8 Millennium

Development Goals
GOALS NUMBER THREE & FOUR
 Promote Gender Equality
3 and Empower Women

Gender equality definition is the state in

which access to rights or opportunities is
unaffected by gender. It’s not only women
who are affected by gender inequality—all
genders are impacted, including men, trans
and gender-diverse people. This in turn
impacts children and families, and people of
all ages and backgrounds.
 Promote Gender Equality
3 and Empower Women

Gender equality is imperative to human

rights and peaceful societies and has been
proven by myriad research to be essential
for all communities to thrive.
Equality in gender does not mean that
women and men will have or need the exact
same resources, but that women’s, men’s, trans
people’s, and gender-diverse people’s rights,
responsibilities, and opportunities will not
depend on their assigned gender at birth.
 Promote Gender Equality
3 and Empower Women

Gender equality makes communities

safer, healthier, and happier.
Countries with greater gender
equality are more connected and
benefit immensely. Below, we list and
describe how gender equality can be
achieved through:
 Early Childhood Development
Intervention
Early childhood education programs are valuable
interventions to assist children in developing appropriate
school-readiness skills to facilitate the transition to
formal schooling. Some of these programs are targeted
at disadvantaged children while others are provided for
all children.
An example of early childhood intervention: Early
intervention can take different forms, from home visiting
programs to support vulnerable parents to school-based
programs to improve children's social and emotional
skills, to mentoring schemes for young people who are
vulnerable to involvement in crime.
 Early Childhood Development
Intervention

Benefits of early childhood development

intervention: Early childhood intervention
programs have been shown to yield
benefits in academic achievement,
behavior, educational progression, and
attainment, reduction in delinquency and
criminality, and improved labor market
success, among other domains.
 Promotion of Women's Political
Rights and Involvement
Women's political participation is a fundamental
prerequisite for gender equality and genuine democracy.
It facilitates women's direct engagement in public
decision-making and is a means of ensuring better
accountability for women.
What is the importance of women in politics?
Women's participation in politics helps advance gender
equality and affects both the range of policy issues that
get considered and the types of solutions that are
proposed. Research indicates that whether a legislator is
male or female has a distinct impact on their policy
priorities.
 Promotion of Women's Political
Rights and Involvement
Girls and women have a right to engage in civil
society, vote in elections, be elected to government
office, serve on boards, and make their voices heard in
any process that will ultimately affect them, their
families, and their communities. Investing in girls' and
women's rights to political participation is a necessary
step toward achieving global gender equality and
democratic governance.
Women in positions of authority tend to: resolve
national crises without resorting to violence, advocate for
social issues that benefit all, and allocate budgets to
health and education.
 Improved Reproductive Health
Programs and Policies
The ultimate goal of any sexual and reproductive
health program is to ensure cost-effectiveness, quality,
and sustainability. Reproductive health awareness is an
educational approach that is both relevant and sensitive
to many communities' existing sexual and reproductive
health needs and concerns.
Family planning counseling, pre-natal care, safe
delivery, post-natal care, appropriate treatment of
infertility, prevention of abortion, treatment of sexually
transmitted diseases, responsible parenthood, and
services against HIV/ AIDS, and breast cancer should be
made available.
 Improved Reproductive Health
Programs and Policies

How does the reproductive and child health

care program run by the government benefits
society?
The reproductive and Child Health Care
Programme tries to address all the aspects of
reproductive health. This program focuses on the
proper care of the child and the mother. It also
promotes the proper use of contraceptives so
that family size can be planned and can be
limited.
 Education and Integrating Gender
Equality in School Curriculum

Boys and girls must feel welcome in a safe

and secure learning environment. Governments,
schools, teachers, and students all have a part
to play in ensuring that schools are free of
violence and discrimination and provide a
gender-sensitive, good-quality education. To
achieve this, governments can develop
nondiscriminatory curricula, facilitate teacher
education and make sure sanitation facilities
are adequate.
 Education and Integrating Gender
Equality in School Curriculum

Schools are responsible for addressing

school-related violence and providing
comprehensive health education. Teachers
should follow professional norms regarding
appropriate disciplinary practices and
provide unbiased instruction. And students
must behave in a non-violent, inclusive way.
 Improved and Strengthened Labor
Policies for Women

Diversify leadership by promoting women make

sure that high-achieving women in your workplace
are recognized equitably in your succession
planning. Have active, ongoing conversations about
advancement opportunities and set career goals
during quarterly reviews. Encourage women to
pursue opportunities at every level of the corporate
ladder. Open up your talent pipeline equally to all
employees. By promoting women as much as men,
you show they are valued, and you are invested in
growing their skills and potential.
 Improved and Strengthened Labor
Policies for Women

According to a Catalyst study, Fortune

500 companies with three or more
women on the board outperform other
companies — with 53 percent more return
on equity, 42 percent more return on
sales, and 66 percent more return on
invested capital.
 Support and Protection of Developing
and Vulnerable Countries During Crises

Income support is an essential part of crisis

and disaster response. Time after time,
governments, donors, and humanitarian
agencies step in with support to people
affected by disasters and economic crises.
They often do this on an ad hoc basis,
improvising how and what support to provide.
Why not build systems that could respond
quickly wherever and whenever crisis or
disaster strikes?
 Support and Protection of Developing
and Vulnerable Countries During Crises

Disasters wipe out homes and livelihoods in an

instant. Millions of workers lose their jobs in economic
crises. Food price spikes put basic staple foods out of
the reach of the poor. Governments often feel
compelled to act in such situations. To be effective,
support to crisis and disaster-affected people needs
to be provided rapidly. Some countries have built
social protection systems in ways that facilitate the
provision of regular and reliable transfers to people
faced with a shock.
 Support and Protection of Developing
and Vulnerable Countries During Crises

India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment

Guarantee Act provides livelihood security by
offering up to 100 days of casual day labor to rural
households; uptake is voluntary and based on need.
Ethiopia‘s Productive Safety Net Project is organized
to deliver timely and predictable income transfers to
households, in particular during drought: the program
has financing, delivery, and early warning
mechanisms in place to quickly scale up the number
of beneficiaries in drought-stricken parts of the
country.
 Support and Protection of Developing
and Vulnerable Countries During Crises

Countries should prepare for shocks by

strengthening their ability to protect people’s basic
consumption and access to health and education
during bad times. Programs for income support
should be put in place during good times, along with
fiscal frameworks to permit transfers and social
services to continue uninterrupted during bad times.
Income support programs need to be scalable and
flexible to increase coverage in response to shocks
and scale back once crises abate. Their targeting
systems need to emphasize the shock-affected, not
just the chronic poor.
 4 Reduce Child Mortality

Preliminary estimates suggest that universal

under-five mortality has dropped by more than
50 percent – from 90 to 43 deaths per 1,000
live births in that period. This translates to a
major decline from 12.7 million deaths of
children under five in 1990 to 6 million in 2015.
Only Oceania has not achieved over 50
percent reduction in under-five mortality
compared to other developing regions.
 4 Reduce Child Mortality
Despite the achievements in most developing regions,
the current trend is not sufficient to meet the MDG
target for at least another 10 years. The universal
advance in child survival is still elusive to many of the
globe’s youngest children – as well as those in the most
vulnerable situations. About 16,000 children under five
continue to die every day in 2015, mostly due to
preventable causes like pneumonia, malaria, and
diarrhea. Another one million of the 6 million children
who die before their fifth birthday take their first and
last breath on the day they’re born. Another 1 million will
die in the first week, and around 2.8 million will die
within their first 28 days of life (the neonatal period).
 Immunization Programs
The National Immunization Program, which was then
known as Expanded Program for Immunization, was
launched by the Philippine government on July 12, 1976,
with the assistance of the World Health Organization
(WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF) to ensure that infants/children and mothers
have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood
vaccines. This program primarily aims to reduce the
morbidity and mortality among children against the
most common vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs)
which includes tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria,
tetanus, pertussis, and measles.
 Immunization Programs

To date, the Expanded Program on

Immunization provides safe and
effective vaccines against VPDs for
newborns, infants, older children,
pregnant, and senior citizens.
 Assuring the Better Health and
Survival of Mothers
All pregnant women are at risk of developing life-
threatening complications during pregnancy or
childbirth. The majority of maternal deaths, however,
are the result of complications such as hemorrhage,
puerperal sepsis, hypertension, obstructed labor, and
abortion which can be readily treated at a hospital or
health center equipped to provide essential obstetric
functions such as cesarean section, blood
replacement, and medical treatment. Such maternal
mortality can be successfully prevented without
sophisticated technology.
 Assuring the Better Health and
Survival of Mothers
Even health centers with neither operative facilities nor
all of the essential obstetric functions can provide first aid
and stabilize patients by starting antibiotic treatment and
rehydration before referral to a higher level of care. In so
doing, women reach the referral hospital in better
condition and improve their chances of survival. Linking
health centers and referral hospitals is the key to maternal
survival. The Safe Motherhood program is developing
guides aimed at midwives, nurses, and non-specialist
doctors at the first contact level and the first referral level
designed to help healthcare providers cope with obstetric
emergencies and prevent complications from becoming
emergencies.
 Better Nutrition Program for
Infants, Children
Improving the nutritional status of the population
in all areas, particularly in early life, by preventing
and treating malnutrition among pregnant women
and young children. Proper infant nutrition is
fundamental to a child’s continued health, from
birth through adulthood. Correct feeding in the first
three years of life is particularly important due to
its role in lowering morbidity and mortality,
reducing the risk of chronic disease throughout their
life span, and promoting regular mental and
physical development.
 Better Nutrition Program for
Infants, Children
Although every infant and child has the right to good
nutrition under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in
many countries less than a fourth of infants have access to
the required dietary diversity and feeding frequency.
Inappropriate feeding practices contribute to up to a third
of all cases of child malnutrition. This is compounded by the
proliferation of processed foods like infant formula and
products rich in salt, free sugars, and trans fats. This causes
an increase in poor diets, obesity, and a marked reduction in
the number of mothers breastfeeding their babies.
Breastfeeding has been shown to be of critical importance to
a child’s development, including increased IQ, school
performance and higher income in adult life.
Thank You
for
Listening!