LESSON PLAN IN MATHEMATICS 9

(FIRST QUARTER WEEK 2, DAY 1)

Quarter 1
Topic: COMPLETING THE SQUARE
Performance Standard: The student should be able to investigate thoroughly mathematical
relationships in various situations, formulate real life problems involving quadratic equations,
inequalities and functions, and rational algebraic equations and solve them using a variety of
strategies.

Performance Task: Parabola Art

Lesson 2: The learner solves quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring;
(c) completing the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula. M9AL-Ia-b-1

Week 2/ Day 1

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
a. Identify the algorithms used in solving for the roots of quadratic equation by completing
the square
b. Solve quadratic equations by completing the square, and,
c. Appreciates the different method of obtaining answer for certain/definite problem.

II. INTRODUCTION
A. Prayer
B. Checking of Attendance
Another method of identifying the solution of a quadratic equation is by completing the
square. Completing the square is a technique wherein the equation is transformed into a perfect
square trinomial to easily find the roots of the said equation. Its best to used when the quadratic
equation is not factorable. Two methods of finding the roots of quadratic equation were already
discussed: by extracting the square root and factoring. Extracting the square root is used when
the given equation is an incomplete quadratic equation wherein the linear term is missing and
the constant term is a perfect square. On the other hand , once the equation can be factored out
using any of the factoring method, factoring can be used.

III. LESSON PROPER/DISCUSSION

A. MOTIVATION
Did it ever come to your mind what system of solving quadratic equation best fit a certain kind
of equation? Different equations need a distinct kind method in obtaining the roots of the
quadratic equation. We are finished with the first two modes of solving quadratic equation, now
let’s see how these methods are compared with one another.

Completing the square method: https://youtu.be/Ubs1kx1xwZc

 B. DISCUSSION/LECTURE

Examine the following quadratic equation: Do you think we can factor these equations?
2
x + 4 x−1=0
2
x −6 x−4=0
x 2+ 5 x +3=0
When the quadratic equation is not factorable, other methods in finding the solution of a
quadratic equation may be used to determine the roots of the equation. And one such method is
Completing the Square.

Note: In completing the square the left side of the equation must be a perfect square trinomial.

Steps in Solving Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square

1.) Transpose the constant term on the right side of the equation.
2.) Make the left side of the equation a perfect square trinomial by:
b
a) get the half of the linear coefficient
2
b) squared the resulting answer of 2.a ¿
c) add the result of 2.b on both side of the equation
3.) Factor the left side of the equation.
4.) Find the square root of both side
5.) Solve the resulting equation using the zero product property
6.) Check your answer by substituting to the original equation.

Example 1 : x 2−6 x−4=0

Step 1:
2
x −6 x=4
2
x −6 x ¿=4
Step 2:
x 2−6 x ¿=4 ¿
a. b=6🡪 6/2 =3
b. (3)2 🡪 9
2
x −6 x +9=4+ 9

Step 3: (x-3)2=13

Step 4: √ ( x−3 ) = √1 3
2

Step 5: ( x−3 )=± √ 13

x−3=± √ 13
x=3 ± √ 1 3
x=x + √ 13 or x=3−√ 13

Step 6:
ifx=3+ √1 3
2
x −6 x−4=0
2
( 3+ √1 3 ) −6 ( 3+ √1 3 )−4=0
9+ 6 √ 1 3+13−18−6 √ 13−4=0
9+13−18−4=0
0=0

ifx=3−√1 3
2
x −6 x−4=0
2
( 3−√ 1 3 ) −6 ( 3− √ 1 3 )−4=0
9−6 √ 13+13−18+6 √ 13−4=0
 9+13−18−4=0
0=0

Example 2: Solve x2+4x-1=0

Transpose the constant term:

x2+4x-1
x2+4x=1
Add 4 to both side to make the left side a perfect square trinomial
x2+4x+4=1+4
(x+2)2=5 Factor
x+2= +/- √5 Get the square root on both sides

x+2= +√5 and x+2= - √5

x=√5-2 x= -√5-2
or x= -2+√5 or x=-2-√5
Therefore the roots are 2+√5 and -2-√5

Example 3 : x2+5x+3=0
x 2+ 5 x +3=0
Step 1:
2
x + 5 x=−3
x 2+ 5 x ¿ =−3
Step 2:
2
x + 5 x ¿ =−3¿
b
a) get the half of the linear coefficient
2
5
b=5
2
b) squared the resulting answer of 2.a ¿
¿
Perfect Square Trinomial:
25 25
x 2+ 5 x + =−3+
4 4

Step 3:

5
2
13 The left side of the
(x + ) = equation can be
2 4
factored using the
Step 4: square of binomial

√( ) √
2
5 13
x+ = Square Root Property
2 4

Step 5:

( )
x + =± √ or
5
2
13
2
−5 √ 13
x= +
2 2
−5 √ 13
x= −
2 2

−5 √ 13
Step 6: if x= − Substitute to the original equation
2 2
x 2+ 5 x +3=0

Combine similar fractions and substitute the value of x.

 ( ) ( )
2
−5 √ 1 3 −5 √ 13
− +5 − +3=0
2 2 2 2

( ) ( )
2
−5− √1 3 −5−√ 13
+5 + 3=0
2 2

Apply the Law of Exponent: Power of a Quotient

( )
2
(−5−√ 13) 5+ √ 13
−5 +3=0
4 2
Evaluate the square of binomial:
25+10 √1 3+13 25+5 √ 13
− +3=0
4 2
Combine like terms:
38+10 √1 3 25+5 √ 1 3
− +3=0
4 2
Get the common factor :
2 ( 19+5 √ 1 3 ) 25+ 5 √1 3
− + 3=0
4 2

( 19+5 √ 1 3 ) 25+5 √ 13
− +3=0
2 2

19+5 √ 3−(25−5 √ 3)+6

=0
2

19+5 √ 3−25−5 √ 3+6

=0
2

−6+6
=0
2

0=0

−5 √ 13
if x= +
2 2
x 2+ 5 x +3=0
2
−5 √ 13 −5 √ 13
( + ) +5( + )+3=0
2 2 2 2
2
−5+√ 13 −5+√ 13
( ) + 5( )+3=0
2 2

(−5+ √ 13)2 5−√ 13

−5( )+3=0
4 2

25−10 √ 13+13 25−5 √ 13

− +3=0
4 2

38−10 √ 13 25−5 √ 13
− +3=0
4 2

2(19−5 √ 13) 25−5 √ 13

− + 3=0
4 2
 19−5 √ 13 25−5 √ 13
− +3=0
2 2

19−5 √ 3−( 25−5 √ 13 ) + 6

=0
2

19−5 √ 3−25+5 √ 3+6

=0
2

−6+6
=0
2

0=0

C. PRACTICE EXERCISE
Find the solution of the quadratic equations using completing the square method.

a2+9a=52
Answer Key: a 2+ 9 a=52
Step 1: a 2+ 9 a¿ =52
Step 2:

a 2+ 9 a+
81
4
81 1 9
=5+ −−−−−−−−−→ ( 9 )= −−−−−−−−→
4 2 2
9 2 81
2
=
4 ()
Step 3:
9 2 289
(a+ ) =
2 4
9 2 289
Step 4: √ (a+ ) =√
2 4

( )
a+
9 ❑
2
=±
17
2

Step 5:
9 17
a+ =
2 2
17 9
a= −
2 2
8
a= ∨4
2

9 −17
a+ =
2 2
−17 9
a= −
2 2
−26
a= ∨−13
2

Step 6: a 2+ 9 a=52

if a=4
(4)2+9(4)=52
16+36=52
52=52

if a= -13
(-13)2+9(-13)=52
169-117=52
52=52

D. Generalization

In solving quadratic equation by completing the square:

1. The left side must be a perfect square trinomial. To make it a perfect square
trinomial, transpose the constant term to the right side of the equality sign and add
the square of ½ the coefficient of the second term. (Note: If the coefficient of the
squared term is greater than 1, divide all the terms first by the coefficient of the
squared term.
2. Factor the left side
3. Find the square root of both sides
4. Solve the resulting equation by using zero-product property.

IV. EVALUATION
Answer page 17 Exercise 1, A

1. x2+4x+m=0 m=4
2. x2+mx+25=0. m=10
3. x2-mx+16=0. m=4
4. x2-5x+m=0 m=25
5. x2+mx-64 m=8

Find the roots of the following by completing the square. ( Page 17, Exercise 2 on your book.
1.) x2+x=10. x=−1 ± √ 11
2.) x2-4x=32 x=8 an−4
3.) x2+3x-18=0 x=−6∧3
4.) x2+14x-7=0 x=−7 ± 2 √ 14
5.) x -8x-5
2
x=4 ± √ 21

V. ASSIGNMENT
No assignment

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