Changing crimes and their

causes

Based on court records between 73.5%

1300 and 1348, what
percentage of crime was theft?

Based on court records between 18.2%

1300 and 1348, what
percentage of crime was
murder?

When was the Great Famine? 1315-1317

In what decade during the 14th 1340s

Century was the Black Death
that killed a third of the
population?

Name a trigger that caused the Statute of Labourers, 1351,

Peasants’ Revolt (1381). new king in 1377, poll tax from
1377.

Name a war that was going on 100 years’ war, 1337-1453 or

during the medieval period (and War of the Roses, 1455-85
years).
Name a rebellion / revolt during Peasants’ Revolt, 1381, Jack
the medieval period (and year). Cade’s revolt 1450, Cornish
rebellion, 1497

John Wycliffe was a heretic to Lollards

the Catholic Church during the
medieval period. What were his
followers known as?

In the Tudor period, what Around 75%

percentage of crime was theft?

In the Tudor period, what Around 15%

percentage of crime was violent
crime?

What was the population of 2.9 million

England and Wales in 1500?

What was the population of 4.5 million

England and Wales in 1600?

In what two decades of the 16th 1550s, 1590s

century were the harvests
particularly bad, which caused a
steep rise in the price of food?
Why was the enclosure of land Farmers kept sheep instead of
in the Tudor period an issue for growing crops so fewer
labourers? labourers were needed

In what decade was Henry VIII’s 1530s

Dissolution of the Monasteries
which took away their important
role of helping the poor?

Name four types of vagrants / Angler, Counterfeit Crank,

vagabonds / rogues from the Abraham Man, Clapper
Tudor period. Dungeon, Hooker, Doxy,
Ruffler

1601
When was the 1598 Poor Law to
tackle vagrancy made
permanent?

Martin Luther
Which German monk resulted in
the emergence of the Protestant
branch of Christianity and the
Reformation?
283
How many people did Mary execute
in her reign (1553 – 1558) for heresy
(holding a belief or opinion that is
different to the accepted religion)?

Provide an example including Pilgrimage of Grace (1536),

the year of a treasonable Wyatt’s Rebellion (1554) or
incident from the Tudor period. Apprentice Riots (1595)
Provide an example including Gunpowder Plot (1605), Popish
the year of a treasonable Plot (1678) or Monmouth
incident from the Stuart period. Rebellion (1685)

What was the population of 9 million

England in 1700?

Name two new or increasing Smuggling, highway robbery,

crimes that began post-1700. protests due to political rights

Name a smuggling hotspot in Brandy Cove in Swansea

the eighteenth century.

Which leading politician was Robert Walpole

involved in smuggling in the
eighteenth century?

In 1784 the tax on tea changed 119% to 12%

from what to what (%)?

Give a reason for an increase Trade led to increase in travel, few

banks where money could be stored so
in highway robbery. money was carried around to pay for
goods and improved turnpike roads
made travel easier.
 Name a famous highwayman in
the eighteenth century.
Name a reason for a decline in
highway robbery in the
eighteenth century
What did the population of the
UK rise to from 16 million
between 1800 and 1900?
Name the war that finished at the
beginning of the 19th century that added
to the unemployment figures which then
led to petty crimes due to poor living
conditions.
In the 19th Century what were
places notorious for criminal
activities called? Give an
example.
Give an example of the nickname
given to a type of robbery that
took place in the nineteenth
century.
What law attempted to prevent
trade union protests between
1799 in 1800?
Dick Turpin, Tom King, John
Rann
Fewer isolated travellers (busier roads),
horse patrol set up in 1805 to guard the
roads, banknotes became traceable and
could be cashed in, JPs refusing to license
taverns known for harbouring highwaymen.
42 million
The Napoleonic Wars (1815)
Rookeries (St Giles in Central
London and King Street in
Southampton.)
Thimble-screwers (pocket
watches), prop-nailers (pins and
brooches from women) or drag-
sneaks (goods/luggage from
carts/coaches.)
The Combination Acts
Name a 19th Century group that The Luddites (1812-13) or
attacked machinery as they were Swing Riots (1830-31)
angry at the new equipment replacing
them, causing them to become
unemployed or be paid lower wages.

Provide an example of social Spa Field Riots (1816),

and political protest that did not Peterloo Massacre (1819), The
involve attacks on machines in Rebecca Riots (1839-1843) or
the industrial revolution. Chartism (1839-1848)

What book was published by Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens, influenced by
theft and the lives of criminals,
in the Industrial Revolution?

How many orphans were 30,000

estimated to live in London by
1876?

What percentage of crime was 90%

from theft during the Industrial
Revolution?

What was the name of the Jack the Ripper

anonymous serial killer who
committed multiple murders of
women in 1880s London?

Give one way in which social
reformers and politicians tried to
tackle the roots of crime in Victorian
London that led to improved social
conditions.
Clearing slums by knocking down some
areas and building new roads (e.g. Oxford
Street); social projects by philanthropists
such as George Peabody and Angela
Burdett; Introduction of compulsory
elementary education in 1870
Give two examples of new Motor / transport related crimes;
types of crime in the 20th cybercrime (linked to new
century. technology); more violent crime
such as hooliganism or terrorism

In what year was the first 1966 (Breathalysers introduced

legislation put in place to test for alcohol level in 1967)
punishing drink driving?

In what year was the first 1956

legislation put in place
punishing parking offences?

What percentage of crime in 80%

the mid- twentieth century did
working class offenders
commit?

What legislation was introduced Use of hand-held mobile

in 2003 regarding motoring phones is illegal
offences?

Provide an example of Hacking, phishing, identity

cybercrime. theft, cyber bullying and sexual
crimes.

How many people died in the 38

Heysel Stadium (Belgium)
disaster in 1985?
Name one way in which police
tackled football hooliganism
(which was present from the late
20th century).
Firearm offences increased from
1999 to 2009. What were they in
both years?
What act in 1920 made
possession of certain drugs
illegal?
What crime increased in the 20th
Century due to the banning of
certain drugs?
Provide an example of planned
terrorism that took place before
the 20th Century?
In Northern Ireland how many
people died between 1969 and 2001
from terrorist attacks carried out by
the IRA and UDA?
Provide an example of a terrorist
attack carried out by the IRA on
the British mainland.
CCTV; segregation; replacing
terraces with seats; Special
Police Unit.
5200 to nearly 10000
Dangerous Drugs Act
Smuggling or trafficking
Gunpowder Plot (1605) or Cato
Street Conspiracy (1820) or
Fenian Rising (1867)
Over 3500
Public House bombing in Birmingham
(1974) killing 19; bombing of Arndale
shopping centre in Manchester (1996)
injuring over 200; assassination of Airey
Neave MP in the House of Commons
car park (1979)
In what year did Libyan 1988
terrorists cause an aeroplane
explosion at Lockerbie in
Scotland?

How many people were killed Over 250

at Lockerbie?

In what year did the co-ordinated 2005

series of suicide bombings known
as the 7/7 attacks take place on
London’s transport system?

Crime figures have risen sharply Increased reporting of crime;

since 1900 but this is not to say
that crime has risen. Name one
other reason that could have
caused this increase.
increased recording of crime;
more laws being brought in by
government
Catching the criminal

The idea of policing in Saxon and Policing was based on community

Medieval Britain was very different action; society was hierarchical –
to the system that has developed kings relied on nobles to keep
today. Name one way it was order; and church had great power.
different.

What did senior churchmen set up in Church Courts

the Saxon and Medieval period to deal
with religious issues such as non-
payment of tithes and blasphemy?

During the Saxon and Medieval period Tithings

what were groups of ten families that
were entrusted with policing minor
problems such as disturbances, fire
and wild animals called?

What was a tithingman expected Hue and cry

to raise when the community
was threatened and to pursue
suspected offenders?

During the Saxon and Medieval Ten tithings. The hundredman

period what was a hundred? dealt with more serious threats.

England was divided up into shires The shire reeve (sheriff)

or counties during most of the
medieval period. Who was the main
person responsible for keeping order
at shire level?
What was raised by the sheriff Posse comitatus
to capture criminals that had
escaped the tithing?

When were Justices of the 1326

Peace first appointed to assist
sheriffs and also hold courts of
law?

During the Medieval period Manorial and royal courts

where did Justices of the
Peace usually hold trials and
hearings?

Who eventually replaced the Parish constables

hundredmen (13th Century)?
Their job was to maintain law
and order in communities.

From the 13th Century who Watchmen (1285 by Edward I)

patrolled at night and helped
protect against robberies,
disturbances and fire?

In Tudor times by what other Magistrates

title were Justices of the
Peace also known as?

During the Tudor period how Once a year

often were Justices of Peace
appointed?
During the Tudor period name A bell, a lantern and a weapon
one thing that the Night for protection
Watchmen carried with them.

In what year did Charles II pass an 1663

Act which created a force of paid
watchmen to patrol the streets that
were known as Charleys?

What was the name given to the Urbanisation

increased concentration of
people in large towns and cities
during the industrial revolution?

Manchester's population grew 300 000

from 75,000 in 1801 to which
figure by 1851?

What was the name given to those Thief-takers

who captured criminals for reward
money or who negotiated the return
of stolen goods for a fee (in the
Industrial period)?

Name one infamous thief taker Charles Hitchen / Jonathan

who was corruptly involved in Wild
arranging the crimes from which
they made a profit.

Name the Justice of the Peace for Thomas de Veil

Westminster who was among the first
to find a solution to the growing crime
rate in parts of London and was made
chief magistrate (1740).
Who replaced Thomas De Veil
as chief magistrate in Bow
Street (Westminster) in 1748?
When did Henry Fielding publish
‘An Enquiry into the Late
Increase in Robbers etc.’?
What were the first police
officers known as (from 1748)?
When Henry Fielding died in
1754 who continued his work at
Bow Street?
Name one thing that John Fielding
did to either tackle highway robbery
or pass or information about crimes
and criminals.
The Fielding brothers were dead by the
time that the full effects of their work were
clear. However, their legacy was carried
on by magistrates such as Patrick
Colquhoun. Name one of these
developments.
When was the Association for
the Prosecution of Felons and
Swindlers set up in
Nottinghamshire?
Henry Fielding
1751
At first, they were known as ‘Mr
Fielding’s People’ but later
became famous as the Bow
Street Runners.
John Fielding (his blind half-
brother), nicknamed ‘Blind
Beak’
He began a Horse Patrol;
continued to publish a weekly
newspaper renamed The Hue
and Cry (1786)
The Middlesex Justices Act of 1792 which extended
the Bow Street scheme by funding a similar
arrangement in seven other areas of London; a
River Police was set up in 1798; in 1805 the Horse
Patrol was re-introduced with government money to
patrol the highways around London and guard
against highway robbery
1789
What is the name of the late 18th Century Preventative policing
idea that promoted the attempts to stop
crimes from being committed rather than
just dealing with crime after it had been
carried out?

What city benefitted from the Glasgow

first state funded police force in
Britain in the year 1800?

In what year were the 1829 (expanded to cover more

Metropolitan Police established of London in 1839)
in London by the Home
Secretary Robert Peel?

The new constables nicknamed 35 years old (and at least 1.7m

‘Bobbies’ or ‘Peelers’ that patrolled tall and able to read and write)
one of the 17 districts, each with a
company of 144 police constables,
had to be below which age?

When was the Municipal 1835

Corporations Act passed which
allowed permission for police forces
to be set in larger towns?

When was the Rural Police Act 1839

passed which enabled police forces
to be set up in more rural areas
(e.g. Norwich) of the country?

When was the County and Borough 1856

Police Act passed making it compulsory
for a police force to be set up in every
county that had not previously taken the
opportunity to set one up?
Name a specialist branch of the The Detective Branch (1842) or
police force introduced in the The Special Branch (1883)
19th century.

Name one of the new, Photography (1850s onwards)

developing methods used by the or fingerprinting (1901)
police force in the Victorian era
in order to catch criminals.

Following the Police force's introduction 400%

of new crime detection methods such as
a national register, by what figure did the
crime detection rate increase in the first
few years of the 20th Century?

How many police forces were 43 (nearly 200 in 1900; this

there in 2000? reduction was due to the need
to share information)

Give a reason why, in 1900, Low wages, similar to skilled

policing jobs attracted little manual workers, lots of walking
interest. and little equipment (truncheon
and whistle)

Women were first used in 1919 (28% in 2015)

policing during WW1. When
were the first official female
constables appointed?

Give the year of one of these changes: a. 1946

a. Female police officers no longer had to
resign once married. b. 1973
b. Women able to become detectives. c. 1974
c. Female officers got equal pay.
d. Female officers no longer called WPCs. d. 1999
Give an example of a development,
towards the end of twentieth
century, designed to assist policing
in communities by building trust and
respect.
Neighbourhood Watch Schemes
(1982) or Police Community
Support Officers (2002) or Crime
Prevention Schemes (1990s)

By 1904 how many police forces Over 130

(mostly in rural areas) were
using bicycles?

In what year were the first police 1919

cars used? They became more
common in the 1930s and the first
police driving school was set up in
1935.

What vehicle was used even Motorbike (including sidecars)

more than the car in the 1930s,
known for being fast and
effective?

By the 1970s, which vehicle became Police Patrol Car

an essential part of policing and
meant that the ‘bobby on the beat’
became less common?

Name one vehicle which has Helicopters or light aircraft

been used for surveillance and
tracking since the 1980s.

Since 2000, as the use of modern To reassure local residents and

technology has slowed down, the communities
police have increased foot patrols.
Why have they done this?
By 1900, what communication Telegram / telegraph
technology linked police stations
to their regional headquarters?

In what decade were the blue 1920s

police telephone boxes
introduced?

In what year was the emergency 1937

number 999 established?

Name the infamous murderer Dr. Crippen

who was arrested in Canada in
1910 with the help of radio
communication.

By what decade were police 1960s

cars equipped with two-way
radios (walkie-talkies) and
officers equipped with mobile
radio.
What sort of data did The Police National Fingerprints, DNA, Motor
Computer (set up in 1974) hold? Give one
example. The Police National Computer
Vehicle Records and missing
was upgraded in 2000 to help monitor persons
potential terrorist activities

Name a specialised police force The Flying Squad (1919),

established in the 20th Century The Fraud Squad (1946),
and the year it was created. Dog Handling (1946),
Counter-terrorist Command (2006)
In what year was the National 1995
Automatic Fingerprint Identification
System set up, to enable police
across all forces to compare records
of fingerprints?

In what year did the Metropolitan 1935

Police Laboratory open, followed
shortly afterwards by others in
Nottingham, Sheffield and Cardiff?

In 1936, what murderer was one Buck Ruxton

of the first to be caught using
forensic methods?

In 1988, what murderer was Collin Pitchfork (prime suspect

caught using genetic was also cleared)
fingerprinting for the first time?
Changes in punishment of
offenders

What was the purpose of Retribution

punishment based on the Old
Testament idea “an eye for an
eye”?

What was the purpose of Deterrence

punishment that was based on
the idea of criminals being afraid
to commit crimes?

What was restitution? Offenders giving back to the

community or victims they have
wronged

What was the punishment in Scold’s bridle

Saxon and Medieval times for
gossiping, usually associated
with women?

What was the punishment in Pillory

Saxon and Medieval times for
selling bad food?

What was the punishment in Mutilation

Saxon and Medieval times for
theft?
What was the punishment in Hung, drawn and quartered
Saxon and Medieval times for
high treason?

How were minor offences such Pillory or Stocks

as swearing, drunkenness and
cheating customers dealt with in
the Tudor period?

What type of punishment Public Punishment

increased in the Tudor period to
combat the rise in Crime rate?

What new punishment method Flogging vagrants through the

was introduced under Tudor law streets of a town
in order to combat vagrancy?

What punishment was used Branding

occasionally on persistent
beggars in the Tudor period?

What was the most common form of Hanging

public execution in the Tudor and
Stuart period for serious crimes such
as treason, riot, murder, arson,
counterfeiting and heresy?

Where were beggars/vagrants Houses of correction or

held to support and reform them Bridewells e.g. Norwich
by making them do supervised
work?
Name the most well-known The Tower of London
prison that is located in London
that held many people of high
classes.

What happened to the religious Mutilation – his ear was cut off
protester William Prynne in
1637?

What is the term used to describe Transportation

the method of punishment which
involves banishing criminals from
the country?

When was transportation first 1678

introduced as a method of punishment
where convicted criminals were sent to
work in British colonies in North
America and the West Indies?

Between 1717 and 1776, how many Approximately 30,000

criminals had been transported to
North America to work on plantations
in areas like Virginia and Maryland?

In what year did the American war of 1776

independence take place; meaning
criminals could no longer be
transported to North America?

What was the name given to the old Hulks

and rotting ships anchored offshore in
rivers and estuaries used as temporary
prisons while new transportation
destinations were being found?
Who discovered Australia in Captain Cook
1770, providing an alternative
destination for transportation?

Approximately how many 160,000

convicts were transported to
Australia between the years
1787 and 1867?

Name one other penal colony in Norfolk Island, Queensland and

Australia besides Botany Bay in Tasmania
New South Wales.

Which act set up the system of The Transportation Act

sending convicts to penal
colonies in 1717?

What led to the setting up of the
penal colony?
The need to find new destinations for
criminals sentenced to transportation,
overcrowding in prisons and the need for
workers to help cultivate and colonise
isolated and unpopulated areas

Convicts transported by the act 7 years, 14 years, life

of 1717 were there for one of
three periods of time, what were
these periods of time?

What could well-behaved convicts Ticket of leave

apply for which gave them the
freedom to work and live in another
part of the colony?
What was the conditional Convicts were set free but not
pardon? allowed to return to Britain

What was an absolute pardon? Convicts were allowed to return

to Britain

Give one reason that the British Expensive, not enough of a

government were concerned deterrent and resentment from
over the transportation Australia
punishment.

In what decade did 1840s

transportation begin to decline?

In what year did the last convicts 1868

arrive in Western Australia?

What was the new focus of Shift to prisons

punishment after transportation?

Name the MP who was a Sir Samuel Romilly

leading campaigner in reforming
the Criminal Code.
In 1815 how many crimes were 220
punishable by death including
many minor offences such as
stealing a sheep?

In 1823 which Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel

abolished the death penalty for
over 100 crimes?

In what year was the death 1832

penalty abolished for another
100 offences?

By 1861, the number of crimes Treason, murder, espionage,

punishable by death had been arson in royal dockyards and
reduced to just five. Name two piracy with violence
of them.

In what year was public 1861

execution ended?

Name the novelist that is linked with Charles Dickens e.g. Oliver
the gradual change in attitude Twist and juvenile crime
regarding the general purpose of
punishment during the 19th Century.

What was the greatest change The number of convicted

in methods of punishment in the criminals that were given prison
nineteenth century? sentences.
In what year was public
execution no longer performed?
Before prison reform what were
prisons called and who ran
them?
What position did John Howard
hold?
What book did John Howard
publish in 1777?
What were some problems with
prisons that John Howard
found?
How did John Howard die in
1790?
What modern pressure group
named itself after John Howard?
1868
Gaols, run by gaolers
High Sheriff of Bedfordshire
The State of Prisons in England
and Wales
Prisoners were not separated, innocent
people were not let go because they
couldn’t pay the discharge fee and many
prisoners and jailors died from jail fever
(a form of typhus)
He died from jail fever he
contracted in a prison that he
was visiting in Russia
The Howard League for Penal
Reform
Who devised a reform system Sir George O. Paul
based on the construction of a
new type of prison?

When Sir George O. Paul employed Security, health, separation and

William Blackburn to design and reform
build a new prison at Gloucester
what were the four key principles on
which its design was based?

When did Elizabeth Fry a devout 1813

Quaker visit Newgate Women’s
Prison in London?

What changes took place as a Appointment of female

result of Elizabeth’s Fry warders, establishment of
campaign to improve prison schools and work such as
conditions for women? needlework

In what year was the first effective 1823. Another Act in 1839
Prison Act which made rules with
regard to security and sanitation and
gave a salary to gaolers?

In what year were all prisons placed 1877

under the control of the government
becoming ‘Her Majesty’s Prisons’
and meaning that all 115 could be
controlled centrally?

In what year was the Penal 1865

Servitude Act passed ruling that all
prison sentences should be
characterised by hard labour, hard
fare and hard board?
In what year did Pentonville 1842
prison open as a model prison
for the Silent System?

After the 1823 Act who had to Local JPs

inspect prisons and report on
their condition and progress?

What were the two types of Silent system and the separate
prison regimes that became system (kept in individual cells)
common in English and Welsh
prisons?
Give an example of a task used in Oakum picking, the treadwheel
the Silent System which was and shot drill
introduced to prevent prisoners from
being a bad influence on each other
in nineteenth century prisons.

Who proposed the Separate John Howard and George Paul

System in nineteenth century
prisons?

In what year did parliament 1948 (1986 in schools)

order that whipping was ended?

Give an example of a murder Timothy Evans (1950)

case that heightened the call for Derek Bentley (1953)
execution to be abolished in the Ruth Ellis (1955)
twentieth century.
When did the last hanging in 1964
Britain take place?

Name the act that abolished the Abolition of the Death Penalty
death penalty in 1965. Act (made permanent in 1969)

In what year was the Abolition of the 1965

Death Penalty Act that ended capital
punishment in Britain introduced for
a trial period that was then made
permanent in 1969?

In the 20th century, which category Category A prisons – in the

of prisons housed prisoners who past they would have had the
require maximum security and death penalty
whose escape would be dangerous
to the public?

Which category of prisons was D (known as open prisons)

for prisoners who could be
trusted not to escape and where
certain privileges were granted?

In 1910 what percentage of 20%

prisoners were women?

In 2010 what percentage of 5%

prisoners were women?
After the 1950s, where were Reform Schools later called
juvenile offenders aged 10-15 Approved Schools until 1970s
kept?

In the 1970s, what were Community Homes

Approved Schools replaced by?

In what year was an 1902 (plan extended in 1908)

experimental school set up, to
try to reform repeating offenders
aged 15-21, at Borstal in Kent?

In what year were Borstals 1982

abolished and replaced by
detention centres or later Young
Offenders Institutions.

The number of people in prison 83,000

increased from 20,000 in 1910
to what figure in 2010?

In what year was probation set up 1907

where the offender had to follow a
set of orders, keep in touch with
their probation officer and report to
the police?

What are suspended prison Offender does not go to prison

sentences that were introduced unless they commit another
in 1967? offence during the period of
suspension
In what year was parole introduced 1967
which allowed a prisoner to be
released before the end of their
sentence as acknowledgement for
their positive behaviour in prison?

In what year was community service 1972

introduced where offenders were
required to do unpaid work to benefit
the community such as removing
graffiti?

In what decade was electronic 1990s

tagging introduced which
restricted offenders
movements?
Historic Environment: Lincoln
Castle gaol and prison, 1787-
1878

Name the Methodist preacher John Wesley

whose father was imprisoned as
a debtor in Lincoln Gaol.

Approximately how many people 4000

were in prison in the middle of
the 18th Century?

In the late 18th century what 25%

percentage of prisoners died
every year of diseases like
typhus?

Who waited a years before being Mrs Mary Burton

transported from Lincoln’s Georgian
prison to Australia via Portsmouth in
1824 for 14 years for burglary?

How many prisoners were sent 1200

to Australia from Lincoln mostly
for crimes involving theft or
protests?

What were the two places in The County Gaol (or Old Gaol)
Lincoln Castle that held and Cobb Hall.
prisoners in the 18th Century?
In what year was the new 1787
Georgian Prison, designed by
William Lumby Lincoln’s Clerk of
Works built?

In what year was a new debtor’s 1820

yard alongside separate exercise
years for male and female
prisoners added?

The Prisons Act of 1839 led to the Felon’s The Crown Wing – referred to
Wing being demolished and replaced by
what in 1848? It was based on designs by
as the Victorian Prison
Williams Adams Nicholson and was a
made into a separate silent prison by
Joshua Jebb.

In what year was there a typhoid 1851

outbreak?

What ended in Lincoln Castle in Public executions

1868 after the passing of the
Capital Punishment Amendment
Act?

Name the governor of the prison John Merriweather

between 1799 and 1830.

Who was the first person to be Elizabeth Wilding – first of 38 up

executed in Cobb Hall on 15th to 1859
March 1817, having been found
guilty of killing her baby?
Who was the first of four people to Priscilla Biggadike
be executed between 1868 and 1877
in front of journalist after public
hangings were banned?

In what year was Lincoln’s 1878

Victorian Prison finally closed
after a new prison was bult on
Greetwell Road in 1872?

Name someone who was The Witches of Belvoir or

imprisoned in Lincoln Castle in William Chaldwell
the 17th Century.

In what year did the prisoner 1775

reformer John Howard visit the
prison?

Name the reverend who conducted Reverend Richter

daily chapel services in the Victorian
Prison for the prisoners whilst in
isolated booths for 35 years.

How many male and female inmates 42 - 12 female and 32 male

was the Victorian prison designed to
hold? This made it hard to implement
the separate system.

In what year was the 1779

Penitentiary Act passed?
What legislation was passed in 1869 Debtor’s Act
that severely impacted upon the
population of Lincoln’s Victorian
Prison causing it to drop in the
1870s?

Who took full control of all Home Secretary

prisons after the 1877 Prison’s
Act?