Mathematics 9

Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Self-Learning Module 12: Determining the equation of quadratic
function given the graph.
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Kristy Rose R. Aboc
Jovielyn Kathley A. Manalo
Editors: Maria Pilita M. Evangelista; Cecilia M. Marcelo
Reviewers: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Mathematics 9
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 12
Transforming the quadratic function in general form
to standard form and vice versa
Introductory Message!

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Sum, Product,

and Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Sum, Product,

and Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

Transform the quadratic function in general form (y= ax2 + bx +c ) to

standard form (vertex form) y=a(x-h)2 + k and vice versa

PRE–TEST

Tell which the following functions are in standard from or in general form.

y= 3(x+2)2 Standard Form General form

y= -3x2 +9x-1
y= (x-2)2 +4
y= x2-4x +8
f(x)= -x2+ 2x + 2
y= 1 +3x + x2
y= 5(x – 3)2 + 1
y= 3x2 + 3x
y= x2 + 6x + 8
y = (x – 3)2 + 7
 RECAP

Determine the value of a , b and c in the following quadratic

functions.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 25

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 20

3. f(x) = x2 + 2x + 3

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 64

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 40

LESSON

Study the illustrative example below.

Example 1. Express y = 3x2 – 4x + 1 in the form y = a (x-h)2 + k form given

the values of h and k.

Solution:

y = 3x2- 4x + 1

y = (3x2- 4x) + 1 Group together the terms containing x

4
y = 3 (𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 ) + 1 Factor out a

4 2 2 2 2
y = 3 [𝑥2 − 3 𝑥 + (3) ] + 1 – 3 (3) Complete the expression in parenthesis
to make it a perfect square trinomial by
adding the constant.
 4 2
2 2 4 4
3
3 ( 2 ) = 2 (3) = 3 (9) = 3 and

subtracting the same value from the

constant term.

4 4 4
y = 3 [𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 + 9] + 1 − (3) Simplify and express the perfect square
trinomial as the square of binomial.
2 2 1
y= 3 (𝑥 − 3) – 3

2 2 1
Hence, y = 3x2 – 4x + 1 can be expressed as y= 3 (𝑥 − 3) – 3

2 1
In this case, h = and k = − 3
3

Example 2.

Rewrite f (x) = ax2 + bx + c in the form f(x) = a(x-h)2 + k.

Solution:

y= ax2 + bx + c Group together the terms containing x

𝑏
y= 𝑎 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥) + 𝑐 Factor out a. Here a=1
𝑎

𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏2
y= 𝑎 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥+ )+𝑐− Complete the expression in the parenthesis to
𝑎 4𝑎2 4𝑎
make it a perfect square trinomial by adding a
constant a
𝑏 2 𝑏2
𝑎 (2𝑎) = 4𝑎 and subtracting the same value
from the constant term.
𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏 2
𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 + 2𝑎) + Simplify and express the perfect square
4𝑎
trinomial as the square of a binomial.

𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏2 −𝑏 4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏2
Hence the vertex form is = 𝑎 (𝑥 + ) + . Thus, h= and k=
2𝑎 4𝑎 2𝑎 4𝑎
Example 3:

Rewrite f(x) = x2 – 4x -10 in the form f(x) = a(x-h)2 + k.

Solution 1

By completing the square:

𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) − 10 Group together the terms containing x

𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) − 10 Factor out a. Here a=1

𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) − 10 − 4 Complete the expression in parenthesis to

make it perfect square trinomial by adding a
−4 2
constant ( 2 ) and subtracting the same value
from the constant term.

𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 2)2 − 14 Simplify and express the perfect square

trinomial as the square of binomial.

Solution 2:
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏2
By applying the formula h= and k= :
2𝑎 4𝑎

In the equation y= x2 – 4x- 10, a= 1, b= -4 and c= -10.Thus,

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏 2
h= k=
2𝑎 4𝑎

−(−4) 4(1)(−4)(−10)𝑐− (−4)2

h= k=
2(1) 4(1)

4 −40−16
h= k=
2 4

h= 2 k= -14

By substituting the solved values of h and k in y= (x-h)2 + k, we obtain

𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 2)2 − 14

‘
To transform a quadratic function from standard from y= a(x-h)2 + k into
general form consider the examples below.
Example 4. Rewrite y= 3(y-2)2 +4 in the general form y= ax2 +bx+ c.
Solution:
y= 3 (x-2)2 +4 Expand (x-2)2.
y= 3 (x2 -4x+4) +4 Multiply the perfect square trinomial by 3.
y= 3x2 -12x+12 +4 Simplify add 4.
y= 3x2 -12x+16

Example 5.
Express f(x) = -2 (3x-1)2 + 5x in the general form f(x)= ax2 +bx+ c.
f(x) = -2(3x-1)2 + 5x Expand (3x-1)2.

f(x) = -2(9x2-6x + 1) + 5x Multiply the perfect square

trinomial by -2.

f(x) = -18x2-12x - 2 + 5x Combine like terms.

f(x) = -18x2-17x - 2

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1. Let’s Practice

A. Directions: Tell whether the given quadratic functions are in general form
or standard form.

1. y = (x – 1)2 –4 ________________________________

2. y = 2x² − 4x _________________________________
7
3. y= 3x 2 − x + 4 _________________________________

4. y= (x - 3)2 + 5 _________________________________

5. y= (x -10)2 + 36 _________________________________
Activity 2. Keep Practicing
A. Match the given quadratic function y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + bx + c to its equivalent
standard form 𝑦 = a (𝑥 - ℎ)2 + 𝑘.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 +
13 𝐴. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − 3
4

1
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 3 𝐵. 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 + 2
2

3. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 17 𝐶. 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 3)2 − 1

1 2
2
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 1 D. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − ) + 3
2

1 3
𝐸. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 −
5. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 2 2
ACTIVITY 2. Keep Practicing.

Activity 3. Test Yourself.

A. Direction: Transform the given quadratic functions into the form
To standard form (vertex form) 𝑦 = a (𝑥 - ℎ)2 + 𝑘.
1. y = x² + 4x − 10 _____________________________
2. y = 3x² − 4x + 1 _____________________________
3. y = x2 + 8x + 18 _______________________________
B. Convert the following quadratics from vertex form to standard form.
1. y = -(x – 1)2 – 1 ___________________________
2. y = 2(x – 2)2 – 3 ___________________________
3. y = (x + 4)2 + 4 ___________________________
 WRAP–UP

To change 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the form 𝑦 = a(𝑥 - ℎ)2 + 𝑘, we follow this

procedure:
A. 1. Factor out a in 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥.
2. Complete the square.
3. Simplify.
B. Substitute the value of 𝑎, b, and c to the formula:
‐𝑏 4𝑎𝑐 ‐ 𝑏 2
h= k=
2𝑎 4𝑎

To change y = 𝑎(x - h)2 + k into the form y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + bx + c, we follow these

procedure:
1. Square the binomial.
2. Apply the Multiplication Property or the Distributive Property.
3. Simplify.

VALUING

REFLECTION: There are times when we are in not so favourable situation just like these days
when we are experiencing crisis due to the pandemic. Our community was transformed into
community quarantine to ECQ. From ECQ to GCQ. From GCQ to MGCQ. Our normal way of
life was transformed into " new normal". In the same way, our learning process is transformed
from learning at school to learning at home or distance learning. We are used to study with our
classmates and friends. Our normal way of learning is now transformed into learning with our
family.
If we think of it as a not so favourable situation, we can transform it into a favourable situation.
We can learn at home while having fun with our family. We can take this opportunity to
strengthen our relationship with our parents, brothers and sisters. So have fun while learning.
Remember, always think positive but stay negative.
 POST TEST

B. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. What is the standard form for the quadratic function y= (x - 1)2+ 16

a. y= x 2 − 2x + 17 b. 𝑦 = x 2 − x + 4 c. 𝑦 = 2x 2 − x + 16

2. Given y= (x - 1)2+ 16, what is the value of a?

a. a= 16 b= 1 c= -1

3. Given y = 2x2, what is the value of h and k?

a. h= 3 and k= ½ b. h= 0and k= 0 c. h= 2 and k= 2

4. The vertex form of the equation y= x2+4x+4 is ______________.

a. y= (x-4)2 b. y= (x+4)2 c. y= (x+2)2 d. y= (x-2)2

5. The general form of the equation y= 2(x-1)2+2 is ______________.

a. y= 2x2 \ b. y=2x2-4x c. y=2x2-4x+4 d. y= -2x2x+4x+4

 Rex Bookstore, CM Recto Ave, Revised Edition 2015
3. Orlando Oronce, Marilyn Mendoz,E-Math Worktext in Mathematics,
2. Mathematics Learners’s Material 9, Depeartment of Education
ntricity/Domain/360/ConvertVertexStandardForm.pdf
1. https://www.scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us/cms/lib5/NY01001205/Ce
R E F E R E N CE S
Pre Test Activity 2. Keep Practicing
Standard Form (vertext form) 1.D
2 2.E
y = 3(x+2)
2 3.C
y= 5(x – 3) + 1
2
4.A
y = (x – 3) + 7 5.B
2
y= (x-2) +4 Activity 3. Test Yourself
General Form A.
2 2
y= -3x +9x-1 1. y= (x+2) -14
2 2
f(x)= -x + 2x + 2 2. y= 3( x- 2/3) + 1/3
2 2
y= x -4x +8 3. y= (x+4) +2
2 B.
y= 1 +3x + x
2
2 1. y= -x + 2x -2
y= 3x + 3x
2
2 2. y= 2x -8x +5
y= x + 6x + 8
2
Recap 3. y= x + 8x +20
1. a = 2 , b = -20 , c = 25
2. a = 3 , b = 0 , c = 20 Post Test
3. a = 1 , b = 2 , c=3 1.A
4. a = 1 , b = 0 , c = -64 2.B
5. a = 2 , b = -7 , c = 40 3.B
4.C
Activity 1. Let's Practice 5.C
1. Standard
2. General
3. General
4. Standard
5. Standard
KEY TO CORRECTION