Globalization

- Means the speed up of movements and exchanges of human beings, goods,

services, capital, technologies, or cultural practices. It can also refer to the historical
process by which all the world's people increasingly come to live in a single social
unit.

Three Metaphors of Globalization

Solidity/Solids
Things that prevent or make difficult the movement of things.

Natural
- Landforms like mountains and volcanoes
- Water Forms like seas and lakes

Manmade
- The Great Wall of China
- The Berlin Wall
- The Nine Dash Line

Liquidity/Liquid
Refers to the increasing easiness of movements of people, things, information, and
places in the contemporary world.

Characteristics
1. Changes continually, this means that space and time are crucial elements of
globalization.
2. The movement is difficult to stop.
3. The forces or the liquid ones made political boundaries more permeable to the flow of
people and things

Flows
- Are the movement of people, things, places, and information
The Origin and History of Globalization

Where did it start?

1. Hard Wired Theory

- We can trace the beginnings of globalization to our ancestors in Africa, who
began to migrate throughout the world.
- It is our basic human need to make our lives better that has made
globalization possible.

2. Cycles Theory
- It is said by some theorists that globalization moves in a cyclical process, thus
it is very difficult to find the origin.

3. Epoch Theory
- Also called waves
- Each epoch has it own origin
- Today's globalization is not unique if this is the case
Examples (Research on this):
1. Globalization of Religion
2. European Colonial Conquest
3. Intra European Wars
4. Hayday of European Imperialism
5. Post World War 2 Period
6. Post Cold War Period

4. Events Theory
- There are certain events in our history that help us answer the question of
globalization

5. Broader and More Recent Changes

1. The Emergence of the United States
2. The Emergence of Multinational Corporations
3. (possibly) The Creation of the Internet

Google Meets Session 2 (09/04/2020)

Global Economy
The world economy, considered as the international exchange of goods and services
expressed in monetary units or terms.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Monetary measure or value of all final goods and services produced in a specific time
period.
- It provides an economic snapshot of an economy
- It is used to gauge the economic level of a certain country
- GDP is measured or calculated in three ways
1. Expenditures
2. Production
3. Income

Economic Chains and Networks

When we are talking about the world economy, trading is of course central to the
global economy.Much of that trade occurs in interconnected circuits of one kind or another.

The Four Most Important Chains and Networks in Trade

1. Supply Chains
- These are general labels for value adding activities in the production process.
- Begins with raw materials and follows the value adding process through a
variety of inputs and outputs, and ultimately to a finished product.
- Eg.
The process might begin with an inexpensive raw material like cotton, bought
from a farm. The next process would be making the cotton into thread.

2. International Production Network

- These involve the networks of producers involved in the process of making or
producing a particular product.
- MNCs or Multinational Corporations play a central role as flagships in these
networks. Their worldwide activities are controlled by parent companies.

3. Global Community Chains

- There are no factories in this chain, they only buy products from the
production network and sell them.
- These include buyer driven chains like Walmart, which play a role in what is
produced and how much is produced. Since these companies play no role in
the production process, they are buyers of products and sell them under their
own brand.

4. Global Value Chain

- Emerging as the overarching label for all work in this area, and for all the
chains that have been mentioned.
- Includes the final disposition of the use of a product.
Assignment! Due 7:30PM 09/04/2020

Follow the Product: Nike Shoes (Leather or Rubber)

1. Follow the product that is being sold in your country or the Philippines.
2. List down the main ingredients or raw materials in manufacturing the chosen product.
Identify the corresponding from which each ingredient or raw material came from.
3. Identify the countries involved in the manufacturing of the chosen product. Indicate
the corresponding service the country does for one product.
4. Aside from the Philippines, list other countries in which the product is being sold.
5. Cite the kinds of technology that made the creation of the production possible.
Please consider communication and transportation.
6. Write one to three statements about what you have learned from the activity.