EQUILIBRIUM MCQ [59 marks]

↑ ↑
1. What effect does increasing both pressure and temperature have on the [1 mark]
equilibrium constant, Kc?
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ΔH = −45.9 kJ
A. Decreases
-
B. Increases
C. Remains constant
D. Cannot be predicted as effects are opposite

2. Kc for 2N2O (g) ⇌ 2N2 (g) + O2 (g) is 7.3 × 1034. [1 mark]

What is Kc for the following reaction, at the same temperature?
N2 (g) + 12 O2 (g) ⇌ N2O (g)
A. 7.3 × 1034
~
B. 1
√7.3×1034

C. 2
7.3×1034

D. 1
2×7.3×1034

3. What is the equilibrium constant expression for the following equation? [1 mark]
2NO2 (g) + F2 (g) ⇌ 2NO2F (g)
2[NO2F]

-
A.
2[NO2]+[F2]
2[NO2F]
B.
2[NO2][F2]
[NO2]2[F2]
C.
[NO2F]2
L
[NO2F]2
~
D.
[NO2]2[F2]
4. Consider the reaction: [1 mark]
2N2O (g) ⇌ 2N2 (g) + O2 (g)
The values of Kc at different temperatures are:

Which statement is correct at higher temperature?

v
A. The forward reaction is favoured.
B. The reverse reaction is favoured.
C. The rate of the reverse reaction is greater than the rate of the forward
reaction.
D. The concentration of both reactants and products increase.

5. The equilibrium constant for N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) is K. [1 mark]

What is the equilibrium constant for this equation?
2N2(g) + 6H2(g) ⇌ 4NH3(g)
A. K
B. 2K
C. K2
-
D. 2K2

6. Which factor does not affect the position of equilibrium in this reaction? [1 mark]
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) ΔH = −58 kJ mol−1
A.
~ Change in volume of the container
B. Change in temperature
C. Addition of a catalyst
D. Change in pressure
7. What will happen if the pressure is increased in the following reaction [1 mark]
mixture at equilibrium?
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCO3− (aq)
A. The equilibrium will shift to the right and pH will decrease.
NPOS
B. The equilibrium will shift to the right and pH will increase.
C. The equilibrium will shift to the left and pH will increase.
D. The equilibrium will shift to the left and pH will decrease.

8. Consider the equilibrium between N2O4(g) and NO 2(g). [1 mark]

N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g) ΔH = +58 kJmol−1
Which changes shift the position of equilibrium to the right?
I. Increasing the temperature
II. Decreasing the pressure
III. Adding a catalyst
A. I and II only
~
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

9. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for the following [1 mark]
reaction?
2NH3(g) + 2O2(g) ⇌ N2O(g) + 3H2O(g)
3[H2O][N2O]
A.
2[NH3]2[O2]
[NH3]2[O2]2
B.
[N2O][H2O]3
2[NH3]2[O2]
C.
3[H2O][N2O]
[N2O][H2O]3
~
D. 2
[NH3] [O2]
2
10. What happens when the temperature of the following equilibrium system [1 mark]
is increased?
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) ΔHθ = -91kJ

11. What is the effect of increasing temperature on the equilibrium? [1 mark]

12. Which change will favour the reverse reaction in the equilibrium? [1 mark]
E
2CrO4 (aq) + 2H+ (aq) ⇌ Cr2 O2−
2−
7 (aq) + H2 O(l) ΔH = −42 kJ
A. Adding OH− (aq)
-
B. Adding H+ (aq)

C. Increasing the concentration of CrO2−

4 (aq)
D. Decreasing the temperature of the solution
13. Carbon monoxide and water react together in the industrial production of [1 mark]
hydrogen gas.

CO(g) + H2 O(g) ⇌ CO2 (g) + H2 (g)

What is the impact of decreasing the volume of the equilibrium mixture at a
constant temperature?
A. The amount of H2 (g) remains the same but its concentration decreases.
B. The forward reaction is favoured.
C. The reverse reaction is favoured.

-D. The value of Kc remains unchanged.

14. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc , for the formation of [1 mark]
hydrogen iodide from its elements?

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

[HI]2
~ A.
Kc = [H2]×[I2]
[2HI]
B. Kc = [H2]+[I2]
2[HI]2
C. Kc = [H2]+[I2]
[2HI]
D. Kc = [H2]×[I2]

15. Which combination of temperature and pressure will give the greatest [1 mark]
yield of sulfur trioxide?
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g) ΔH = −196kJ

-
16. Which equilibrium reaction shifts to the product side when the [1 mark]
temperature is increased at constant pressure and to the reactant side
when the total pressure is increased at constant temperature?

~A. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g) ΔH Θ < 0

B. N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) ΔH Θ > 0

C. H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g) ΔH Θ < 0
D. PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ⇌ PCl5 (g) ΔH Θ > 0

17. Which statement correctly describes the effect of a catalyst on the [1 mark]
equilibrium below?

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

~
A. It increases the rates of both forward and reverse reactions equally.
B. It increases the rate of the forward reaction but decreases the rate of the
reverse reaction.
C. It increases the value of the equilibrium constant.
D. It increases the yield of NH3 .

18. Which statement is correct for a reversible reaction when Kc ≫ 1? [1 mark]

~
A. The reaction almost goes to completion.
B. The reaction hardly occurs.
C. Equilibrium is reached in a very short time.
D. At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is much higher than the rate of
the backward reaction.

19. Consider this reaction at equilibrium. R [1 mark]

H2 S(aq) + Zn2+ (aq) ⇌ ZnS(s) + 2H+ (aq) ΔH < 0
Which change shifts the equilibrium position to the right?
A. Adding sodium hydroxide
B. Decreasing pressure
C. Adding a catalyst

~D. Increasing temperature

20. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc , for this reaction? [1 mark]

2NO(g) + H2 (g) ⇌ N2 O(g) + H2 O(g)

[N2O]+[H2O]
A. Kc = 2[NO]+[H2] X
[NO]2[H2]
B. Kc = [N2O][H2O]
[2NO]+[H2]
C. Kc = [N2O]+[H2O]
[N2O][H2O]
D. Kc =
-
[NO]2[H2]

21. Which is always correct for a reaction at equilibrium? [1 mark]

22. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc , for the following [1 mark]
reaction?

2H2 S(g) ⇌ 2H2 (g) + S2 (g)

[H2S]2
A. Kc =
[H2]2[S2]
[H2][S2]
B. Kc = [H2S]
2[H2]+[S2]
C. Kc = 2[H2S]
[H2]2[S2]
-
D. Kc =
[H2S]2
23. What happens to the position of equilibrium and the value of Kc in the [1 mark]
following reaction when the temperature is decreased?
N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) ΔH Θ = +57.2kJ

24. The value of the equilibrium constant, Kc , for a reaction is 1.0 × 10−10 . [1 mark]
Which statement about the extent of the reaction is correct?
-
A. The reaction hardly proceeds.
B. The reaction goes almost to completion.
C. The products have a higher concentration than the reactants.
D. The concentrations of reactants and products are the same.

25. Which changes occur when the temperature is decreased in the following [1 mark]
equilibrium?
2BrCl(g) ⇌ Br2 (g) + Cl2 (g)ΔH Θ = −14kJ

-
~
 Hydrogen and iodine react in a closed vessel to form hydrogen iodide.

H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

At 350 °C Kc = 60
At 445 °C Kc = 47

26. Which statement is correct when the system is at equilibrium at 350 °C? [1 mark]

~
A. The concentrations of all reactants and products are equal.
B. The concentrations of the reactants are greater than the concentration of the
product.
C. The reaction, as written, barely proceeds at this temperature.
D. The reaction, as written, goes almost to completion at this temperature.

27. Which statement describes and explains the conditions that favour the [1 mark]
-
formation of hydrogen iodide?
-

A. Increased temperature as the forward reaction is exothermic, and increased

pressure as there are two gaseous reactants and only one gaseous product
B. Increased temperature as the forward reaction is endothermic, and pressure
has no effect as there are equal amounts, in mol, of gaseous reactants and
products
C. Decreased temperature as the forward reaction is exothermic, and
decreased pressure as there are two moles of gaseous product but only one mole
of each gaseous reactant

-D. Decreased temperature as the forward reaction is exothermic, and pressure

has no effect as there are equal amounts, in mol, of gaseous reactants and
products

28. Consider the following reaction: [1 mark]

2A ⇌ C Kc = 1.1
Which statement is correct when the reaction is at equilibrium?
A. [A] ≫ [C]
B. [A] > [C]
~
C. [A] = [C]
D. [A] < [C]

3+ −
29. Iron(III) ions, Fe3+ , react with thiocyanate ions, SCN− , in a reversible [1 mark]
reaction to form a red solution. Which changes to the equilibrium will make the
solution go red?

Fe3+ (aq) + SCN− (aq) ⇌ [FeSCN]2+ (aq) ΔH Θ = +ve

YellowRed
I. Increasing the temperature
II. Adding FeCl3
III. Adding a catalyst
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
~
D. I, II and III

30. What is the equilibrium constant expression, Kc , for the following [1 mark]
reaction?

2NOBr(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Br2 (g)

[NO][Br2]
A. Kc = [NOBr]

~
B. Kc =
[NO]2[Br2]
[NOBr] 2
2[NO]+[Br2]
C. Kc = [2NOBr]
[NOBr] 2
D. Kc =
[NO]2[Br2]

31. What is represented by A in A X2− ? [1 mark]

Z
A. Number of electrons
B. Number of neutrons
C. Number of nucleons
-
D. Number of protons
32. Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital? [1 mark]

33. Bromine consists of two stable isotopes that exist in approximately a 1 : 1 [1 mark]
ratio. The relative atomic mass, Ar, of bromine is 79.90. Which are the
stable isotopes of bromine?

~
A. Br and79 81Br

B. 80Br and 81Br

C. 78Br and 80Br

D. 79Br and 80Br

34. What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, [1 mark]
Cr (Z = 24)?
A. [Ar]3d6
B. [Ar]4s23d4
C. [Ar]4s 1 3d5
-
D. [Ar]4s24p4

35. Which is correct for 34 S2− ? [1 mark]

16

36. Which transition in the hydrogen atom -

emits visible light? [1 mark]
A. n = 1 to n = 2
B. n = 2 to n = 3
-
~ C. n = 2 to n = 1
D. n = 3 to n = 2
37. Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen? [1 mark]
I. The lines converge at higher frequencies.
II. Electron transitions to n = 2 are responsible for lines in the visible region.
III. Lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higher energy levels.

~A. I and II only

B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

38. Which statement about 56Fe3+ and 54Fe2+ is correct? [1 mark]

A. Both have the same numbers of protons and electrons.

B. Both have the same number of protons.
-
C. Both have the same number of neutrons.
D. Both have the same numbers of protons and neutrons.

39. Which shows the number of subatomic particles in 31P3−? [1 mark]

40. Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen [1 mark]
in the visible region?
I. The red line has a lower energy than the blue line.
II. The lines converge at longer wavelength.
III. The frequency of the blue line is greater than the frequency of the red line.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
-
D. I, II and III

26
41. What is the composition of the nucleus of 26Mg? [1 mark]

42. What is the number of protons and the number of neutrons in 131I? [1 mark]

131
93
~ -
-

18

43. Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground [1 mark]
state?
A. [Ne]3s23p64s 13d4
B. [Ar]3d3
C. 1s22s 22p63s 23p64s 23d4
D. [Ar]4s13d5
-

44. In which set do all the species contain more electrons than neutrons? [1 mark]
A. 14N, 16O, 11C

B. 14N, 16O, 11C4–

~
C. 14N3– , 16O 2– , 11C

D. 14N3– , 16O 2– , 11C4+

45. Which electron transition in the hydrogen atom emission spectrum emits [1 mark]
radiation with the longest wavelength?
A. n = 2 →n = 1
B. n = 1 →n = 2
C. n = 4 →n = 1

-D. n = 3 →n = 2
46. The full electron configuration of an element is: [1 mark]
1s 22s 22p63s 23p2
To which group and period does the element belong?

W
47. What does 24 Mg 2+ represent? [1 mark]
12
A. An ion with 12 protons and 24 neutrons
B. An ion with 14 protons and 24 neutrons
C. An ion with 12 protons and 12 neutrons
~
D. An ion with 12 protons and 22 neutrons

48. Which electron transition emits radiation of the longest wavelength? [1 mark]

0
49. Which is correct for the line emission spectrum for hydrogen? [1 mark]

A. Line M has a higher energy than line N.

B. Line N has a lower frequency than line M.
-
C. Line M has a longer wavelength than line N.
D. Lines converge at lower energy.

50. Which is correct for the chromium isotope 53 Cr? [1 mark]

24
A. 24 neutrons and 53 nucleons ↳B24
B. 24 protons and 29 nucleons -
-

-C. 24 protons and 29 neutrons 20

D. 24 electrons and 53 neutrons

51. What is the condensed electron configuration of the Fe2+ ion? [1 mark]
-
A. [Ar]3d6
B. [Ar]3d44s 2
C. [Ar]3d54s 1
D. [Ar]3d64s 2

52. Which electron configuration is correct for the selenide ion, Se2−? [1 mark]
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4d10 4p4
B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4d10 4p6
~C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4
D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6

53. Which statements about the chlorine free radical are correct? [1 mark]
I. It has 18 electrons.
II. It is an uncharged species.
III. It is formed by homolytic fission.
A. I and II only
~
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
54. Which statement about the isotopes of nitrogen is correct? [1 mark]

55. Ultraviolet radiation has a shorter wavelength than infrared radiation. [1 mark]
How does the frequency and energy of ultraviolet radiation compare with
infrared radiation?

56. What is the total number of valence electrons in CH3 COO− ? [1 mark]
A. 16
B. 22
C. 23
NPOS
D. 24

57. Which statement is correct for the ion 9 Be2+ ? [1 mark]

4
A. The ion contains 15 subatomic particles in the nucleus.
B. The ion contains more protons than neutrons in the nucleus.

-C. The ion has an electron arrangement of 2,2.

D. Most of the total volume of the ion is empty space.

58. Which ion will be deflected most in a mass spectrometer? [1 mark]

+
A. 16 O
~
B. 16 O
2+

+
C. 18 O
2+
D. 18 O
 59. Which ion will show the least deflection in a mass spectrometer? [1 mark]
+
A. 35 Cl
2+
B. 35 Cl
35
C. 35 Cl Cl+
37 +
D. 35 Cl Cl
-

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