Nano Technology

113
 Nano Technology
❑ ifjHkk"kk %&
• fdlh inkFkZ ds vkdkj o vkd`fr dks Nanometer Lrj (10-9)
rd fu;af=r djds fdlh ;qfDr ;k ;a= dk fuekZ.k djuk
❑ fl)kar %&
• Nanotmeter Lrj ij inkFkZ ds xq.k o`gn~ Lrj ls fHkUu gksrs
gS] D;ksafd Nanometer Lrj ij %&
1- inkFkZ dk lrg {ks= c<+ tkus ls vf/kd ijek.kq lrg ij vk
tkrs gS ftlls vfHkfØ;k’khyrk c<+ tkrh gSA
2- Quantam Mechnical izHkko ds dkj.k inkFkZ ds fo|qrh;]
pqEcdh; o izdk’kh; xq.k cny tkrs gSA
3- inkFkZ dk i`"B ruko o n`<+rk cny tkrh gSA
Note – mDr ifjorZu inkFkZ ds U;wure ,d vk;ke ds 100 nm ls
de gksus ij gksrs gSA 114
 uSuks inkFkZ fdl izdkj rS;kj fd;s tkrs gS\
• uSuks inkFkZ rS;kj djus dh 2 fof/k;k¡ gS %&

• orZeku esa Top down rduhdh dk iz;ksx gks jgk gSA

115
 Nano Technology ds vuqiz;ksx
• Nano Particles
• AFM (Atomic Force Microscope)
• CNT (Carbon Nano Tube)
• Quantam Dots
• Qqyjhu (Carbon 60)
• vU; vuqiz;ksx %&
1- Dendrimers
2- Sun Screen
3- Nano Crystalline Materials
4- Self Cleaning Window
5- Textile m|ksx esa vuqiz;ksx
6- Self Replicating Machine
7- Mind Machine Interface
8- Neuro Weapon

116
 Nano Particles
1- izkd`frd uSuks d.k %&
• nw/k] ,atkbe] Flexing Muscles
2- ,d vk;keh; uSuks d.k %&
• iryh fQYe] fpi] Surface Coating
• budk mi;ksx Fuel cell o Integrated Circuit esa
3- 2 D uSuks d.k %&
• Nano Wire, Carbon Tube, Nano Tube, Graphene
4- 3 D uSuks d.k %&
• Precipitate, Collide, Quantum dot, Nano Crystalline
Material, xzsQkbV

117
 CNT – Carbon Nano Tube
• CNT Rolled Graphene Sheet dh foLr`r Tube gksrh gSA
• bldk O;kl Nanometer eki dk o yackbZ
Micrometer/cm eki dh
• vkn'kZ jklk;fud o HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ
• lqpkyd] ;kaf=d n`<+ ijarq yphyh
• izdkj %&
1- Single Walled CNT
2- Multi Walled CNT
• mi;ksx & Sensor o Display Devices esa

118
 Quantum Dots
• v)Zpkyd inkFkksZ dks uSuks Lrj ds eki rd NksVk djus ij
muesa DokaVe izd`fr vk tkrh gS ftlls og ÅtkZ ftl ij
inkFkZ esa Electron o Hole mRiUu gksrs gS] ifjofrZr gks
tkrh gS o inkFkZ Quantum Dot dh Hkkafr O;ogkj djrk
gSA
• izdkf'kd xq.k ifjofrZr gksus ls ;s Dot jax fo’ks"k ds izdk’k
dks vo’kksf"kr ;k mRlftZr djus yxrs gSA
• gky esa Monolayer Protected High Quality Crystaline
Dot fufeZr fd;k x;k gS ftldk O;kl 2 nm
• mi;ksx & Solar Cell, Flurecent Biological Lebels

119
 Qqyjhu ;k Carbon 60
• 1 nm O;kl dh xksyh; vkd`fr dh QqVcky ln`’; lajpuk
• dqy 60 C v.kq 20 "kV~dks.kh; o 12 iapdks.kh; Rings esa
O;ofLFkr
• fuekZ.k & ghyh;e okrkoj.k esa Graphite dks xeZ djds
• mi;ksx &
1- Ball Bearing
2- Drug Delivery
3- Electronic Circuit

120
 vU; vuqiz;ksx
❑ Dendrimers :
• Self Assembly izfØ;k }kjk cus xksyh; v.kq
• mi;ksx &
(i) Drug Delivery , (ii) Coating Ink
(iii) okrkoj.k iznw"kdksa dks Trap dj okrkoj.k lQkbZ
❑ Sunscreens :-
• VkbVsfu;e vkWDlkbM (TiO2) o ftad vkWDlkbM (ZnO2)
ds uSuks d.k
• ;s d.k UV Rays dks vo’kksf"kr o ijkofrZr djrs gS tcfd
n`’; fofdj.k gsrq ikjn’khZ gSA
• bl izdkj UV Rays dks Ropk rd tkus ls jksdrs gS tcfd
n`’; fofdj.k dks Ropk rd igqapus nsrs gSA
121
 vU; vuqiz;ksx
❑ Nano Crystaline Material :
• budk lrg {ks= vR;f/kd gksrk gSA
• blls budh fo|qrh;] ;kaf=dh {kerk o n`<+rk c<+ tkrh gSA
• mnkgj.k & Nano Crystaline fudy
❑ Self Cleaning Window :-
• bu ij TiO2 dh Coating dh tkrh gSA
• TiO2 tyfojkxh (Hydrophobic), o cSDVhfj;k jks/kh gksrk
rFkk jklk;fud inkFkksZ dks Hkh f[kM+dh ij teus ugha nsrkA
❑ Taxtile ¼oL=½ m|ksx esa vuqiz;ksx %&
• uSuks rduhd dk iz;ksx dj Waterproof, cSDVhfj;kjks/kh o
Breathable oL= cuk;s tk ldrs gSA

122
 vU; vuqiz;ksx
❑ Slef Replicating Machine :
• uSuks inkFkksZ dk lrg {ks= vf/kd gksus ls ;s mPp fØ;k’khy]
vr% bl fl)kar ij Self Replicating Machine cuk;h tk
ldrh gSA
❑ Mind Machine Interface :-
• ekuo ds lkspus ds vk/kkj ij e’khu dk fu;a=.k
❑ Neuro Weapons :-
• Nano Toxin dk fuekZ.k dj bUgsa Neuro Weapon ds :Ik
esa dke esa ys ldrs gSA

123
 uSuks rduhd ds nq"izHkko
❑ Gray Goo :
❑ fdlh inkFkZ }kjk Lo;a dk vfu;af=r izfrd`frdj.k (Copy)
o leLr vU; inkFkksZ dks u"V dj nsuk
❑ vfu;af=r Self Replication Machine
❑ uSuks d.k dh mPp fØ;k’khyrk o NksVs vkdkj ds dkj.k os
dksf’kdk dks Hksn ldrs gSA
❑ uSuks d.k ds i;kZoj.k izHkko vKkr gS
❑ Neuroweapon

124
 Hkkjr dk uSuks fe’ku 2004
• bls Indian National Mission on Nano Science and Nano Technology
uke fn;k x;kA
• blds mn~ns’; %&
1- uSuks rduhdh ds fodkl gsrq foRr miyC/krk lqfuf’pr djuk
2- uSuks rduhdh ds fodkl ls ns’k dk vkfFkZd fodklA
3- uSuks rduhdh esa vuqla/kku o izf’k{k.k dks c<+kuk
4- f’k{k.k laLFkkuksa o m|ksxksa ds e/; uSuks rduhdh ds fodkl gsrq leUo; gsrq
PPP ekWMy
5- is;ty Drug Delivery vkfn lqfo/kk,a miyC/k djkus gsrq uSuks rduhdh dk
iz;ksx
6- cSaxyksj esa Indian Institute of Nano Sciences Technology
Note – Father of Indian Nano Technology = CNR RAO
125