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Mika Waltari
Mika Toimi Waltari (pronounced [ˈmikɑ ˈʋɑltɑri] ( listen); 19
September 1908 – 26 August 1979) was a Finnish writer, best Mika Waltari
known for his best-selling novel The Egyptian (Finnish:
Sinuhe egyptiläinen).[1] He was extremely productive. Besides
his novels he also wrote poetry, short stories, crime novels,
plays, essays, travel stories, film scripts, and rhymed texts for
comic strips by Asmo Alho.[2]

Biography

Early life

Waltari was born in Helsinki on 19 September 1908.[3] His

parents were Toimi Waltari and Olga Johansson; Toimi was a
Lutheran pastor once, teaching religion in Porvoo, and Olga
one of his pupils. A scandal caused by their relationship had
forced them to move to Tampere and the two married on 18
November 1906.[4] At the age of five Mika Waltari suddenly
Mika Waltari in 1934
lost his father to illness on 5 July 1914, and the 25-year old
Olga Waltari was left, with crucial help from Toimi's brother Born 19 September
Toivo, to support her three children: Samuli (7 years), Mika (5 1908
years) and Erkki (6 months).[5] As a boy, Waltari witnessed the Helsinki, Grand
Finnish Civil War, during which his White-sided family fled to Duchy of Finland
the home of his mother's aunt at Laukkoski in Pornainen, near Died 26 August 1979
Porvoo, which was relatively peaceful and where the Whites (aged 70)
were predominant.[6] Helsinki, Finland
Occupation
Author · translator ·
Later he enrolled in the University of Helsinki as a theology
academician
student, according to his uncle Toivo's[7] wishes, but soon
abandoned theology in favour of philosophy, aesthetics and Literary Tulenkantajat
[1] movement
literature, graduating in 1929. While studying, he
contributed to various magazines and wrote poetry and stories, Signature
getting his first book Jumalaa paossa published in 1925. It
was a success, selling 3000 copies despite being only 72 pages
long.[7] In 1927, he went to Paris where he wrote his first major
novel Suuri illusioni ('The Grand Illusion'), a story of bohemian life.[1] In terms of style, the novel
is considered to be the Finnish equivalent to the works of the American writers of the Lost
Generation. (In Waltari's historical novel The Adventurer, taking place in the 16th century, the
protagonist is a Finn who goes to study in Paris at much the same age that the author went to the
same city in the 20th century). Suuri illusioni was a surprise hit, selling 8000 copies and turning
Mika Waltari into a famous author.[8] Waltari also was, for a while, a member of the liberal literary
movement Tulenkantajat,[9] though his political and social views later turned conservative. He was
married on 8 March 1931 to Marjatta Luukkonen, whom he had met during military service the
preceding year, and on 4 January 1932 they had a daughter, Satu.[10] Satu also became a writer.[11]

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Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Waltari worked as a journalist and critic, writing for a number of
newspapers and magazines and travelling widely in Europe. He directed the magazine Suomen
Kuvalehti.[12] At the same time, he kept writing books in many genres, moving easily from one
literary field to another. He had a very busy schedule and strict work ethic. He also suffered from
manic-depressive psychosis and became depressed after completion of a book, sometimes to the
extent of needing hospital treatment; in his manic phases he did his writing.[13] He participated,
and often succeeded, in literary competitions to prove the quality of his work to critics. One of
these competitions gave rise to one of his most popular characters, Inspector Palmu, a gruff
detective of the Helsinki police department, who starred in three mystery novels, all of which were
filmed (a fourth film was made without Waltari involved). Waltari also scripted the popular
cartoon Kieku ja Kaiku and wrote Aiotko kirjailijaksi, a guidebook for aspiring writers that
influenced many younger writers such as Kalle Päätalo.[1]

World War II and international break-through

During the Winter War (1939–1940) and the Continuation War (1941–1944), Waltari worked in
the government information center, now also placing his literary skills at the service of political
propaganda. According to historian Eino Jutikkala, through this experience as a propagandist
Waltari became more cynical as he realised the prevalence of historical half-truths shaped by
propaganda, later a recurrent theme in his historical novels. Although Waltari saw Soviet
bolshevism as dangerous, he was attracted at first to the National Socialist theories about a new
man. He visited Germany in 1939 and wrote a mostly favourable article titled Tuntematon Saksa
('Unknown Germany'). In 1942 he and 6 other Finnish writers visited Germany to attend the
Congress of the European Writers' Union in Weimar and wrote yet more favourable coverage; a
story goes however that he, being slightly drunk, refused the pocket money brought by their
"patient and attentive German hosts" to their hotel by tearing it in half and throwing it away
through the window.[14]

1945 saw the publication of Waltari's first and most successful historical novel, The Egyptian. Its
theme of the corruption of humanist values in a materialist world seemed curiously topical in the
aftermath of World War II, and the book became an international bestseller, serving as the basis of
the 1954 Hollywood movie of the same name. Waltari wrote seven more historical novels, placed in
various ancient cultures, among others The Dark Angel, set during the Fall of Constantinople in
1453. In these novels, he gave powerful expression to his fundamental pessimism and also, in two
novels set in the Roman Empire, to his Christian conviction. After the war, he also wrote several
novellas. He became a member of the Finnish Academy in 1957 and received an honorary doctorate
at the University of Turku in 1970.[15]

Later years

Waltari's last two novels tell about early history of Christianity: Valtakunnan salaisuus (English
title: The Secret of the Kingdom 1959), and Ihmiskunnan viholliset (English title: The Roman
1964). As a member of Academy of Science and Letters he guided younger writers. He was also
involved in re-publishing and editing his early works, and gave long interviews to Ritva Haavikko
which were published as a book.[15][16]

Waltari was one of the most prolific Finnish writers. He wrote at least 29 novels, 15 novellas, 6
collections of stories or fairy-tales, 6 collections of poetry and 26 plays, as well as screen plays,
radio plays, non-fiction, translations, and hundreds of reviews and articles. He is also
internationally the best-known Finnish writer, and his works have been translated into more than
30 languages.[1]

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In his later years, Waltari wrote less and less. This is partly due to the enormous fees he received
from foreign editions of The Egyptian and his other books, allowing him to stop "writing to
live".[17]

Mika Waltari died on 26 August 1979 in Helsinki, the year after his wife Marjatta's death in
1978.[18]

Literary themes and style

Markéta Hejkalová (who translated many Waltari's works into Czech and wrote a biography about
him) identifies 9 common elements in Waltari's historical novels:[19]

1. Journeys: The protagonist goes on journeys in foreign lands, is a "foreigner" in the world
instead of having a home, and often has a comic sidekick. They can be called picaresque
novels. Waltari himself travelled a lot, wrote two travelogues and researched his material on his
trips.
2. Isolation: The protagonist often is an orphan, has unknown parents, or was born out of
wedlock. His origins are mysterious but possibly from the highest ranks of society.
3. Power: The main character becomes acquainted with mighty power-holders, becoming their
adviser and often admirer, and gains status and property. This kind of story of rags-to-riches via
hard work is common in Finnish literature - and even mirrors Waltari's own life, as he at first
relied on the help of his friends and relatives but later became a world-famous author.
4. A Turning Point: All novels take place at the time of a major and significant turning point in
world history. The manner in which these are explored is influenced by similar turning points in
Waltari's time.
5. Conflicts and Violence: Many kinds of battles, wars and other acts of violence are depicted
(often in gruesome detail), within and between societies. Attention is devoted to multiple
conflicts in a novel instead of specific single ones, and no side is portrayed as more righteous
as the other. Waltari viewed that the violence of medieval torture sprung from the religious
suppression of sexuality.
6. Rejection of Ideologies: All manipulative ideologies, which on the surface have noble goals
but cause people to die in their name, are criticised. There are two common character types:
The idealist, who has good intentions but brings about chaos and mayhem, and the realist, who
is more immoral or even greedy and power-hungry but gets things done and achieves order
and peace. According to Hejkalová, this tension between idealism and realism reflects post-
World War II Finnish foreign policy: President Urho Kekkonen is the realist, who maintained the
Paasikivi–Kekkonen line and preserved Finnish independence, whereas Carl Gustaf Emil
Mannerheim she sees as possibly the prototypical idealist.
7. Good and Wicked Women: The main character has relationships with two kinds of women:
There is a good but imperfect woman, who tragically dies before the hero's love for her can be
fulfilled; and a beautiful but wicked femme fatale.
8. Witchcraft: The supernatural, mysticism and witchcraft are featured - not rationally explained
away but treated as part of everyday life, as understood by the characters. There is a profound,
personal relationship with God (or equivalent divine power).
9. Optimism: Counterintuitively in light of the above points, Waltari nonetheless holds the view
that there is good among people, and that slowly, imperceptibly but inevitably humanity is

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headed towards goodness and salvation. Waltari paid special attention to the final parts of his
novels and what mood or message they conveyed, providing a suitable uplifting catharsis.

Legacy

Recognition

Waltari got the State literature award five times: 1933, 1934, 1936, 1949, and 1953. The Pro
Finlandia Medal was given to him in 1952.[20]

The 100th anniversary of Mika Waltari's birth was celebrated by selecting the writer as the main
motif for a high value commemorative coin, the €10 Mika Waltari commemorative coin, minted in
2008. The reverse depicts a vigilant Pharaoh watchdog referencing his famous book. The obverse is
decorated with Waltari's signature and a stylized pen nib that symbolizes the diversity of the
writer's production.

Waltari's memorial in Töölö by Veikko Hirvimäki was unveiled in 1985.[21]

Two asteroids have been named in honour of Waltari: n:o 4266 Mika Waltari and n:o 4512
Sinuhe.[15]

Influence

Waltari's historical novels have been cited by G. R. R. Martin[22] and Jean Auel[23] as an influence.

Works

Novels
Jumalaa paossa (1925)
Suuri illusioni (1928)
Appelsiininsiemen (1931)
Keisarin tekohampaat (1931, with Armas J. Pulla, AKA Leo Rainio)
Punainen Madonna (1932, AKA Leo Rainio)
Älkää ampuko pianistia! (1932, AKA Leo Rainio)
Helsinki trilogy:
1. Mies ja haave (1933)
2. Sielu ja liekki (1934)
3. Palava nuoruus (1935)
4. From Father to Son (Isästä poikaan) (1942). Abbreviated reprint of the trilogy
Surun ja ilon kaupunki (1936)
A Stranger Came to the Farm series:
1. A Stranger Came to the Farm (Vieras mies tuli taloon) (1937)
2. Jälkinäytös (1938)
Ihmeellinen Joosef eli elämä on seikkailua (1938, AKA M. Ritvala)

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Inspector Palmu series:

1. Kuka murhasi rouva Skrofin? (1939)
2. Inspector Palmu's Mistake (Komisario Palmun erehdys) (1940)
3. Tähdet kertovat, komisario Palmu! (1962)
Antero ei enää palaa (1940) Novella
Fine van Brooklyn (1941) Novella
Catherine (Kaarina Maununtytär) (1942)
Ei koskaan huomispäivää!, AKA Kevät uuden maailmansodan varjossa (1942). Novella
Rakkaus vainoaikaan (1943)
Tanssi yli hautojen (1944)
Jokin ihmisessä (1944) Novella
Sellaista ei tapahdu, AKA Unohduksen pyörre (1944). Novella
The Egyptian (Sinuhe egyptiläinen) (1945) Abridged translation
Kultakutri (1948) Novella
The Adventurer series:
1. The Adventurer, AKA Michael The Finn (Mikael Karvajalka) (1948)
2. The Wanderer, AKA The Sultan's Renegade (Mikael Hakim) (1949)
A Nail Merchant at Nightfall (Neljä päivänlaskua) (1949)
The Dark Angel series:
1. The Dark Angel (Johannes Angelos) (1952)
2. Nuori Johannes (1981) Prequel; published posthumously.
The Etruscan (Turms, kuolematon) (1955)
Feliks onnellinen (1958)
The Secret of the Kingdom series:
1. The Secret of the Kingdom (Valtakunnan salaisuus) (1959)
2. The Roman (Ihmiskunnan viholliset) (1964)

Short story collections

Kuolleen silmät. Kertomuksia tuntemattoman ovilta (1926, AKA Kristian Korppi)
Dshinnistanin prinssi (1929)
Kiinalainen kissa ja muita satuja (1932)

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Novelleja, AKA Nainen tuli pimeästä ja muita novelleja (1943). Contains 28 short stories:
1. I Poikia:
"Herääminen"
"Pelkuri"
"Kiusaus"
"Salaseura "Hurjat hosujat"
"Oi, nuoruus"
2. II Päivä paistaa:
"Nuori mies rakastaa"
"Suomalaista rakkautta"
"Kosto"
"Ensimmäinen vuosi on pahin"
"Mies ja hänen koiransa"
"Huviretki"
"Vanha mies herää kevääseen"
"Helsingin kevät"
3. III Maa:
"Hannu Suolanhakijan tarina"
"Rauhaton taival"
"Omenapuut"
"Ihminen on hyvä"
"Huutokaupassa"
"Juhlapäivä"
"Mies kävelee talvista tietä"
4. IV Kaupunki:
"Pimeä piha"
"Oli kerran pieni poika"
"Poika palaa kotiin"
"Äiti on sairas"
"Mies herää unesta"
"Hiilet hehkuvat"
"Uusi rakennusmaa"
5. V Tuolta puolen:
"Nainen tuli pimeästä"
Kuun maisema (1953). Contains 6 short stories:
"Jokin ihmisessä" (1944). Novella
"Jäinen saari"
"Moonscape" ("Kuun maisema"). Novella
"Ennen maailmanloppua"
"Pariisilaissolmio"
"Ihmisen vapaus"
Koiranheisipuu ja neljä muuta pienoisromaania (1961). Contains 5 short stories:
"The Tree of Dreams" ("Koiranheisipuu")
"Ei koskaan huomispäivää!", AKA "Kevät uuden maailmansodan varjossa" (1942). Novella
"Kultakutri" (1948). Novella
"Fine van Brooklyn" (1941). Novella
"Sellaista ei tapahdu", AKA "Unohduksen pyörre" (1944). Novella

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Pienoisromaanit (1966). Contains 13 short stories:

"Multa kukkii" (1930). Novella
"Ei koskaan huomispäivää!", AKA "Kevät uuden maailmansodan varjossa" (1942). Novella
"Fine van Brooklyn" (1941). Novella
"Sellaista ei tapahdu", AKA "Unohduksen pyörre" (1944). Novella
"Jokin ihmisessä" (1944). Novella
"Nainen tuli pimeästä"
"Kultakutri" (1948). Novella
"Ennen maailmanloppua"
"Moonscape" ("Kuun maisema"). Novella
"Jäinen saari"
"Pariisilaissolmio"
"Ihmisen vapaus"
"The Tree of Dreams" ("Koiranheisipuu")
Lukittu laatikko ja muita kertomuksia (1978)

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Joulutarinoita (1985). Contains 57 short stories:

"Kapinalliset naiset"
"Aili, Bonzo ja suuri saippuapallo"
"Eräs joululahja"
"Hentomielinen mies"
"Hiilet hehkuvat"
"Hirveä päivä"
"Hyvyys ja rauha"
"Hyvästi, Joulupukki..."
"Insinööri Jalovaaran uskomaton seikkailu"
"Isoäiti"
"Joulu"
"Joulu on jo ovella : leikkiä ja totta joulusta 1940"
"Joulu, ihmeellinen, palaamaton"
"Joulu, samettikoira ja minä"
"Jouluaatto, vuokra-auto ja onnellinen loppu"
"Jouluaattona"
"Joululahjasäkeitä"
"Joululaulu"
"Joululoma ja valokuva"
"Jouluna 1940"
"Joulutarina 1962"
"Jouluyö Atlas-vuorilla"
"Juhlapäivä"
"Kaikki on hyvin, mutta..."
"Kaksi pientä koiraa"
"Kamreeri Miettinen kertoo joululomastaan"
"Keittiömies Petterin onni"
"Kirjailijan joulu"
"Koti ja taivas"
"Kotiinpaluu"
"Maan viisaus"
"Merimiehen jouluilta"
"Myöhästyneet joululahjat"
"Nuoren Anttonin jouluaatto"
"Nuori Henrik"
"Pienen mustan koiran joulu"
"Pieni villipeto"
"Pikkujouluna kerromme sadun urhoollisesta Pörristä"
"Prinsessan joululahja"
"Rangaistuskomppanian joulu"
"Ratkaisun edessä"
"Rauhaton taival"
"Riimikronikka joulukirjoista"
"Satu Joulupukin suurimmasta salaisuudesta"
"Satu Kimistä ja Kaista, jotka matkustivat kuuhun elefantilla"
"Satu Pekasta ja äidin punaisesta huivista ja murheellisesta joulupukista"

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"Taiteilijan joulu : satu aikuisille"

"Triest"
"Tuntematon tie"
"Tyttö katsoi äitiään"
"Täti Hortensian kaunein satu"
"Unelmien kude"
"Vaatimaton jouluruno"
"Vanha tietäjä"
"Vanhaisäntä käy kaupungissa"
"Yllätys isälle"
"Yö sairaalassa"
Viisi ässää ja muita kertomuksia (1999)

Short stories
"Satu kuninkaasta jolla ei ollut sydäntä" (1945)

Comics
Kieku ja Kaiku (1979)

Poems
Lauluja saatanalle (1926, AKA Untamo Raakki). Unpublished
Sinun ristisi juureen (1927)
Valtatiet (1928, with Olavi Lauri)
Muukalaislegioona (1929)
Sotatalvi (1940, with Yrjö Jylhä, Arvi Kivimaa, Viljo Kajava, Ragnar Ekelund, Lauri Viljanen,
Otto Varhia)
Runoja 1925-1945 (1945)
22.30 – Pikajuna Viipuriin (1966)
Pöytälaatikko (1967)
Mikan runoja ja muistiinpanoja 1925–1978 (1979)

Plays
Tieteellinen teoria (1928) Hankala kosinta (1942)
Jättiläiset ovat kuolleet (1930) Yövieras (1943)
Elämämme parhaat vuodet (1934) Paracelsus Baselissa (1943)
Yö yli Euroopan (1937) Gabriel, tule takaisin (1945)
Akhnaton, auringosta syntynyt (1937) Rakas lurjus (1946)
Kuriton sukupolvi (1937) Elämän rikkaus (1947)
Mies rakasti vaimoaan (1937) Noita palaa elämään (1947)
Toimittaja rakastaa (1937) Omena putoaa (1947)
Hämeenlinnan kaunotar (1939) Portti pimeään (1947)
Sotilaan paluu (1940) Huhtikuu tulee (1948)
Maa on ikuinen (1941) Kutsumaton (vieras) (1948)
Tulevaisuuden tiellä (1941) Myöhästynyt hääyö (1948)
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Viimeiset ihmiset (1950) Isänmaan parhaat (1961)

Pimeä komero (1951) Keisari ja senaattori (1961)
Miljoonavaillinki (1959)

Nonfiction
Siellä missä miehiä tehdään (1931).
Description of the Finnish army
Aiotko kirjailijaksi (1935)
Neuvostovakoilun varjossa (1943)
Lähdin Istanbuliin (1948). Travels
Vallaton Waltari (1957). Artícles
Ihmisen ääni (1978)
Yksinäisen miehen juna (1978). Travels
Kirjailijan muistelmia (1980). Memoirs
Mika Waltarin mietteitä (1982)
Matkakertomuksia (1989). Travels

References
1. Liukkonen, Petri. "Mika Waltari" (http://authorscalendar.info/mwaltari.htm). Authors Calendar.
Finland.
2. "Asmo Alho - Lambiek Comiclopedia" (https://www.lambiek.net/artists/a/alho_asmo.htm).
3. Hejkalová 2008, p. 14.
4. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 16–17.
5. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 21–22.
6. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 25–26.
7. Hejkalová 2008, p. 40.
8. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 51–52.
9. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 42–43.
10. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 53–54.
11. Otavan iso tietosanakirja: Encyclopaedia Fennica (in Finnish). Keuruu: Otava. 1965. p. 898.
12. Hejkalová 2008, p. 56.
13. Hejkalová 2008, p. 58.
14. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 84–86.
15. Envall, Markku. "Waltari, Mika (1908–1979)" (http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/english/?id=702).
Kansallisbiografia. Biografiakeskus, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
16. Haavikko, Ritva (ed.): Mika Waltari. Ihmisen ääni: Nöyryys ja intohimo. WSOY 1978. ISBN 951-
0-08913-3
17. Hejkalová 2008, p. 145.
18. Hejkalová 2008, p. 171.
19. Hejkalová 2008, pp. 123–145.
20. "Waltari, Mika" (http://yle.fi/vintti/yle.fi/sininenlaulu/yle.fi/teema/sininenlaulu/artikkeli.php-id=82.h
tm) (in Finnish). Yle. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
21. "Kuningasajatus / The Leading Thought (The Mika Waltari Memorial)" (http://www.hamhelsinki.f
i/en/sculpture/mika-waltarin-muistomerkki-kuningasajatus-veikko-hirvimaki/). Helsinki Art
Museum. Retrieved 2015-10-25.
22. Ahlroth, Jussi (2015-06-28). "Game of Thrones -kirjailija George R. R. Martin vastasi HS:lle
vaikeaan kysymykseen odotetusta kirjasta" (https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000002834612.htm
l). Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 2022-03-07.
23. "Great Escapes: Writers Pick Their Favorites" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/enterta
inment/books/1986/12/07/great-escapes-writers-pick-their-favorites/8d4fb670-8a83-427f-b9c3-
8f6af20ecb09/). The Washington Post. 1986-12-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.

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Bibliography
Hejkalová, Markéta (2008) [2007 (Czech)]. Mika Waltari: The Finn. Translated by Turner,
Gerald. Helsinki: WSOY. ISBN 978-951-0-34335-7.

Further reading
Järvelä, Juha (2013). Kaksi maailmaa? Sukupuoli Mika Waltarin kirjailijakuvassa, teksteissä ja
niiden vastaanotossa 1925–1939 (http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-5220-4) (Ph.D. thesis
with English abstract). Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities, 206 (in Finnish). University of
Jyväskylä. ISBN 978-951-39-5220-4. ISSN 1459-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1459-433
1).

External links
Introduction in English at WSOY. (https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015343/http://www.ws
oy.fi/index.jsp?c=%2Fauthor&id=451&cat=10)
Mika Waltari Society (in Finnish). (http://www.mikawaltariseura.fi/)
The Diary Junction Blog. (http://thediaryjunction.blogspot.com/2008/09/waltaris-dark-angel.htm
l)
Mika Waltari in 375 humanists. (http://375humanistia.helsinki.fi/en/humanists/mika-waltari) 6.
March 2015. University of Helsinki.

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