Chapter 6 – Rizal in Spain
Rizal’s Secret Mission
 To make a name in the realm of journalism
 To observe and study the European Society
 To prepare himself for the task of liberating the
Filipino to the Spaniards
May 1, 1882 – Rizal left Calamba
May 3, 1882 – Rizal board the cruiser “Salvadora”
bound to Singapore
Donato Lecha – Ship captain, from Asturias, Spain
May 8, 1882 – Rizal was fascinated to many beautiful
places while approaching Singapore
May 9, 1882 – Salvadora landed at the Singapore
May 11, 1882 – Rizal boarded a vessel named
“Djemnah” bound to Colombo
May 17, 1882 – Djemnah reach Point Galle in
Southern Ceylon(Sri Lanka)
May 18, 1882 – Djemnah resume the voyage to
Colombo, Capital of Ceylon
June 11, 1882 – They reached Naples, Italy
June 12, 1882 – Djemnah docked at the French harbor
of Marseilles
June 15, 1882 – Rizal took a train bound to Barcelona
June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona, Spain
Amor Patio – nationalistic essay written by Rizal.
- First written article of Rizal in Spain’s soil.
- He sent this to his friend, Basilio Teodoro
Moran, publisher of Diariong Tagalog, the
first Manila bilingual newspaper.
- It was written under his pen name “Laong
Laan”, appeared in print in August 20, 1882.
- Moran was impressed in Rizal and requested
more articles. In response, Rizal wrote “Los
Viajes” and “Revista Madrid” which he wrote
on November 30, 1882
November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled in Unibersidad
Central de Madrid in two courses, Medicine and
Philosophy & Letter
- Rizal studied painting & sculpture in
Academy of Fine Arts in San Fernando. Rizal
also took French, German, & English under
private instructor. He diligently practiced
fencing & shooting in Halls of Arms of Sanz y
Carbonell
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
- daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, City
Mayor of Manila during the administration of
the liberal governor general Carlos Ma Dela
Torre
- Rizal composed a poem titled “A La Senorita
C.O.y. P.” dedicated to her, expressing his
admiration. He found solace and joy in her
company.
- Rizal backed out for 2 reasons : (1) he still
engaged with Leonor Rivera (2) his friend,
Eduardo De Lete, was madly in love with
Consuelo
They Asked Me for Verses
- He wrote this poem upon the request of his
circle “Circulo Hispano-Filipino”
- Originally titled as “Mi Piden Versos”
- He declaimed it in the evening of December
31, 1882.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin & Eugene
Sue’s The Wandering Jew
- These two books aroused his sympathy for
the oppressed and unfortunate people.
June 17 – August 20, 1883
- Rizal first vacation
- He visited Paris, boarded at Hotel de Paris
and later moved in cheaper hotel
Rizal came close with the prominent Spanish Liberal
and Republican Spaniards who is mostly mason:
Miguel Morayta – Statesman, Professor, Historian &
Writer
Francisco Pi y Margal – Journalist, Statesman, &
Former President of First Spanish Republic
Manuel Becerra – Minister of Ultramar
Emilio Junoy – Journalist & Member of Spanish Cortes
Juan Ruiz Zorilla – Parlamentarian & Head of
Republican Progressive Party in Madrid
November 20, 1892 – Rizal transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad, where he became a Master Mason
February 15, 1892 – Rizal was awarded the Diploma
as Master Mason on Le Grand Orient de France in
Paris
- Rizal played lukewarm role in Freemasonry,
unlike Marcelo H. Del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena,
and Mariano Ponce who were very active in
Masonic Affairs.
Financial Worries of Rizal
- After his departure from Spain, things turned
worse in Calamba. Drought, Locust
infestation, & increased in rental of land
affects the cultivation and harvest of rice and
sugarcane.
- Due to this, Rizal monthly allowances were
late in arrival and some that allowances
didn’t arrive. Paciano was forced to sell his
yopunger brother’s pony in order to send
money to Rizal.
Touching Incident of Rizal
- June 18, 1884, Rizal attended class with
empty stomach because he was unable to buy
& eat breakfast. He participated in Greek
Language Contest and won gold medal.
- After that he was able to eat dinner, for he
was a guest speaker in a banquet in honor of
Juan Luna & Felix Hidalgo at Restaurant
Ingles in Madrid
June 21, 1884 – Rizal conferred a degree of Licentiate
in Medicine with a rating of “Fair”
- In the next academic year (1884-1885), he
continue & passed all the subject leading him
to the degree of Doctor of Medicine, but he
was unable to present his thesis nor paid
corresponding fees.
June 19, 1884 – Rizal was also awarded the degree of
Licentiate of Philosophy & Letters by Unibersidad
Central de Madrid with a rating of
“Excellent”(Sobrasaliente)
Chapter 7 – Paris to Berlin
- After terminating his study in Madrid, Rizal
who already a physician went in Paris to
acquire knowledge in ophthalmology.
- Rizal stopped at Barcelona to visit his friend,
Maximo Viola, and stays for a week.
Maximo Viola – a medical student & A member of a
rich family in San Miguel, Bulacan
Señor Eusebio Cosominas – editor of the newspaper
“La Publicidad”
Don Miguel Morayta – statesman & owner of “La
Publicidad”
- Rizal befriended Cosominas and draw a
crayon sketch of Don Miguel. Rizal gave
Cosominas an article on Caroline Question
and controversial issue for publication
November 1885 – Rizal worked as assistant of Dr.
Louis de Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist,
and stays for four months.
Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Felix & Paz), Juan Luna, &
Felix Hidalgo, Rizal’s Friends who he was visiting
when he was outside his working hours.
Paz Pardo de Tavera – engaged to Juan Luna.
- Rizal spent happy hours at the studio of Juan
Luna, he also helped Luna by posing as
models. He poses in Juan Luna’s “The death of
Cleopatra” & “The Blood Compact”
- Rizal came to play the flute fairly well. He was
a flutist in various impromptu reunions of
Filipinos in Paris.
Alin Mang Lahi(Any Race) – a patriotic song which
asserts that any race aspires for freedom
La Deportacion(Deportation)- a sad danza which he
wrote when he was exiled in Dapitan.
February 1, 1886 – he left Paris and went to Germany
February 3, 1886 – he arrived in Heidelberg, Germany
- After a few days, Rizal transferred to a
boarding house near the University of
Heidelberg. He worked at the University Eye
Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto
Becker, distinguished German
ophthalmologist, and attended the lectures of
Doctor Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne at
the university.
“To the Flower of Heidelberg(A Las Flores de
Heidelberg)” – a fine poem he wrote on April 22,1886
Light Blue Forget-me-Not – Rizal favorite flower
- Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation
at Wilhelmsfield, a mountainous village near
Heidelberg.
Dr. Karl Ullmer – Kind protestant pastor, & Rizal good
friend and admirer
June 25, 1886 – Rizal returned to Heidelberg carrying
beautiful memories with Ullmer friendship and
hospitaslity
July 31, 1886 – Rizal wrote a German letter to Prof.
Ferninand Blumentritt
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Director of the Atenco
of Leitmeritz, Austria.
August 6, 1886 – Fifth Centenary Celebration of
University of Heidelberg
August 9, 1886 – he left the city and boarded a train to
Leipzig
August 14, 1886 – he arrived on Leipzig
- He attended some lecture in University of
Leipzig and befriended Professor Friedrich
Ratzel, a famous German historian, and Dr.
Hans Meyer, German anthropologist.
- Cost of living in Leipzig was cheapest in
Europe so that he stayed two months and a
half in this German city.
October 29, 1886 – he left Leipzig for Dresden and
stays for 2 days
- he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum
and he heard a catholic mass.
November 1, 1886 – Rizal left Dresden by train and
reached Berlin in evening
Dr. Feodor Jagor – German scientist-traveler and
author of Travels in the Philippines, a book which
Rizal read and admired during his student days in
Manila.
Dr. Rudolf Virchow – French German Anthropologist
Dr. Hans Virchow – son of Dr. Rudolf and Professor of
Descriptive Anatomy
Dr. Wilhelm Joest – German Geographer
Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – Famous German
Ophthalmologist, Rizal worked as his assistant in his
clinic.
Rizal lived in Germany for 5 reasons;
1. To gain further knowledge in ophthalmology
2. To further his studies of sciences & languages
3. To observe economic and political conditions
of the German nation
4. To associate with famous German scientist
and scholars
5. To publish his novel, Noli Me tangere
Winter of 1886 in Berlin – Rizal darkest winter
- During this winter, he lived in poverty
because no money arrived from Calamba, his
diamond ring which Saturnina gave was in
the pawnshop. He was eating once a day; his
clothes were threadbare & washed them
himself .