3 - Bottom Hole Assembly - Pdsi

BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY
BHA
pdsi.pertamina.com
BHA
BASIC ORIGINAL COMPONENT
BIT
DEFLECTION TOOL
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DD EQUIPMENT HISTORY
Well Directional Information Data

Acquisition revolution method when
MWD was invented in 1980s.
Down-hole information was
transmitted to the surface
(MODULATION)
Courtesy: IADC Drilling Manual Copyright © 2015 using mud-pulse.
LWD, With advancement of IT information most of formation data acquisitions can
also been sent (multiplexing, modulation-demodulation) to the surface real time.
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Drill String & Basic Bottom Hole Assembly
Stabs are used to assist controlling hole
Drill Pipe - DP deviation
Improve hole quality, rate of penetration and
prevent many undesirable drilling issues
stuck pipe, hole spiraling and harmful vibration
Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe (HWDP) is a

thick-walled pipe Jar & Accelerator assist to
looks just like the DP but weighs free stuck drill strings,
or to recover stuck components
a lot more.
Drill Collars (DC’s) – size 3”1/8 to 11” DD TOOL

• Used at the bottom of a BHA to provide MWD -LWD
weight on bit and rigidity
• The DC’s also ensures that the DP is kept in
tension to prevent buckling.
1_BHA 1EXplanation 4 21
PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Cutter) bits
shear /drag the rock as they cut
SONIC
CUTTING
DRILLING
PLASMA DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
LASER CUTTING Rock bit
TECHNOLOGY fracturing or crushing the formation
with "tooth"-shaped cutting element
Hybrid Bit
BIT TYPE
BIT CUTTING ACTION
PLASMA DEEP DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
Objective:
to substitute conventional, contact-based rotary systems.
Plasma deep drilling, water jet, hydrothermal spallation or laser
Drilling using Being (currently) developed high-energetic
electrical plasma electrical plasma in deep drilling applications.
Addressing many issues related to drilling in
• water environment, or
• production of boreholes
with a wide range of diameters.
Advantages of Plasma deep drilling technology

 Higher drilling energy efficiency
 Continuous drilling process without replacement
parts
 Constant casing diameter
 Effective transport of disintegrated rock
SLOVAKIA-BASED GA DRILLING
During coffee break:
Kymera Hybrid Drill Bit Technology
PDC Manufacture Process
Drill String Component – Drill Pipe (DP)
API RP7G API Drill Pipe Grade: D,E, X,G and S
Designation Yield Strength ( psi) Tensile
Strength
Letter Alternate Minimum Maximum
(psi)
D D-55 OBSELETE
E E-75 75,000 105,000 100,000
X X-95 95,000 125,000 105,000
G G-105 105,000 135,000 115,000
S S-135 135,000 165,000 145,000
Tool joint 120,000 165,000 140,000
Classification API Guidelines
New No wear, has never been used.

Premium Uniform wear and a minimum wall thickness of 80% of new pipe.
Drill pipe with a minimum wall thickness of 65% with all the wear on one side so
Class 2
long as the cross sectional area is the same as the premium class.
Drill pipe with a minimum wall thickness of 55% with all the wear on one side
Class 3
API SYSTEM FOR DP
TOOL JOINT
Three ranges of DP length; range 2 (10 m ~ 30 ft) is most common
available.
To constitute a long drill string the DPs are connected on its a tool joint
(Pin x Box) at each end.
DP torsional strength ratio is 0.8: tool joint torsional strength = 80%
tube torsional strength.
Make Up Torque:
 determined by pin ID or box OD
 60% of the tool joint torsional strength
Pipe Wall Thickness
• SCH = Schedule (term used to describe thickness of pipe)
• Schedule Number = 1000 x
Where: P = Internal working pressure, psi
S = Allowable stress for the material at condition of
use, psi
API SYSTEM FOR DP CLASSIFICATION
API SYSTEM FOR DP CLASSIFICATION
BHA COMPONENT
DRILL COLLAR SELECTION
Main Components Using bit making hole by conveying provided energy by rig.
One of drill-string functions:
Exerts weight on the bit; the compressive force necessary to break
the rock. Weight should come from BHA
main (direct) weight from DC (most bottom BHA Part)
Drill-Collars & Hole Sizes ENSURING NEUTRAL POINT IN BHA

Hole Recommended NOT MOVE TO DP  RISK OF DP BUCKLING
Size DC Size weight on bit shall be below BHA buoyed weight
1
36'' 9" /2 8''
26'' 1
8''
Range of Req’d WOB shall be available on Bit Specs
9" /2
1
17" /2
1
9" /2 8'' Defining DC Length:
16'' 1
9" /2 8'' Buoyancy Factor = BF = 1 - (MW/65.5)
1 MW in ppg & 65.5 is steel Specific Gravity
8''
BHA
12" /4
1
8" /2
1
6" /4 Safety Factor = 0.85
3
DC 6'' 4" /4
MWD/LWD DC Length = WOB / (0.85 x BF x WDC)
MOTOR/RSS WDC = weight in air lbs/ft
Bit
DIRECTIONAL WELL
DC Length vertical / cos Well Inclination
Drill Collar
• https://www.dpmaster.com.sg/products_uri/drill-
collar-bha/
Unit Pipe Weight by Dimension Chart
• Outer Diameter:
6 5/8 inch (168.3
mm)
• Pipe Wall
Thickness:
0.28 inch (7.11 mm)
• Schedule: 40
Drill Collar
SQUARE DRILL COLLARS

Hardly be seen anymore,
was used for stiffness
API DRILL COLLAR DESIGN FACTORS
BHA COMPONENT
STANDARD HWDP Integral Centre Wear Pad
HWDP - STABILIZER
HWDP is used to provide part
SPIRAL Extra Tool Joint (all weight on bit) in directional
and horizontal wells, drilling
STABILIZER Used in BHA to control

hole deviation, dogleg severity, and
help prevent differential sticking
Rotating stab: integral blade, sleeve and welded.
Non-rotating stab: (rubber) sleeve and mandrel.

STANDARD BHA CONFIGURATIONS
Pendulum assembly
Holding/Lock-up assembly
Rotary build assembly Mud Motor assembly
Rotary Steerable assembly
JAR
Principal
Basically a sliding mandrel that allows a
brief and sudden axial acceleration of
the drill string above the jar
Objective
Supplying Powerful upward or
downward blows to the stuck drill-string
Type
Mechanical
Hydraulic
Hydromechanical.
https://pet-oil.blogspot.com/2012/03/lecture-6-drilling-jars.html
BHA COMPONENT
DRILLING JARS
Supplying Powerful upward or downward blows to the stuck drill-string
Mechanical jars SELECTION, POSITIONING DRILLING JARS
have a preset load to trip jar  Refer to manufacturers operating procedures and
Hydraulic jars recommendations
use a hydraulic fluid to control the jar firing until  Hydraulic jar is preferable than mechanical jar
appropriate load applied to give a high impact.  Mechanical jars run in tension, hydraulic (can be)
compression/tension
 Jarring Action
 impact force to break the sticking binding force
 impulse act distance to move the sticking pipe
 Both forces are influenced by the weight above
the jar
Impact  smaller  higher impact force
end of piston stroke  larger  greater impulse force
 Neutral Point shall be far enough from jar
Fire
 Weight above the jar
Piston enters wide bore
accelerates  Mech should be sufficient to allow cocking of the jar
Pull Tension  Hyd equal to or exceed the maximum anticipated down
oil enters past piston jar force
 Well Inclination
BHA considerations for jar placement
• Run jar above possible stuck points, but as low as
possible
• No stabs above jars
• Stay away from the neutral points
• Jar continuously cycling between compression &
tension  fatigue
• Fire unexpectedly
• Choose jar size / hole size, i.e. no 8" tools in 26" hole
Jar Placement for horizontal well
Reasons for Jarring Failure
Mechanical Jar Hydraulic Jar
• Jar not cocked • Jar not cocked
• Stuck above jar • Not waiting long enough
• Pick up or slack off weight • Stuck above jar
incorrect • Jar failure
• Unknown/incorrect trip • Pick up or slack off weight
load setting incorrect
• Excessive hole drag • Excessive hole drag
• Right-hand torque trapped
in torque sensitive jar
PDSI JAR
PLACEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
• Anticipated type of sticking; differential or mechanical
• Hole condition, trajectory, and inclination
• Configuration of bottom hole assembly
• Wall drag
• Pump pressure
• Buoyancy factor of drilling fluid
• Planned range of weight on bit
• Over-pull available
• Safe working strength of the drill pipe
• Latch setting on the jar
LOCATION OF THE JAR
• Differential sticking is anticipated relatively high in the BHA
• Mechanical sticking is more common lower in the BHA to increase jarring efficiency
• Can either be under tension or compression but not at the transition point
• Axial forces acting on the National Oilwell Varco Jar while drilling <50%
• As close as possible above the anticipated stuck point,
but at least two drill collar lengths above the top stabilizer
PDSI JAR
LOCATION OF THE JAR
Sufficient number of DC & DP above the jar, to provide the necessary mass to jar down
To avoid becoming stuck above the jar, the drill string above must not exceed the jar diameter
Do NOT locate the jar at a crossover between BHA components of different diameters
2 DC should be placed between the jar and top stabilizer to:
• Minimize bending stresses in jar
• Minimize the risk of becoming stuck above the jar in sloughing formations
• Provide a clear target for a string shot if requiredto be set when making BHA
Jarring Operation
Latch release force set when make up BHA Mud Circulating Force
down release force is 45% of the up release setting reduces the force required to jar up, and
(may be varied 35% to 75%)
increases the force required to jar down
Wall Drag Refer to Jar Specs
Occur especially in deviated well
Determined from weight indicator readings/record Example:
during tripping before stuck 6.50" Jar with 1, 000 psi Bit Pressure Drop
Jar ID area = 9.6 in2
Free String Weight Mud force in the jar = 9.6 x 1000 = 9600 lbs
weight of string above the jar =
total string weight - weight below jar
JARRING OPERATION
Jarring Up Jarring Down
Maximum recommended rotating hours

between servicing
BHA
KICK OFF & DEFLECTION TOOL
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WELL KICK OFF HISTORY
1958,
First down-hole drilling mud motors
were designed and manufactured by Dyna-Drill
Based on positive cavity pump principle
invented French inventor René Moineau (1930).
1980s Steerable mud motor in combine with

MWD
In 1990s:
Adjustable Stab & RSS Development
Directional Drilling BHA’s
The BHA is the active part of the Drill String Main Components
BHA’s have different functions:

- Inclination control
- Azimuth control
- Permit performance drilling (applying WOB)
- Permit wellbore surveying
BHA’s may also feature some equipment providing
additional functions such as:
- Drilling Jars
- Shock Absorbers
Drilling BHA’s vary considerably DC
MWD/LWD
depending on required functionalities and well type MOTOR/RSS
Bit
Only the elements included in the first 40 to 50m behind the drilling bit
pdsi.pertamina.com have an effect on the directional behavior. @pdsi.pertamina
Different phases shall be distinguished
during execution of a directional well.
Drilling BHA’s are therefore classified per distinctive phase.
Objective Generic Phase Generic BHA
1 – Build inclination toward plan Kick Off interval Kick Off
direction
2 – Continue building inclination Build Up section Build
3 – Maintain inclination Slant or tangential section Packed Hole
4 - Drop inclination Drop Off Drop
5 – Change well azimuth Turn, Build &Turn, Drop & Turn Steerable
Azimuth control is a constant need while drilling.

An efficient azimuth control can only be obtained when using a
Steerable Motor assembly or a Rotary Steerable assembly.
If no steerable system available, kick off shall be directed by taking

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account total estimated walk reaching well TD using Rotary BHA. @pdsi.pertamina
Drilling - Deflection Devices
Build inclination toward plan direction Kick Off interval Kick Off
KICKING OFF a well or making controlled well trajectory change:

is deflecting the bit/BHA off the current well trajectory.
A deflection tool or method must be used to force the bit departs to the desired direction
To cause departure of the bit:

the deflection methods depend on manipulating the drill pipe
(rotation and downward motion)
After Deflection/Kick-off achieved,

rest of the well is drilled with rotary stabilized BHA
Whipstock
1934, H. John Eastman, used whipstocks and surveying instruments,
drill a directional relief well close enough, killing the blowout on the first attempt
• Used in medium to hard formations
• Bit, NB Stab. pinned to whipstock and conveyed to bottom
• Tool Face oriented
• Whip is wedged on bottom and pin sheared
• Undersized pilot hole is drilled
• Only one joint drilled before POOH the BHA
• Pilot hole opened up and process repeated
Advantages
Angle and orientation is “built-in” for correct kick-off where
there is no angle.
Start early in deviating the S/T hole
Disadvantages
Modern Days Possible slipping of the whipstock when getting rough with the pipe in adverse conditions.
Whipstock still This will allow a small lip at the base of the whipstock resulting in difficulty on trips.
extensively used to More hardware in the hole.
deviate from cased Multi trips to set/retrieve.
hole part
Modern Days Whipstock
Extensively used to deviate from well cased hole part
Jetting
Used in soft formations
One large bit nozzle oriented to the desired direction
BHA:
Bit - Near-bit Stabilizer – UBHO -NMDC w/MWD – Stabilizer- Drill Collar
Steps:
• RIH BHA, orientate open jet to plan intended direction
• Wash a “pocket” at the intended direction, while reciprocating BHA
• Spud and light rotate, wash, until angle is built
• Continue building with rotary BHA
Azimuth corrections more difficult with > inclination
Economics generally limits the application: Modern Days still
• Long duration
• Depths less than 1200 m (~4000 ft) extensively used in
the crowded area
Pros:
• Simple and cheap. Cons:
• Sometimes the only way to build • Erratic, sometimes severe doglegs
angle in soft formations.
can occur over short sections of
• Survey tool close to bit.
• Control of dogleg by footage jetted. hole/micro dog legs;
• Orientation is fairly easy. May requires hole opener run
• Same assembly can be used to build • It only works in soft formations/at
and rotate. shallow depths.
Mud Motor
1960’s – First commercial (straight) PDM
Reverse principle with Progressing Cavity Pump
More efficient if compared to (jetting, whipstocks)
In late 1920’s in France, aero-plane designer René Moineau searched for a compressor to increase engine
power.
1930 the University of Paris awarded Mr Moineau a doctorate of science for his thesis on “new
capsulism”.
The dissertation that laid the foundations for the progressing cavity pump.
1932, Mr Moineau teamed up with mechanical engineer Robert Bienaimé developed PCM Pump, which
became the first company to produce progressing cavity pumps.
In 1950’s principle Progressive Cavity Pump was reversed to derive

Positive Displacement Motors
Progressive Cavity Pump Principle:
As a steel helical piece rotor turns, within the helical stator (a rubber
molded spiraled section) the cavities progress from one end to the other.
BHA:
Bit – PDM - Bent sub – Float sub – Orienting sub (UBHO) – Non-
magnetic drill collars – Steel drill collars – HWDP – Drill pipe 1980’s
by-pass valve motor stage universal joint bearing stage drive shaft Steerable
Mud Motor
Steerable Mud Motor
ideal use of a steerable motor is to drill a complete
hole section from casing point to casing point
Able to drill
a complete hole section
from casing point to
casing point
PDMs stator and bearings are

rather fragile tools, operating
limitations are limited
The life of a PDM may be drastically decreased if some precautions are not observed
Motor Designs
Bent Sub GEOMERTY
UBHO
Straight motor
Single bent housing
(fixed or adjustable)
DTU motors Dual bent housings
(Double Tilted Unit)
Turbines, Turbo-drills
• Used for improving drilling ROP and for deflection
• High shaft speeds, high pressure requirements
• No elastomers - good downhole life, no temperature limitations
• Not as versatile as the PDM
Followings Drilling BHA’s after kick-off.
2 – Continue building inclination Build Up section Build
3 – Maintain inclination Slant or tangential section Packed Hole
4 - Drop inclination Drop Off Drop
5 – Change well azimuth Turn, Build &Turn, Drop & Turn Steerable
Azimuth control is a constant need while drilling.

An efficient azimuth control can only be obtained when using a Steerable Motor assembly or
a Rotary Steerable assembly.
If no steerable system available, kick off shall be directed by taking account total estimated
walk reaching well TD using Rotary BHA.
Rotary Directional Drilling BHA’s
The fundamental principle Rotary Stabilized BHA is to create and control lateral force at the drill bit.
Each BHA component is subjected to

the earth gravitational forces.
Controlling the component contact

points allows control the lateral force.
Resulting control of the well

inclination
Usage is very limited
these days.
Direction Control is
BHA component behavior:
almost impossible
•Stiffness: OD – ID – Length
•Stabilizers add BHA contact to the well bore: distance – diameter
•Drilling Parameters: WOB - RPM
Rotary Directional Drilling BHA’s
Expertise of choosing correct rotary BHA

is diminishing
with the introduction of RSS
Rotary SteerableSystems
• “Bore Hole Quality” Comparison – Motor Steerable versus «Push the Bit» RSS
RSS “Push The Bit”
“Point The Bit”
Rotary Steerable System
PUSH-THE-BIT POINT-THE-BIT DESIGNS
“POINT-THE-BIT”
“PUSH-THE-BIT”
 = 0.3°
AS OF 1921 PROVIDER
PROVIDER TYPE
APS Technology Push
Baker Hughes Continuous Proportional Steering
Enteq Upstream Push
Nabors Drilling Services Hybrid
National Oilwell Varco Push
Sanvean Technologies Push
Schlumberger Hybrid Point-the-bit & Push the-bit
Scientific Drilling International Push the-bit / proportional control
TerraVici Drilling Solutions Point-the-bit
Weatherford Point-the-bit
Rotary Steerable
Side force or push the bit

Tool Pads extend dynamically from a rotating housing
Curvature defined by 3 points of contact
GEOPILOT TOOL
(Point the bit internal deflection)
PUSH THE BIT - PAD
AutoTrak® Steering Unit
Reliability Non-Rotating Sleeve
 Redundant rib design
Steering Ribs &
 Mud Cooled Bearings associated hydraulic
 No Rotating Seals systems
 No Reciprocating Dynamic Seals

Steering Precision
 Closed loop steering control
 Closed loop rib pressure control
 High accuracy near bit inclination
Versatility
 Modular design
 Local Maintenance
PowerDrive - Bias Unit
3 pads driven by hydraulic actuators
Actuators apply lateral force to the bit

while rotating at bit speed
Rotary Steerable Systems
Schlumberger Private
Methods of Steering
 Push-the-bit
– Side force applied to the bit to increase side cutting action
 Point-the-bit
– introduces an offset to the bit trajectory. Analogous to steering with a bent
motor.
56 SLC
Principle of Operation
 Side force or Push-the-Bit tool
 Pads extend dynamically from a rotating
housing
 Compact and Logistically Simple
57 SLC
PowerDrive BHA – Controlling Factors
 Control variables
– Bit characteristics
– Stabilizer gauge
– Flex characteristics
– Hydraulics* (600-800 psi Delta P below tool)
58 SLC
PowerDrive - Bias Unit
 3 pads driven by
hydraulic actuators
 Actuators apply lateral force
to the bit while rotating at
bit speed
59 SLC
The valve mechanism
•The valve controls pad
movement
•Lower half rotates with
collar - fixed to spider
Disk Valve
•Upper half is controlled
Control Shaft by control unit via control
shaft
60 SLC
PowerDrive* Biasing
Synchronous Stationary
Modulated Bias control
valve RIGHT
TURN
BUILD
Stationary control valve
61 SLC
62
Steering the Wellbore

introduction
Sperry Drilling Services
“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

63
Geo-Pilot® Rotary Steerable System
• Allows drilling of smoother wellbore

• Improved ROP as compared to ‘sliding mode’
• The drillstring is maintained in constant rotation
– Improve hole cleaning
– Minimize the chance of differential sticking

64
Inside the GeoPilot
Non-rotating reference housing
Rotating inner shaft
Anti-rotation device
‘pizza cutter’

65
Geo-Pilot® Point the Bit Technology
• Rotating Shaft is
deflected in center
between bearings
with dual eccentric
cams
• Results in bit tilt in

opposite direction
• Deflection ( % )
• Toolface direction

66
Geo-Pilot® Point the Bit Technology

67
Geo-Pilot® Rotary Steerable System

Shaft Deflection by Eccentric Rings
Compact Bias Unit - Drilling

Heart of the Geo-Pilot® Fluid Shaft
control mechanism.
Outer
Inner Eccentric Ring
Two eccentric rings, one
nested inside the other, Eccentric
with the drive shaft Ring Housing
running through the
inner ring, create an Direction of
Supports
offset to bow the drive Toolface
shaft.

68
Deflection mechanism

69
How do you direct it?

70
Orienting the Geo-Pilot®
• GeoPilot is controlled
primarily by sending
downlik command through
GeoSpan skid unit
• Deflection and Toolface

command is downlinked to
the GeoPilot
• The drillstring is in constant
rotation

71
Downlink Command
• Geospan installed at standpipe with venting valve
• Creating pressure drop at the standpipe to send
command to the tool downhole
Sending a pulse downhole instead of uphole

72
Geospan
• Briefly venting off flow
from the flowline by
opening/closing the
valve
• Pressure drop at surface
• Sequence of pulses to
send specific commands

73
Donwlink Commands
• PWD detects the pulses
downhole from the internal
pressure sensor
• Pulses decoded into
commands
• Various commands
– GeoPilot commands
– Survey
– Reset M/LWD Tool
– GeoTap commands
– others
PWD

AutoTrak
74
AutoTrak RCLS – Overview
More than a Rotary Steerable System:
• Automated Rotary Closed Loop Steering (RCLS):

• The most precise directional drilling technology available
• Integrated state-of-the-art Formation Evaluation Systems:

• The most precise steering - to and through the reservoir
75
AutoTrak G3 Rotary Closed Loop System
Accurate Well Placement
G3 Steering Unit OnTrak MWD / LWD module Power - Comm. Module
• Fully integrated MWD with directional, resistivity, gamma ray,

vibration, and near bit inclination sensors
• Direction control during continuous string
rotation
• Extendible stabilizer ribs create side forces
to steer bit in desired direction
• Two-way communication between
downhole and surface systems
• Over 7500 steering commands
• Fully-automated “Hold Mode”
76
Steering Principle
Rotating Micro Hydraulic
Drive Shaft Modules Steering Ribs
Control electronics Non Rotating

& Inclination sensors Steerable Stabiliser
High Side Sleeve
Direction
Steering Vector
Magnitude
77
Rotary Steerable Systems - AutoTrak®
desired direction
and DLS
 Continuous rotation, no sliding

100%
 Excellent & continuous hole cleaning
 Smooth trajectory 50%
 In-gauge borehole 0%
 Bit centralised
 LWD sensors close to bit
High Side
37% 37%
78
AutoTrak® G3 RCLS – Downlink Features
©
 Downlink “on-the-fly”
– Reduced Non Productive Time
– Enhanced ROP
 Downlink Confirmation
- Reduced drilling risk
- Enhanced reservoir contact
- Better wellbore placement Stand Pipe
Pressure
Signal via Transducer
Drilling
 Closed loop control downhole Fluid
Surface
– Automated steering control of bit Control
inclination, steering vector direction and

magnitude By Pass
Signal via Actuator
– Smoother wellbore with better TVS control Drilling
Fluid
79
AutoTrak - Downlinking
Communication
• Negative mud pulse telemetry from surface to
downhole
• Bypass actuator diverts 15% of mud flow in pulses
• Automated computer controlled operation
• Fast (~3 to 5 mins) while drilling ahead
• Full confirmation from tool
• Proven to >37,000 ft md
• Very reliable
80
AutoTrak® G3 RCLS - Closed Loop Steering
Unlike some rotary steerables, AutoTrak systems truly steer continuously for
smooth curves
 STEER mode: ~7,500 vectors choose from

– The tool steers with given toolface and given
force
AutoTrak
– Reprogram at any time via Downlink drilled
curvature
 HOLD mode: unique precision

– Program target incl. to a small fraction of a
Rotary Steerable
degree which does not truly
steer continuously
– Automatically steers smoothly to target
inclination
– Maintains target inclination ±0.1º until new
orders sent
– Simultaneously the well path can be turned
– Reprogram at any time via Downlink
81
AutoTrak - PentaCombo BHA
MagTrak SoundTrak
TesTrak CCN ORD

LithoTrak
BCPM OnTrak
Near-Bit-Inclination 1.0m (3ft)

Pressure 4.7m (16 ft)
Gamma Image 5.0m (16ft)
Resistivity 6.1m (20ft)
CoPilot ATK Steering Directional 7.8m (25ft)
Vibration & Stick-Slip 7.8m (25ft)
Unit Caliper 14.9m (49ft)
Density 15.6m (51ft)
Neutron Porosity 18.0m (59ft)
82
Hole Quality and impact on WL Log Qty
• Acoustic image unusable in

motor drilled section
• Hole spiral response
dominates
Change to AutoTrak RCLS
• Bed dip & azimuth from

AutoTrak RCLS drilled
section
83
AutoTrak X-treme
84
What does AutoTrak X-treme do?
• Drills much faster

• Cuts cost
• Allows early production
• Drills much further
• Increases production per well
• Reduces number of wells needed
• Reaches inaccessible areas of the reservoir
• Reduces casing & drillstring wear Significantly
• Reduces risk and cost
85
Application – Drilling Faster
 Power to the bit = SPEED x TORQUE
– ROP proportional to POWER at the bit (factor ~ 1.3 to 2.0)
 X-treme Technology Stator
– High torque without drop in speed of conventional motors
 AutoTrak Steering Unit
– Higher speed than any other rotary steerable system
– 4 ¾” & 6 ¾” rated to 400 RPM, 9 ½” rated to 300 RPM
– versus competitors ~220 RPM
86
X-treme Technology Power Section
Steel
Elastomer
 Standard Power Section :  X-treme Power Section :

– steel tube with cylindrical ID – pre-contoured Steel tube
– different rubber layer – thin & “equidistant” rubber
thickness layer
87
X-treme Motors
88
AutoTrak X-treme - Typical BHA Design
AutoTrak X-treme Technology Motor
Resistivity / Gamma / Pressure LWD
Steering Unit Power Section
Sensor Module
MWD Pulser & Power Neutron Porosity / Density LWD

Supply
89
Full Communication
• Modular Motor is hard wired with the “M30 BUS”
• Full communication with steering unit gives real time:
• Near Bit Inclination
• Steering System Diagnostics
• Assures precise deviation control via immediate & definitive identification of
steering response irregularity due to formation change or system failure.
• No guesswork, right decisions, maximising well value.
90
Same Precise Steering Control, More Power
 STEER mode: ~7,500 vectors choose from

– The tool steers with given toolface
and given force
 HOLD mode: unique precision

– Program target incl. to a small fraction of a degree
– Automatically steers smoothly to target inclination
– Maintains target inclination ±0.1º until new orders sent
– Simultaneously the well path can be turned
91
Application – Drilling off a Whipstock
With AutoTrak X-treme,

 Run to bottom of rathole without flow,
 Start pumps & slide drill until LWD &
BHA in new hole..
 Then start surface rotary…..
92
End of AutoTrak
93
Rotary Steerable Tool
Sperry-Sun Geo-Pilot
Anadrill Exceed
internal
Baker AutoTrak
deflection
Gyrodata Well-Guide
Precision Revolution 475
Point the bit
Pathfinder PathMaker
eccentric RST Smart Sleeve

sleeve Andergauge RDC
3-D RST
Baker AutoTrak
Anadrill PowerDrive
pad Noble Well Director
Pathfinder PathMaker
Push the bit
button Black Max Crobar
END OF
BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY
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BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY

Well Directional Information Data

Hevi-Wate Drill Pipe (HWDP) is a

Drill Collars (DC’s) – size 3”1/8 to 11” DD TOOL

Advantages of Plasma deep drilling technology

Classification API Guidelines

New No wear, has never been used.

Drill-Collars & Hole Sizes ENSURING NEUTRAL POINT IN BHA

SQUARE DRILL COLLARS

STABILIZER Used in BHA to control

Rotating stab: integral blade, sleeve and welded.

Non-rotating stab: (rubber) sleeve and mandrel.

Maximum recommended rotating hours

1980s Steerable mud motor in combine with

BHA’s have different functions:

2 – Continue building inclination Build Up section Build

3 – Maintain inclination Slant or tangential section Packed Hole

4 - Drop inclination Drop Off Drop

Azimuth control is a constant need while drilling.

If no steerable system available, kick off shall be directed by taking

KICKING OFF a well or making controlled well trajectory change:

To cause departure of the bit:

After Deflection/Kick-off achieved,

In 1950’s principle Progressive Cavity Pump was reversed to derive

PDMs stator and bearings are

3 – Maintain inclination Slant or tangential section Packed Hole

4 - Drop inclination Drop Off Drop

Azimuth control is a constant need while drilling.

Each BHA component is subjected to

Controlling the component contact

Resulting control of the well

Expertise of choosing correct rotary BHA

RSS “Push The Bit”

“Point The Bit”

Side force or push the bit

 No Reciprocating Dynamic Seals

3 pads driven by hydraulic actuators

Actuators apply lateral force to the bit

Stationary control valve

Steering the Wellbore

Sperry Drilling Services

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

Geo-Pilot® Rotary Steerable System

• Allows drilling of smoother wellbore

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

Inside the GeoPilot

Non-rotating reference housing

Rotating inner shaft

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

Geo-Pilot® Point the Bit Technology

• Results in bit tilt in

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

Geo-Pilot® Point the Bit Technology

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

Geo-Pilot® Rotary Steerable System

Compact Bias Unit - Drilling

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”

“For External Distribution. © 2005 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.”