COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING PART 7 b.

hollow metal tube used for transmission of

MICROWAVES microwave energy
c. plastic tubular transmission line for high RF
1. Indicate which of the following frequencies cannot be network
used for reliable beyond-the-horizon terrestrial d. braided wire used for transmission of HF
communications without repeaters:
10. Transmission lines which can convey electromagnetic
a. 20 kHz waves only in higher order modes are usually called
b. 15 MHz
c. 900 MHz a. coaxial cable
d. 12 GHz b. twisted pair
c. power lines
2. A ship-to-ship communications system is plagued by d. waveguides
fading. The best solution seems to be the use of
11. In order to reduce cross-sectional dimensions, the
a. A more directional antenna waveguide to use is
b. A broadband antenna
c. Frequency diversity a. circular
d. Space diversity b. ridge
c. rectangular
3. A range of microwave frequencies more easily passed by d. elliptical
the atmosphere than are the others is called a
12. A signal propagated in a waveguide has afull wave of
a. Window electric intensity change between the two farther walls,
b. Critical frequency and no component of the electric field in the direction of
c. Gyro frequency range propagation. The mode is
d. Resonance in the atmosphere
a. TE1,1
4. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of b. TE1,0
c. TM2,2
a. Ground waves d. TE2,0
b. Sky waves
c. Surface waves 13. When a particular mode is excited in a waveguide, there
d. Space waves appears an extra electric component, in the direction of
propagation. The resulting mode is
5. Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in the
following range: a. Transverse electric
b. transverse magnetic
a. HF c. longitudinal
b. VHF d. transverse electromagnetic
c. UHF e. none of these
d. VLF
6. When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, 14. The wavelength of a wave in a waveguide
this is known as
a. is greater than in free space
a. The Faraday effect b. depends on waveguide dimensions and free
b. Ducting space wavelength
c. Tropospheric scatter c. is inversely proportional to the phase velocity
d. Ionospheric reflection d. is directly proportional to the group velocity

7. Helical antennas are often used for satellite tracking at 15. When electromagnetic waves are propagated in a
VHF because of waveguide, they

a. Troposcatter a. travel along the broader walls of the guide

b. Superrefraction b. are reflected from walls but not travel along
c. Ionospheric refraction them
d. The Faraday effect c. travel through the dielectric without touching the
walls
8. ________ consists basically of a thin film strip in intimate d. travel along the 4 walls of the waveguide
contact with one side of a flat dielectric substrate, with a
similar thin-film ground plane conductor on the other side 16. When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth,
of the substrate. this is known as

a. strip line a. Faraday Effect

b. lecher wire b. Ducting
c. microstrip c. Tropospheric Scatter
d. stub d. Ionospheric Reflection

9. Waveguide is a 17. A waveguide mode in which there is no component of

electric field in the direction of propagation given in the
a. device used to determine the wavelength of a British European standards.
signal
a. H-mode
 b. E-mode d. fraunhoffer zone
c. TE mode
d. M-mode 26. Waveguides are used mainly for microwave transmission
because
18. The extra strength needed in order to assure that enough
signal reaches the receiving antenna and must be made a. they depend on straight line propagation
available to compensate for fades; computed as the b. losses are heavy at lower frequencies
difference between the received signal strength and the c. they are bulky at lower frequencies
threshold level d. no generator is powerful enough to excite them

a. Fade Margin 27. A waveguide assembly that lets the radar transmitter and
b. Threshold Level receiver share an antenna is called
c. Noise Figure
d. RSL a. translator
b. diplexer
19. The use of redundant system to reduce the effects of c. flip-flop
multipath fading is d. duplexer

a. combining 28. ____________ is a graph wherein the terrain in which the

b. modulation microwave beam should traverse.
c. multiplexing
d. diversity a. topograph
b. radio path profile
20. A profile graph of the microwave energy path c. fresnel graph
d. net path graph
a. shows the cross section of the earth’s surface
b. determines LOS or site technical feasibility 29. The fresnel zone is the circular zone about the ______ path.
c. determines the actual clearance, antenna
heights and system reliability a. reflected
d. all of the preceding b. direct
c. LOS
21. In locating microwave relay stations, the systems designer d. Refracted
must consider
30. The radius in the circular zone is in the first fresnel zone
a. terrain obstructions and reflection points when the reflected path is ________ longer than the direct
b. site security and navigational hazards path.
c. availability of power, water source and
accessible roads a. /2
d. all of the above b. 
c. /4
22. A microwave path over which radio waves barely touches d. /8
the obstruction is called
31. At ______ of the first fresnel zone is a condition where there
a. Line of Sight is no gain and no loss.
b. Obstructed Path
c. Grazing Path a. 0.5
d. Crooked Path b. 0.6
c. 0.7
23. What is the function of regenerative repeater? d. 0.8

a. to eliminate bias distortion 32. The weakest signal the receiver could accept to be
b. to help in the loading of the telegraph lines considered satisfactory.
c. to reduce required signal levels
d. to reshape the pulses after they have become a. threshold
distorted b. fade margin
c. RSL
24. A situation when there is no net change in attenuation or d. NPL
“no gain, no loss” occurs when ______ % of the first fresnel
radius clears a path obstruction in microwave systems. 33. The frequency band from 8 to 12 GHz is known as the
______ band.
a. 45%
b. 60% a. C
c. 75% b. Ku
d. 85% c. X
d. Ka
25. __________ are concentric circular zones about a direct
path of a microwave signal called Huygen’s radiation 34. The difference between the Received Signal Level and
center, forming an imaginary solid called an ellipsoid the FM Improvement Threshold
_______.
a. System Gain
a. temperature zone b. Noise Threshold
b. skip zone c. Fade Margin
c. fresnel zone d. Reliability
 b. higher than
35. A Fade Margin of 28 dB has a reliability of c. lower than
d. NOTA
a. 99%
b. 99.9% 45. The following are methods of exciting waveguides except
c. 99.99%
d. 99.999% a. slot coupling
b. antennas
36. Topographical maps are maps used for microwave c. flanges
communications systems design because ________ are d. direct coupling
shown, thereby elevations are known.
a. latitudes 46. Higher order mode-waveguides are not used in practice
b. longitudes because they have _______ cut-off frequencies.
c. contour lines
d. scales a. low
b. high
37. The dominant mode in a rectangular waveguide. c. indeterminate
d. fixed
a. TEM
b. TE 1,1 47. Indicate which of the following cannot be followed by the
c. TE 1,0 word “waveguide”.
d. TM 1,1
a. elliptical
38. The velocity of a resultant wave as it travels through the b. flexible
waveguide. c. coaxial
d. ridged
a. speed of light 48. A piston attenuator is a
b. group velocity
c. phase velocity a. vane attenuator
d. incident velocity b. waveguide below cut-off
c. mode filter
39. The principal mode for a circular waveguide. d. flap attenuator

a. TE 1,0 49. Which of the following waveguide tuning components is

b. TM 2,0 not easily adjustable?
c. TE 1,1
d. TEM a. screw
b. stub
40. A type of waveguide that reduces the cutoff wavelength, c. iris
increases bandwidth and allows for a variation of the d. plunger
characteristic impedance.
50. Which of the following is not a waveguide termination
a. ridge component?
b. rectangular a. tapered pyramid
c. tee b. post
d. twisted c. tapered resistance card
d. stepped resistance card
41. The subscript which indicates the number of /2’s along
the waveguide height. 51. What microwave component can sample part of the
power traveling through the waveguide?
a. m
b. n a. directional coupler
c. a b. magic tee
d. b c. circulator
d. re-entrant cavity
42. The international equivalent of the TE mode
52. The following are gases used for LASER’s except
a. H
b. E a. helium
c. Z b. neon
d. TEM c. argon
d. ruby
43. The smallest free space wavelength that is just unable to
propagate in the waveguide under given conditions. 53. Also known as the optical maser
a. guide
b. phase a. ruby maser
c. cut-off b. LASER
d. group c. quantum mechanics
d. GaAs maser
44. The characteristic wave impedance of a waveguide in
the TE mode is _________ that of the TM mode. 54. Paramagnetic means _________ magnetic

a. equal to a. almost
 b. fully 64. The following are slow wave structures used to retard the
c. slightly RF field in a TWT except
d. electro a. helix
b. attenuator
55. Tuning the ruby maser is done by adjusting the _________ c. waveguide coupled cavity
to alter the energy level of the ferrous chromium. d. NOTA

a. electric field 65. A rectangular waveguide is 5.1 cm by 2.4 cm. The cut-off
b. magnetic field frequency for the dominant mode is
c. pumping of electrons
d. electromagnetic field a. 2.94 GHz
b. 6.25 GHz
56. To overcome the very narrow bandwidth in ruby maser, c. 664 MHz
________ is used. d. 57.7 GHz

a. Magnetron 66. Calculate the cut-off wavelength, the guide wavelength

b. TWT and the characteristic impedance of a circular
c. IMPATT diode waveguide whose internal diameter is 4 cm for a 10 GHz
d. Gunn diode signal propagated in it in the dominant mode. (kr = 1.84)

57. The following are applications of masers except a. 6.83 cm, 3 cm, 420 
b. 3 cm, 6.83 cm, 420 
a. radioastronomy c. 6.83 cm, 3.34 cm, 420 
b. radiotelescope d. 6.83 cm, 3.34 cm, 338 
c. radar
d. ET communications 67. A wave is propagated in a parallel plane waveguide. The
frequency is 6 GHz and the plane separation is 3 cm. The
58. A parametric amplifier is a device which amplifies signal cut-off wavelength for the dominant mode, the group
by varying the and phase velocities are

a. resistance a. 5 cm, 166 Mm/sec, 543 Mm/sec

b. reactance b. 6 cm, 166 Mm/sec, 543 Mm/sec
c. magnetic field c. 6 cm, 543 Mm/sec, 166 Mm/sec
d. electric field d. 5 cm, 543 Mm/sec, 166 Mm/sec

59. The following are parts of the parametric amplifier except 68. If the MTBF of a communication circuit is 20,000 hours and
its MTTR is 5 hours, what is its unavailability?
a. idling circuit
b. pump circuit a. 0.00025
c. tuned circuit b. 99.975%
d. filter circuit c. 0.25 %
d. 00.975%
60. The number of cavities in a magnetron used in practice.
69. What would be the ERP, in watts if the transmitter output is
a. 4 30 dBm and the transmission line loss is 20 dB and the
b. 6 antenna connected to it has a power gain of 60 dB?
c. 8
d. 10 a. 10,000 watts
b. 1000 watts
61. Changing the anode voltage to change the velocity of c. 100 watts
the electrons in a magnetron tube d. 10 watts

a. frequency pushing 70. Also referred to as the Transferred Electron Device

b. frequency pulling
c. strapping a. magnetron
d. pumping b. TWT
c. Gunn diode
62. The lowest frequency that will propagate through the d. APD
waveguide while operating in a particular mode.
71. Also known as the Esaki diode
a. critical frequency
b. cut-off frequency a. gunn
c. MUF b. tunnel
d. UHF c. APD
d. TWT
63. The mode of a waveguide where there is no component
of magnetic field in the direction of propagation. 72. The following are negative resistance amplifiers except

a. TE a. tunnel
b. TM b. gunn
c. H c. IMPATT
d. TEM d. PIN diode
73. Regarded as the oldest semiconductor device
83. A Twystron is a hybrid combination of
a. Shottky Barrier diode
b. PIN diode a. TWT and Magnetron
c. point contact diode b. TWT and Klystron
d. triode c. TWT and Ubitron
d. TWT and gyrotron
74. Also called the hot electron diode
84. A multicavity klystron with interconnected multigap
a. PIN diode cavities
b. ESBAR
c. APD a. TWT
d. Gunn diode b. Twystron
c. EIA
75. Also called tunnel rectifiers d. gyrotron

a. backward diode 85. SAW propagate in

b. schottky barrier diode
c. APD a. GaAs
d. PIN diode b. InP
c. Stripline
76. Varactors are variable ________ diode. d. quartz crystal

a. reactance 86. The output from a laser is monochromatic; this means that
b. capacitance it is
c. inductance
d. resistance a. infrared
b. narrow beam
77. Diodes designed to store energy in their capacitance c. polarized
during forward bias and generates harmonics in the d. single frequency
reverse bias.
87. The ruby laser differs from the ruby maser in that the former
a. step recovery
b. gunn a. does not require pumping
c. APD b. needs no resonator
d. IMPATT c. is an oscillator
d. produces much lower powers
78. A cross between the TWT and the magnetron in its
operation 88. The transmission system using two ground planes

a. CFA a. microstrip
b. BWO b. elliptical waveguide
c. EIA c. parallel wire line
d. Twystron d. stripline

79. The following are parts of a multicavity klystron except 89. A BWO is based on the

a. buncher cavity a. rising sun magnetron

b. catcher cavity b. CFA
c. cathode c. coaxial magnetron
d. attenuator d. TWT

80. The very first microwave transistors 90. One of the following is unlikely to be used as a pulsed
device
a. GaAs FET
b. Si BJT a. multicavity klystron
c. MIC b. BWO
d. NOTA c. CFA
d. TWT
81. The most common microwave FET which is also known as
the MESFET 91. A microwave tube amplifier uses an axial magnetic field
and a radial electric field
a. Dual GaAs FET
b. Si BJT a. reflex klystron
c. MIC b. coaxial magnetron
d. Schottky Barrier Gate c. TW magnetron
d. CFA
82. It looks like a shorter, thicker TWT 92. The attenuator is used in the TWT to

a. CFA a. help bunching

b. BWO b. prevent oscillation
c. EIA c. prevent saturation
d. Twystron d. increase gain
93. The glass tube of a TWT may be coated with aquadag to

a. help focusing
b. provide attenuation
c. improve bunching
d. increase gain

94. The cavity magnetron uses strapping to

a. prevent mode jumping

b. prevent cathode back heating
c. ensure bunching
d. improve the phase focusing effect

95. Compared with equivalent transmission lines, 3-GHz

waveguides (indicate false statement)

a. are less lossy

b. can carry higher powers
c. are less bulky
d. have lower attenuation

96. Indicate the false statement. When the free-space

wavelength of a signal equals the cutoff wavelength of
the guide

a. the group velocity of the signal becomes zero

b. the phase velocity of the signal becomes infinite
c. the characteristic impedance of the guide
becomes infinite
d. the wavelength within the waveguide becomes
infinite

97. A disadvantage of microstrip with respect to stripline

circuits is that the former

a. do not lend themselves to printed-circuit

techniques
b. are more likely to radiate
c. are bulkier
d. are more expensive and complex to
manufacture

98. In order to couple two generators to a waveguide system

without coupling them to each other, one could not use a

a. rat-race
b. E-plane T
c. Hybrid ring
d. Magic T

99. A PIN diode is

a. a metal semiconductor point-contact diode

b. a microwave mixer diode
c. often used as a microwave detector
d. suitable for use as a microwave switch

100. For handling high powers, the best transmission medium is

a. stripline
b. microstrip
c. rectangular waveguide
d. coaxial line