CORE GATEWAY COLLEGE, Inc.

Maharlika Highway cor. Cardenas St.

San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
Tel. No.: (044) 511-1609 Fax No.: 940-3154

TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM

Remedial Instruction in English

(COGNATE 3)
MODULE

Baer, Karen Joy V.

BSED-2 ENGLISH

SECOND SEMESTER
FINALS
SY: 2020-2021
 English 8

Schedule:

Tuesday 9am – 10am

Thursday 9am – 10am

Week 2

A. Topic: The Literature of Myanmar (Formerly called Burma)

B. Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the student should be able to:

1. discuss the past and modern literature of Myanmar,

2. identify the beginning of Myanmar literature, and

3. share insights about Myanmar literature.

C. Lesson:

The Literature of Myanmar (Formerly called Burma)

Myanmar literature began as early as the Bagan period in the eleventh century and was

inscribed on stones called kyauksa which are still in existence. Works like Yakhaing minthami

eigyn (Cradle Song of the Princess Arakan), Maniratanapum (a collection of traditions), and

Hatthipala Pyo (long poems on the life of Buddha) were heavily influenced by India and

Thailand.

In the fifteenth century, literature was religious in nature. There were the Jataka tales told by

Buddha to his disciples to answer particular questions. War poems composed by monarchs called
kagyin were also popular. Myanmar’s written prose consists of works on law and history. Also,

many dramas were written during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.

The style and form evolved when Myanmar literature was influenced by British in the

nineteenth century. Although poems, drama, and chronicles were produced, much of the

traditional literature still grew. Written plays for the court were not performed but were meant to

be read.

Modern literature in Myanmar began in the 1930s and its first novel was an adaptation of

Alexander Dumas’ “The Count of Monte Cristo.” Two of Myanmar’s notable authors are Dr.

Htin Aung, who wrote “Burmese Drama and Burmese Folk Tales” and U Khan Zaw, a poet and

short story writer, who wrote the biography, “Burma in My Lifetime.”

Have you ever heard the folk songs about planting rice? The Filipinos have songs for

planting rice, while the People of Myanmar have songs for pounding rice.

Discover Myanmar’s culture through their harvest songs.

 Rice Pounding Songs

(Folk Songs from Myanmar)

Translated by U Khan Saw

With the music of drums and gongs.

Set down the mortars, line them up neatly.

Girls of She Noun, take up the pestle-stones; 3

Then we sing Shwe Nyaung and chant it There is a red-gold radiance over there;

merrily in time, Perhaps the sun has risen.

As gracefully as we pound away. No, it’s the dyed robes of the monks

On their rounds with their begging bowls.

2 Come fill them with alms-food!

What means that noise, that bustle we hear? 4

Oh, a lady of She Noun is giving alms, This Chicrkransia which I planted
Isn’t it lovely? Tiny buds on slender stems My plant will wither away, you know.

But if you pluck them before they flower,

5 I live in a house of teak,

Hey there, maiden at the loom, Bright at night with torches,

What cloth are you weaving? It’s true my parents are strict;

Oh, need you ask, in these thin times? Yet if you dare not come yourself,

It’s cotton coverlet for me. You can at least send a letter.

7 8

The poor man is moping in the house, My handsome brother, a word with you

Feeling out of sorts and shaky Before you leave for lower country;

Because he’s short of opium. If you find a wife there do not leave her;

Very well, wry, Bring her to us, we’ve use for her.

Sell my fine gold earplugs if you must, She can fetch us water, gather firewood,

But make sure you get a good price for And pound our rice-oh, lots of uses!

them!

I’ve bought a pair of sandals,

Such pretty red sandals.

But I shan’t wear them yet.

When you and I are truly wedded,

Then I shall wear them.

 D. Activities:
Formative:
 Discussion
 Short quiz

Write the word which has the same meaning as the underlined word in the sentence.

1. Father plucked the feather of the bird.

2. Mom put the coverlet at the bottom of the bed.

3. The door in my room is made in solid teak.

4. Many people throughout the world eat or smoke opium.

5. Her dark eyes began to twinkle and her lips slowly twisted into a wry smile.
 English 8

Week 2

A. Topic: Vietnamese Literature

B. Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the student should be able to:

4. discuss the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence

5. enumerate the kinds of poetry, and

6. appreciate the importance of Vietnamese literature.

C. Lesson:

Vietnamese Literature

Vietnamese literature consists of both oral and written. In spite of constant foreign invasions, its

own distinctiveness remained.

Folk literature had deeply influenced the spiritual life of the Viets. It always admired

beauty, humanism, and the love of goodness which promoted the development of national

consciousness. Powerful legends, fairy tales, humorous stories, folk songs, and epics live on

today.

Written literature first appeared around the tenth century with the primary role of

preserving the main traits of Vietnamese literature. The literary works that were written in Han

(classical Chinese) and chu nom became increasingly popular until the eighteenth century. The

chu nom poems of female poets, Doan Thi Diem and Ho Xuan Huong, and the Tale of Kieu by

Nguyen Du were the finest of Vietnamese literature. However, classical Chinese works died out
at the start of the twentieth century, and the country’s literature was then written in Vietnamese

quocngu (Romanized national language). The Western culture that swayed Vietnam’s

socioeconomic structure developed Vietnamese literature rapidly in terms of quantity, genre, and

form. Among the notable Vietnamese writers are the following:

Prose Poetry

Ngo Tat To Pham Huy Thong

Nguyen Hong Xuan Dieu

Nguyen Cong Hoan Luutrong Lu

Nam Cao Huy Can

Vu Trong Phung To Huu

Vietnamese Declaration of Independence

(President’s Address, Hanoi, September 1945)

by President Ho Chin Minh

"All men are created equal. They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable

rights; among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." This immortal statement

was made in the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America in 1776. In a

broader sense, this means: All the peoples on the earth are equal from birth, all the peoples have

a right to live, to be happy and free.

The Declaration of the French Revolution made in 1791 on the Rights of Man and the

Citizen also states: "All men are born free and with equal rights, and must always remain free
and have equal rights."Nevertheless, for more than eighty years, the French imperialists, abusing

the standard of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, have violated our Fatherland and oppressed our

fellow citizens. They have acted contrary to the ideals of humanity and justice.

In the field of politics, they have deprived our people of every democratic liberty. They

have enforced inhuman laws; they have set up three distinct political regimes in the North, the

Center, and the South of Vietnam in order to wreck our national unity and prevent our people

from being united. They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly blood.

They have fettered public opinion; they have practiced forced us to use opium and alcohol.

In the field of economics, they have fleeced us to the backbone, impoverished our people,

and devastated our land. They have robbed us of our rice fields, our mines, our forests, banknotes

and the export trade. They have invented numerous unjustifiable taxes and reduced our people,

especially our prospering of our national bourgeoisie; they have mercilessly exploited our

workers.

In the autumn of 1940, when the Japanese Fascists violated Indochina's territory to

establish new bases in their fight against the Allies, the French imperialists went down on their

bended knees and handed over our country to them. Thus, from that date, our people were

subjected to the double yoke of the French and the Japanese. Their sufferings and miseries

increased. The result was that from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, from Quang

Tri province to the North of Vietnam, more than two million of our fellow citizens died from

starvation.

On March 9, the French troops were disarmed by the Japanese. The French colonialists

either fled or surrendered, showing that not only were they incapable of "protecting" us, but that,

in the span of five years, they had twice sold our country to the Japanese. On several occasions
before March 9, the Vietminh League urged the French to ally themselves with it against the

Japanese. Instead of agreeing to this proposal, the French colonialists so intensified their terrorist

activities against the Vietminh members that before fleeing they massacred a great number of our

political prisoners detained at Yen Bay and Cao Bang.

Notwithstanding all this, our fellow-citizens have always manifested toward the French a

tolerant and humane attitude. Even after the Japanese putsch of March 1945, the Vietminh

League helped many French men to cross the frontier rescued some of them from Japanese jails

and protected French lives and property. From the autumn of I940, our country had in fact ceased

to be a French colony and had become a Japanese possession. After the Japanese had surrendered

to the Allies, our whole people rose to regain our national sovereignty and to found the

Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The truth is that we have wrested our independence from the

Japanese and not from the French. The French have fled, the Japanese have capitulated, Emperor

Bao Dai has abdicated. Our people have broken the chains which for nearly a century have

fettered them and have won independence for the Fatherland. Our people at the same time have

overthrown the monarchic regime that has reigned supreme for dozens of centuries. In its

place has been established the present Democratic Republic. For these reasons, we, members of

the Provisional Government, representing the whole Vietnamese people, declare that from now

on we break of all relations of a colonial character with France; we repeat all the international

obligation that France has so far subscribed to on behalf of Vietnam and we abolish all the

special rights the French have unlawfully acquired in our Fatherland. The whole Vietnamese

people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any

attempt by the French colonialists to re-conquer their country.

 We are convinced that Tehran and San Francisco have of self-determination and

equality of nations will not refuse to acknowledge the independence of Vietnam. A people who

has courageously opposed French domination for more than eighty years, a people who have

fought side by side with the Allies against the fascists during these last years, such a people must

be free and independent. For these reasons, we, members of the Provisional Government of the

Democratic Republic of Vietnam, solemnly declare to the world that Vietnam has the right to be

a free and independent country and in fact it is so already. The entire Vietnamese people are

determined to mobilize all their physical and mental strength, to sacrifice their lives and property

in order to safeguard their independence and liberty.

D. Activities:
Formative:
 Discussion
 Recitation

E. Memorize and recite the poem Twenty Years by Do Tan

TWENTY YEARS
by Do Tan (born circa 1940)

The girl grew up to become a woman

the boy grew up to become a man
man met woman in the forbidden wood
their child was the gift of spring.

The spring child joined the revolution

the revolution was a ravening cannibal
man’s portion was exile, prison, bullets,
with sun, roses, and a blood-reeking flag.
 The woman weeps for the girl that was
the man weeps for the boy that was
their child sleeps the eternal sleep in the earth
the spring hangs its head and sighs.

50 40 30 20

Delivery The speaker The speaker The speaker The speaker

memorized the memorized the memorize the minimally
poem and poem. The poem The memorized
delivers the volume is not volume is too the poem.
message in a too low or too low or too loud The volume
confident, loud and the rate and the rate is is so low and
poised, is not too fast or too fast or too the rate is so
enthusiastic too slow. The slow. The fast that you
fashion. The pronunciation pronunciation cannot
volume and rate and enunciation and enunciation understand
varies to add are clear. The are unclear. The most of the
emphasis and speaker exhibits speaker exhibits message. The
interest. few- many pronunciation
Pronunciation disfluencies, disfluencies, and
and enunciation such as 'ahs,' such as 'ahs,' enunciation
are very clear. 'uhms,' or 'you 'uhms,' or 'you are very
The speaker knows. knows.' unclear. The
exhibits very speaker
few disfluencies, appears
such as 'ahs,' uninterested.
'uhms,' or 'you
knows.'
 English 8

Schedule:

Tuesday 9am – 10am

Thursday 9am – 10am

Week 3

A. Topic: Comparing and Contrasting the Presentation of the Same Topic in Different

Viewing Genres

B. Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the student should be able to:

1. compare or contrast two or more things differently,

2. define comparing and contrasting, and

3. analyze and evaluate information.

C. Lesson:

Comparing and Contrasting the Presentation of the Same Topic in Different Viewing

Genres

ADJECTIVES can be used to show a comparison between two subjects. There are two main

forms of adjectives when discussing comparisons: Comparative, which compares between two

subjects; as well as Superlative, which is used when comparing three or more subjects. An

example would be the word slow. The comparative form of slow would be slower, which states
that one subject is slower than another. The superlative form of slow would be slowest, which

states that one subject is slower than all of the two or more subjects.

A folktale is a story originating in a popular culture, typically passed on by word

of mouth.

You were able to go over the story into two types of viewing genre. First is

through a short movie and the second is through images with descriptions. What did you like

more?

There are other types of viewing genres, they are as follow:

1. ANIMATED - These are the cartoons we see on TV. Their themes vary, as well as the

target age group (some are for toddlers and kids, while some are for teenagers.)

2. COMEDY - These shows are meant to entertain viewers, through the use of jokes and

pranks.
3. DRAMA - These shows are highly emotional, and the story always had sad parts, like

conflict in families, betrayals, etc. However, not all endings are sad. Usually, the

protagonist prevails in the end.

4. EDUCATIONAL - These shows are highly informational and can be intended for

children, teenagers, or adults. A lot of these shows are in documentary format, with each

episode focusing on a certain person or theme. Some use demonstrations, such as shows

that teach people how to make art.

5. FANTASY - These shows use unrealistic characters and plots, usually including magic

and supernatural creatures. They may not be animated, with a lot of visual effects.

6. HORROR - These shows are intended to scare audiences, usually by employing

supernatural beings, like ghosts. In the case of the Philippines, supernatural beings like

kapre, manananggal, and aswang are also used.

7. NEWS - These shows are used to inform the public about the latest updates in the world,

country, and community.

8. VARIETY SHOW - These shows include games, song-and-dance performances, and

other segments.
 D. Activities:
Formative:
 Discussion
 Quiz

Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a sheet of paper.

1. These words are used to describe a noun or a pronoun and can also show comparison.

a. adjective b. adverb c. article d. pronoun

2. What degree of comparison is used when comparing two subjects?

a. superlative b. negative c. comparative d. positive

3. What degree of comparison is used when comparing three or more subjects?

a. superlative b. negative c. comparative d. positive

4. What element of short story refers to where and when did the story happen?

a. theme b. characters c. setting d. plot

5. What do you call the diagram which shows similarities and differences?

a. Venn Diagram b. KWL diagram c. Chart d. Plot Diagram

 English 8

Week 3

A. Topic: Analyzing Messages Conveyed in a Text

B. Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the student should be able to:

4. identify whether the sentence level is positive and negative message,

5. classify statements whether positive or negative messages are literally or

figurative expressed, and

6. demonstrate a positive and negative message.

C. Lesson:

Analyzing Messages Conveyed in a Text

Language is divided into two categories, literal and figurative.

The positivity or negativity of a message in a text can be recognized either through explicitly

markers or implicit meaning. When the words or phrases mean exactly what they are supposed to

mean, we call them LITERAL. On the other hand, when the message is implicitly expressed and

departs from the dictionary meaning, we call the language use FIGURATIVE,

LITERAL

(fully-expressed with clarity)

Positive and negative messages in a text can be identified through explicit markers or signal

words/phrases/expressions.
Examples:

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Grateful, Appreciate, Thanks!

When to use: When expressing gratitude.

Sample sentence:

 We are grateful to the front liners who risk their lives in these very trying times.

 I appreciate every little thing you do.

 The children thanked their parents for loving and caring for them despite many

challenges.

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Admire, Brilliant, Amaze, Splendid, Excellent, Awesome

 Wow! Good! Great!

When to use: When expressing motivational/encouraging/constructive remarks

Sample sentence:

 Mary admires the LGBTQ for being so brace in showing people who thy really are. That

takes so much courage.

 What you did was brilliant!

 The learners were amazed by the landscape in the school.

 Splendid things come unexpectedly.

  The principal thinks that the SDRRMC did an excellent job.

 I had an awesome time chit chatting with you.

 Wow! You can draw well.

 I noticed that you can do all the household chores without being told by your parents.

That’s good!

 Great! You have answers all the items correctly.

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Well-done, Congratulations!

When to use: When giving congratulatory remarks.

Sample sentence:

 You made it to the finals. Well-done!

 You made it to the finals. Congratulation!

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Accept, Sympathize, in favor

 Yes! Correct!

When to use: When expressing agreement.

Sample sentence:
  Rudy accepted the challenge entrusted to him.

 I sympathize with the bereaved families who lost their loved ones due to COVID-19.

Yes! I am with you on that matter.

 Correct! You finally understood my point.

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Welcome, Hi/Hello! Best wishes! Good morning!

When to use: When giving greetings/well-wishes.

Sample sentence:

 Everyone is welcome to visit the newly opened animal farm.

 Hi! I am Mike. At your service!

 Best wishes to both of you. May you be bountifully blessed.

 Good morning, grade 8 learners!

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Fortunate, Glad, Plenty

When to use: When expressing happiness/blessedness.

Sample sentence:

 The lad was fortunate to be saved by the dog from the snatcher.
  Jessa is glad that she was able to defeat COVID-19 after month of battle.

 We have plenty of time to be with our loved ones at home.

NEGATIVE

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 None, Never, Neither, no one, no way, nobody, nowhere, no not.

Prefixes like:

 Un – in unfriend

 Im – in impossible

 In – in incorrect

 Mis – in mishandle

 Dis – in dislike

When to use: When expressing negation and negative expression.

Sample sentence:

 None of you has ever realized my worth.

 Never will I ever talk to you again.

 Neither of them can go out of this house.

 There is no way she can open this phone without a password.

 Nobody wants to be this lonely.

 My necklace is nowhere to find.

 There is no high school learner allowed to get inside the school campus.
  I do not want to see you.

 She unfriended him on FB.

 It is impossible to make Brownie quiet without food.

 Your answer is incorrect.

 The owner mishandled the business.

 My classmates dislike the vegetables.

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Disgust, offend, dismay, shock

When to use: When expressing disappointment.

Sample sentence:

 Patrick’s mom was disgusted by his very bad grades.

 He got offended by his subordinate’s actions.

 To his dismay, he cried.

 The coach was very shocked by the decision of the referee.

Examples of Commonly Used Signal Words/Phrases/Expressions:

 Only

When to use: When limiting

Sample sentence:

 There is only one left for me.

TAKE NOTE:

Mathematical rules can also be applied in recognizing positive and negative messages conveyed

in a text.
For simple sentence, we can use

multiplication to recognize the positivity

or negativity of the message conveyed.

My parents were happy to see my high grades.

(+)●(+) = (+) + + =+

(+)●(-) = (-) He loves to see you setting in trouble.

+ + =-

(-)●(+) = (-)
Never again will I ever talk to you nicely.
+ + =-

I don’t like doing impractical things.

(-)●(-) = (+)
- - =-
 Conjunctive adverbs and word connectors for comparison and contrast can also help you

recognize whether as message is positive or negative. These word connectors introduce a

subordinate clause that makes a sentence a complex sentence.

Generally negative Generally negative

but to understand but to understand
the message, we To recognize positivity or negativity of the conveyed the message, we
can use these message in a complex sentence, we can use these can use these
conjunctions as conjunctions as mathematical addition operation. conjunctions as
mathematical mathematical
addition operation addition operation

COMPARE
As
Like CONTRAST
CONTRAST
Also Yet
Unlike
Alike While
Though
Both Instead
Whereas
Similar In contrast
However
Equally On the other hand
On the contrary
Likewise
Just like
Same as
Examples:
Positive Positive

 The water is the most essential element of the human body, likewise, it is the most

important component of plants.

Negative message

 Not only is the livelihood of many affected by COVID-19, but the general half of

everyone is also threatened.

Negative message

Positive message

 The government is doing its best to eradicate extreme poverty, however, some are not

willing to help themselves get rid of it.

Negative message

Negative message Positive message

 Helen’s attitude is very terrible, although, she is very beautiful.

FIGURATIVE

(not directly expressed)

Positive and negative messages in a text can also be expressed implicitly.

This is totally different from identifying positive and negative messages with signal words

because figuratively conveyed messages need deeper understanding and processing in one’s

mind. Messages can be tricky sometimes; that is why relying only on the literal meaning may

lead to inaccurate interpretations. You should know the figurative meaning of these words or

expressions for you to correctly identify the intended message, whether positive or negative.

One would say something, but mean the other. It is, for this reason, very significant that we

examine the meaning of the message by the manner/intention/approach it is said.

REMEMBER: It is not always what one says, but how one says it.

Example:

Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration or overstatement to emphasize the point.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Laura reads Florante’s letter a million times I’m so sad that I’m drowning with tears.

every day.
(It means that I am crying very hard due to

(It means that Laura always read Florente’s sadness.)

letter because she’s very much in love with

him.)
He is very hungry that he could eat a horse.

(It means that he is very, very hungry.)

I can wait forever just for you.

(It means that “you are the only one for me”.)
Simile is a comparison of two different things using as and like.

Example:

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Norman is like a walking dictionary. Michelle’s love is like the sun that lights up my

whole world.
(It means that Norman has a wide vocabulary.)

(It means that Michelle’s live brightens up my

life.)
He moves as swiftly as the wind.

(It means that he moves as quickly as the

Education is as valuable as gold.
wind.)

(It means that education as a treasure like

gold.)

Metaphor is a direct comparison of two different things. It does not use as and like.

Example:

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Norman is like a walking dictionary. Michelle’s love is like the sun that lights up my

whole world.
(It means that Norman has a wide vocabulary.)

(It means that Michelle’s live brightens up my

life.)
 You are the apple of my eye. Education is gold.

(It means that you are the most cherished (It means that education is a treasure like gold.)

above anyone else.)

English 8

Schedule:

Tuesday 9am – 10am

Thursday 9am – 10am

Week 4

A. Topic: Analyzing Messages Conveyed in a Text

B. Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the student should be able to:

7. identify whether the sentence level is positive and negative message,

8. classify statements whether positive or negative messages are literally or

figurative expressed, and

9. demonstrate a positive and negative message.

 C. Lesson:

(CONTINUATION)

Euphemism is a mild or indirect expression of word that substitutes a crude, blunt, vulgar,

embarrassing, hurtful, or unpleasant word.

Example:

Offensive, embarrassing, hurtful, Euphemism

unpleasant words

Lockdown Community quarantine

Prison Correctional facility

Disabled person Person with disabilities

Overweight Big-boned

Bald Thin on top

Die Pass away

Old Senior/mature

Rich Well-off

Split Divorce
 Poor Economically challenged

Cheap Low-budget

Janitor Maintenance worker

Torture Enhanced interrogation

Secretary Personal assistant

Homeless On the streets

Pre-owned Second hand

Tax increase Revenue enhancement

Money lending Financial assistance

Lavatory cleaner Sanitary man

Servant in the home Domestic

Poor/third-world country Developing country

Generally, euphemism makes a negative message less offensive. But that does not change the

fact that the message is still negative.

But sometimes, negative message can be conveyed with positive remarks.

 POSITIVE NEGATIVE

(Positively expressed, but the message is still (A negative message that is not said

negative) offensively/unpleasant)

“I think you did well tonight.” Said the chair of The city will be placed under Enhance

the board of judges to the contestant. Community Quarantine (ECQ).

(It is politely said but it means that the (It means that the city will be placed on

performer did not do as well as the other lockdown.)

contestant.)

In a meeting: The 18-year-old COVID-19 positive patient

Nicole: I suggest that Lency be our presenter to did not make it to the hospital.

the client. (It means that the patient died.)

Boss: good idea! But I think we need to find

someone else.
Shiela: How about Rouel, sir? Jessie recycled my research.
Boss: also a good idea. But how about
Charina? Any comments? (It means that Jessie plagiarized.)
(It means that both suggestions are not
accepted by the boss.)

Sarcasm is used either to annoy or mock someone. The negative message hides in positive

expressions. Though it is used to inflict pain, it can, on the other hand, be used for humor.
Sarcasm is generally negatively conveyed. Its effect can be positive only to the mood of the

reader when it is meant to make people laugh, BUT the message implied is still negative.

Sarcasm for humor is best when spoken. In written text, it is hard to recognize. Nevertheless,

the fact remains that it is

Example:

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

(For jokes only, especially with friends, but I love waiting forever for the doctor to arrive.

not to the point of humiliation. It becomes

(It means that I am getting impatient of
positive only to those who recognize the humor
waiting.)
behind it, but the message remains negative.)
I don’t have all day watching your

performance.

(It means that your performance does not

appeal to me.)

If it is bad to use cell phones in class, in the same manner, it is bad to do classes using cell

phones.

HERE: it creates humor, but the fact remains that the message is negative.
Proverbs is an old but familiar saying that usually gives advice. It contains counsel based on the

general truth. It is usually a sentence and contains moral. The message makes one think of a

good lesson to be applied in life.

POSITIVE

There’s a rainbow always after the rain.

(It means that something better comes after every failure.)

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

(It means that everyone possesses unique beauty.)

Don’t cry over spilled milk.

(It means that we should not get upset over something that has already been done or something

that has already happened.)

A bird in hand is better than two in the bush.

(It means that we should value things that we already have.)

Idiom is a phrase or expression whose meaning is different from the individual words. The

meaning depends on the location and user. It is usually a phrase. Unlike proverbs, an idiom does

not contain morals.

One should be familiar with idiomatic expressions, usually through memorization or frequent

exposure, in order to understand them.

Example:

Idiomatic Expressions Meaning

Break a leg Good luck or do your best

It the sack To go to bed

Miss the boat Miss his/her chance

Best on both worlds All the advantage

Once in a blue moon Happens very rarely

Beat around the bush Avoiding the main topic

Bring home the bacon Be successful

Make a long story short Come to the point

Give the benefit of the doubt Believes someone without proof

Butterflies in the stomach Feeling nervous

Go the extra mile Make an extra effort

 POSITIVE NEGATIVE

It’s your turn to perform, Jean. Break a leg. The learners did not show a spark of decency

by refusing to greet the school guests who

(It means that the speaker wishes Jean good
visited their classroom.
luck.)

(It means that the students showed no respect.)

After completing the errands simultaneously,

Luis said, “I killed two birds with one stone.” Did you hear Mary stabbed Lynne in the back

last week?
(It means that Luis has accomplished two tasks

at the same time.) (It means that Mary betrayed Lynne last week.)

D. Activities:
Formative:
 Discussion
 Quiz

Answer the following questions:

Directions: Read the sentence below. Write positive if the message is good, and negative if the

message is bad. Then underline the word that signals positivity or negativity in the message

conveyed.

1. The meat in the fridge has a terrible smell.

2. My parents always told me that they love me very much.

3. Our neighbor’s little girl is very honest in answering questions.

4. Nothing is left for the kid to eat.

 5. Angela, the leader of the team, she believes in her subordinates.

English 8

Week 4

A. Topic: Comparing and Contrasting One’s Beliefs/Convictions with Those Presented in a

Material Viewed

B. Objectives:

At the end of the discussion the student should be able to:

1. identify own beliefs/convictions with those presented in a discussion,

2. classify all the signal words for compare and contrast, and

3. demonstrate the knowledge in comparing & contrasting.

C. Lesson:
Comparing and Contrasting One’s Beliefs/Convictions with Those Presented in a Material

Viewed

Read the selection below entitled, How Basketball Differs from Soccer.

How Basketball Differs from Soccer

Soccer is played on artificial or natural grass surface which is up to 65 yards wide and 125 yards

long. It is not possible to manage such a huge area indoor, so it is played in outdoor condition.

While on the other hand, basketball is played on the wooden floor and it is played in indoor

condition. The court differs regarding the level of the players

Soccer is played with a round shape synthetic ball. There are pentagonal sections on its

skin. The color and design of that section depend on what tournament the ball is used for. With

basketball, the design of the ball does not change. The ball is made of an orange leather

composite ball which is bordered with symmetrical lines.

There are 11 players in soccer with limited numbers of substitutes. One player is the

goalkeeper; the rest are divided in defense, mid-field and frontline. The height of the players

does not have any influences in soccer. In basketball, each

team consists of 5 players with unlimited substitutes. There

is no restriction on players to stay in one particular place.

Therefore, they can roam around the court. The height of

the players is significant. As the basket rim is very high

from the ground, the players with low height will not be
able to score much. Therefore, height influences a lot to play this game. In soccer, a player can

score goals from many options such as through penalty and

free-kicks. Even a long distance shot also counts as a goal. Each goal counts as one point.

Scoring in basketball is quite different. The points

depend on how the basket is scored. If you throw the ball

from long-distance behind an arc, that will count as three

points for your team. And all other shots from within an

arc during the clock running, are of two points.

Furthermore, if a free-throwing attempted 15 feet far from

the basket from a line while the clock is stopped, it would add only one point.

In soccer, players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands. Any attempts with

conducting the ball with the hand will be considered as foul, and the opposing team will have

free-kick. The only exception is with the goal-keeper. He can touch the ball with hands. The

players are free to exchange back-passes between them. In basketball, it is the opposite. Players

are forbidden to touch the ball with their feet. So, it is penalized for using feet to deal with the

ball. The players cannot back-pass the ball to a

A soccer field is huge in distances, and the players get 90 minutes to play adding both

halves. So, it is quite difficult to run and make it to the opponent goal post. Therefore, a soccer

match is low scoring compared to a basketball game. The court in basketball is quite smaller than

the soccer field, and the players get only 25 seconds to strike, players can score more often. So, it

is a high scoring game compared to a soccer match.

 An important reading skill is being able to compare and contrast. It helps us to organize

information more efficiently. It is also an important skill in our everyday lives. What does

compare and contrast mean?

To compare means to identify similarities between two or more things, persons, and

ideas. To contrast means to identify differences.

As an example, we will use the Venn diagram to compare and contrast basketball and

soccer. A Venn diagram is a useful tool to help organize similarities and differences.

Differences Similarities Differences

Soccer
Basketball
Played by 11
Played by 5 players players

Played in wooden Played in artificial

Both are ball
floor games or natural grass

Can be played indoor surface

Te design of the ball Played outdoor

does not change The design of the

ball may vary
 We might note similarity such as basketball and soccer are both ball games. As for

differences, basketball is played by five players while soccer is played by eleven players.

Basketball is played in wooden floor, whereas soccer is played in artificial or natural grass

surface. Basketball can be played indoor but soccer is played out door. The design of ball in

basketball does not change. On the other hand, the design of the ball in soccer may vary depends

on the tournament the ball is used for.

We can use the term comparing more broadly to refer to finding similarities and

differences.

Identifying signal words makes comparing easier especially when ideas and subjects are

compared within the text.

These words or phrases are used to compare or to highlight similarities.

SIGNAL WORDS FOR COMPARISON

also, as well as, both, comparatively, in the same way, in addition, just as, alike,

most important, similarly, the same as, too

Example: Basketball and soccer are alike in that they are both ball games.
These words or phrases are used to contrast or to highlight differences.

SIGNAL WORDS FOR CONTRAST

although, besides, but, compared with, conversely, differ, even though,

furthermore, however, in contrast to, instead, less than, more than,

whereas

Example: Basketball is played in wooden floor, whereas soccer is played in artificial or natural

grass surface.

D. Activities:
Formative:
 Discussion
 Quiz

Answer the following questions:

Sort out the given key words by writing it on designated column.

but, alike, differ, too, however, same, also, in

contrast, both, on the other hand, instead similarly, and in the same way,
whereas

COMPARISON CONTRAST