@phdnoseua

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 @phdnoseua

CONTEÚDO
Speaking Section..................................................................... 4

Writing Section...................................................................... 9

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Para te guiar na preparação de respostas (speaking)

e criação de parágrafos (writing) preparamos algumas
expressões iniciais para construções de frases.

Speaking Section
Explaining Why
• That’s because…
• The reason I say that is that…
• After all, …

Listing
• First of all,…
• …, for one
• First,… Second,…
• Also,…
• Besides that,…
• What’s more,…
• More importantly,…
• But what’s more important is that…
• There’s also the fact that…

Giving Examples
• For example,…

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• Take, for example, [noun].

• For instance,…
• If…., say,…
Contrasting
• But on the other hand,…
• Meanwhile,…
• In contrast,
• …, however,…
• But at the same time…
• Whereas…, …

Comparing
• Both [xxxx] and [xxxx] are…
• In both cases…
• Similarly, …
• In the same way, …
• That’s also true of…
• Returning to a previous idea
• Anyway,…
• But still,…

Clarifying

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• What I mean to say is that…

• I guess I’m trying to say that…
• To put it another way,…
• That is,…
• I mean,…

Summarizing
• So basically,…
• Essentially,…
• In general,…
• My main point is that…

Choosing one from two

• Personally, I prefer [playing team sports]…
• I’d rather [play a team sport]…
• If I had to choose between [team sports and
exercising alone], I’d…
• If you ask me, [team sports] are better becau-
se…
• Between [team sports] and [exercising alone],
I’d rather…

Naming the source

• According to [the announcement/student/

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professor]…
• The [text/student/professor] says that…
• The [text/student/professor] states that… ( for
reporting facts, not opinions)
• In the text, we saw that…
• In the [lecture/conversation], we heard that..
• From the [reading/lecture], we know that…
( for a definite fact)
• As the [text/student/professor] says, …

Showing disagreement
• While [the text says…], [the student thinks…]
• Although [the text says…], [the student
thinks…]

Reporting an opinion
• The [man] agrees/disagrees that…
• In the [student’s] eyes/opinion...
• [She] believes that…
• The [man] is of the opinion that…
• The [student] claims…
• [He/she] points out that..

Describing an overview

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• [The reading/text/passage] introduces the

[concept of…/theory of…]
• [The reading/text/passage] defines the term
[“xxxxx”] as…
• [The reading/text/passage] gives an overview
of…
• We get a brief explanation of what [“xxxxx”]
means from the text. It is…
• In the [reading/text/passage], we get general
definition of…

Reporting examples
• The professor explains this [with the example
of…/by describing…]
• The professor illustrates [that point/the idea]
[with the example of…/by describing…]
• [He/she] elucidates [the concept/the idea]
[with the example of…/by describing…]
• [He/she] elaborates with some more specific
examples, such as…
• According to the [lecture/professor], one ins-
tance of this is…

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Writing Section
Frases para a parte do “Integrated Essay”

Naming the source

• According to [the text/professor]…
• The [text/professor] says that…
• The [text/professor] states that…
• In the [lecture], it was said that…

Listing
• …, for one.
• First,… Second,…
• The first point that the professor makes is… ,
The second point [he/she] addresses is…
• Besides that,…
• Moreover,…
• What’s more,…
• Next,…
• There’s also the fact that…
• Furthermore,…
• Additionally,…
• Finally,…

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Giving examples
• For example,…
• For instance,…
• [The professor] provides the example of
[noun]…
• [The professor] elaborates on this by ex-
plaining…

Reporting the professor’s opinion

• [The professor] believes that…
[The professor] disagrees with the text in that…
• [He/she] points out that…
• [He/she] refutes [this point] by noting that…
• [He/she] contradicts [this point] by saying
that…
• [He/she] explains that…

Showing a contrast
• On the other hand,…
• Meanwhile,…
• In contrast to [the lecture/the reading]…
• However,…

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Clarifying
• That is,…
• In other words,…

Frases para a parte do “Integrated Essay”

Expressing your opinion

• I am of the opinion that…
• I believe that…
• The statement in question is [true/false/sensi-
ble/problematic] because…
• I [agree/disagree] with the provided state-
ment because…

Giving Examples
• For example,…
• Take, for example, [noun].
• For instance,…
• If…., say,…
• …, such as…

Introducing a reason
• This is primarily because…
• The reason for this is that…

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• After all,…

Moving on to another reason

• What’s more,…
• Moreover,…
• Additionally,…
• There is also the fact that…

Adding emphasis
• In fact,…
• Of course,…
• Indeed,…
• Clearly,…

Making a statement based on a reason

• Because of that,…
• As a result,…
• For this reason,…
• Due to that fact,…
• As such,…

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Showing a contrast
• On the other hand,…
• Meanwhile,…
• However,…
• In contrast,…

Clarifying
• That is,…
• In other words,…

Concluding
• Essentially, …
• To put it briefly, …
• In all, …
• As mentioned,…

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