JOHN PAUL COLLEGE

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

CE 404
PLATE NO.2

RATING
BSCE 4-C

SUBMITTED BY:
FAUSTO, DAN MARSHALL Y.
20210672-6

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JAMES BAGALLON FERRANCULLO

SEPTEMBER 18, 2023

1.Determine who is responsible for the planning, design, construction and
maintenance of the different classes of roads in your locality or in the Philippines
( national road, local, municipal, barangay…) provide at least 2 roads.

HALSEMA HIGHWAY

Halsema Highway, also known as

Benguet-Mountain Province Road, is the
country’s highest road constructed above
sea level. Its highest point, 2.26 km (7,400
ft) above sea level, is situated in the
municipality of Atok, Benguet.
Initially built as a foot trail in the 1920s,
Halsema Highway is now a major
highway in Northern Luzon. The 150-km
road connects Baguio City to the
municipality of Bontoc, Mountain
Province.

The highway was named after an American engineer, named Eusebius Julius Halsema, who served as
the mayor of Baguio from 1920 to 1937. Under Halsema's term, its construction commenced in 1922
with the help of locals and was completed in 1930 as a foot trail.
While parts of the winding highway are especially dangerous during the rainy season as roads become
slippery and landslides are common, a drive along Halsema offers cold, breezy mountain air and
breathtaking views.
Driving through Halsema, you will pass by 8 municipalities in Benguet, 4 towns in Mountain Province,
and once it reaches Dantay in Bontoc, it splits to downtown Bontoc or straight towards Sagada.
If you’re on a Northern adventure, chances are you’ll be driving through this highway, otherwise
known as Baguio-Bontoc Road or the Mountain Trail.
Halsema Highway is also one of the most dangerous roads in the world. It’s certainly the most
dangerous road in the country.
Why is it dangerous? When it rains, which is often, the asphalt portion of the road becomes slippery. It
is also built along a very landslide-prone area. During wet seasons, the fog becomes too thick that
visibility is impossible.
Before it’s completion recently, some areas lacked guard rails, and other areas were still unpaved.
Buses have been known to topple right off the edge!
Fortunately, dangerous is no longer the case for Halsema Highway. Renovations had greatly improved
the construction that was put in place when the road opened in 1930.
 KENNON ROAD

Originally called Benguet Road, it

was later renamed in honor of its
builder, Col. Lyman Walter Vere
Kennon of the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers.
Kennon Road was opened on Monday
(August 31) but only for residents
living in communities along the
historic road.
According to Edilberto Carabbacan,
Cordillera Administrative Region
director of the Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH),
Kennon Road remains closed to all
kinds of vehicles except for jeepneys
and vehicles ferrying residents living
in communities along the road.
He said the road remains closed as
total clearing operations are still
ongoing and that debris from the
landslide in Sitio Uabac, Camp 7 in
Baguio City remains to be cleared.
Vehicles of residents of Camp 6, Camp 7 and other areas of communities in Kennon Road are also
allowed to pass through the one-lane traffic from 6 a.m to 8 a.m., 12 p.m. to 1 p.m., and 5 p.m. to 8 p.m.
only.
Carabbacan added that they only allowed residents to pass through as many residents in the area
complain of the difficulty of having to walk through the landslide area just to go to school or head to
their office in Baguio City proper.
Residents that cannot follow the schedule will either wait for the scheduled road opening or go all the
way down to Rosario, La Union and head towards Marcos Highway to get to the Baguio City proper.
Carabbacan advised all motorists going to Baguio to pass through Marcos Highway for the meantime
as it will take time before the massive landslide in Sitio Uabac will be cleared.
He also said the landslide debris deposited in the upper portion of the mountain remains a danger to
motorists every time there is strong rain.
2. Determine also how much money is spent in a typical year for highway
planning. What are the sources of funds?

Because of budget shortfalls and cuts, rebuilding the ageing transport highways in the
industrialised countries will incur hefty maintenance expenses. Better, safer, and less congested
roadways are required as a result of economic growth, rising automobile usage, and personal travel
demand.
Consistent with the government’s target to increase infrastructure spending to more than 5%
of the country’s GDP, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) has been allocated PhP
458.6 billion ($9.17 billion), the greater bulk of which will be utilized to improve road transport not
only in major urban cities (i.e. Metro Manila and Metro Cebu), but as well as in other part of the
country such as Mindanao through the Mindanao Logistics Infrastructure Network (MLIN).
The Philippines is a dynamic economy with a relatively smaller financial system than other
Asian emerging market economies, dominated by banks. The total assets of the system amount to 126
percent of GDP. However, bank credit is just over 50 percent of GDP and mostly goes to nonfinancial
corporates (NFCs)
One of the promises of the Duterte Administration is to bring about the “Golden Age of
Infrastructure.” The Department of Budget & Management (DBM) hopes to achieve this by investing
as much as 7% of the country’s GDP annually on infrastructure. Government has identified 75
flagships, high-impact infrastructure projects, with a focus on building: (1) more railways, urban mass
transport, airports & seaports; (2) more bridges & roads; and (3) new & better cities. The
identification of these projects has been made possible through government’s “Three-Year Rolling
Infrastructure Plan (TRIP)”, which consolidates and prioritizes among the proposed infrastructure
projects identified by various National Government line agencies (4,895 in total), which are readily
implementable and in accordance with the country’s Philippine Development Plan (PDP).
These infrastructure projects will be financed, through 3 main sources:
(1) government’s budget;
(2) Official Development Assistance (ODA); and
(3) private sector participation.
3. How much does an LGU spent for road maintenance?

For all types of roads, the budget for operations and maintenance comes from three main sources:
• The General Fund (General Appropriations Act);
• 20 percent of the Internal Revenue Allotments to Local Governments, or the Development Fund; and
• The Special Local Roads Fund (SLRF), as provided for under Republic Act (RA) 8794 or the Motor
Vehicles Users’ Charge (MVUC) Law. Additional sources of funds, albeit irregular or external in
nature, include the Philippine Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) of Congressmen and Senators;
the Social Fund of the Office of the President; and official development assistance (ODA) from
bilateral and/or multilateral donor.
With expenditures on routine maintenance of the rural road within the capacity of the local
government units (LGUs), the gains are enormous. This was established by the ILO in the study Road
Maintenance in the Philippines where it was determined that expenses to maintain one kilometer of
road for five years amount to only 17 percent of what it would cost to reconstruct the same road when
it has deteriorate.
Each LGU shall maintain a separate Trust Account to be known as the Road Fund
Disbursement Account by opening a Local Currency Current Account (LCCA) in the authorized
government depository bank preferably Land Bank of the Philippines and provide the DPWH with the
LCCA Number, copy furnished the DILG. Based on the approved AWPs for SLRF, the Road Board
will forward and request the release of fund corresponding to the approved amount to the 10
Department of Budget and Management for issuance of SARO and NCA to DPWH Central Office.
DPWH central office shall release the funds thru the issuance of Sub Allotment Advice (SAA) and NCA
to the DPWH Regional Offices. The DPWH Regional Offices shall release the funds to LGUs thru
Letter of Advice of Allotment (LAA) and the corresponding cash advance in the form of check based on
the approved amount in the Annual Work Program for each province/city.

Sample computations to determine maintenance activity costs per kilometer.

The patching of potholes, for example, is estimated to cost PhP6,000.00 per km and covers costs of
materials and labour. For vegetation control, which does not require any material, estimated labor
costs is PhP4, 000.00 per km. The most expensive routine maintenance work involves the reshaping of
earth and gravel surfaces of the road including restoration of drainage. Costing PhP7, 200.00 per km,
this requires the use of a road grader.