CH: STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM-ANSWER KEY

Grade: 9 SUB: CHEMISTRY

FINAL EXAM REVISION SHEET
MAKING SENSE

1. Atomic number (Z) is equal to ————–

(a) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
(b) Number of electrons in a neutral atom
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Ans:(a) Solution: Atomic number (Z) is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
2. Two atoms are said to be Isobars if ————–
(a) They have same atomic number but different mass number
(b) They have same number of electrons but different number of neutrons
(c) They have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of electrons.
(d) They have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.
Ans: (d) Solution: Two atoms are said to be Isobars if they have the same mass number but
different atomic numbers.
3. The mass number of the element is —————
(a) the sum of the number of electrons and protons
(b) the sum of the number of protons and neutrons
(c) the number of neutrons
(d) the number of protons
Ans: (b)
Solution: The mass number of the element is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
4. The atomic number of an element is equal to ————
(a) number of neutrons
(b) number of electrons
(c) number of protons
(d) number of neutrons + number of protons
Ans: (c)Solution: The atomic number of an element is equal to number of protons.
5. An alpha particle is also known as ————–
(a) subatomic particle
(b) an unionised helium atom
(c) a neutral particle
(d) a doubly-charged helium ion
Ans: (d)Solution: An alpha particle is a doubly-charged helium ion i.e. He2+
6. Which of the following statements about the electron is incorrect?
(a) It is a negatively charged particles
(b) The mass of the electron is equal to the mass of the neutron
(c) It is a basic constituent of all atom
(d) It is a constituent of cathode rays
Ans: (b)
Solution: the mass of an electron is equal to 1/1836 of the mass of a proton or neutron.
7. How many electrons can be occupied in the M shell?
(a) 8
(b) 16
(c) 18
(d) 32
Ans: (c)Solution: The electrons are occupy in the shell by using the 2n2 rule. For M shell n=3 , so
total 2 x 32 = 18 electrons.
8. Who discovered the canal rays?
(a) Goldstein
(b) J.J Thomson
(c) Chadwick
(d) Rutherford
Ans: (a) Solution: Goldstein
9. Assertion: Isobars are identical in chemical properties.
Reason: Isobars have same atomic number.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

10. Assertion: Thomson’s atomic model is known as ‘Plum pudding’ model.

Reason: The atom is visualized as a pudding of positive charge with electrons embedded in it.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

MAKING CONNECTIONS
10. In the atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the outermost shell. If it acquires noble
gas configuration by accepting requisite number of electrons, then what would be the charge
on the ion so formed?
AnsGiven that in an atom of an element X, 6 electrons are present in the valance shell. So, to attain
noble gas configuration it requires 2 more electrons. So, the element will accept two more
electrons and form a −2 charge.

11. The following shows the standard representation of Sodium atom.

a) Diagrammatically show the electron distributions in a sodium atom and a sodium ion.

b) Na+ has completely filled K and L shells. Explain.

Ans The atomic number of sodium is 11. It has 1 electron in its outermost (M) shell. The one
electron in the M shell is lost and it forms ion, since it has one more proton than electrons,. The
new electronic configuration is K-2; L-8 which is the completely filled state.

c) Give this elements atomic number, valency and number of valence electrons.
Ans

d) An element X has an atomic number 6 and atomic mass 12. Which scientific notation can
represent the element and identify the element.
12. Chlorine has two isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37.
a) Write down the electron distribution of chlorine atom. How many electrons are there in the L
shell?
Ans

b) These isotopes occur in nature in the ratio.

Ans The two isotopes of chlorine are 3517Cl and 3717Cl in the ratio of 3:1.
c) What would be the atomic mass for chlorine?

13. The image shows the isotopes of hydrogen.

a) Define Isotopes.
Ans Isotopes are defined as the atoms of the same element, having the same atomic number but
different mass numbers. The chemical properties of isotopes are similar but their physical
properties are different.

b) Why do they have the same atomic number but different mass number?
Ans The number of protons in all the atoms of a particular element is same, therefore to have
different mass numbers, isotopes contain different number of neutrons.

c) What are the names of the isotopes of Hydrogen?

Ans There are three isotopes of hydrogen namely, protium 11H, deuterium 21H or D and lastly
tritium 31H or T. The isotopes are different because of the different number of neutrons present
in them.
d) Give any two uses of isotopes.
Some isotopes have special properties which find them useful in various fields. Some of them are :
(i) An isotope of uranium is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors.
(ii) An isotope of cobalt is used in the treatment of cancer.
(iii) An isotope of iodine is used in the treatment of goitre

14. The valency of the element. We all know how electrons in an atom are arranged in
shells/orbitals expresses the number of bonds that an atom can form as part of a
compound. Valence electrons are those electrons, which are present in the outermost orbit of
the atom. From the Bohr-bury scheme, we can say that the outermost shell can contain a
maximum of 8 electrons. Only a little chemical activity is observed when the outermost shell is
completely filled. The importance of valence: when two atoms react, their outer shell first
comes into contact and it is, therefore, the outer shell electron that is normally involved in a
chemical reaction. The atoms exchange valence electrons in a chemical reaction to stabilize
their valence shell.
a) Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen write the number of valence electrons
in these atoms of the elements.
Ans

b) If Z = 3, what would be the valency of the element? Also, name the element.
By Z = 3, we mean that the atomic number of the element is 3. Its electronic configuration is 2,
1. Hence, the valency of the element is 1 (since the outermost shell has only one electron).
Therefore, the element with Z = 3 is lithium.
c) Why are inert gases like He & Ne less reactive?
Noble gases are the least reactive of all known elements. That is because with eight valence
electrons, their outer energy levels are full.
d) Differentiate between Isotopes and Isobars.
TRANSFER OF LEARNING
15.

Ans

16. Complete the following table

17. Matter is composed of indivisible building blocks. Leucippus and Democritus recorded this idea
as early as the 5th century BCE. The Greeks called these particles atomos, meaning indivisible,
and the modern word “atom” is derived from this term. Democritus proposed that different
types and combinations of these particles were responsible for the various forms of matter. The
concept of the atom was revisited and elaborated upon by many scientists and philosophers,

a) Based on Thomson’s model of an atom, explain how the atom is neutral as a whole.

As per Thomson's atomic model, An atom contains a positively charged sphere in which the
negatively charged electrons are implanted. Electrons and protons are equal in magnitude;
hence, an atom overall is electrically neutral.

b) What were the observations and conclusion of Rutherford gold foil experiment?
c) What part of Bohr’s model of atomic structure explains why electrons do not crash into the
nucleus?
Electrons revolve in orbits that have specific energy.

d) What are the maximum number of electrons in the L shell according to the Bohr & Bury’s rule
for electronic configuration:-
Ans-Every atom has a discrete number of orbits in which electrons revolve with fixed energy.
e) What were the limitations of Rutherford atomic structure?
His model failed to explain the stability of atoms. The arrangement of electrons in a circular
path was not defined.
Any particle that is moving in a circular path would undergo acceleration and radiates energy.
Thus, the revolving electron would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus.