkj lgSr vfNA vr;kpkjh ;kSu fiiklw
ckyksckcw lu yksd xjhcosQ¡ viu tkxhj cq>S NfFk lektd bZ foMkEcuk dksuks ;qx vk dky
fo'ks"kd xIi ufg vfNA vkb;ks vk vkcS oyk ;qxes lsgks bZ izo`fÙk ufg ldr fd,d ufg
:dr dfg;kèkfj rFkkdfFkr mPp oxZd yksd xjhc&xqjckd etcwjhd iQk;nk mBkcSr jgrA
dF;xr fo'ks"kr%&ekDlZ vk ÚkbMd fopkjèkkjk vk ckaxyk lkfgR;d jpuk izo`fÙkd
izHkko yfyrd ys[kuhes lHkrfjj ns[kck ysy HksVSr vfN eqnk tkfg csckdhl¡ vks uXu lR;d
mn~?kkVu djSr NfFku ls gqudj dFkkd fof'k"V i{k vfNA Hkk"kkd lgtrk vk laoknd
lVhdrkd lax ekufld vUr}Z}d ltho fp=k.k fgudj dFkkosQ¡ uo jax&jkSxues jaxS NfUgA
,fg dFkkes lsgks rdj Li"V >yd HksVSr vfNA

eSfFkyh lkfgR;155
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl 9- eksM+ (dFkk) dFkkdkj izks- galjkt

izks- galjktd voknku

galjkt vk/qfud dkyd fdNq izfrf"Br dfo&dFkkdkjes mYYks[kuh; NfFkA dfork

vk dFkkd vfrfjDr lkfgR;osQ¡ bZ vkuks oLrq iznku d;yfu vfN] tsuk&Hks ¡V&okrkZ]
gkL;&O;aX;] laLej.k] leh{kk vkfnA bZ ckjg o"kZ /fj i=kdkjd thou O;rhr d;yfu] rs ¡
vkssfg vof/es if=kdkd gsrq t[ku ts cLrqd vko';drkd vuqHko d;yfu] ls fy[kyfuA
vk] ts fy[kyfu ls ckek gkFks ufg fy[kyfuA eSfFkyh lkfgR; fgud cgqfo/ jpukl¡ le`¼
Hksy vfNA
fgud izdkf'kr o`Qfr fuEufyf[kr vfN&
lr×tk (1971)&dFkk] ts fdus ls (1972)&y?kqdFkk_ lU?kku (1974)&dfork_ vks
ts dgyfu (1971)&Hks ¡V&okrkZ_ foljy&foljy (1973)&laLej.k_ fo|kifr iqueZqY;kadu
(1969) rFkk ,xks jgfFk jktk (9670)&lEikfnrA
fgud ewy uke fFkdfu eU=kukFk >k rFkk fgud tUe 28 vDVwcj 1938 osQ¡ Hksy
NfuA njHkaxk ftykd mtku xked bZ oklh fFkdkgA fgud vè;;u&ozQe :oSQr&lljSRk
vkxk¡ c<+Sr xsy rFkk thou&ozQe lsgks cgqr O;ofFkr :is ¡] cuy&cukvksy yhdij] ufg
c<+y vfNA oLrqr% bZ Lo;a yhd cucSr vkxk¡ c<+Sr xsykg vfNA 1963 l¡ 75 /fj bZ
lkIrkfgd fefFkyk fefgjd lqizfl¼ mi&lEiknd jgykgA bZ vof/ fgud lkfgfR;d
vonkud n`f"V,¡ egRoiw.kZ ekuy tk;rA bZ fdNq fnu /fj Vh-,u-ch- dkyst] Hkkxyiqjes
izkè;kiu&dk;Z d;yfu rFkk 1975 l¡ pUnz/kjh fefFkyk egkfo|ky;] njHkxkes eSfFkyhd
izfrf"Br izkè;kid NfFkA
fgud lkr Vk dFkkd laxzg ^lr×tk*d ukel¡ izdkf'kr vfNA fgud dFkkes
fuEu&eè; oxZd :f<+ rFkk rkfg dkj.ks ¡ oqQBkd lgt vfHkO;fDr HksVSr vfNA ^ekuoh;
lEcU/d rUrqij Bk<+ fgud dFkk Hkkoukd xzfUFk [kksySr pySr vfNA* pksj] fNnz vIiu
yksd] mxzkl] fruoV~Vh fgud mRo`Q"V dFkk fFkdA ¶viu NksV dysojes ^pksj* ,d vk iS?k
ckr dfg tkbr vfNA fuEu oxZd vkfFkZd vk lkekftd vlqj{kkosQ¡ cM+ izHkkoiw.kZ <axl¡ bZ
dFkk vfHkO;fDr nSr vfNA laxfg] vlqj{kkd fo:¼ la?k"kZxr yksdd lks>k¡ iljy oqQgsl
vksdjk vfu.kZ;d osQgu foLiQksVd fcUnqij vkfud¿ Bk<+ d¿ nSr NSd] rdj izrhfr uhd
tdk¡ bZ dFkk djcSr vfNA¸
Mk- t;dkUr feJ ^lr×tk*ij vkykspukRed n`f"V nSr galjktd dFkkd fo'ks"krkd
izlax dgSr NfFk&"Hansraj's stories in 'Satanja' are not always powerful but they
are quite frequently interesting. His later stories are better than the earlier ones,
as a more pointedely acute criticism of life has been presented in them. He
can make us laugh or weep as readily as he likes and, therefore he leaves an
impression of the varigated texture of human exhistence. He is one of the few
writers who it likely to grow more profound in the years to come."

156 eSfFkyh lkfgR;

 izks- jk/k o`Q".k pkS/jh ^lratk*osQ¡ eSfFkyh dFkkd vonku ekuSr NfFk&"Hansraj's eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
collectiors of stories 'Satanja' is contribution to the field of Maithili short stories." (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
galjktd ,d laxzg vfN&^ts fdus ls*A ;|fi ls[kd ,djk ^gkL; ,oa O;aX;* dgus
NfFk] fdUrq ,dj lHk jpuk y/qdFkkd y{k.kl¡ ;qDr vfNA NksVl¡ NksV ?kVukosQ¡ ,fges
ckjhdhl¡ idM+y xsy vfN vk rdjk rkfg <axs izLrqr d;y xsy vfN ts ikBdd euij
xaHkhj izHkko NksfM+ tkbNA vks NksV ?kVuk iS?k ckr cfu tkbr vfN vk efLr"dosQ¡ >d>ksfM+
nSr vfNA ,fges 35 Vk y?kqdFkk vfN&ts ?kVuks vfN] xIiks vfN&rkfges gkL;ks vfN] O;aX;ks
vfNA ,fg izdkjd izk;% eSfFkyhes bZ ifgy iksFkh fFkdA
galjkt iz/kur% r¡ dFkkdkj NfFk fdUrq ewyr% bZ dfo fFkdkgA ,d vkykspdd
vuqlkj ^viu dfo rFkk dFkkdkjosQ¡ i;kZIr iQjkd&iQjkd j[kSr ,d lax y¿ pfy ldckd
lkeF;Z fgud ,d Vk nqyZHk fof'k"Vrk vfNA
fgud dfork fpUru&iz/ku gksbr vfN] tkfges uo&uo izrhdd iz;ksx r¡ dfjrfg¡
NfFk ts ,sfrgkfld ik=kosQ¡ orZeku lUnHkZ es lsgks mifLFkr d¿ nSr NfFk] tkfgl¡ vks ik=k lHk
O;fDrokpd ufg jfg d¿ tkfrokpd Hk¿ tkbr vfNA vksr¿ dfo ,d uo n`f"Vcks/d lax
mifLFkr gksbr NfFkA fgud ,d dfork vfN&^funzk:is.k lafLFkrk*] tkfges bZ dgSr NfFk&
vgfuZ'k ctkjes ckSvkbr NfFk pkokZd
izkr gksbr }kfj Bk<+ isV g¡lksFkSr ekDlZ
lk¡lfg euq&iq"i iSfl [kks/Sr izQk;M&dhV
tBjkuyes tiSr vfN ekucd lkSUn;Z&cks/
mfB xsy fo'okl vk euqD[k ufg euqckg
/s ¡V n¿ nkfc nsc d;ygq ts midkj
vukpkjd /qvk¡l¡ vkPNkfnr vkdk'k
lgu&'kfDr u"V Hksy] iljy vlUrks"k
vFkZdjh fo|k if<+ oqQfBr lHk vkReyhu
Msx&Msx pkS ¡fd /j;] [ksy; 'krjat&pkfy
fn VªcqYM feM ukbVes fuUu ufg gksbN ts ¡
feF;k yxSN rs ¡ funzk:is.k lafjFkrk
mDr dforkes orZeku ;qxd folaxfrd chp ekuod vUrjes pySr v'kkfUrd
>a>kckrosQ¡ ns[ky tk loSQNA orZeku ;qxes ^ekuod ^lkSUn;Z&cks/ ^tBjkuy*es tfj jgy
vfN&drsd lR; vfNA rfguk ^vukpkjd /qvk¡l¡ ^vkdk'kosQ¡ vkPNkfnr* Hk¿ tk;c]
euq";d foosd efj tk;c] cM+dk&cM+dk fpUrdd fl¼kar iwQfl Hk¿ tk;c&vktqd ;qxd
vfHk'kki vfN] rdj dkj.k fFkd ^thoud fo"kerk*A ,d fnl trsd nwj /fj lH;rkd
fodkl gksbr vfN] nkslj fnl vksrcs nwj /fj fo"kerks c<+Sr tkbr vfNA chpes rrsd iQk¡V
Hksy tkbr vfN ts vke turk vksghes [kfl jgy vfN] v'kkUr Hk¿ jgy vfNA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;157
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl izks- jekukFk >kd vuqlkj galjkt ¶uohure dkO;/kjkd yC/e izfr"B dfoyksdfu
eè; x.;ekU; NfFkA fgud jpukes vk/qfud oSKkfud mRoQ"kZd èoald mi;ksxd izfr
fojks/&Hkkoukd fp=k.k cM+ lqUnj tdk¡ Hksy vfNA¸
^la/ku* fgud dfork&laxzg fFkd] tkfges uohu Hkkocks/d 42 Vk dfork lax`ghr
vfNA
C;Fkkl¡ NViVkbr euq";d ukfLrd eu HkxokuosQ¡ dkssu :i es ns[kSr vfN] l¡ fgud
^bZ'oj* dfork es nz"VO;&
igkM+d [kkf/es tuey
,fg xkscjNÙkkd ,dVk nksxes
'kj'kÕ;kij iM+y
vgfua'k mdklh
Hkfj vf<+;k diQ vk jDrd oeu
nl Vk jksxxzLr cU/qd chp
,dlj ge lksfp jgygq¡&
;a=k.kkd lhek bZ'oj!
vksfg Hkh"k.k ;a=k.kkd {k.kes bZ'ojd Lej.k vksdj vopsrues eyged dkt djSr
NSd] ;a=k.kkosQ¡ lhekc¼ d¿ nSr NSd rFkk osQguks frjLdkjiwcZd ysy tk;] gqud uke
nksljkbr cfu tkbr NSd] vkljk cfu tkbr NSd] lSg ,fges U;ftr Hksy vfNA
fgud ^xa/* dfork euq";d la?k"kZ'khyrk vks uodk ih<+hd LiwQfrZ&nk;d lq[kn
Hkfo";d leFkZues mBy dfod vkàkndkjh Loj fFkd&
lq[kk;y iwQy&ikr ufg&
Fkkdy clkr ufg
gejk vk¡f[kes vfN ,d Vk vkHkkl
,dVk uodk vkdk'k
vFkp gejk uhd yxSr vfN xU/
euqD[kd pked ?kked xU/!
dfod ^vk¡f[kd vkHkkles* ;k=khd bZ dkeuk drsd lVhd :ies mrfj tkbr
vfN&^uorqfj;s vkcvks vkxk¡&<sdh ufg owQVh vejRo Vkd rFkk gqud Je'khy ekuod
t;t;dkj&^t;fr t; tu'kfor*vk] vksgh Je'khy la?k"kZjr tu'kfDrd ?kked] pked
xU/ dfoosQ¡ uhd yxSr NSdA
fgud fdNq dforkes euq";d jkxkRed Hkkod cM+ dksey Li'kZd vkg~ yknd
vuqHkwfr HksVSr vfNA
158 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
 vks ts dgyfu&^vks ts dgyfu* fgud ^HksaV&okrkZ* fFkd] tkfges eSfFkyhd nl eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
xksV foHkwfrl¡ lk{kkRdkj d¿ lkfgR;d izlax gqud fopkj ysy xsy vfNA ,fg iksFkhd (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
egRoosQ¡ js[kkafdr djSr nhukukFk >k dgSr NfFk&¶,fg iksFkhd ,sfrgkfld egRo vfNA
chle 'krkCnhd vkjEHkl¡ vkb /fj ts eSfFkyhd mRFkkud vkUnksyu Hksy vfN rdj
,fg iksFkhes izkekf.kd losZ{k.k d;y xsy vfNA laxfg izfriknud 'kSyh ljl jgykd
dkj.ks ¡ ,dj lkfgR;dgq egRo de ufgA dfo ,oa dFkkdkj jgus Jh galjkt uhjl bfrgklosQ¡
ljl lkfgR;es ifjofrZr d¿ nsy vfNA jkspdrk ,oa izokges drgq vojks/ ufg mRiUu Hksy
vfNA rs ¡ dgc dfBu ts bZ iksFkh jpukRed lkfgR; Hksy fd vkykspukRed lkfgR; vFkok
bZ dfg loSQr Nh ts nquwd lqUnj leUo;] ts eSfFkyh lkfgR;osQ¡ uo fo/k iznku djSNA¸
,fges fuEufyf[kr nl egku lkfgR;dkjd baVjO;w vfN&gfjeksgu >k] oqQekj xaxkuUn
flag] dkaphukFk >k ^fdj.k*] dfo'ks[kj cnjhukFk >k] jekukFk >k] dfooj lhrkjke >k]
fxjhUnz eksgu feJ] cynso feJ T;ksfr"kkpk;Z] Íf¼ukFk >k rFkk ujsUnz ukFk nklA
Mk- ^Jh'k*d vuqlkj&¶,fg lk{kkRdkj&ifjppkZ eè; eSfFkyh lkfgR;d gsrq d;y
xsy la?k"kZd bfro`fÙkosQ¡ izLrqr djckd ps"Vk d;y xsySd vfN] lax&lax eSfFkyhd fofHkUu
leL;k ij vkpk;Z&fo'ks"kd eUrO;osQ¡ lsgks izkekf.kr jhfr,¡ izLrqr djckd vk;kl Hksy
vfNA ,fg ifjppkZ lHkosQ¡ galjkt th fy[ky vfN fjiksrkZt&dFkk 'kSyhesA eqnk fFkd /
fj bZ lkfgR;d bfrgkld oLrq] dkj.k] vksfg eè; vksfg vksfg O;fDrd n`f"V vks ;qxcks/d
ifjp; HksVSr vfNA¸
Mk- t;dkUr feJd 'kCnes&"Hansaraja's 'O Je Kahalani' is a recent addition to
the class off literature that depicts in autobiographical from literary inteerviews
with eminent literatteurs in an eminently intereasting and touching style. The
personality of some of the leading Maithili witers and crities has been made to
appear through these interviews in such a manner as nothing else perhaps could
have done. I consider this volume an able contribution to the personal essay in
Maithili that deserves being move widely appreciated."
^foljy&fcljy* fgud laLej.k&iqLrd fFkdfu tkfges pkfj xksV lkfgR;dkjd
Le`fr lafpr vfNA bZ fdNq leh{kk lsgks fy[kus NfFk tkfgHks fgud lw{e n`f"V HksVSr vfNA
^Jh ghjk*d ukel¡ fefFkyk fefgjes fgud LrEHkks izdkf'kr vfN] ts euksjatud laxfg
Kkuo/Zu lsgks djSNA fgud vuqoknks ewys jpukd LCkkn nSr vfNA
eksM+ (dFkk)

lk¡> Hk, xsy NySdA /qvk¡;y okrkoj.kes lqjs'k iQkVdl¡ cgkj Hk, ef¼e xfr,¡
djhc nls Msxes frucV~Vhijd iku&chM+hd nksdkud vkxk¡ es Bk<+ Hk, xsykgA ik¡p ucdk
ikb firfj;k ih<+h ij iQsfd nsyfuA ,dVk fldjsV ysyfu vk Bksj es yxk Bkefg jk[ky
fldjsVd fMCckd drjuosQ dksues tjSr f<cjh l¡ ysfl fldjsV tjkSyfuA vk] p'ekd rjl¡
nksdku HkfjosQ ,osQ csj es nsf[k ysyfu vk ,d McylksV ekfj vk'oLr lu gksbr vkxk¡
cf<+ xsykgA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;159
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl nksdkud ekfyd eaxyA eaxy cslh g¡l; ufgA cslh ckt; ufgA ik¡p iQhV yack
vk ik¡p iQhV pkdj dB?kjk es iku&chM+hd nksdkuA vkbl¡ nl&ckjg o"kZ ifgus eaxy ,d
;qorhosQa HkxkSus ,fg 'kgj es vk;y vk ,fg rhucV~Vhij iku&chM+hd nksdku [kksyydA
vkuUniwoZd nquw ijkuh eud eykj xkc,A o"kZ rhusd ckn] ,s usukd tue lsgks HksySdA vkc
r eaxyd eu lhd ij pf<+ xsySdA eqnk] vkBs&nl ekl Hksy NySd] usuksd¡ nk¡r gksc,
yxySd vk] vdLekrs ,d jkfr [kYyk nsc; yxySd vk] ,osQ pisVes ijyksd py xsySdA
eaxyd g¡lh vksgh fnu can Hk, xsySdA ----vk rdj Ns ekld ckn ,d fnu t[ku jkfr es
eaxy cklk ij xsy r¡ L=kh ufg jgSd----A rfg;k ts eaxy pqIi Hksy ls-----A
Nkb vk ckywl¡ Hkjy mQHkj&[kkHkj jLrk ij lEgfj&lEgfj i;j j[kSr lqjs'k fldjsVd
,d lksaV vkjks ysyfuA dusd FkfEg xsykgA cksjkl¡ vulEgkj Vªd feyd iQkVd yx
gifl&gifl vkxk¡&ikNk¡ djSr iQkVdd mQij Vhuij cM+dk lkbucksMZA nw Vk lkbfdycyk
ikNk¡ es Bk<+A Vu Vu ?kaVh ctcSr dkr ykfx xsykgA Vªd Hkhrj pfy xsyA lkbfdy vkxk¡
c<+yA pqVdh ctk fldjsVd Nkmj >kfM+ lqjs'k vkxk¡ c<+ykgA feyd eky&xksnkeA bZ fey
lkr o"kZl¡ cUn NySdA fey ekfyd yksdfuosQa viuk es eksdne pyS jgSdA
iUnzg l; dqyh dkt djSr NSdA ,g] vksfg fnu ts vks cq<+ok dqyha ,rfg--A
ekyxkM+hl¡ feyes nw&nw vus cksjk vuSr jgSdA ,gh Bke vkfcosQ] cw< nsg] ls FkjFkjk xsySd
vk Bsl ykfx xsySd vk eq¡gq Hkjs [kfl iM+ySdA ihB ij v<+k; eksud iV~Vk----iQd~ n,
jgySdA
flxjsVd ,d lksaV iQsj ysyfu vk] ckek fnl rdyfuA b,g fFkosQd lkseukd nksdkuA
[kwc pySr NSdA eky&LVs'kud lHk yksd ,djs xfgdhA nksdku ij cSlSr NSd iqQycfl;k]
lkseukd csVhA dgk¡nu iQqycfl;k lkseukd csVh ufg fFkosQdA lkseuk iQqycfl;kd ek;osQ
cjkSuhl¡ vuus jgSdA iQqycfl;k r dksjkes jgSdA ls vkb nksdku ij cSlSr NSdA pkg&fcLdqV]
iku&chM+h vk fldjsV lHkVk vius gkFks iQqycfl;k g¡fl&g¡fl xfgdhosQ nSr NSdA lka>qd
cuy dpM+hd Lokn r¡ xfgdh lHk Msjks ij eu ikM+Sr vfNA lkseukd o;l ikpk&ipiul¡
de ufg vk] rsa vius nksdkud dkrd ,dpkjhes [kkV ij iM+y jgSr vfN vk ,egj
nksdku pySr jgSr NSdA
vkxk¡es rhu Vk fjD'kk py vcSrµ yne yknA bZgksfjD'kkcyk [kwc gksbr vfNA lqjs'k
euseu xqEgjykgA ge vksfg fnu dgSr&dgSr jfg xsfy,sd ts ,gw cVqd osQa p<+k ygwu r¡
ufg p<+kSydfuA dh r¡ iqfyl idfM+ ysrSdA vk] ,djk lHk csj es iqfyl\ L=khx.kd nsg
r¡ rwj fFkosQdA -----Hkfjld esfVuh&'kks [kre HksySd vfNA iQsj nw Vk fjD'kkA lkbfdyA ikNk¡
futh Vªd---A
lqjs'kosQa i;jd uhpk es vdLekr~ tsuk fpDdu tdk¡ cqf> iM+yfuA ihp NSdA BhosQ
,rcs nwj /fj ihp NSdA ctkj fnll¡ ihp cuSr&cuSr t[ku ,fg Bke v;ySd r¡ BhosQnkj
osQa fxV~Vh vk vydrjk lf/ xsySdA vkc dh djrS\ NksfM+ nsyosQd vk bathfu;j lkgscd
vkxk¡es [kwc xksfÄvk;y vk] vUr es gqudk l¡ fy[kck nsyosQd ts frucV~Vh /fj jksM ihp
Hk, xsy vfNA
rkor ns[kyfu ts vksEgjl¡ pkfj&ik¡p O;fDr vkfc jgy vfNA dqyh VkbiA viukes
xIir djSrA xIi ugh] fookn djSrA lkjka'k ,rcs ts flusekd ukes v'kq¼A nyes nw erA
160 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
fookn rhozrj gksbrA eq[; fo"k; l¡ fookn gfV O;fDrxr Lrj ij gkfcHk xsy NyA lqjs'k eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
eus eu g¡lykgA (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
b,g fFkosQd vLirkyA ljdkjh vLirkyA ,dj th.kksZ}kj Hk, jgySd vfNA Vh-ch-
d vLirky vkc Hkfjld cfu t;rSdA MkDVj lkgsc Hkkjh cSekuA iQyks r¡ HkSfV;s xsyfuA
eqjyhxates ts ,DlhMsaV HksyfuA c¡fp xsykg l,g ,d yk[kA
lqjs'k nfguk dkr ns[kyfuA ukfUgVk ijrhA itsck vk yksgkd <sj ykxyA bZ ijrh r¡
,gh feycrkd jgSdA fo'kky ihijd xkNA yky flesUVl¡ i<+y tfM+A pcwrjk ij f'kothA
dkres ,d Vk [kksiM+hA dgk¡nu Fkkukd ,d Vk flikgh ,fg ihijd xkN rj f'kothd
LFkkiuk d;ydA vkc ts jgSdA
rhu Vk fjD'kk py vcSrA lqjs'k fldjsV ns[kyfuA fe.k r¡ us xsy\ fclfj xsy NykgA
,d lksaV y, ysyfuA ikNk¡l¡ ,d Vk lkbfdy [kwc rstl¡ py xsyfuA vks viu ij;
>kM+yfuA iQsj ,d lksaV fldjsV ysyfuA vk] utfj xsyfu ckek dkrA ,d Vk fiQYMA 'kgj
Hkfjd lHk vkelHkk ,gh iQhYM es gksbr NSdA o"kZ es drsd csj cM+dk&cM+dk usrk yksdfu
,fg Bke vkfc viu Hkk"k.k lquk tkbr NfFkA xka/hth ls gks ,r, vkfc Hkk"k.ka d;us jgfFkA
fiQYMd chpkschp es ,d Vk pcwrjkA iUnzg vxLr vk NCchl tuojh osQa lHk lky frujaxk
>.Mk ,fgBke ,l-Mh-vks- lkgsc iQgcSr NfFkA
vk] dkr ykxy LdwyA gkbZ LdwyA ,rfg gkb Ldwy] fefMy Ldwy vk izkbejh
LdwyA 'kq:es dkystks ,rfg jkfres pyy NySdA cknes dkystosQa viu edku cuySd r¡
vksr, tkosQ i<+kb gksc, yxySdA ikNk¡l¡ ,dVk thi py xsyfuA ,fg thiosQa lqjs'k fpUgSr
NfFkuA usikyh MªkbHkjA ihfcosQ py&cSr vfNA rsa us vksfg fnu eksM+ yx mufV osQ ukyk es
vksa?kjk;y jgSdA rjes MªkbHkj vk mQij es thi gM+gM+kbrA
ckek dkr ,dVk xqerh Vkbi edkuA ,fg es ,d Vk cqf<+;k jgSr vfNA bZ cqf<+;k
ifgus os';k NfyA cknes njksxkthd laidZ HksuSd r¡ edku dhfu ysydA dksjkes ,dVk dU;k
jgSdA vksdj fc;kg djk nsyosQdA tek;osQa ?kj&tek; cukosQa jkf[k ysydA tek; fefMy
Ldwyes ekLVj vk csVh dkyst es i<+Sr NSdA
rdj ckn xkaxqyh ckcwd MsjkA xkaxqyh ckcw jsyos es xkMZ jgfFkA ifjokj es L=kh vk nw
Vk dU;kA jEHkk vk vydkA thou&chekd ts #is;k HksVyfu] rkghl¡ jEHkkd fookg djkSyfuA
oj cspkjh Vh-Vh-lhA fookg es [kwc /we/ke HksySdA [kwc iqDdh ikfM+&ikfM+ L=khx.k yksdfu
djrscrkes xhr xkSyfuA o"ksZ fnuqd ckn jEHkk lklqjl¡ pfy vk;fyA dksjk es usuk jgSdA vksfg
usukd laxs xkaxqyh ckcw ?kjl¡ vkslkjk l¡ cgjh /fj [kwc nkSfM+&nkSfM+ [ksykbr NfFkA vydk
,[ku /fj dkystes i<+Sr NfFkA ,dj pfj=kd fo"k;es ukuk rjgd xIi NSdA bZ r¡ LVs'kud
iS[kkuk fFkdA tdjk iphl Vkdk jg;] vydkd lax lsdUM 'kks nsf[k losQr NhA lqjs'k
eu tsuk foày Hk, xsyfuA ,rck r¡ vo'; ts ,dj pfj=k uhd ufg NSdA fHkulj&lk¡>
bZ jLrkd dkres Bkf<+ Hk, fd,d osQ'k FkdjSr vfN\
lqjs'k rdyfu ts fldjsV r¡ us fe>k xsyA gYyqosQl¡ ,d lksaV ekjyfuA ikNkl ,d
Vk eksVj py xsyA feycykd eksVjA nwjsl¡ ?kaVh ctcSr [kkyh fjD'kk py vcSrA lqjs'k viu
xfr,¡ py tkbrA bZ fFkd eq[kthZ ckcwd MsjkA eq[kthZ ekus enu eq[kthZA eq[kthZ ifjokj csl
iS?kA ik¡p ckyd] pkfj dU;kA lHk vfookfgrA eqnk] m|e'khy] lHk ifjJehA ,d ckyd
eSfFkyh lkfgR;161
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl ekLVj] nkslj jsys es dkt djSrA ck¡dh rhuw ckyd i<+SrA ,d dU;kosQa vkJed HkkjA nkslj
jkeÑ".k vkJees dky djSrA rslj xYlZ LdwyesA vk] lHkl¡ NksfV dkystes i<+SrA enu
ckcw viugq¡ [kwc m|ksxhA cw<+ Hk, xsykg vfN eqnk] pkfj Vk fjD'kk j[kus NfFkA nw #iS;k jkst
ij pyc, nSr NfFkuA lsd.M 'kks flusek nsf[kosQ fiQjfugkj eq[kthZ ckcwd Msjkd vkxk¡es
fjD'kk ykxy ns[kSr NfFk vk bZgks ns[kSr NfFk ts eq[khZ ckcw nhi y,osQa fjD'kk ejEefr d,
jgy NfFkA
lqjs'kosQa g¡lh tdk¡ ykfx xsyfuA jLrkd dkr es fctyhd [kEHkk eqnk] ykbV ufgA
ykbV dksuk jgrSd\ vkokjk NhM+k lHk ts itsck y,osQ cYc iQksfM+ nSr NSdA jLrk vUgkjA
nfguk dkr MsjkA vkxk¡es iQqyckM+hA bUlisDVj lkgscd MsjkA vkWfiQl&de&MsjkA dh djFkq
cspkjs\ ifjokj iS?k NfuA ik¡p dU;k] rhu ckyd] L=kh] Hkkfrt vk HkkfxuA fgud dU;k
yksdfud ekns lsgks yksd lHk dh&dh mM+cSr jgSr NSdA
vk rdj Bhd lks>k&lks>h iS?k nqegykA bZ izksiQslj lkgscd Msjk fFkdfuA ,fges ifgus
vksdhy lkfgc jgSr NykgA 'kgj Hkfjd ukxfjd gqud uke ySr vfNA eqbufg uke dh
iM+;ufg ukeA gquosQ iz;kls dkyst cuyA cspkjs tsuk xjk es mrjh jgfu] Hkfj 'kgj dkystd
[kkfrd Hkh[k eÄus jgfFkA dkyst es ,[kuks gqud rSy&fp=k jk[ky vfN----A tk thykg]
,gh edkues jgfFkA vkc r¡ izksiQslj lkgsc jgSr NfFkA
ckek dkr dusosQ nwjij cksfjÄA vk] r[ku jftLVªh vkfiQlA vkc r¡ jftLVªh vkfiQl
dksVZ ,fj;k py t;rSd------A lqjs'k vkxk¡ c<+ykg ,d Vk gqM+d lu edkuA 'kekZthd
edkuA f'kpj.k 'kekZ vk jkepj.k 'kekZA nw HkkbZA f'ko ckcw tsBA gquosQ cuokvksy bZ edku
fFkd-----f'koky;A jke ckcwd cktkjes nksdku NfuA b,g thu&pkfj o"kZ HksySd vfN ts
f'ko ckcw ,d jkfr laf[k;k [kk ysyfuA L=kh nsf[k xsyfFkuA r¡ vksgks [kk ysyfFkuA nquw ijkuh
vkRegR;k d, ysyfuA ,uk fd,d osQyfu ls vkb /fj Li"V ufg HksySd vfNA dgk¡nu]
rhu&pkfj Vk dU;k jgfFku----vj{k.kh;kA vk] rkfgij ukÄM+ csVk vk rkgwl¡ cf<+ cgqr
Í.k&dtkZA ls izk;% fody Hk,--------A
lqjs'k vuqHko d;yfu ts pyckd xfr cM+ eUn vfNA vUgkj Hk, xsyA iQsj ctkj
gksbr LVs'ku /fj t;ckd NfuA cM+ vcsj Hk, tk;rA Msx rst d;yfuA ---nthZd nksdkuA
bZgks nthZ vn~Hkqr vfNA Hkfj cktkj fctyh tjSr vfN] eqnk bZ viu ckck vkfne tekukd
ykyVsu tjk jgy vfNA-----t¡ gejkl¡ xIi djr r¡ cwf> iM+r ts xIi vudk dgSr NSd vk
gejk r¡ eq¡g nqlSr vfN-----A dkjhxj r¡ deky vfNA ckid deht t¡ lhfc nsr r¡ csVkd¡
dusosQ <hy gks;rSdA rsa us ykyVsu tjcSr vfNA
vk bZ lSywu fFkosQdA 'kqØ fnuosQ cUn jgSr NSdA jgeku fe;k¡ eqlyeku Hk, ukSvkd
dkt djSr vfNA ls fd ikfdLrkues yksd osQ'k ufg dVcSr vfN\----trck dkyes osQ'k
cukvksr] vksrck dkyes jgeku fe;k¡ izkarh; jktuhfrl¡ jkf"Vª; vk vUrjkf"Vªh; jktuhfr Li"V
d, nsr vk vUres bgks dfg nsr ts ,gu osQ'k dydÙkk l¡ ,Egj drgq D;ks ufg cuk losQr
vfNA osQ'k cucSr jgc vk ns[kcSd ts rjg&rjgd yksd Hkhrj vkSrSd vk py t;rSdA
lqjs'k fldjsVd vfUre lksaV ysyfu vk ukyhes iQsfd nsyfu vk 'kghn&pkSd ij
igq¡fp xsykgA csvkfyld Økafr es ,fg Bke MkDVj pkS/jhd csVk Ldwyl¡ ,d iS?k tqywld
162 eSfFkyh lkfgR;
lax >aMk ysus fonk HksyA xksjk&iYVu e'khuxu pykSyosQd vk ckyd pkS/jh Bkefg 'kghn eSfFkyh dFkk /kjk
Hk, xsy----A (dFkk laxzg) laikfndk %
dkek[;k nsoh
pkScV~Vh ij peosQr T;ksfres lqjs'kd fopkj&ekyk gsjk xsyfuA xkSjok vk LokfHkekul¡
vk¡f[k pefd mByfu vk tu&dYyksfyr okrkoj.kd rjaxfr tu&lkxj es fefy ckek eksM+
y, vkxk¡ cf<+ xsykgA

dFkkd rkfRod fo'ys"k.k

dFkkoLrq%&,fg dFkkes dFkkdkj ,dVk uxjh; ifjos'kes vyx&vyx ?kjes tkosQ¡

vyx&vyx yksd&ifjokj ifjfLFkfrd iM+rky djSr NfFkA eksM+&eksM+ ij ,dj uk;d
lqjs'kosQ¡ vyx&vyx n`'; ns[k¿ HksVSr NfUg tdj lw=k idfM+ vks vofLFkfrd o.kZu djSr
NfFk tdjk ys[kd o.kZu Øees izLrqr d;us NfFkuA ifgy o.kZu vfN ,dVk iku chM+hd
nksdku dj¿oyk eaxydA nkslj o.kZu cUn iM+y feyd rslj lkseukd nksdku] fjD'kkoyk]
vLirky] Ldwy] xkaxqyh ckcw] eq[kthZckcw] jftLVªh vkWfiQl] jgeku fe;k¡d lSywuA izR;sd
n`'; vk rF;d cM~M lq{e o.kZu Hksy vfNA ts dksuks ldVk uxj ufg izR;sd uxj vk
dlckd lkekU; n`'; tdk¡ vfNA uxjh; thoul¡ ifjfpr djkcSr bZ dFkk thoud ,ddVk
vuNqvy igywd jgL; lsgks [kksfy nSr vfNA
f'kYi&'kSyh&Hkk"kk%&fuEu oxhZ; ifjokjd leL;k] la?k"kZ] dq.Bk vkfnd euksfo'ys"k.
kkRed vfHkO;atuk fgud dFkkd fo'ks"krk jgy NfuA ^eksM+* 'kh"kZd dFkk ifgus ¶fefFkyk
fefgj¸ es izdkf'kr Hksy Ny iqu% ifjorZud lax ,djk ¶lartkes¸ izdkf'kr d;y xsyk
viu izk;% dFkkes gh o.kZukRed & euksfo'ys"k.kkRed 'kSyh osQ¡ viukSus NfFkuA ,fg dFkkes
lsgks rdj mnkgj.k HksVSr vfNA fgudj Hkk"k lnSr izcq¼ ?kjd xIi&'kIid eSfFkyh jgy
NfuA uxjh; ifjos'kd lq{e vUos"k.k] fo'ys".k vk o.kZu fgudj dFkkes HksVSr vfNA
mís';%&uxjh; thoud okLrfodrkl¡ ifjp; djk;c vk la?k"kZd i`"BHkwfe es iSfl vke
ikBdosQ¡ uxjh; vkd"kZ.kd eksgl¡ lpsr djc vfNA izr;sd eksM+ ij uxjh; thoud vkik&èkkih vk
la?k"kZl¡ ifjp; HksVSr vfNA

O;k[;k

vkxkaes rhuVk fjD'kk py vcSr yneyknA bZgks fjD'kkcyk [kwc gksbr vfN lqjs'k
euseu xqejykgA ge vksfgfnu dgSr&dgSr jfg xsfy,sd ts ,gw cVqdosQ¡ p<+k ygwu r¡ ufg
p<+kSydfuA dh r¡ iqfyl idfM+ ysrSd vk ,djklHk csjes iqfyl\ L=khx.kd nsg r¿ rwj
fFkdSdA
O;k[;k%&izLrqr x|ka'k dFkkdkj g¡ljktd ¶eksM+¸ 'kh"kZd dFkkl¡ ysy xsy vfNA
,fg Bke ,dj uk;d lqjs'k fjD'kkckykd euekuh ij fVIi.kh d¿ jgy vfNA
lanHkZ%&flusekd esVuh 'kks VqVyk ij fjD'kkcyklHk fjD'kk ij ekfjrsjk'k L=khlHkosQ¡
m|us tk jgy vfN r[kus lqjs'kosQ¡ fjD'kkoyk&lHkd pkfy&pyfu ij ,gu rf; eksu iM+Sr
NfuA
eSfFkyh lkfgR;163
 dFkk ,oa miU;kl HkkokFkZ%&fjD'kkcyk ok NksVNhu lokjh MkseMcyklHk izk;% efgykosQ¡ lokjhd :ies
m?kckes cM~M vkxw jgSr vfNA ,fg lanHkZes vksdj NwVk ekufldrk jgSr vfNA ifgy r¡
iq:"kosQ¡ L=khd lkfuè; iflUu vfN nkslj efgyklHkd xIi'kIiosQ¡ fjD'kk pycSr dku ikfr
lqfuosQ¡ vksdjk jl ykxSr vfNA izk;% fjD'kkcyk ok VsEiqcyklHkd bZ izo`fÙk jgSr vfNA
ys[kd ,fg lq{e ?kVuk fnl ikBdd è;ku [khpSr NfFkA
dF;xr fo'ys"k.k%&bZ dFkk :id tdk¡ n`';&nj&n`';d o.kZu djSr ,dvk dlckbZ
okrkoj.kl¡ ifjp; djkcSr vfNA bZ dFkdghu fof'k"V 'kSyh vfNA
vH;klkFkZ iz'u

1- dFkkdkj xaxs'k xqatud] eSfFkyh lkfgR; viknkuosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A

2- <si 'kh"kZd dFkkd rkfÙod fo'ks"krk ij izdk'k fnvA
3- dFkkdkj jk/ko`Q".kd dFkk lkfgR;d ifjp; nSr gqudj ykydkMZ 'kh"kZd dFkkd
fo'ks"krkosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
4- izks- ek;kuan feJd eSfFkyh lkfgR;es ;ksxnku ij izdk'k fnvA
5- VwVSr dhyd tk¡r dFkkd fo'ks"krkosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
6- <si 'kh"kZd dFkk dFkkdkj iz;kl oqQekj pkS/jhd ,dVk fof'k"V dFkk vfNA
foospuk d:A
7- dFkkdkj jkenso >kd voknkuosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
8- ,d [khjk rhu iQkad ,dVk ?kVuk ek=k ufg vfN] bZ 'kks"k.kd ,dVk ;qxhu fp=k
vfNA ,fg rF;osQ¡ è;kues jk[kSr izks- jkenso >kd ,fg dFkkd fo'ys"k.k d:A
9- lkfgR;dkj jkteksgu >kd eSfFkyh lkfgR; es voknkuosQ¡ js[kkafdr d:A
10- ,d ih<+hd varj*d dFkk oSf'k"V~; ij izdk'k fnvA
11- Jhefr 'ksiQkfydk oekZd dFkk lkfgR;es ;ksxnkuosQ¡ js[kkafdr djSr gqudj dFkk
^iQaljhd nw Nksj* dFkk oSf'k"V~;d mn~?kkVu d:A
12- dFkk lkfgR;es yfyrd voknkuosQ¡ js[kkafdr djSr gqudj dFkk ^dapfu;k¡*d
fo'ys"k.k d:A
13- izks- galjkt ,dVk vyx Js.khd dFkkdkj NfFkA fgudj eksM+ 'kh"kZd dFkkd
rkfÙod fo'ys"k.k d:A
14- O;k[;kd iz'uA

164 eSfFkyh lkfgR;