Department of Education

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CHAPTER I

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The Problem and Its Background

The male-dominated industries are those that are traditionally or

predominantly employ men, with women making up minor portion of the workforce.

There is a sizable gender difference in these areas with regard to employment,

leadership, and representation. Over the last few years, women have made enormous

progress in the workplace, tearing down barriers and breaking through glass ceilings

in areas formerly thought to be solely for males. But because of this, women in male

dominated industries often face unique challenges and obstacles as they navigate

their careers. In addition, sexual harassment against women is more prevalent in

fields where men predominate. Societal expectations and ideas about women’s

leadership ability can also be a hurdle (Catalyst, 2021). However, women can utilize

underestimate as an edge and confront unfavorable perceptions and causes for

underestimation (Taylor Irwin, 2019). These factors show the influence of male-

dominated industries to women’s career. These elements are what drive women’s

aspirations for successful careers in fields with a male majority, and they create

effective advancement plans for achieving these goals.

From the article "Gender Profile of the Philippines" (n.d.), the women in the

Philippines prefer to pursue works abroad as they face unfair treatment in the
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country. Thus, Millions of women have left the Philippines to work as overseas
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Filipino workers (OFWs) due to a shortage of employment opportunities there. In

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terms of newly employed OFWs, women outnumbered males between 1998 and

2006. In industries where men predominate, Filipino women confront a number of

difficulties. The gender pay gap is one of the biggest issues, with males making

more money than women in both low-skill and high-skill industries (Helle &

Buchhave & Nadia Belhaj Hassine Belghith, 2022). In industries where men

predominate, harassment, unequal access to high income rates, and the glass ceiling

may also be experienced by women. However, certain Filipino women, like Captain

Maria Kristina Javellana in the marine business, have been able to break through the

glass ceiling in their respective fields. (Victoria Q Paraggua & Ma Nissa C Espiritu,

Ellen E Luna, 2022).

In the municipality of Gonzaga Cagayan, traditionally male-dominated

industries have become increasingly open to women working in these fields. Women

make up a large portion of the successful leaders and employees in Gonzaga’s male-

dominated fields, including lawyers, architects, legislators, and many other

professions. But as they tried to enter such fields, these women ran against

prejudices and obstacles including a lack of assistance, cruel treatment,

discreditation, and many more. But because of the people who hold onto the idea of

gender equality specially in workplace there is the implementation of the RA 6725

an act strengthening the prohibition on discrimination against women with respect to

terms and conditions of employment. This gives women a position in society,

especially in fields where males predominate. Women will be given the chance to

demonstrate their abilities, dispel misconceptions, and remove historical obstacles as

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a result of this.
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But still, hindrance will not be avoided in this type of industries. But by

overcoming these obstacles and achieving success in their jobs, women in these

fields demonstrate resilience. They can do this by searching for great female role

models, speaking for oneself, and forming supportive networks (Sian Beilock,

2019). Employers can also take initiatives to promote women in the workplace as

well, such as giving mentorship and leadership possibilities (Sian Beilock, 2019).

This shows that women develop resilience and strategies in order to survive and

navigate career in male-dominated industries.

Women of Gonzaga in male-dominated would play a vital role in our

research because they have all the experiences we need. These women that have

been in the game for many years and already proven themselves as worthy and that

they’ve created a lot of doors for other women to also take these careers that are

dominated by men. These women that have come up with career advancement

strategies can give us insights us to how and why did they come up with such

strategies which may not be expected by the society in the recent years. So, the

women of Gonzaga in male-dominated industries would be giving us the

opportunity to know more about what’s happening inside these jobs and that we will

be getting enough information to come up with a conclusion in which it can help our

locality and also future researchers to also come up with more issues regarding these

topics which can improve more the gender equality not just in male-dominated

industries but patriarchy in general.

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Thus, this research focus on the career advancement strategies of women of

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Gonzaga in male-dominated industries. So, it is evident that there is a need to know

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those strategies in order to understand their experiences and their plans in having a

successful career in fields with male majority. And there is a need to conduct this

study to help us identify the challenges women faced in male-dominated industries

in Gonzaga and how did they come up with career advancement strategies in this

fields. This study also aims to utilize the career advancement strategies of the

women, how they break stereotypes, and how they overcome barriers in order to

help more women to feel empowered because the main goal of this research is to

create a paper to empower and to help our women not just in our local but around

the world.

Conceptual Framework

This part of this study will discuss the various challenges that women have

faced while working in male-dominated industries. The researchers will also tackle

how women survived in such industries despite the stereotypes they encountered.

INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT
VARIABLE: VARIABLE:

Women in Gonzaga Women’s success;

manage career breaking stereotypes and
advancement strategies in overcoming barriers
Male-dominated industries

The independent variables in this research title could include factors related

to the career advancement strategies used by women in Gonzaga, such as

networking, mentorship, skill-building, and education. Other independent variables

could include the barriers women face in male-dominated industries, such as gender
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bias, discrimination, and lack of representation.

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The dependent variables in this research title are likely to be the success or

effectiveness of the career advancement strategies used by women in Gonzaga, as

measured by factors such as job promotions, salary increases, and job satisfaction.

The study may also explore how breaking stereotypes and overcoming barriers

impact women's career outcomes in male-dominated industries.

Women in Gonzaga navigating career advancement strategies in Male-

Dominated Industries is the cause of Women's success in such industries, navigating

strategies is crucial because it plans how this study leads to the success of Women in

Male-Dominated Industries and how Women overcome the barriers they have faced.

Advancement Strategies are useful methods to help the situation of women working

in male-dominated industries, the strategies of successful women in male-dominated

industries can provide valuable insights into how to succeed in these challenging

environments, these strategies may include developing a strong support network,

cultivating resilience, building strong professional relationships, and staying true to

oneself.

It is considered a Women's success when they have successfully broken

down the stereotypes that young women may experience in the future, it is also

considered a success once they overcome the barriers. The barriers we may

encounter may include gender bias, discrimination, lack of female role models,

workplace culture, lack of flexibility, and promotion inequity. Stereotypes can create

artificial barriers that prevent individuals from realizing their full potential,
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particularly in male-dominated industries where there may be entrenched gender

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biases, by addressing these biases we can ensure that everyone has an equal chance

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to succeed based on their abilities. By successfully performing the mentioned

strategies it is expected that this can lead to better collaboration, communication,

and teamwork, which can improve productivity and job satisfaction. There's an

ability of women to helm or navigate career advancement strategies to help them

work in Male-Dominated Industries which is not easy, navigating career

advancement strategies can be the instrument for women's success by breaking

stereotypes and overcoming barriers.

Developing advancement strategies customized exclusively to women can

assist in addressing the gender inequality that exists in male-dominated industries.

Women face unique challenges and barriers to advancement in these industries, such

as unconscious bias, limited networking opportunities, and a lack of female role

models. Helming advancement strategies for women's success in male-dominated

industries can involve a range of initiatives, including mentoring programs,

leadership development opportunities, flexible work arrangements, and policies that

promote work-life balance. These strategies can help women build strong networks,

gain access to decision-makers, and develop the skills and experience necessary for

advancement. In addition, promoting diversity and inclusion in the workplace can

help to create a more welcoming environment for women and other

underrepresented groups. This can include efforts to combat sexism, racism, and

other forms of discrimination, as well as initiatives to promote cultural awareness

and sensitivity. Moreover, helming advancement strategies for women's success in

male-dominated industries is not only good for gender equity, but it can also lead to
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improved business outcomes. Research has shown that companies with more varied
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leadership teams tend to perform better financially and are better equipped to

navigate complex challenges.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine how women in Gonzaga, Cagayan, manage

advancement strategies in industries with a majority of men.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

General Questions:

1. What is the objective of studying how women navigate career advancement

in male-dominated industries, and why is it important?

2. What methods may women employ to overcome the gender disparity in job

progression in fields where males predominate?

3. What obstacles must women overcome in order to succeed in male-

dominated leadership positions?

Specific Questions:

1. How have women in Gonzaga Cagayan overcome gender-based prejudices

and impediments to develop their careers?

2. What part do stereotypes and gender prejudices play in women's job

advancement in Gonzaga's male-dominated fields?

3. What traits and abilities are necessary for women at Gonzaga to excel in
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sector where males predominate?

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4. What methods have Gonzaga women employed to create networks and

relationships with mentors in industries where men predominately work?

Research Assumptions

This study assumes that:

1. Women in male-dominated industries face unique challenges in advancing

their careers due to gender stereotypes and biases.

2. Women in Gonzaga have developed unique career advancement strategies

that enable them to break gender stereotypes and overcome biases in male-

dominated industries.

3. The study assumes that the sample size of women in Gonzaga is sufficient

enough to make generalization about how women break stereotypes in male-

dominated industries.

"Sociological Study About the Issues of Women Career Advancement at Male-

Dominated Workplace"

The study is based on the following assumptions:

1. How women are viewed and treated at work can be influenced by societal

expectations around gender roles and stereotypes.

2. Women may, for instance, be expected to put family and caregiving

obligations ahead of their work or may be perceived as being less capable or

ambitious than men.

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3. Women's ability to succeed in their jobs can be influenced by an

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organization's norms, beliefs, and practices.

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4. Women may have more difficulty advancing if the workplace culture is

unfriendly to them or does not support work-life balance.

"Research-Based Advice for Women Working in Male-Dominated Fields"

The study is based on the following assumptions:

1. If they believe that they are not recognized or respected because of their

gender, women in industries where males predominate may feel threatened

by stereotypes.

2. Women who don't fit these gender expectations could be thought of as less

capable or career-focused.

3. Women in industries where males predominate may suffer from imposter

syndrome.

4. Women's experiences in fields with a preponderance of men are influenced

by both their gender and these other facets.

"Negotiating gender in the male-dominated skilled trades: a systematic

literature review"

The study is based on the following assumptions:

1. Women's access to certain sectors may be restricted as a result, and there

may be a lack of diversity and representation.

2. Initiatives to encourage and empower women who work in traditionally

male-dominated skilled trades may be beneficial in addressing the particular

difficulties they encounter.

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3. Women who work in these industries could find it difficult to fit in and

possibly feel like outsiders.

4. Women's access to certain sectors may be restricted as a result and there may

be a lack of diversity and representation.

Significance of the Study

This study will provide new insights into women's management of career

advancement strategies in male-dominated industries in Gonzaga. The study will

explore the challenges faced by women in male-dominated industries in Gonzaga,

such as gender stereotypes, bias, and discrimination, that may hinder their career

advancement.

Studying how women navigate career advancement in male-dominated

industries can provide inspiration and guidance for other women who may be facing

similar challenges. This study aims to empower women in Gonzaga and beyond to

pursue their career aspirations without being limited by gender stereotypes or

workplace barriers.

This study is being conducted to benefit the following:

Women in male-dominated industries: The study would provide insights

into their experiences working in male-dominated industries and learn how they've

faced the challenges that they’ve encountered throughout their careers. It can
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empower these women to overcome barriers and pursue their career aspirations with
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confidence and resilience. This women’s may benefit the most from the study as it

directly relates to their experiences and challenges in their career.

Women in Gonzaga: This study can provide them with insights, strategies,

and examples of how other women have successfully broken stereotypes and

advanced in their careers. It can serve as a source of inspiration and motivation for

women in Gonzaga who may be facing the same problem. It can highlight the

experiences and successes of women from Gonzaga who have achieved career

advancements in male-dominated industries.

Women in other institutions or regions who are facing similar

challenges: Although the study focuses on women in Gonzaga, its findings and

recommendations may be relevant and useful for women in other contexts who are

also navigating career advancement in male-dominated industries.

Employees in male-dominated industries: The study may help employees

in male-dominated industries to understand the challenges faced by women in their

workplace. It can also provide insights into how they can create a more inclusive

and supportive environment for women employees.

Female who is pursuing or interested in pursuing careers in male-

dominated industries: This study will give insights to women who are planning to

pursue male-dominated careers. And can also help other women in similar situations
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to learn from their experiences and potentially overcome gender stereotypes and
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barriers.

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Women's advocacy groups: The study can inform their advocacy efforts

and help them develop strategies for supporting women's career advancement. The

study will provide them with new information on the specific challenges faced by

women in male-dominated industries such as lack of career development

opportunities, discrimination, and gender pay gap.

Policymakers: The findings of this study can be used by policymakers to

inform policies to promote gender equality and diversity in the workplace. They can

also use the insights to develop programs and initiatives that support women in

male-dominated industries.

Society: The study may raise awareness and contribute to breaking down

gender stereotypes and promoting gender equality in the workplace. This may lead

to a more inclusive and diverse society, where everyone has equal opportunities to

succeed, regardless of their gender.

Future generations: The study may contribute to a cultural shift towards

greater gender equity and inclusion in the workforce, which could benefit future

generations of women and men.

Future researcher: The study can help future generations understand the

challenges faced by women in male-dominated industries and how gender biases can

affect career advancement. The study can play an important role in shaping the
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future of work by helping to create more equitable and inclusive workplaces for all.

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Scope and Limitations

The study focuses on women's management of career advancement strategies

in male-dominated industries in Gonzaga. Specifically, the study focuses on Women

in Gonzaga, so the scope is limited to this area.

The study will focus on women who have pursued careers in industries that

are typically dominated by men in Gonzaga. The focus will be on understanding

how these women manage their career paths, overcome barriers, and strive for

advancement within industries that are traditionally dominated by men. Specifically,

the study aims to identify the strategies that successful women at Gonzaga use to

break stereotypes and advance in their careers.

To achieve this goal, the study will use interviews as a primary tool to gather

data. The study will gather data from women in different fields and at different

stages of their careers, with the aim of capturing a broad range of experiences and

perspective. By examining their perspectives and experiences, we aim to identify the

specific challenges they face, the strategies they employ to advance their careers.

The study will also seek to identify best practices and recommendations for women

who aspire to advance their careers in male-dominated industries.

This study will be limited to only women in male-dominated industries in

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Gonzaga, which may not fully capture the experiences of women outside of
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Gonzaga. The study does not include men's experiences in these industries or the

experiences of women outside Gonzaga. It is limited to the perspective of women

only and may not fully capture the experiences and perspectives of men in these

industries.

It may not fully address other issues and may be impossible to capture the

full range of experiences and strategies by women in male-dominated industries due

to the sensitivity of the topic.

The study will involve a limited number of participants, and the findings

may not represent the entire population of women working in male-dominated

industries in Gonzaga.

Operational Definition of Terms

Ability - a natural or acquired capacity or skill that enables a person to

perform a particular action or task. It can be physical, cognitive, or social in nature,

and can be innate or developed through practice, learning, or experience.

Advancement - refers to the process of making progress or moving forward

in a particular field.

Artificial barriers - Artificial barriers are obstacles or restrictions that are

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intentionally created or imposed by individuals, organizations, or governments to

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limit access or hinder progress in a particular area.

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Awareness - refers to the recognition and understanding of the unique

challenges and biases that women and other underrepresented groups face in these

industries.

Barriers - barriers are obstacles or impediments that prevent or hinder the

achievement of a particular goal, objective, or desired outcome.

Better collaboration - involves creating an environment where all team

members, regardless of their gender, feel valued, respected, and heard. This can be

achieved through a combination of policies, practices, and cultural norms that

promote inclusivity, diversity, and equity.

Better communication - involves creating an environment where everyone

can feel heard, respected, and valued regardless of their gender.

Better teamwork - it can be defined as a collaborative effort among all team

members, regardless of gender, to achieve a common goal while also promoting

inclusivity and diversity.

Complex challenges - refer to problems or issues that are difficult to solve

due to their intricate nature, involving multiple interdependent factors and requiring

a sophisticated approach to understanding and addressing them.

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Crucial - refers to something that is extremely important or essential in

achieving a particular outcome or result.

Cultivating resilience - refers to the process of developing the ability to

adapt and bounce back from challenges, setbacks, and stressors.

Customized exclusively - specifically to women

Dependent variable - the success or effectiveness of the career advancement

strategies used by women in Gonzaga, as measured by factors such as job

promotions, salary increases, and job satisfaction. The study may also explore how

breaking stereotypes and overcoming barriers impact women's career outcomes in

male-dominated industries.

Discrimination - discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of

people based on certain characteristics such as race, gender, religion, age, sexual

orientation, disability, or national origin

Entrenched - is commonly used to describe something that is firmly

established and difficult to change or uproot. It can refer to a wide range of things,

including attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, systems, institutions, or practices.

Gender bias - refers to the unfair or unequal treatment of individuals based

on their gender, typically resulting in a preference for one gender over another.
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Industries - Industries refer to a group of businesses or organizations that

are involved in producing or manufacturing similar types of goods or providing

similar types of services.

Independent variables - Include factors related to the career advancement

strategies used by women in Gonzaga, such as networking, mentorship, skill-

building, and education. Other independent variables could include the barriers

women face in male-dominated industries, such as gender bias, discrimination, and

lack of representation.

Job satisfaction - refers to the level of contentment and fulfillment an

individual experiences from their job in an industry that is predominantly composed

of men.

Lack of flexibility - refers to the limited options or opportunities for

employees, particularly women, to work in ways that accommodate their personal

needs or preferences.

Lack of role models - refers to a situation where individuals or groups of

people do not have access to individuals or groups who possess the characteristics,

qualities, or accomplishments that they aspire to.

Limited opportunities - refer to a situation where there are not many

options or chances available to pursue certain goals or aspirations.

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Male-Dominated - refers to a situation or context in which men hold a

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significant majority of positions of power, influence, or decision-making authority.

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Manage - to manage means to be in charge of a group of people, a project, a

company, or any other type of organization, and to be responsible for its success.

Opportunities - favorable or advantageous situations that arise in a specific

moment, providing a chance to achieve a desired outcome or goal. It can be seen as

a circumstance or set of circumstances that enable someone to take advantage of a

particular situation or to pursue a specific objective.

Overcome - to successfully deal with and overcome a problem, obstacle,

difficulty, or challenge. Overcoming something often requires persistence, effort,

and resilience, and may involve developing new skills, gaining knowledge, or

changing one's perspective.

Potential - it is often used to describe the possibility or likelihood of

something happening or being achieved.

Productivity - refers to the level of efficiency and effectiveness at which

tasks are performed by employees in industries that are predominantly male-

oriented.

Professional relationships - refer to the interactions and connections

between individuals in a workplace or professional setting. These relationships are

based on mutual respect, trust, and effective communication, and they are typically
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focused on achieving shared goals or objectives.

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Promotion inequity - refers to the situation where women are systematically

overlooked or undervalued in the promotion process. It occurs when women are

consistently passed over for promotions despite having equal or better qualifications,

experience, and performance than their male counterparts.

Racism - refers to the belief that certain races are inherently superior or

inferior to others, and the discriminatory actions or attitudes based on those beliefs.

Range of initiative - refers to the extent to which women are encouraged

and empowered to take leadership roles and make decisions in fields where men

traditionally hold the majority of the positions.

Sensitivity - refers to the degree to which a system, organism, or individual

is responsive to changes or stimuli in their environment. It is the ability of an entity

to detect, measure, and respond to subtle or small changes in the environment or

inputs it receives.

Sexism - it is a form of discrimination that occurs when individuals or

groups are treated differently or unfairly based on their sex or gender, rather than

their individual abilities or qualities.

Strategies - refer to the various approaches, tactics, and actions they employ

to navigate and succeed in their professional environments. These strategies are

often developed in response to the unique challenges and barriers they may face due
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to gender disparities and biases within these industries.

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Stay true to oneself - to remain authentic and genuine to one's own

personality, values, beliefs, and principles, despite external pressures or influences.

Stereotypes - it can be influenced by a range of factors, including cultural

norms, media representation, personal experiences, and social interactions.

However, they can also lead to unfair and discriminatory treatment of individuals

based on their group membership.

Strong support network - a group of individuals who provide emotional,

practical, and sometimes financial support to an individual during difficult times.

Success - is the achievement of a desired or intended goal. It can be defined

differently by different people and can be subjective based on personal values, goals,

and circumstances

Unconscious bias - refers to attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes that people

hold without conscious awareness, which can influence their decisions and actions

towards others.

Underrepresented groups - refer to individuals or communities that are not

well-represented or are disproportionately less represented in a particular field,

industry, or area of society.

Unique challenges - difficulties that are specific and distinct to a particular

situation, context, or individual.

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Valuable insights - valuable insights are meaningful and useful pieces of

information or knowledge that can help individuals or organizations make informed

decisions, solve problems, improve performance, or gain a competitive advantage.

Welcoming environment - welcoming environment for women is one

where they feel safe, respected, and valued. It is a space where women are treated

equally and are not discriminated against based on their gender. In such an

environment, women are free to express themselves without fear of judgment,

harassment, or retaliation.

Work-life balance - refers to the ability to effectively manage the demands

and responsibilities of both one's work and personal life in a way that promotes

overall well-being and reduces stress.

Workplace culture - refers to the shared values, beliefs, and attitudes that

shape the environment and behavior of employees in industries where men hold a

majority of the leadership and staff positions.

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