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Effectiveness of Marungko and Claveria Approaches to Grade 1 Struggling Readers of Magalang

Elementary School

Abbie G. Malones, Keithlene L. Manabat, Kathreen Joyce P. Manipon, Mary Rose M. Soriano,

Melvin Z. Vergel de Dios

A Research Proposal to the Faculty of the College of Education

Pampanga State Agricultural University

February 2023
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Introduction

First Paragraph

The covid-19 pandemic gives us an impact, especially on kindergarten and primary school

parents including being unable to direct their children's learning and children's lack of attention,

unwillingness to study, desire to go to school, difficulty learning online, and poor comprehension

of the content according to Apriyanti (2020). It means pandemic has interrupted children’s

normal school-centered education, but this does not mean that it will stop their learning-teaching

process. The basic requirement of a teacher essentially remains the same which is the facilitator

of learning. A study conducted in Shaanxi Province, authorized by local authorities in the second

week of February 2020, found out that the most common psychological and behavioral problems

among 320 children and teens aged 3-18 were distraction, irritability, and fear of asking

questions about the pandemic (Jiao et al., 2020). The interruption of education in schools has

created anxiety, especially for students preparing for exams. In this context, students should be

provided with academic support for the continuation of learning and psycho-social support. The

pandemic has interrupted children’s normal school-centered education, but this does not mean

that it will stop their learning-teaching process. During the pandemic process, teachers may be

inexperienced about what online tools and resources they can use, and which methods they can

use, and they may need constant support, without this support, qualified process management

cannot be possible (TEDMEM, 2020).

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Second Paragraph

The teacher's role is so complex that it must be realized by the teacher himself to advance his

students. The role of the teacher cannot be replaced by technology. During the Covid-19

pandemic, educators and students are required to carry out online learning. Although face-to-face

learning has many advantages, educators must continue to maximize online learning so that the

teaching and learning process continues (Alea, Fabrea, Roldan, & Farooqi, 2020; Code, Ralph, &

Forde, 2020; Fauzi & Sastra Khusuma, 2020).

Third Paragraph

The study was conducted to find possible fitting solution through a teaching reading approach

called Marungko that may help beginning reading teachers in unlocking the keys of illiteracy in

reading. The Marungko approach is designed to equip Grade One learners the necessary reading

skills to improve their reading achievement. Basically, according to Ali and Urbano (1967),

Marungko approach being associated with phonics was first introduced to two teachers in De Los

Santos Community School in Marungko, Angat, Bulacan, Philippines. Marungko Approach is a

reading instruction that is developed to help beginning readers attain reading fluency. This

approach suits the early reading needs of the pupils by leading them to understand letter-sound

correspondence in order to recognize words instantly. However, instead of the conventional

arrangement of letters in the alphabet, there is a proper sequencing of letter and letter sounds to

be taught to children capitalizing on the most frequent to the least occurring sounds in the

Filipino language. The Marungko approach in reading instruction is seen as a potent tool in

honing the prerequisite reading skills among pupils to help them develop reading fluency. This
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reading approach supports culture-based language acquisition since it begins instruction through

capitalizing on the most frequent to the least occurring sounds in the learners’ native language.

Banez R. and Urayan MT. (2019). The Marungko approach is designed to equip Grade One

learners the necessary reading skills to improve their reading achievement. Claveria Approach

was described to have "Pananda" which may be used in teaching reading in Mother Tongue. The

lessons in which Claveria Approach be applied in teaching reading in Mother Tongue are

syllables and words, phrases and sentences. The majority of the pupils have average performance

on lesson about syllables and words and phrases and sentences. The proposed instructional

materials to supplement the used of Claveria Approach in teaching reading were "Pananda

Pictures" and other reading approaches. ES Claveria's reading technique as an example of a

text-marking strategy developed by Erlinda S. Claveria. It consists of pictures that

relatable to the students. Each picture is a resemblance of the symbol and sound of the

syllable.

Fourth Paragraph

Because struggling readers typically avoid reading, they get little practice in it and fall further

behind their peers. In this article, I argue that by improving students' access to information books

and opportunity to interact with such books, teachers can do a better job of helping struggling

readers become skillful, motivated readers. Struggling readers often show a negative attitude

towards reading tasks and manifest low motivation to read. A struggling reader is a child who

experiences difficulty learning to read. This maybe due to: speech and language problems,

specific learning difficulties, English as a second language acquired at a later age, poor reading

instruction when they were learning to read or a combination of the above. Many struggling

readers are also reluctant readers because they find it difficult, fear failure and are aware that
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they are falling behind their peers. Many of these pupils experience low self-esteem. Struggling

readers are common at the middle school level. They are likely to experience at least some

difficulty comprehending the texts required of them in school and, in particular, content area

classrooms.

Fifth Paragraph

Wala pang nahahanap huhu

Sixth Paragraph

Based on the reviewed literature, Marungko and Claveria Approaches are essential in teaching

the students and making them better readers. The Marungko Approach proved to be an effective

technique for improving reading capabilities. Parents should be aware of their child's reading

ability so that intervention will not only be done in school but most importantly at home. The

success of the program lies in the parent's support, teacher's effort and pupil's perseverance to

learn (Collado, 2019). Based on the findings, we can conclude that the ER Claveria method of

teaching reading has a beneficial impact on students, except for the alphabetic principle, which

the majority of students are still learning. Because of the picture, the parents agree that this

technique piques their child's interest, and the material is simple to utilize. It is well-organized,

and the exercises provided are quite beneficial. (Quiambao and Maguyon, 2021). However,

many studies only focus on one of each method. The proposed study will cover both method

which is Marungko and Claveria Approaches.

Thus, this study shows if these approaches would be effective on the identified respondents. It is

beneficial to teachers because this can help them to identify what is the most effective approach

in teaching students how to read and assess themselves if they are an effective and efficient
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teachers. It will also help them to become aware about the possible factors that affect their

struggling readers.

Seventh Paragraph

(GAP) Based from the reviewed literature, Marungko and Claveria are essential in teaching the

students and making them a better reader. (Dugtungan kung ano nakita sa mga RRL). However,

many studies only focus on one of each methods. The proposed study will cover the both method

which is claveria and...

Thus, this study shows (the importance). It is beneficial to teachers (why)... (States the other

stakeholders who will be benefited to the study.) (GAP)

According to Taylor (2012), one of the major components of the literacy crisis is reading, which

calls for educators to examine the reading process. Literacy skills play a vital role in honing the

students' holistic skills. However, elementary school students are struggling with reading

comprehension, which makes it vital for educators to find ways to motivate students in order for

them to learn not only inside the school premise but also outside of it. Researching ways on how

to help elementary school students is essential to lessening their poor level of reading

comprehension.

This study will be conduct to the Grade I pupils at the Magalang to see the effect of the

marungko and claveria approaches in struggling readers.

The researchers will find out that if there is improvement in their learning after using the

approaches in the teaching- learning process.

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This study aim to determine the effectiveness of marngko and claveria approaches to Grade I

struggling readers.

Specifically, the study will answer the following:

1. How may the participants be described in terms of the following:

o Age

o Gender

o Reading Status

2. How may the approaches for struggling pupils in reading be describe based on the scores of

the experimental group after the intervention and control group after the approaches?

3. Is there significant difference between the post test scores of the experimental group and

control group?

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