V. Demenko.

Mechanics of Materials 1

LECTURE 6

Construction of Bending Moment and Shearing Force Diagrams for Two

Supported Beams
In this case of loading we should determine the support reactions first.
Example 1.

G: F, a, b.
R.D: Qz(x), My(x).
Let us find the support

reactions and RA from the RB

equations of equilibrium of
the beam:
(1)

, (2)

, (3)

. (4)

Let us check the support reactions

, . (5)

The result is true.

Let us divide the beam into portions and write the expressions of shearing
forces and bending moments for these portions. From the conditions of

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2 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials

equilibrium of the left or right portion of the cut rod it follows that for portion I
at a distance x from support A

, . (6)

Portion II. Section II may be at a distance x: with .

, (7)

. (8)

Thus, in each portion of the beam, the force Qz is constant and is positive
for portion I and negative for portion II.
The moment depends linearly on x; it increases in portion I from 0 to

and increases from zero to this value in portion II. The diagrams of Qz(x)

and My(x) can now be constructed by considering these conclusions.

It should be noted that the diagram of shearing forces has a abrupt in the
point of application of an external force, which is equal to the magnitude of that
force.
For instance, the Qz(x) diagram has three abrupt corresponding to the

forces RA, F, RB:

. (9)

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 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials 3

Example 2.

G: M, a, b.
R.D: Qz(x), My(x).
The reactions are

, (10)

, . (11)

Portion I:

, (12)

(13)

Portion II :

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4 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials

, (14)

. (15)

Where the moment is applied, the bending moment diagram has “jump”
(abrupt). It is equal to the magnitude to the active moment.

Example 3.

G: q, l.
R.D: Qz(x), My(x).

Let us determine the reactions of

supports A and B:
. (16)

In portion I :

, (17)

. (18)

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 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials 5

The shearing force decreases linearly from to and the bending

moment varies along the beam length non-linearly and attains the maximum
value in the beam mid.

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6 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials

Example 4.
G: q, l.
R.D: Qz(x), My(x).
The determination of the support
reactions :

, , (19)

, (20)

, , (21)

, (22)

, . (23)

The equations of Qz(x) and My(x) are as follows:

; (24)

Extreme value:

. (25)

. (27)

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 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials 7

1. Relationships between Bending Moment My, Shearing Force Qz and

Distributed Load Intensity q(x) .
Let a rod be fixed in arbitrary manner and subjected to a distributed load
of intensity in the general case. There are other loads acting on the
beam. The direction adopted for q is considered positive (see Fig.1).

Fig.1
Isolate an element of length dx from the rod and apply at the sections

moments My and My+dMy and also shearing forces Qz and Qz+dQz.

The load q may be considered to be uniformly distributed within the small
segment dx (see Fig.2).

Fig. 2
Equate to zero the sum of the projections of all forces on a vertical axis z:
. (27)
Making simplifications, we obtain
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8 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials

. (28)

Equate to zero the sum of the moments about a transverse axis y

(29)

Making simplifications and rejecting the small quantity of higher order,

we obtain

. (30)

Thus the shearing force does in fact represent the derivative of the
bending moment with respect to the length of the rod.
The derivative of the shearing force gives the intensity of external
distributed load q.

Example 5. (General case)

G: q=20 kN/m,
F=50 kN,
M=130 kNm,
a=3 m,
b = c = d = 1 m.
R.D: Qz(x), My(x).
1.The determination of the reactions

RA and RB:

a) ,

b) ,

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 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials 9

kN;
c) , !
kN;
kN;
kN;
kN.
kNm,
kNm,

kNm,

kNm.

According to expressions (28, 30) it is necessary to investigate the

functions Qz and My for the third portion:

With the function takes on the maximum value:

kNm.

3. Construction of Internal Force Factors Diagrams for Statically

Determinated Frames.
By a bar system is meant any structure consisting of rod-shaped elements.
If the elements of a structure act primarily in tension or compression, the
bar system is called a truss.
If the elements of a bar system are primarily in bending or torsion, the
system is called a frame.
We will consider plane frames.

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10 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials

By a statically determinate system is meant a system for which all the

reactions of the supports can be determined by means of equations of
equilibrium and with the supporting reactions available, the internal force
factors at any cross section can also be found by the method of sections.
Example 6.
G: q=20 kN/m,
l=3 m.
R.D: Nx(x), Qz(x), My(x).
At first let us determine the
reactions in supports A and B:
a) ,
,

kN;

b) ,
kN:
c) , , kN.
Let us receive the equations of the internal force factors:
;

kN;

kN;
kN;
kN;
kN;
kNm;

kNm;

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 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials 11

kNm.
Using this equations the bending moment diagram and the diagrams of
normal and shearing forces may be constructed:

4. Construction of the Qz(x) and My(x) Diagrams for Curvilinear Beams.

G: R, F.
R.D: Nx(x), Qz(x), My(x).
The force F can be
resolved along the x and z axes
into the components
and .
, ,

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VOCABULARY 6

adopt ___________________
пpинимать
investigate ___________________
исследовать
truss ___________________
феpма
available ___________________
доступный
fix ___________________
фиксировать
curvilinear ___________________
кpиволинейный
frame ___________________
pама
statically determinate ___________________
статически
system опpеделимая система
statically indeterminate ___________________ статически
system неопpеделимая система

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 V. Demenko. Mechanics of Materials 13

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