C Programming

‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪www.boosla.com‬‬
‫ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬
‫• ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺇﻨﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻱ ﻷﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺅﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﻭﺒﻜل ﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺭﺠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻌﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻤﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻬﻡ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ )‬
‫‪ (compiler‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻟﻙ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺼل‬
‫)‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎﻟ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻋ ﻠﻰ‬
‫‪ftp://ftp.digitalmars.com/Digital_Mars_C++/Patch/dm8‬‬
‫‪ (29c.zip‬ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻫﻭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﺯﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻙ ﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺹ )‪ (c‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻙ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ (dm‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺼﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺏ ﺃﺩﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺏ )‪ (bin‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬
‫)‪ (PATH=c:\dm\bin‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ )‪ (sc.ini‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‪ .‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻜﺘﺏ ﻜﻭﺩ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺎﺴﺒﻙ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻜﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ )‪ (filename.c‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻫﻭ )‪ (.c‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.com‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺸﻐل ﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫‪C:\>cd dm‬‬
‫‪C:\dm>cd bin‬‬
‫‪C:\dm\bin>sc hello.c‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‪.‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ )‪ (sc hello.c‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺃﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﻭ )‪.(hello.c‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬
‫)‪ (bin‬ﻅﻬﺭ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﻡ )‪ (hello‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺤﻔﻅﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺸﻐل ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺤﺙ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻤﺜل ‪:‬‬
‫‪C:\dm\bin>hello‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻙ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ .‬ﻤﻊ ﺇﻨﻲ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺒﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺒﻭﺭﻻﻨﺩ‬
‫) ‪ (Borland C++ 5.5‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻟﻜﺒﺭ ﺤﺠﻤﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻭﻨﻜﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻔﺴﺭ‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭ ﻓﺴﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺇﻥ ﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺒﻴﻥ ﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴل )‪ (*.nix‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺃﻱ ﻤﻔﺴﺭ‪.‬ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻼ )‪ (vi‬ﺃﻭ )‬‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻨﻭﻜﺱ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪(pico‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻔﻀل‪ .‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪[one@localhost one]$ gcc –o filename filename.c‬‬
‫‪[one@localhost one]$ ./filename‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ )‪ (gcc‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﻤﺕ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﺨﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻥ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﺴﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺃﺼﻼﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺃﻭل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﻤﺜل ﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫>‪#include <stdio.h‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫;)”‪printf(“Welcome To The World Of C‬‬
‫;‪return 0‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻬل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻊ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ‪.‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻫﻭ )‪.(Welcome To World Of C‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻙ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (#include <stdio.h>) .١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺴﺔ ) ‪header‬‬
‫‪ . (file‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ )‪ (stdio.h‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )‬
‫‪ (include‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺩﻭﺍل ﻟﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﺕ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺌﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﻭﻴﺱ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫• )‪ :(math.h‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• )‪:(time.h‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‪.‬‬
‫• )‪ :(string.h‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻓﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫• )‪ :(stdio.h‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(main ()) .٢‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻬﻡ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ){( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻏﻼﻕ )}( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(printf(“Welcome To The World Of C”);) .٤‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ )‪ (printf‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭ )‪ . (stdio.h‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺹ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺘﺏ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :(return 0;) .٥‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫)‪ (main‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺃﻱ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻙ ﻻ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ))(‪ (printf‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭ )‪ (stdio.h‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ))( ‪ (main‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻜل ﺴﻁﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ ﻭﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺠﺴﻡ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺘﻴﻥ )} {(‪.‬‬
‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‪ (\n‬ﻟﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻁﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫‪printf(“welcome to the world of c\nI hope you enjoy‬‬
‫;)”‪with it. \n‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪Welcome to the world Of c‬‬
‫‪I hope you enjoy with it.‬‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻁﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‪ . (\n‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺴﻁﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺜل )‪ (\n\n\n‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺨﻁﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﻤﺜل ‪:‬‬
‫;)”‪Printf(“welcome to the world of c \n‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﻤﺜل‬
‫;)“ ‪Printf(“\n welcome to the world of c‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻭﺏ )‪) (escape sequences‬ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺃﻋﺭﻑ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺤﺭﻓﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻁﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪\n‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺠﺭﺱ ﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ )‪(beeb alert‬‬ ‫‪\a‬‬
‫ﺤﺎﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﺒﺩل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻟﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫‪\b‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻤل )‪ (backspace‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ل )‪(form feed‬‬ ‫‪\f‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺎﻫﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺹ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ل ) ‪carriage‬‬ ‫‪\r‬‬
‫‪ (return‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻭل ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ل)‪(Horizontal Tab‬‬ ‫‪\t‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﻀﻐﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍل)‪ (tab‬ﻓﻲ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‪ .‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍل)‪ (tab‬ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺨﻤﺱ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﺨﻤﺱ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬
‫‪.‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‘(‬ ‫‘\‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﻫﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺌﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ )“(‪.‬‬ ‫“\‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ )?(‪.‬‬ ‫?\‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ )\(‪.‬‬ ‫\\‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪\ddd‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ)‪. (0-8‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪\xdd‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺩﺍﺴﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫>‪#include<stdio.h‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬

‫;)”‪printf(“\a\x41\n\t\101\a‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﺘﺴﻤﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻨﻐﻤﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﺫﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ ‪.‬ﻭﻟﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺃﺭﺠﻊ ﻟﻠﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ )‪ (A‬ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺩﺍﺴﻲ ﻋﺸﺭﻱ ﻫﻭ‬
‫)‪ (41‬ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎ )‪ ،(\x41‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ِ)‪ (A‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ )‪101‬‬
‫(‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺴﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺨﺎﺼﹰﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﻴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺒﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻤﺎﻫﻭ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻓﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻭل‪//‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪//‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل *‪/‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫‪*/‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﻭﺭ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )*‪ (/‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻴﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ )‪ (*/‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺱ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫‪/*this program will print into screen in the first line‬‬

welcome dear
and will print in the second line will print
I hope you are fine with the c language. */
Printf(“welcome dear \n”);
Printf(“I hope you are fine with the c language. \n”);
Return 0;
}
:‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻁﺒﻊ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
Welcome dear
I hope you are fine with the c language.
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‬
.‫ﻻ ﺘﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺔ‬
(The-oNe) ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ‬

:‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺘﻜﻡ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
The-one@pharaonics.net
OR
The_o0ne@hotmail.com
OR
The_o0one@yahoo.com
PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory trial version http://www.fineprint.com

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‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺇﻨﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻱ ﻷﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺅﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﻭﺒﻜل ﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺭﺠﻰ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻌﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺸﺨﺹ ﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﺄﺤﺒﺒﺕ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺩﺍﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍل ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )‪:(printf‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﺓ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜل ﻟﻐﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‪.‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﻭﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻻ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )‪:(scanf‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻷﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int a,b,c‬‬

‫;)”‪printf(“enter tow number :=> \n‬‬
‫;)‪scanf(“%d \n”,&a‬‬
‫;)‪scanf(“%d \n”,&b‬‬
‫;‪c=a+b‬‬
‫;)‪printf(“%d”,c‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﺨﺫ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻁﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺸﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﻗﻭﻡ ﺒﺸﺭﺤﻪ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺸﺭﺤﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻔﻬﻡ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )‪(scanf‬‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ );)‪ (scanf(“%d”,&a‬ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‪ (%d‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻨﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ )‪ (integer‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‪ (&a‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ )‬
‫‪ (scanf‬ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )&(‬
‫ﻤﺘﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺘﺭﻤﺯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻜﺭ )&( ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺨﻁﺄ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺨﺫﻨﺎ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ )‪ (scanf‬ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺃﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺴﻨﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫;)‪Scanf(“%d %d “, &a,&b‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻋﺩﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‪ (%f‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺤﺭﻓﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‬
‫‪ (%c‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )‪.(if‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪If (expression‬‬
‫;‪Statement‬‬

‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‪ (expression‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻤﺎ )‪(statement‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﻌﺩ )‪ (statement‬ﻭﻻﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ )‪ (if‬ﺃﻱ ﻓﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int a‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter a number greater than 10:\n‬‬
‫ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ)&( ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ *‪scanf("%d",&a); /‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻫل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ *‪if (a <10) /‬‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ‪ ١٠‬ﺴﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫‪*/‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫;)"‪printf("the number you entered is not greater than 10\n‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯﺓ )‪ (scanf‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ )‪.(a‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﻟﻜﻥ ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻟﻭ ﺃﺩﺨل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ )‪(10‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﺩﻡ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﻫل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‪ .‬ﻟﻭ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (5‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻗل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (10‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (if‬ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (5<10‬ﻫل ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (5‬ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (10‬ﻭﺒﺎﻟﻁﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺼﺢ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪(the number you entered is not greater than 10‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻟﻴﺱ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﻟﻥ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻟﻡ ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻴﻔﻌل ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪.(10‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻟﻭ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀﹰﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺃﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﻀﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‬
‫;)"‪ (printf("welcome in my pro‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺃﻋﺩ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺭﻑ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪statement1‬‬
‫‪………………..‬‬
‫‪………………..‬‬
‫;‪statement n‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺘﻴﻥ )} {(‪ .‬ﺤﺎﻭل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪:(if ---- else‬‬

‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻓﻌل ﻜﺫﺍ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻋﻤل ﻜﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫;‪Statement1‬‬
‫‪Else‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫{( ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺘﻴﻥ )}‬
‫ﺠﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻨﻌﺩل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (10‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ )‪ (10‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪.(10‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‪:‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int a‬‬

‫ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ)&( ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ *‪scanf("%d",&a); /‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻫل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ *‪if (a <10) /‬‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ‪ ١٠‬ﺴﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫‪*/‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫;)"‪printf("the number you entered is not greater than 10\n‬‬
‫‪else‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("the number you entered is greater than 10\n‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪.(if‬‬ ‫‪elseif‬‬ ‫‪elseif‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ) ‪else‬‬

‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Else‬‬
‫)‪if (expression‬‬
‫‪Else‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻫل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻟﻸﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int a‬‬
‫;)‪scanf("%d",&a‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﻥ ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ *‪if ( a>=0 && a<=10) /‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ (&&)*/‬ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫;)"‪printf("the number you entered is between 0 and 10:\n‬‬
‫‪else‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ *‪if (a>10 && a<=20) /‬‬
‫ﺘﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻤﻠﻌﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ (&&)*/‬ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫‪printf("the number you entered is between 11 and‬‬
‫;)"‪20:\n‬‬
‫‪else printf("the number you entered is greater than‬‬
‫;)"‪21.\n‬‬
‫}‬
‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪:(switch‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﹰﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺠﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻭ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Switch (expression‬‬
‫{‬
‫‪case constant 1:‬‬
‫‪statements‬‬
‫;‪break‬‬
‫‪case constant2:‬‬
‫;‪break‬‬
‫‪case constant n:‬‬
‫;‪break‬‬
‫‪default:‬‬
‫;‪statement‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻠﻭﻫﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﻬل ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺏ )‪ (case constant‬ﺃﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺨل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻪ )‪(statement‬‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (break‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ )‪ (default:‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻔﺤﺹ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺴﻨﺼﻨﻊ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪.‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)( ‪main‬‬
‫{‬
‫ﺤﺠﺯﻨﺎ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ *‪int num1,num2,result;/‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺯﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ *‪char ch; /‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ )‪ (+‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺤﺭﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪*/‬ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ */‬ﺍﺨﺘﺭ )‪ (+‬ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ*‪printf("enter + to add numbers:\n");/‬‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺭ )‪ (-‬ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ *‪printf("enter - to subtract numbers:\n");/‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺡ‬
‫‪*/‬ﻟﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ*‪scanf("%c",&ch); /‬‬
‫)‪switch (ch‬‬
‫{‬
‫‪case '+':‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter the first number:\n‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل*‪scanf("%d",&num1);/‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter the second number:\n‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ*‪scanf("%d",&num2);/‬‬
‫;‪result=num1+num2‬‬
‫;)‪printf("result=%d +%d = %d",num1,num2,result‬‬
‫;‪break‬‬
‫‪case '-':‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter the first number:\n‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل*‪scanf("%d",&num1);/‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter the second number:\n‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ*‪scanf("%d",&num2);/‬‬
‫;‪result=num1-num2‬‬
‫;)‪printf("result=%d -%d = %d",num1,num2,result‬‬

‫;‪break‬‬
‫‪default:‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("unknown option:\n‬‬
‫;‪break‬‬
‫}‬
‫}‬
‫ﻟﻭ ﺤﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺃﻱ ﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ )‪ (+‬ﻭ )‪ (-‬ﻓﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‬
‫‪ (unknown option‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺘﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺭﻑ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ )‪(The-oNe‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺘﻜﻡ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪The-one@pharaonics.net‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫‪The_o0ne@hotmail.com‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫‪The_o0one@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺜﻘﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺏ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺨﻭﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺠﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺇﻨﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻱ ﻷﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺅﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﻭﺒﻜل ﺴﻌﺔ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻴﺭﺠﻰ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻲ ﺃﺭﺤﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻌﻲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺸﺨﺹ ﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻭﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪:(for‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺏ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻴل ﻫﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‬
‫‪ .(for‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻭ‪:‬‬
‫)‪For (expression1 ;expression2 ;expression3‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ )‪ (expression1‬ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ )‪ (expression2‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺃﻱ ﻫل ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻜﻤﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﻰ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ )‪ (expression3‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻜل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺒﻔﺎﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ );( ‪ .‬ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺏ )‪ (statement‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ‬

‫{‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺘﻴﻥ )‬
‫}(‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (for‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (for‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺏ )‬
‫‪ (expression1‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﺴﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺼل ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (expression‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻫل ﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﻭ ﺨﻁﺄ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍل )‪ (statement‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ‬
‫)‪ (expression3‬ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍل )‪ (statement‬ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (expression3‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺹ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ )‪ (expression3‬ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (expression2‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻨﻔﺫﺕ‬
‫ﺍل)‪ (statement‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪.(for‬‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺸﺭ )‪ (hello world‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ *‪main () /‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int a‬‬
‫)‪for (a=1 ; a<=10 ;a++‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("hello world\n‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (hello world‬ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ‪ .‬ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻻﺤﻅ ﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ*‪main () /‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int num1,num2,count‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter start point:\n‬‬

‫;)‪scanf("%d",&num1‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("enter the end point:\n‬‬
‫)‪for (count=num1 ;count<=num2 ;count++‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ )>=( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫل ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ *‪/‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‬

‫;)‪printf("%d\n",count‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺴﺭﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻟﻭ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻨﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫{‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ *‪if (num2> num1) /‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫‪ (else) */‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫{‬

‫}‬

‫‪else‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("sorry i can`t do this loop‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪:(while‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ )‪ (for‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪ (for‬ﻻ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻌﺭﻑ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (while‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﻔﺤﺹ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪While (expression‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (while‬ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ )‪ (statement‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ )‪ (statement‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )} {( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻠﻴل ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ *‪#include<stdlib.h>/‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ))‪(exit(0‬‬
‫‪ */‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬

‫{‬
‫;‪char ch‬‬
‫;)"‪printf("press any key to continue or press q to quit\n‬‬
‫;)‪scanf("%c",&ch‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﻫل ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺘﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ *‪while (ch !='q') /‬‬

‫‪ */‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ )‪(q‬‬
‫{‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫‪ (else) */‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫{‬

‫}‬
‫‪else‬‬
‫}‬
‫‪*/‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ *‪exit (0);/‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻟﻭ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ )‪ (q‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺨﺭﺠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺴﺄﻟﻙ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻜل ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻀﻐﻁﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻑ )‪ (q‬ﺴﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺭ ﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻨﻙ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (ctrl+c‬ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﻨﺎ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻋﻤل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺴﻨﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻨﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪:(do -----> while‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪ (while‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‬

‫‪ (while‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺃﺒﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺤﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪ (do -----> while‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Do‬‬
‫;)‪While (expression‬‬
‫ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Do‬‬
‫{‬
‫}‬
‫;)‪while (expression‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻁﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ))‪while(expression‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫(‪.‬ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ )‪ (statement‬ﺜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻭﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺠﻤل ﺍﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﺎﻁﺌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻤل ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺓ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻜﺘﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺤﺼل ﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ )‪ .(while‬ﻻﺤﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻑ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ *‪#include<stdlib.h>/‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ))‪(exit(0‬‬
‫‪ */‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫{‬
‫;‪char ch‬‬
‫‪do‬‬
‫{‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫‪ (else) */‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫{‬
‫*‪for (count=num1 ;count<=num2 ;count++)/‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ )>=( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫل‬
‫‪*/‬ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‬

‫}‬
‫‪else‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﻫل ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺘﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ *‪while (ch !='q'); /‬‬
‫‪ */‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ )‪(q‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ *‪exit (0); /‬‬
‫}‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪. (do -----> while‬‬
‫• ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪:(break‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻭ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (break)*/‬ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ*‪main () /‬‬
‫{‬
‫;‪int num1‬‬
‫)‪for (num1=0 ;num1<=20 ;num1++‬‬
‫{‬
‫;)‪printf("%d\n",num1‬‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﻋﻤل *‪if (num1==10) /‬‬
‫‪*/‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫;‪break‬‬
‫}‬
‫}‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﺕ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﺴﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (0‬ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (20‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (break‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ )‪ (1-10‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻷﻨﻪ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ )‪.(10‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ )‪ (continue‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (goto‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻘﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪ (continue‬ﻓﺈﻨﻲ ﻟﻡ ﺃﺠﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﺩﻱ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫)‪ (goto‬ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻻﻴﻨﺼﺤﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻷﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﻴﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻜل ﺠﺯﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴﻜﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻀل ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﺒﺄﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ )‪(The-oNe‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺘﻜﻡ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺌﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪The-one@pharaonics.net‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫‪The_o0ne@hotmail.com‬‬
‫‪OR‬‬
‫‪The_o0one@yahoo.com‬‬

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‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫• ﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪:‬‬

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‫• ﺃﻭل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ )‪ (\n‬ﻟﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻁﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪:‬‬

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(The-oNe) ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ‬

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\½•e_•·e^ -/ *>:O / Y > "8

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‫‪*/‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

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‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪:(if ---- else‬‬

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‫‪*/‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫‪.(if‬‬ ‫‪elseif‬‬ ‫‪elseif‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﺠﻤل ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ) ‪else‬‬

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‫• ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ )‪:(switch‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ )‪(The-oNe‬‬

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‫‪*/‬ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‬

‫‪*/‬ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‬

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‫• ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪:(while‬‬

‫‪ */‬ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬

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‫‪*/‬ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‬

‫• ﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ )‪:(do -----> while‬‬

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‫‪ (else) */‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫‪*/‬ﻭﺼل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻟﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻻ‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻭﺍ ﺨﺎﻟﺹ ﺘﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﻭﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺏ )‪(The-oNe‬‬

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