TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

LOPEZ EXTENSION CAMPUS

Brgy. Villahermosa Lopez, Quezon

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid waste
Any substance that is discarded is called waste. The waste may be solid,
liquid, or gaseous substances. The solid waste arises from human and animal
activities.
Solid waste is a substance which is left off from industries, kitchen or other
waste and thus thrown away. They can cause hazard to human health and
environment. Hence, there is an urgent need for the management of solid waste.

Solid waste management is the collection of wastages, transporting, processing,

recycling, and monitoring of the waste materials to reduce their effect on health and
environment.

Types of solid waste

Various types of solid wastes are:

Types Examples
Commercial garbage Bricks, cement, and sand
Pesticides, crop residue, animal
Agricultural waste
and poultry waste,
Rural waste Bagasse, cow dung garbage, and rice husk
Plastic waste Plastic toys, cosmetics, and food packaging
Cotton containing blood, dressing linen, syringes, and waste
Medicinal waste
medicines
Domestic waste and e- Food waste, plastics, computer, TV, broken bottle, ceramic
waste materials, metallic containers, and kitchen waste
Food waste, p l a s t i c s , m e t a l s , p a p e r a n d
Municipal garbage
paper board
Oils, chemicals, paints, sandpapers, paper products, scrap
Industrial waste
metal and concrete

Problems caused by solid waste.

1. The air becomes unclean with a foul smell.
2. The biomedical waste causes infectious disease and gives bad smell.
3. Human health is affected.
4. Pollutes the air, land and ground water.
5. Contaminate the environment.
6. Affects the climate.

Hence, there is an urgent need for the management of solid waste. Solid waste
management is not fully implemented because of:
1. Lack of education and awareness
 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ EXTENSION CAMPUS
Brgy. Villahermosa Lopez, Quezon

2. Lack of motivation
3. Resistance to change
4. Non-cooperation from households.
5. Lack of knowledge on benefits of segregation

Role of private sector organizations

The private sector can play an important role in construction, operation and
maintenance of treatment and disposal facility. NGO’s can also play an important
role in,
 Organizing rag-pickers/waste collectors for door-to-door collection and
segregation of waste.
 Creating public awareness for storage of organic and recyclable waste
separately at source and handing over the waste-to-waste collector.
Rag-pickers could be involved in door-to-door collection of municipal solid
waste as well as recyclable waste, so that they could get a user fee for
collecting waste from the doorstep and derive additional income from the
sale of recyclables.

Methods of disposal of solid waste

The waste management concepts include:
1. Reduce
2. Reuse
3. Recyle
The aim of waste management is to extract maximum benefit from the
waste and to reduce the amount of waste. The final disposal of solid waste can be
carried out by the following methods.

1. Land fill
In this method, waste is buried underground and covered with soil.
Landfills were often established in abandoned areas.
Modern landfill contains a series of three-dimensional control cells. The
waste dumped in the appropriate cells can be covered by a layer of soil at the end of
each day. Below the waste dumped in the cell, a double liner system is provided to
prevent the leachates from polluting the soil and ground water beneath the site. The
upper liner must be a well flexible membrane lining made of plastic or rubber.
A properly designed and well managed land fill can be a hygienic and
relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials.
Poorly designed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental
impacts such as wind-blown litter. Harmful gases like methane are given off from
land fill sites that cause air pollution and contribute to global warming.
 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ EXTENSION CAMPUS
Brgy. Villahermosa Lopez, Quezon

2. Incineration
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of
solid waste at 1000° C. Waste materials are converted into ash, flue gas and heat.
The heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electricity.
This process reduces the volumes of solid wastes to 20-30 percent of
original volume.

Incineration plant
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ EXTENSION CAMPUS
Brgy. Villahermosa Lopez, Quezon
 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
LOPEZ EXTENSION CAMPUS
Brgy. Villahermosa Lopez, Quezon